1
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Nguyen QLD, Simoni J, Dorney KM, Shi X, Ellis JL, Brooks NJ, Hickstein DD, Grennell AG, Yazdi S, Campbell EEB, Tan LZ, Prendergast D, Daligault J, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM. Direct Observation of Enhanced Electron-Phonon Coupling in Copper Nanoparticles in the Warm-Dense Matter Regime. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:085101. [PMID: 37683150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Warm dense matter (WDM) represents a highly excited state that lies at the intersection of solids, plasmas, and liquids and that cannot be described by equilibrium theories. The transient nature of this state when created in a laboratory, as well as the difficulties in probing the strongly coupled interactions between the electrons and the ions, make it challenging to develop a complete understanding of matter in this regime. In this work, by exciting isolated ∼8 nm copper nanoparticles with a femtosecond laser below the ablation threshold, we create uniformly excited WDM. Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we measure the instantaneous electron temperature and extract the electron-ion coupling of the nanoparticle as it undergoes a solid-to-WDM phase transition. By comparing with state-of-the-art theories, we confirm that the superheated nanoparticles lie at the boundary between hot solids and plasmas, with associated strong electron-ion coupling. This is evidenced both by a fast energy loss of electrons to ions, and a strong modulation of the electron temperature induced by strong acoustic breathing modes that change the nanoparticle volume. This work demonstrates a new route for experimental exploration of the exotic properties of WDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh L D Nguyen
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jacopo Simoni
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin M Dorney
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xun Shi
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ellis
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Nathan J Brooks
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., 4775 Walnut St #102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Amanda G Grennell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309 80309, USA
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eleanor E B Campbell
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, Edinburgh University, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jerome Daligault
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., 4775 Walnut St #102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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2
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Rana A, Liao CT, Iacocca E, Zou J, Pham M, Lu X, Subramanian EEC, Lo YH, Ryan SA, Bevis CS, Karl RM, Glaid AJ, Rable J, Mahale P, Hirst J, Ostler T, Liu W, O'Leary CM, Yu YS, Bustillo K, Ohldag H, Shapiro DA, Yazdi S, Mallouk TE, Osher SJ, Kapteyn HC, Crespi VH, Badding JV, Tserkovnyak Y, Murnane MM, Miao J. Three-dimensional topological magnetic monopoles and their interactions in a ferromagnetic meta-lattice. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:227-232. [PMID: 36690739 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Topological magnetic monopoles (TMMs), also known as hedgehogs or Bloch points, are three-dimensional (3D) non-local spin textures that are robust to thermal and quantum fluctuations due to the topology protection1-4. Although TMMs have been observed in skyrmion lattices1,5, spinor Bose-Einstein condensates6,7, chiral magnets8, vortex rings2,9 and vortex cores10, it has been difficult to directly measure the 3D magnetization vector field of TMMs and probe their interactions at the nanoscale. Here we report the creation of 138 stable TMMs at the specific sites of a ferromagnetic meta-lattice at room temperature. We further develop soft X-ray vector ptycho-tomography to determine the magnetization vector and emergent magnetic field of the TMMs with a 3D spatial resolution of 10 nm. This spatial resolution is comparable to the magnetic exchange length of transition metals11, enabling us to probe monopole-monopole interactions. We find that the TMM and anti-TMM pairs are separated by 18.3 ± 1.6 nm, while the TMM and TMM, and anti-TMM and anti-TMM pairs are stabilized at comparatively longer distances of 36.1 ± 2.4 nm and 43.1 ± 2.0 nm, respectively. We also observe virtual TMMs created by magnetic voids in the meta-lattice. This work demonstrates that ferromagnetic meta-lattices could be used as a platform to create and investigate the interactions and dynamics of TMMs. Furthermore, we expect that soft X-ray vector ptycho-tomography can be broadly applied to quantitatively image 3D vector fields in magnetic and anisotropic materials at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Rana
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Liao
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ezio Iacocca
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Ji Zou
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minh Pham
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xingyuan Lu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Emma-Elizabeth Cating Subramanian
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yuan Hung Lo
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sinéad A Ryan
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Charles S Bevis
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert M Karl
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew J Glaid
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rable
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Pratibha Mahale
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Hirst
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Ostler
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - William Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Colum M O'Leary
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Young-Sang Yu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Karen Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hendrik Ohldag
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David A Shapiro
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanley J Osher
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - John V Badding
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tserkovnyak
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA.
