1
|
Pham ST, Tieu AK, Sun C, Wan S, Collins SM. Direct Visualization of Chemical Transport in Solid-State Chemical Reactions by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3702-3709. [PMID: 38477517 PMCID: PMC10979428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Systematic control and design of solid-state chemical reactions are required for modifying materials properties and in novel synthesis. Understanding chemical dynamics at the nanoscale is therefore essential to revealing the key reactive pathways. Herein, we combine focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to track the migration of sodium from a borate coating to the oxide scale during in situ hot corrosion testing. We map the changing distribution of chemical elements and compounds from 50 to 850 °C to reveal how sodium diffusion induces corrosion. The results are validated by in situ X-ray diffraction and post-mortem TOF-SIMS. We additionally retrieve the through-solid sodium diffusion rate by fitting measurements to a Fickian diffusion model. This study presents a step change in analyzing microscopic diffusion mechanics with high chemical sensitivity and selectivity, a widespread analytical challenge that underpins the defining rates and mechanisms of solid-state reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang T. Pham
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research & School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Anh Kiet Tieu
- School
of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Sun
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research & School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Shanhong Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Sean M. Collins
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research & School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao D, Gao L, Huang X, Chen G, Gao B, Wang J, Gu M, Wang F. Complementary imaging of nanoclusters interacting with mitochondria via stimulated emission depletion and scanning transmission electron microscopy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133371. [PMID: 38185082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The emerging stress caused by nanomaterials in the environment is of great concern because they can have toxic effects on organisms. However, thorough study of the interactions between cells and diverse nanoparticles (NPs) using a unified approach is challenging. Here, we present a novel approach combining stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for quantitative assessment, real-time tracking, and in situ imaging of the intracellular behavior of gold-silver nanoclusters (AuAgNCs), based on their fluorescence and electron properties. The results revealed an aggregated state of AuAgNCs within the mitochondria and an increase in sulfur content in AuAgNCs, presumably owing to their reaction with thiol-containing molecules inside the mitochondria. Moreover, AuAgNCs (100 μg/mL) induced a 75% decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and a 12-fold increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in comparison to control. This mitochondrial damage may be triggered by the reaction of AuAgNCs with thiol, which provides direct imaging evidence for uncovering the action mechanism of AuAgNCs on the mitochondria. The proposed dual-imaging strategy using STED and STEM is a potential tool to offer valuable insights into cytotoxicity between subcellular structures and diverse NPs, and can serve as a key strategy for nanomaterial biosafety assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bera S, Sahu P, Dutta A, Nobile C, Pradhan N, Cozzoli PD. Partial Chemicalization of Nanoscale Metals: An Intra-Material Transformative Approach for the Synthesis of Functional Colloidal Metal-Semiconductor Nanoheterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305985. [PMID: 37724799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructuring colloidal nanocrystals into multicomponent modular constructs, where domains of distinct metal and semiconductor phases are interconnected through bonding interfaces, is a consolidated approach to advanced breeds of solution-processable hybrid nanomaterials capable of expressing richly tunable and even entirely novel physical-chemical properties and functionalities. To meet the challenges posed by the wet-chemical synthesis of metal-semiconductor nanoheterostructures and to overcome some intrinsic limitations of available protocols, innovative transformative routes, based on the paradigm of partial chemicalization, have recently been devised within the framework of the standard seeded-growth scheme. These techniques involve regiospecific replacement reactions on preformed nanocrystal substrates, thus holding great synthetic potential for programmable configurational diversification. This review article illustrates achievements so far made in the elaboration of metal-semiconductor nanoheterostructures with tailored arrangements of their component modules by means of conversion pathways that leverage on spatially controlled partial chemicalization of mono- and bi-metallic seeds. The advantages and limitations of these approaches are discussed within the context of the most plausible mechanisms underlying the evolution of the nanoheterostructures in liquid media. Representative physical-chemical properties and applications of chemicalization-derived metal-semiconductor nanoheterostructures are emphasized. Finally, prospects for developments in the field are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bera
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Puspanjali Sahu
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Concetta Nobile