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3
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Knobloch JL, McBennett B, Bevis CS, Yazdi S, Frazer TD, Adak A, Nelson EE, Hernández-Charpak JN, Cheng HY, Grede AJ, Mahale P, Nova NN, Giebink NC, Mallouk TE, Badding JV, Kapteyn HC, Abad B, Murnane MM. Structural and Elastic Properties of Empty-Pore Metalattices Extracted via Nondestructive Coherent Extreme UV Scatterometry and Electron Tomography. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41316-41327. [PMID: 36054507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor metalattices consisting of a linked network of three-dimensional nanostructures with periodicities on a length scale <100 nm can enable tailored functional properties due to their complex nanostructuring. For example, by controlling both the porosity and pore size, thermal transport in these phononic metalattices can be tuned, making them promising candidates for efficient thermoelectrics or thermal rectifiers. Thus, the ability to characterize the porosity, and other physical properties, of metalattices is critical but challenging, due to their nanoscale structure and thickness. To date, only metalattices with high porosities, close to the close-packing fraction of hard spheres, have been studied experimentally. Here, we characterize the porosity, thickness, and elastic properties of a low-porosity, empty-pore silicon metalattice film (∼500 nm thickness) with periodic spherical pores (∼tens of nanometers), for the first time. We use laser-driven nanoscale surface acoustic waves probed by extreme ultraviolet scatterometry to nondestructively measure the acoustic dispersion in these thin silicon metalattice layers. By comparing the data to finite element models of the metalattice sample, we can extract Young's modulus and porosity. Moreover, by controlling the acoustic wave penetration depth, we can also determine the metalattice layer thickness and verify the substrate properties. Additionally, we utilize electron tomography images of the metalattice to verify the geometry and validate the porosity extracted from scatterometry. These advanced characterization techniques are critical for informed and iterative fabrication of energy-efficient devices based on nanostructured metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Knobloch
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brendan McBennett
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles S Bevis
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute and the Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Travis D Frazer
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Amitava Adak
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Emma E Nelson
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jorge N Hernández-Charpak
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hiu Y Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alex J Grede
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pratibha Mahale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nabila Nabi Nova
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Noel C Giebink
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John V Badding
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- KMLabs Incorporated, 4775 Walnut Street, Building 102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Begoña Abad
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- Department of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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4
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Pham HTB, Choi JY, Huang S, Wang X, Claman A, Stodolka M, Yazdi S, Sharma S, Zhang W, Park J. Imparting Functionality and Enhanced Surface Area to a 2D Electrically Conductive MOF via Macrocyclic Linker. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10615-10621. [PMID: 35653721 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of 2D electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (EC-MOFs) has significantly expanded the scope of MOFs' applications into energy storage, electrocatalysis, and sensors. Despite growing interest in EC-MOFs, they often show low surface area and lack functionality due to the limited ligand motifs available. Herein we present a new EC-MOF using 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexahydroxyltribenzocyclyne (HHTC) linker and Cu nodes, featuring a large surface area. The MOF exhibits an electrical conductivity up to 3.02 × 10-3 S/cm and a surface area up to 1196 m2/g, unprecedentedly high for 2D EC-MOFs. We also demonstrate the utilization of alkyne functionality in the framework by postsynthetically hosting heterometal ions (e.g., Ni2+, Co2+). Additionally, we investigated particle size tunability, facilitating the study of size-property relationships. We believe that these results not only contribute to expanding the library of EC-MOFs but shed light on the new opportunities to explore electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai T B Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ji Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xubo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Adam Claman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael Stodolka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Blanchette Z, Zhang J, Yazdi S, Griffin M, Schwartz DK, Medlin W. Investigating deposition sequence during synthesis of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts modified with organic monolayers. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modification of supported metal catalysts with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been shown to improve selectivity and turnover frequencies (TOFs) for many catalytic reactions. However, these benefits are often accompanied by...
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6
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Metzroth LJT, Miller EM, Norman AG, Yazdi S, Carroll GM. Accelerating Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption Rates in Palladium Nanocubes with an Ultrathin Surface Modification. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9131-9137. [PMID: 34676756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials to store energy in the form of electrochemical alloys is an exceptionally promising route for achieving high-rate energy storage and delivery. Nanoscale palladium hydride is an excellent model system for understanding how nanoscale-specific properties affect the absorption and desorption of energy carrying equivalents. Hydrogen absorption and desorption in shape-controlled Pd nanostructures does not occur uniformly across the entire nanoparticle surface. Instead, hydrogen absorption and desorption proceed selectively through high-activity sites at the corners and edges. Such a mechanism hinders the hydrogen absorption rates and greatly reduces the benefit of nanoscaling the dimensions of the palladium. To solve this, we modify the surface of palladium with an ultrathin platinum shell. This modification nearly removes the barrier for hydrogen absorption (89 kJ/mol without a Pt shell and 1.8 kJ/mol with a Pt shell) and enables diffusion through the entire Pd/Pt surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J T Metzroth
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew G Norman
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gerard Michael Carroll
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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7
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Martin JS, Zeng X, Chen X, Miller C, Han C, Lin Y, Yamamoto N, Wang X, Yazdi S, Yan Y, Beard MC, Yan Y. A Nanocrystal Catalyst Incorporating a Surface Bound Transition Metal to Induce Photocatalytic Sequential Electron Transfer Events. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11361-11369. [PMID: 34286970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is less common but can provide unique avenues for inducing novel chemical transformations and can also be utilized for energy transductions, i.e., the energy in the photons can be captured in chemical bonds. Here, we developed a novel heterogeneous photocatalytic system that employs a lead-halide perovskite nanocrystal (NC) to capture photons and direct photogenerated holes to a surface bound transition metal Cu-site, resulting in a N-N heterocyclization reaction. The reaction starts from surface coordinated diamine substrates and requires two subsequent photo-oxidation events per reaction cycle. We establish a photocatalytic pathway that incorporates sequential inner sphere electron transfer events, photons absorbed by the NC generate holes that are sequentially funneled to the Cu-surface site to perform the reaction. The photocatalyst is readily prepared via a controlled cation-exchange reaction and provides new opportunities in photodriven heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan San Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States.,College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Xihan Chen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Collin Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Chuang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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8
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Tanksalvala M, Porter CL, Esashi Y, Wang B, Jenkins NW, Zhang Z, Miley GP, Knobloch JL, McBennett B, Horiguchi N, Yazdi S, Zhou J, Jacobs MN, Bevis CS, Karl RM, Johnsen P, Ren D, Waller L, Adams DE, Cousin SL, Liao CT, Miao J, Gerrity M, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM. Nondestructive, high-resolution, chemically specific 3D nanostructure characterization using phase-sensitive EUV imaging reflectometry. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/5/eabd9667. [PMID: 33571123 PMCID: PMC7840142 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation nano- and quantum devices have increasingly complex 3D structure. As the dimensions of these devices shrink to the nanoscale, their performance is often governed by interface quality or precise chemical or dopant composition. Here, we present the first phase-sensitive extreme ultraviolet imaging reflectometer. It combines the excellent phase stability of coherent high-harmonic sources, the unique chemical sensitivity of extreme ultraviolet reflectometry, and state-of-the-art ptychography imaging algorithms. This tabletop microscope can nondestructively probe surface topography, layer thicknesses, and interface quality, as well as dopant concentrations and profiles. High-fidelity imaging was achieved by implementing variable-angle ptychographic imaging, by using total variation regularization to mitigate noise and artifacts in the reconstructed image, and by using a high-brightness, high-harmonic source with excellent intensity and wavefront stability. We validate our measurements through multiscale, multimodal imaging to show that this technique has unique advantages compared with other techniques based on electron and scanning probe microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tanksalvala
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Christina L Porter
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Yuka Esashi
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Bin Wang
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas W Jenkins
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Galen P Miley
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joshua L Knobloch
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brendan McBennett
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jihan Zhou
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystem Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew N Jacobs
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Charles S Bevis
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Robert M Karl