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, UOS di Lecce, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - P Davide Cozzoli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- UdR INSTM di Lecce, c/o Università del Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alcorn FM, van der Veen RM, Jain PK. In Situ Electron Microscopy of Transformations of Copper Nanoparticles under Plasmonic Excitation. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37399502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are attracting interest for their light-absorption properties, but such materials are known to dynamically evolve under the action of chemical and physical perturbations, resulting in changes in their structure and composition. Using a transmission electron microscope equipped for optical excitation of the specimen, the structural evolution of Cu-based nanoparticles under simultaneous electron beam irradiation and plasmonic excitation was investigated with high spatiotemporal resolution. These nanoparticles initially have a Cu core-Cu2O oxide shell structure, but over the course of imaging, they undergo hollowing via the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. We captured the nucleation of a void within the core, which then rapidly grows along specific crystallographic directions until the core is hollowed out. Hollowing is triggered by electron-beam irradiation; plasmonic excitation enhances the kinetics of the transformation likely by the effect of photothermal heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Alcorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Renske M van der Veen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Puthiyottil N, Kanakkayil S, Pillai NP, Rajan A, Parambath SK, Krishnamurthy RG, Chatanathodi R, Menamparambath MM. In situ engineering of Au-Ag alloy embedded PEDOT nanohybrids at a solvent/non-solvent interface for the electrochemical enzyme-free detection of histamine. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1144-1158. [PMID: 36645247 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02637f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Steadfast efforts have been made to develop novel materials and incorporate them into functional devices for practical applications, pushing the research on electroactive materials to the forefront of nano electronics. Liquid/liquid interface-assisted polymerization offers a scalable methodology to fabricate hybrid materials with multifunctional applications, in contrast to the conventional and ubiquitous routes. Here, we explored this efficient and versatile approach toward the in situ tailoring of Au-Ag alloy nanostructures with a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT). With the appropriate choice of organic and inorganic phases for the distribution of monomer and oxidant, the miscibility restraints of the reactants in a single phase were alleviated. Effective nanostructure tuning of highly crystalline and electroactive PEDOT/Au-Ag alloy has been achieved by varying the molar ratio of Au3+/Ag+ in the reaction mixture. The as-synthesized composite is further explored to detect neuromodulator histamine (HA), which displays high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5 nM, and selectivity even in the presence of various interfering analogs of 10-fold concentration. Subsequently, density functional theory (DFT) simulations are employed to assess the mode of interaction between HA and the electroactive surfaces. The competency to detect HA in preserved food entails its potential in food spoilage monitoring. Furthermore, the detection of histamine generated by sub-cultured human neuronal cells SH-SY5Y proves its practical viability in health monitoring devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesleena Puthiyottil
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Sameena Kanakkayil
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Neeraja P Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Anju Rajan
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Raghu Chatanathodi
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India
| | - Mini Mol Menamparambath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rezk N, Abdelsattar AS, Makky S, Hussein AH, Kamel AG, El-Shibiny A. New formula of the green synthesised Au@Ag core@shell nanoparticles using propolis extract presented high antibacterial and anticancer activity. AMB Express 2022; 12:108. [PMID: 35987838 PMCID: PMC9392670 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial alternatives such as nanoparticles are critically required to tackle bacterial infections, especially with the emerging threat of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to biosynthesize Au-Ag nanoparticles using propolis as a natural reducing agent and investigate their antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri (S. sciuri), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (S. enterica), besides demonstrating their anticancer activity in cancer cell lines. The biosynthesized Au@AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the detection of antibacterial activity was assessed through disc diffusion, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), time-killing curve, and detection of cell membrane integrity via SEM. As a result, the UV-Vis spectrum revealed the formation of Au@AgNPs in a single peak between 533 and 555 nm. Furthermore, FTIR analysis confirmed nanoparticles' green synthesis due to the presence of carbon functional groups. The formulated Au@AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC and the MBC of P. aeruginosa and S. sciuri were 31.25 µg/mL. However, nanoparticles were more effective on S. enterica with MIC of 7.5 µg/mL and MBC of 15.6 µg/mL. Furthermore, the time-killing curve of the three model bacteria with the treatment was effective at 50 µg/mL. Besides, SEM of the tested bacteria indicated unintegrated bacterial cell membranes and damage caused by Au@AgNPs. Regarding the anticancer activity, the results indicated that the biosynthesized Au@AgNPs have a cytotoxic effect on HEPG2 cell lines. In conclusion, this research revealed that the green synthesized Au@AgNPs could be effective antibacterial agents against S. sciuri, P. aeruginosa, and S. enterica and anticancer agents against HEPG2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Rezk
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
- Center for X-Ray and Determination of Structure of Matter, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Salsabil Makky
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Assmaa H Hussein
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Azza G Kamel