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Peter Johnsen
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - David Ren
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Laura Waller
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel E Adams
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Seth L Cousin
- KMLabs Inc., 4775 Walnut St. #102, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Liao
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jianwei Miao
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystem Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Gerrity
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- KMLabs Inc., 4775 Walnut St. #102, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- STROBE Science and Technology Center, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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9
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Huang S, Hu Y, Tan LL, Wan S, Yazdi S, Jin Y, Zhang W. Highly C2/C1-Selective Covalent Organic Frameworks Substituted with Azo Groups. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:51517-51522. [PMID: 33158360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of covalent organic frameworks substituted with azo groups (AzoCOFs) have been synthesized via imine condensation. The obtained frameworks show crystallinity and high stability. More importantly, the AzoCOFs exhibit exceptionally high ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) selectivity in adsorption of C2H2 (35-2891) over CH4 at 273 K and 1 bar, owing to the favorable interactions between azo groups and acetylene molecules. The dependence of the gas adsorption property on pore size and polarity of the frameworks was also studied. The triethylene glycol substituted Tg-AzoCOF shows the highest C2H2/CH4 selectivity (IAST selectivity of 2891), which represents the highest reported for all porous materials. The AzoCOFs also exhibit high IAST adsorption selectivity of C2H4/CH4 (11-20), C2H6/CH4 (15-22), and CO2/CH4 (12-37), which is comparable with most porous materials, thus showing their great potential in gas separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Li-Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shun Wan
- NCO Technologies, Longmont, Colorado 80501, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yinghua Jin
- NCO Technologies, Longmont, Colorado 80501, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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10
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Lopato EM, Eikey EA, Simon ZC, Back S, Tran K, Lewis J, Kowalewski JF, Yazdi S, Kitchin JR, Ulissi ZW, Millstone JE, Bernhard S. Parallelized Screening of Characterized and DFT-Modeled Bimetallic Colloidal Cocatalysts for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Lopato
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Emily A. Eikey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zoe C. Simon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Seoin Back
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jacqueline Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jakub F. Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - John R. Kitchin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zachary W. Ulissi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jill E. Millstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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11
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Park E, Jack J, Hu Y, Wan S, Huang S, Jin Y, Maness PC, Yazdi S, Ren Z, Zhang W. Covalent organic framework-supported platinum nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts for water reduction. Nanoscale 2020; 12:2596-2602. [PMID: 31939958 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09112b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the most effective and sustainable ways to produce hydrogen gas as an alternative clean fuel. The rate of this electrocatalytic reaction is highly dependent on the properties (dispersity and stability) of electrocatalysts. Herein, we developed well-dispersed and highly stable platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) supported on a covalent organic framework (COF-bpyTPP), which exhibit excellent catalytic activities toward HER as well as the hydride reduction reaction. The nanoparticles have an average size of 2.95 nm and show superior catalytic performance compared to the commercially available Pt/C under the same alkaline conditions, producing 13 times more hydrogen with a far more positive onset potential (-0.13 V vs.-0.63 V) and ca. 100% faradaic efficiency. The reaction rate of the hydride reduction of 4-nitrophenol was also 10 times faster in the case of PtNPs@COF compared to the commercial Pt/C under the same loading and conditions. More importantly, the PtNPs@COF are highly stable under the aqueous reactions conditions and can be reused without showing noticeable aggregation and activity degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsol Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Joshua Jack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. and National Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Shun Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | | | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ren
- National Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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12
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Prochaska L, Li X, MacFarland DC, Andrews AM, Bonta M, Bianco EF, Yazdi S, Schrenk W, Detz H, Limbeck A, Si Q, Ringe E, Strasser G, Kono J, Paschen S. Singular charge fluctuations at a magnetic quantum critical point. Science 2020; 367:285-288. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Prochaska
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technischen Universität (TU) Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - X. Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - D. C. MacFarland
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technischen Universität (TU) Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. M. Andrews
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Bonta
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. F. Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - S. Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - W. Schrenk
- Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - H. Detz
- Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q. Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Quantum Materials, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - E. Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - G. Strasser
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Quantum Materials, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - S. Paschen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technischen Universität (TU) Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Quantum Materials, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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13
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Radhakrishnan S, Das D, Deng L, Sudeep PM, Colas G, de Los Reyes CA, Yazdi S, Chu CW, Martí AA, Tiwary CS, Filleter T, Singh AK, Ajayan PM. An Insight into the Phase Transformation of WS 2 upon Fluorination. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1803366. [PMID: 30239044 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transformation from semiconducting to metallic phase, accompanied by a structural transition in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides has attracted the attention of the researchers worldwide. The unconventional structural transformation of fluorinated WS2 (FWS2 ) into the 1T phase is described. The energy difference between the two phases debugs this transition, as fluorination enhances the stability of 1T FWS2 and makes it energetically favorable at higher F concentration. Investigation of the electronic and optical nature of FWS2 is supplemented by possible band structures and bandgap calculations. Magnetic centers in the 1T phase appear in FWS2 possibly due to the introduction of defect sites. A direct consequence of the phase transition and associated increase in interlayer spacing is a change in friction behavior. Friction force microscopy is used to determine this effect of functionalization accompanied phase transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Deya Das
- Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Liangzi Deng
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Parambath M Sudeep
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Colas
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G8, Canada
| | | | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Ching Wu Chu
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Angel A Martí
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tobin Filleter
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G8, Canada
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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14
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Meiyazhagan A, Aliyan A, Ayyappan A, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Susarla S, Yazdi S, Cuanalo-Contreras K, Khabashesku VN, Vajtai R, Martí AA, Ajayan PM. Soft-Lithographic Patterning of Luminescent Carbon Nanodots Derived from Collagen Waste. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:36275-36283. [PMID: 30270613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent carbon dots (Cdots) synthesized using inexpensive precursors have inspired tremendous research interest because of their superior properties and applicability in various fields. In this work, we report a simple, economical, green route for the synthesis of multifunctional fluorescent Cdots prepared from a natural, low-cost source: collagen extracted from animal skin wastes. The as-synthesized metal-free Cdots were found to be in the size range of ∼1.2-9 nm, emitting bright blue photoluminescence with a calculated Cdot yield of ∼63%. Importantly, the soft-lithographic method used was inexpensive and yielded a variety of Cdot patterns with different geometrical structures and significant cellular biocompatibility. This novel approach to Cdot production highlights innovative ways of transforming industrial biowastes into advanced multifunctional materials which offer exciting potential for applications in nanophotonics and nanobiotechnology using a simple and scalable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | | | | | - Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Valery N Khabashesku
- Center for Technology Innovation , Baker Hughes Inc. , Houston , Texas 77040 , United States
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15
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Abstract
Nanoparticles of some metals (Cu/Ag/Au) sustain oscillations of their electron cloud called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). These resonances can occur at optical frequencies and be driven by light, generating enhanced electric fields and spectacular photon scattering. However, current plasmonic metals are rare, expensive, and have a limited resonant frequency range. Recently, much attention has been focused on earth-abundant Al, but Al nanoparticles cannot resonate in the IR. The earth-abundant Mg nanoparticles reported here surmount this limitation. A colloidal synthesis forms hexagonal nanoplates, reflecting Mg's simple hexagonal lattice. The NPs form a thin self-limiting oxide layer that renders them stable suspended in 2-propanol solution for months and dry in air for at least two week. They sustain LSPRs observable in the far-field by optical scattering spectroscopy. Electron energy loss spectroscopy experiments and simulations reveal multiple size-dependent resonances with energies across the UV, visible, and IR. The symmetry of the modes and their interaction with the underlying substrate are studied using numerical methods. Colloidally synthesized Mg thus offers a route to inexpensive, stable nanoparticles with novel shapes and resonances spanning the entire UV-vis-NIR spectrum, making them a flexible addition to the nanoplasmonics toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street , Cambridge CB2 1PZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge CB2 3EQ , United Kingdom