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, 45511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhardwaj AK, Naraian R. Cyanobacteria as biochemical energy source for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles, mechanism and potential applications: a review. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:445. [PMID: 34631346 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained great concern among researchers due to their unique properties, excellent applications and efficient route of synthesis. From the last decades, the number biologicals such as plants, fungus, bacteria, yeast, algae, and cyanobacteria and their products are using by various researchers for the synthesis of different NPs. However, the pillar of green chemistry keeps touching new heights to improve the performance. This review paper unveils almost recent cyanobacteria-assisted greener NP synthesis technique, characterization and application. The enormous potency of cyanobacteria in NP synthesis (silver, gold, copper, zinc, palladium, titanium, cadmium sulfide, and selenium) and significance of reducing enzymes were summarized. The extracellular and intracellular entity such as metabolites, enzyme, protein, pigments in cyanobacteria play a significant role in the conversion of metal ions to metal NPs with unique properties discussed briefly. The green synthesis of nanomaterials is valuable because of their cost-effective, nontoxic and eco-friendly prospects as well as the potential application metal NPs such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancerous, catalytic, drug delivery, bioimaging, nanopesticide, nanofertilizer, sensing properties, etc. Therefore, in the present review, we have systematically discussed the mechanisms of synthesis and applications of cyanobacteria-assisted green synthesis of NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Environmental Science, Amity School of Life Sciences, Amity University, Gwalior, 474001 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ram Naraian
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 221003 Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liao S, Luo Z, Metternich JB, Zenobi R, Stellacci F. Quantification of surface composition and segregation on AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles by MALDI MS. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22639-22644. [PMID: 33151213 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work we show that it is possible to use MALDI-TOF as a tool to quantify the atomic composition and to describe the phase segragation of the surface of ligand-coated, bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles. Our investigation shows that AuAg nanoparticles of various compositions exhibit core-shell heterogeneity with surface enrichment of Ag. A Monte-Carlo type simulation demonstrates that the surface Au and Ag atoms arrange in a random fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suiyang Liao
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
El Mel AA, Mansour SA, Pasha M, Zekri A, Ponraj J, Shetty A, Haik Y. Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1608-1614. [PMID: 33134005 PMCID: PMC7590621 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of Au/Ag alloy thin films using radio-frequency oxygen plasma was studied in this work. It was demonstrated that there is a phase separation occurring between silver and gold. In addition, it was shown that the preferential oxidation of silver resulted in a solid-state diffusion of silver toward the surface where it oxidized and formed nanoporous microspheres. The gold phase remaining in the film exhibited nanoporosity due to the injected vacancies at the metal/silver oxide interface. Based on the scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray mapping a mechanism was proposed based on solid-state diffusion and the Kirkendall effect to explain the different steps occurring during the oxidation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz El Mel
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said A Mansour
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujaheed Pasha
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Atef Zekri
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Janarthanan Ponraj
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Akshath Shetty
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ju Y, Kim J. Composition-dependent catalytic activity of bimetallic PtPd dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles having an average size of 1.7 nm for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Dean J, Cowan MJ, Estes J, Ramadan M, Mpourmpakis G. Rapid Prediction of Bimetallic Mixing Behavior at the Nanoscale. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8171-8180. [PMID: 32515581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nanoparticle (NP) design space allows for variations in size, shape, composition, and chemical ordering. In the search for low-energy structures, this results in an extremely large search space which cannot be screened by brute force methods. In this work, we develop a genetic algorithm to predict stable bimetallic NPs of any size, shape, and metal composition. Our method predicts nanostructures in agreement with experimental trends and it captures the detailed chemical ordering of an experimental 23,196-atom FePt NP with nearly atom-by-atom accuracy. Our developed screening process is extremely fast, allowing us to generate and analyze a database of 5454 low-energy bimetallic NPs. By identifying thermodynamically stable NPs, we rationalize bimetallic mixing at the nanoscale and reveal metal-, size-, and temperature-dependent mixing behavior. Importantly, our method is applicable to any bimetallic NP size, bridging the materials gap in nanoscale simulations, and guides experimentation in the lab by elucidating stability, mixing, and detailed chemical ordering behavior of bimetallic NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Dean
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Michael J Cowan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jonathan Estes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mahmoud Ramadan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim CL, Lee JY, Shin DG, Yeo JS, Kim DE. Mechanism of Heat-Induced Fusion of Silver Nanowires. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9271. [PMID: 32518283 PMCID: PMC7283313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical changes in arranged silver nanowires were monitored during progressive heating inside a transmission electron microscope. Using the in-situ experimental method, overall variation of silver nanowires and movement of the silver atoms could be assessed. The physical morphology of silver nanowires was rapidly transformed above 350 °C as they fused with each other, which led to extrusion of the silver atoms. Around 550 °C, silver nanowires were almost fused into one, filling a relatively large void between silver nanowires. However, above 575 °C, the united silver nanowire was completely cut off, starting from the region that was suspected to have defects. For the first time, the fusion of arranged silver nanowires and the configurational changes of silver atoms during heating were visualized, and the migration between silver atoms and the damage mechanism of silver nanowires were assessed. Moreover, the relationship of physical morphology and electrical property of silver nanowires according to the temperature were investigated using the ex-situ experimental method. As silver nanowires started to split at 300 °C, the electrical conductivity deteriorated greatly. Beyond 350 °C, the electrical conductivity was completely lost while silver nanowires disintegrated rapidly, and silver nanowires completely disappeared at 450 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gap Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Eun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He B, Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen L. In‐situ Transmission Electron Microscope Techniques for Heterogeneous Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen He
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
- SynCat@BeijingSynfuels China Technology Co.Ltd Beijing 101407 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smirnov MY, Kalinkin AV, Bukhtiyarov VI. XPS Analysis of the Spacial Distribution of Metals in Au-Ag Bimetallic Particles Considering the Effect of Particle Size Distribution. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Smirnov MY, Kalinkin AV, Klembovsky IO, Bukhtiyarov VI. Changes in the Spatial Distribution of Metals Under the Influence of Reaction Medium in the System Formed by a Gold Film Supported on the Surface of a Silver Foil. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Giri D, Bankura A, Patra SK. Poly(benzodithieno-imidazole-alt-carbazole) based π-conjugated copolymers: Highly selective and sensitive turn-off fluorescent probes for Hg2+. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
17
|
Kelly D, Zhou M, Clark N, Hamer MJ, Lewis EA, Rakowski AM, Haigh SJ, Gorbachev RV. Nanometer Resolution Elemental Mapping in Graphene-Based TEM Liquid Cells. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1168-1174. [PMID: 29323499 PMCID: PMC5821409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new design of graphene liquid cell consisting of a thin lithographically patterned hexagonal boron nitride crystal encapsulated on both sides with graphene windows. The ultrathin window liquid cells produced have precisely controlled volumes and thicknesses and are robust to repeated vacuum cycling. This technology enables exciting new opportunities for liquid cell studies, providing a reliable platform for high resolution transmission electron microscope imaging and spectral mapping. The presence of water was confirmed using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) via the detection of the oxygen K-edge and measuring the thickness of full and empty cells. We demonstrate the imaging capabilities of these liquid cells by tracking the dynamic motion and interactions of small metal nanoparticles with diameters of 0.5-5 nm. We further present an order of magnitude improvement in the analytical capabilities compared to previous liquid cell data with 1 nm spatial resolution elemental mapping achievable for liquid encapsulated bimetallic nanoparticles using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
J. Kelly
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Nick Clark
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Hamer
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward A. Lewis
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexander M. Rakowski
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Haigh
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Roman V. Gorbachev
- School of Materials, School of Physics and Astronomy, and National Graphene
Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gholhaki S, Hung SH, Cant DJH, Blackmore CE, Shard AG, Guo Q, McKenna KP, Palmer RE. Exposure of mass-selected bimetallic Pt–Ti nanoalloys to oxygen explored using scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27276-27282. [PMID: 35539986 PMCID: PMC9083493 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of nanoparticles to exposure to ambient conditions and especially oxidation is fundamental to the application of nanotechnology. Bimetallic platinum–titanium nanoparticles of selected mass, 30 kDa and 90 kDa, were produced using a magnetron sputtering gas condensation cluster source and deposited onto amorphous carbon TEM grids. The nanoparticles were analysed with a Cs-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) in High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) mode. It was observed that prior to full Ti oxidation, Pt atoms were dispersed within a Ti shell. However, after full oxidation by prolonged exposure to ambient conditions prior to STEM, the smaller size 30 kDa particles form a single Pt core and the larger size 90 kDa particles exhibit a multi-core structure. Electron beam annealing induced a single core morphology in the larger particles. First principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to calculate the lowest energy structure of the Pt–Ti nanoparticles with and without the presence of oxygen. It was demonstrated that, as the concentration of oxygen increases, the lowest energy structure changes from dispersed Pt to multiple Pt cores and finally a single Pt core, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations. Theoretical and experimental morphology induced by oxidation of the Ti element.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Gholhaki
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
- National Physical Laboratory
| | | | | | | | | | - Quanmin Guo
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang YC, Slater TJA, Rodrigues TS, Camargo PHC, Haigh SJ. Automated quantification of morphology and chemistry from STEM data of individual nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/902/1/012018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Liu J, Yang L, Zhang H, Wang J, Huang Z. Ultraviolet-Visible Chiroptical Activity of Aluminum Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701112. [PMID: 28783232 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-resonant metals (e.g., aluminum) typically have low melting point to cause a fabrication difficulty in helical sculpture to generate plasmons with chiroptical activity in the UV region. In this work, using glancing angle deposition (GLAD), two new methods are devised to generate crystalline chiral Al nanostructures that have stable chiroptical response in the UV-visible region originating from intrinsic helical structures. One approach involves fast substrate rotation during GLAD to fabricate Al nanoparticles (AlNPs) with hidden helicity; another is to deposit an achiral Al thin film on a host of plasmonic chiral NPs, such that the helical structures are duplicated from the chiral host to the achiral guest of Al nanocappings. The host@guest helicity duplication is a new GLAD methodology to generate chiroptically active plasmons, which can be generally adapted to diverse plasmonic metals for tailoring plasmonic chiroptical activity flexibly in the UV-visible region. More importantly, this work offers those two new methods to generate UV-active plasmonic chiral substrates, which can markedly enhance chiroptical activity of biomolecules. It would open a door to develop surface-enhanced chiroptical spectroscopies for sensitively monitoring stereobiochemical information, which is of prominent interest in understanding a wide range of homochirality-determined biological phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, the Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing 3rd Road, South Zone, Hi-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Knez D, Thaler P, Volk A, Kothleitner G, Ernst WE, Hofer F. Transformation dynamics of Ni clusters into NiO rings under electron beam irradiation. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 176:105-111. [PMID: 28351552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the transformation of nickel clusters into NiO rings by an electron beam induced nanoscale Kirkendall effect. High-purity nickel clusters consisting of a few thousand atoms have been used as precursors and were synthesized with the superfluid helium droplet technique. Aberration-corrected, analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy was applied to oxidise and simultaneously analyse the nanostructures. The transient dynamics of the oxidation could be documented by time lapse series using high-angle annular dark-field imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. A two-step Cabrera-Mott oxidation mechanism was identified. It was found that water adsorbed adjacent to the clusters acts as oxygen source for the electron beam induced oxidation. The size-dependent oxidation rate was estimated by quantitative EELS measurements combined with molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings could serve to better control sample changes during examination in an electron microscope, and might provide a methodology to generate other metal oxide nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Knez
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Philipp Thaler
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Volk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Hofer
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Publisher's Note. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 174:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Costa JCS, Gonçalves RV, Teixeira-Neto É, Rossi LM. Temperature-Driven Restructuring of Silver on AuAg Porous Nanotubes: Impact on CO Oxidation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean C. S. Costa
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508-000 - SP Brazil
| | - Renato V. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369; São Carlos 13560-970, SP Brazil
| | - Érico Teixeira-Neto
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory; LNNano - CNPEM; P.O. box 6192 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Liane M. Rossi
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508-000 - SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
da Silva AGM, Rodrigues TS, Haigh SJ, Camargo PHC. Galvanic replacement reaction: recent developments for engineering metal nanostructures towards catalytic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7135-7148. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments to achieve further physicochemical control in metallic nanomaterials by galvanic replacement are discussed towards applications in catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson G. M. da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Thenner S. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Sarah J. Haigh
- School of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Pedro H. C. Camargo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yazdi S, Daniel JR, Large N, Schatz GC, Boudreau D, Ringe E. Reversible Shape and Plasmon Tuning in Hollow AgAu Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6939-6945. [PMID: 27704845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The internal structure of hollow AgAu nanorods created by partial galvanic replacement was manipulated reversibly, and its effect on optical properties was mapped with nanometer resolution. Using the electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscope to create solvated electrons and reactive radicals in an encapsulated solution-filled cavity in the nanorods, Ag ions were reduced nearby the electron beam, reshaping the core of the nanoparticles without affecting the external shape. The changes in plasmon-induced near-field properties were then mapped with electron energy-loss spectroscopy without disturbing the internal structure, and the results are supported by finite-difference time-domain calculations. This reversible shape and near-field control in a hollow nanoparticle actuated by an external stimulus introduces possibilities for applications in reprogrammable sensors, responsive materials, and optical memory units. Moreover, the liquid-filled nanorod cavity offers new opportunities for in situ microscopy of chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Josée R Daniel
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Department of Chemistry, Laval University , Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada , G1 V 0A6
| | - Nicolas Large
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Department of Chemistry, Laval University , Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada , G1 V 0A6
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
El Mel AA, Stephant N, Gautier R. Direct nanopatterning of polymer/silver nanoblocks under low energy electron beam irradiation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17108-17112. [PMID: 27714188 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we report on the growth, direct writing and nanopatterning of polymer/silver nanoblocks under low energy electron beam irradiation using a scanning electron microscope. The nanoblocks are produced by placing a droplet of an ethylene glycol solution containing silver nitrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone diluted in ethanol directly on a hot substrate heated up to 150 °C. Upon complete evaporation of the droplet, nanospheres, nano- and micro-triangles and nanoblocks made of silver-containing polymers, form over the substrate surface. Considering the nanoblocks as a model system, we demonstrate that such nanostructures are extremely sensitive to the e-beam extracted from the source of a scanning electron microscope operating at low acceleration voltages (between 5 and 7 kV). This sensitivity allows us to efficiently create various nanopatterns (e.g. arrays of holes, oblique slits and nanotrenches) in the material under e-beam irradiation. In addition to the possibility of writing, the nanoblocks revealed a self-healing ability allowing them to recover a relatively smooth surface after etching. Thanks to these properties, such nanomaterials can be used as a support for data writing and erasing on the nanoscale under low energy electron beam irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz El Mel
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 Rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France.
| | - Nicolas Stephant
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 Rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France.
| | - Romain Gautier
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 Rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodrigues TS, da Silva AGM, Gonçalves MC, Fajardo HV, Balzer R, Probst LFD, da Silva AHM, Assaf JM, Camargo PHC. Catalytic Properties of AgPt Nanoshells as a Function of Size: Larger Outer Diameters Lead to Improved Performances. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9371-9379. [PMID: 27556904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a systematic investigation on the effect of the size of silver (Ag) nanoparticles employed as starting materials over the morphological features and catalytic performances of AgPt nanoshells produced by a combination of galvanic replacement between Ag and PtCl6(2-) and PtCl6(2-) reduction by hydroquinone. More specifically, we focused on Ag nanoparticles of four different sizes as starting materials, and found that the outer diameter, shell thickness, and the number of Pt surface atoms of the produced nanoshells increased with the size of the starting Ag nanoparticles. The produced AgPt nanoshells were supported into SiO2, and the catalytic performances of the AgPt/SiO2 nanocatalysts toward the gas-phase oxidation of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene (BTX oxidation) followed the order: AgPt 163 nm/SiO2 > AgPt 133 nm/SiO2 > AgPt 105 nm/SiO2 > AgPt 95 nm/SiO2. Interestingly, bigger AgPt nanoshell sizes lead to better catalytic performances in contrast to the intuitive prediction that particles having larger outer diameters tend to present poorer catalytic activities due to their lower surface to volume ratios as compared to smaller particles. This is in agreement with the H2 chemisorption results, and can be assigned to the increase in the Pt surface area with size due to the presence of smaller NPs islands at the surface of the nanoshells having larger outer diameters. This result indicates that, in addition to the overall diameters, the optimization of the surface morphology may play an important role over the optimization of catalytic activities in metal-based nanocatalysts, which can be even more pronounced that the size effect. Our data demonstrate that the control over surface morphology play a very important role relative to the effect of size to the optimization of catalytic performances in catalysts based on noble-metal nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thenner S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson G M da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto V Fajardo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Rosana Balzer
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Luiz F D Probst
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Alisson H M da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Jose M Assaf
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Pedro H C Camargo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Slater TJA, Lewis EA, Haigh SJ. Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27403838 PMCID: PMC4993322 DOI: 10.3791/52815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy within the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides accurate elemental analysis with high spatial resolution, and is even capable of providing atomically resolved elemental maps. In this technique, a highly focused electron beam is incident upon a thin sample and the energy of emitted X-rays is measured in order to determine the atomic species of material within the beam path. This elementally sensitive spectroscopy technique can be extended to three dimensional tomographic imaging by acquiring multiple spectrum images with the sample tilted along an axis perpendicular to the electron beam direction. Elemental distributions within single nanoparticles are often important for determining their optical, catalytic and magnetic properties. Techniques such as X-ray tomography and slice and view energy dispersive X-ray mapping in the scanning electron microscope provide elementally sensitive three dimensional imaging but are typically limited to spatial resolutions of > 20 nm. Atom probe tomography provides near atomic resolution but preparing nanoparticle samples for atom probe analysis is often challenging. Thus, elementally sensitive techniques applied within the scanning transmission electron microscope are uniquely placed to study elemental distributions within nanoparticles of dimensions 10-100 nm. Here, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy within the STEM is applied to investigate the distribution of elements in single AgAu nanoparticles. The surface segregation of both Ag and Au, at different nanoparticle compositions, has been observed.
Collapse
|
29
|
El Mel AA, Bittencourt C. In situ conversion of nanostructures from solid to hollow in transmission electron microscopes using electron beam. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10876-84. [PMID: 27172892 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the current development of electron beam sources, the use of transmission electron microscopes is no more limited to imaging or chemical analysis but has rather been extended to nanoengineering. This includes the e-beam induced growth, etching and structural transformation of nanomaterials. In this review we summarize recent progress on the e-beam induced morphological transformation of nanostructures from solid to hollow. We provide a detailed account of the processes reported so far in the literature with a special emphasis on the mechanistic understanding of the e-beam induced hollowing of nanomaterials. Through an important number of examples, we discuss how one can achieve a precise control of such hollowing processes by understanding the fundamental mechanisms occurring at the atomic scale during the irradiation of solid nanostructures. Finally, we conclude with remarks and our own view on the prospective future directions of this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz El Mel
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mel AAE, Tessier PY, Buffiere M, Gautron E, Ding J, Du K, Choi CH, Konstantinidis S, Snyders R, Bittencourt C, Molina-Luna L. Controlling the Formation of Nanocavities in Kirkendall Nanoobjects through Sequential Thermal Ex Situ Oxidation and In Situ Reduction Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2885-2892. [PMID: 27061060 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the porosity, the shape, and the morphology of Kirkendall hollow nanostructures is the key factor to tune the properties of these tailor-made nanomaterials which allow in turn broadening their applications. It is shown that by applying a continuous oxidation to copper nanowires following a temperature ramp protocol, one can synthesize cuprous oxide nanotubes containing periodic copper nanoparticles. A further oxidation of such nanoobjects allows obtaining cupric oxide nanotubes with a bamboo-like structure. On the other hand, by applying a sequential oxidation and reduction reactions to copper nanowires, one can synthesize hollow nanoobjects with complex shapes and morphologies that cannot be obtained using the Kirkendall effect alone, such as necklace-like cuprous oxide nanotubes, periodic solid copper nanoparticles or hollow cuprous oxide nanospheres interconnected with single crystal cuprous oxide nanorods, and aligned and periodic hollow nanospheres embedded in a cuprous oxide nanotube. The strategy demonstrated in this study opens new avenues for the engineering of hollow nanostructures with potential applications in gas sensing, catalysis, and energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz El Mel
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Tessier
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marie Buffiere
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Ben Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eric Gautron
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - JunJun Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Chang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Rony Snyders
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Department of Materials- and Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Pfannmöller M, Heidari H, Nanson L, Lozman OR, Chrapa M, Offermans T, Nisato G, Bals S. Quantitative Tomography of Organic Photovoltaic Blends at the Nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6634-42. [PMID: 26390367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The success of semiconducting organic materials has enabled green technologies for electronics, lighting, and photovoltaics. However, when blended together, these materials have also raised novel fundamental questions with respect to electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties. This is particularly important for organic photovoltaic cells based on the bulk heterojunction. Here, the distribution of nanoscale domains plays a crucial role depending on the specific device structure. Hence, correlation of the aforementioned properties requires 3D nanoscale imaging of materials domains, which are embedded in a multilayer device. Such visualization has so far been elusive due to lack of contrast, insufficient signal, or resolution limits. In this Letter, we introduce spectral scanning transmission electron tomography for reconstruction of entire volume plasmon spectra from rod-shaped specimens. We provide 3D structural correlations and compositional mapping at a resolution of approximately 7 nm within advanced organic photovoltaic tandem cells. Novel insights that are obtained from quantitative 3D analyses reveal that efficiency loss upon thermal annealing can be attributed to subtle, fundamental blend properties. These results are invaluable in guiding the design and optimization of future devices in plastic electronics applications and provide an empirical basis for modeling and simulation of organic solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pfannmöller
- EMAT-University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H Heidari
- EMAT-University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Nanson
- Chilworth Technical Centre, Merck Chemicals Ltd. , University Parkway, Southampton SO16 7QD, U.K
| | - O R Lozman
- Chilworth Technical Centre, Merck Chemicals Ltd. , University Parkway, Southampton SO16 7QD, U.K
| | - M Chrapa
- Thin Film Optics Division, CSEM , Tramstrasse 99, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - T Offermans
- Thin Film Optics Division, CSEM , Tramstrasse 99, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - G Nisato
- Thin Film Optics Division, CSEM , Tramstrasse 99, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - S Bals
- EMAT-University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
da Silva AGM, Lewis EA, Rodrigues TS, Slater TJA, Alves RS, Haigh SJ, Camargo PHC. Surface Segregated AgAu Tadpole-Shaped Nanoparticles Synthesized Via a Single Step Combined Galvanic and Citrate Reduction Reaction. Chemistry 2015; 21:12314-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
34
|
El Mel AA, Nakamura R, Bittencourt C. The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1348-61. [PMID: 26199838 PMCID: PMC4505174 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hollow nanostructures are ranked among the top materials for applications in various modern technological areas including energy storage devices, catalyst, optics and sensors. The last years have witnessed increasing interest in the Kirkendall effect as a versatile route to fabricate hollow nanostructures with different shapes, compositions and functionalities. Although the conversion chemistry of nanostructures from solid to hollow has reached a very advanced maturity, there is still much to be discovered and learned on this effect. Here, the recent progress on the use of the Kirkendall effect to synthesize hollow nanospheres and nanotubes is reviewed with a special emphasis on the fundamental mechanisms occurring during such a conversion process. The discussion includes the oxidation of metal nanostructures (i.e., nanospheres and nanowires), which is an important process involving the Kirkendall effect. For nanospheres, the symmetrical and the asymmetrical mechanisms are both reviewed and compared on the basis of recent reports in the literature. For nanotubes, in addition to a summary of the conversion processes, the unusual effects observed in some particular cases (e.g., formation of segmented or bamboo-like nanotubes) are summarized and discussed. Finally, we conclude with a summary, where the prospective future direction of this research field is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Aziz El Mel
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Ryusuke Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng L, Van Duyne RP, Marks LD. Strain-Induced Segregation in Bimetallic Multiply Twinned Particles. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1930-1934. [PMID: 26263272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the possibility of strain-induced segregation in bimetallic multiply twinned particles by an analytic first-order expansion within a continuum model. The results indicate that while the change in free energy may be small, there will be a noticeable segregation of larger atoms to the external surface and smaller ones to the core, which could have interesting effects when such nanoparticles are used as heterogeneous catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Peng
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard P Van Duyne
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Laurence D Marks
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
High-value utilization of egg shell to synthesize Silver and Gold-Silver core shell nanoparticles and their application for the degradation of hazardous dyes from aqueous phase-A green approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 453:115-131. [PMID: 25978558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The common household material, egg shell of Anas platyrhynchos is utilized for the synthesis of Silver and Gold-Silver core shell nanoparticles using greener, environment friendly and economic way. The egg shell extracts were acting as a stabilizing and reducing agents. This method avoids the use of external reducing and stabilizing agents, templates and solvents. The effects of various reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, concentration in the formation of nanoparticles have also been investigated. The compositional abundance of gelatin may be envisaged for the effective reductive as well as stabilizing potency. The mechanisms for the formation of NPs have also been presented. The synthesized Ag NPs formed were predominantly spherical in nature with an average size of particles in the range of 6-26 nm. While, Au-Ag core shell nanoparticles formed were spherical and oval shaped, within a narrow size spectrum of 9-18 nm. Both the Ag NPs Au-and Ag core shell nanoparticles showed characteristic Bragg's reflection planes of fcc structure and surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm and 365 nm, respectively. The NPs were utilized for the removal of toxic and hazardous dyes, such as Rose Bengal, Methyl Violet 6 B and Methylene Blue from aqueous phase. Approximately 98.2%, 98.4% and 97% degradations of Rose Bengal, Methyl Violet 6 B, and Methylene Blue were observed with Ag NPs, while the percentage degradation of these dyes was 97.3%, 97.6% and 96% with Au-Ag NPs, respectively. Therefore, the present study has opened up an innovative way for synthesizing Ag NPs and Au-Ag bimetallic nanostructures of different morphologies and sizes involving the utilization of egg shell extract. The high efficiency of the NPs as photocatalysts has opened a promising application for the removal of hazardous dyes from the industrial effluents.
Collapse
|