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16
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Abstract
We show that thermoelectric materials can function as electrocatalysts and use thermoelectric voltage generated to initiate and boost electrocatalytic reactions. The electrocatalytic activity is promoted by the use of nanostructured thermoelectric materials in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by the thermoelectricity generated from induced temperature gradients. This phenomenon is demonstrated using two-dimensional layered thermoelectric materials Sb2Te3 and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 where a current density approaching ∼50 mA/cm2 is produced at zero potential for Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 in the presence of a temperature gradient of 90 °C. In addition, the turnover frequency reaches to 2.7 s-1 at 100 mV under this condition which was zero in the absence of temperature gradient. This result adds a new dimension to the properties of thermoelectric materials which has not been explored before and can be applied in the field of electrocatalysis and energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiva Sharifi
- Department of Physics, Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Cristiano F Woellner
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas , Campinas SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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17
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Swearer DF, Leary RK, Newell R, Yazdi S, Robatjazi H, Zhang Y, Renard D, Nordlander P, Midgley PA, Halas NJ, Ringe E. Transition-Metal Decorated Aluminum Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2017; 11:10281-10288. [PMID: 28945360 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, aluminum has been established as an earth-abundant alternative to gold and silver for plasmonic applications. Particularly, aluminum nanocrystals have shown to be promising plasmonic photocatalysts, especially when coupled with catalytic metals or oxides into "antenna-reactor" heterostructures. Here, a simple polyol synthesis is presented as a flexible route to produce aluminum nanocrystals decorated with eight varieties of size-tunable transition-metal nanoparticle islands, many of which have precedence as heterogeneous catalysts. High-resolution and three-dimensional structural analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography shows that abundant nanoparticle island decoration in the catalytically relevant few-nanometer size range can be achieved, with many islands spaced closely to their neighbors. When coupled with the Al nanocrystal plasmonic antenna, these small decorating islands will experience increased light absorption and strong hot-spot generation. This combination makes transition-metal decorated aluminum nanocrystals a promising material platform to develop plasmonic photocatalysis, surface-enhanced spectroscopies, and quantum plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowan K Leary
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhang C, Sha J, Fei H, Liu M, Yazdi S, Zhang J, Zhong Q, Zou X, Zhao N, Yu H, Jiang Z, Ringe E, Yakobson BI, Dong J, Chen D, Tour JM. Single-Atomic Ruthenium Catalytic Sites on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Medium. ACS Nano 2017; 11:6930-6941. [PMID: 28656759 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential in the electrochemical energy conversion of fuel cells. Here, through the NH3 atmosphere annealing of a graphene oxide (GO) precursor containing trace amounts of Ru, we have synthesized atomically dispersed Ru on nitrogen-doped graphene that performs as an electrocatalyst for the ORR in acidic medium. The Ru/nitrogen-doped GO catalyst exhibits excellent four-electron ORR activity, offering onset and half-wave potentials of 0.89 and 0.75 V, respectively, vs a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 M HClO4, together with better durability and tolerance toward methanol and carbon monoxide poisoning than seen in commercial Pt/C catalysts. X-ray adsorption fine structure analysis and aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy are performed and indicate that the chemical structure of Ru is predominantly composed of isolated Ru atoms coordinated with nitrogen atoms on the graphene substrate. Furthermore, a density function theory study of the ORR mechanism suggests that a Ru-oxo-N4 structure appears to be responsible for the ORR catalytic activity in the acidic medium. These findings provide a route for the design of efficient ORR single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junwei Sha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300350, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Naiqin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | | | | | - Juncai Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Agrawal A, Singh A, Yazdi S, Singh A, Ong GK, Bustillo K, Johns RW, Ringe E, Milliron DJ. Resonant Coupling between Molecular Vibrations and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Faceted Metal Oxide Nanocrystals. Nano Lett 2017; 17:2611-2620. [PMID: 28337921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Doped metal oxides are plasmonic materials that boast both synthetic and postsynthetic spectral tunability. They have already enabled promising smart window and optoelectronic technologies and have been proposed for use in surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) and sensing applications. Herein, we report the first step toward realization of the former utilizing cubic F and Sn codoped In2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) to couple to the C-H vibration of surface-bound oleate ligands. Electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to map the strong near-field enhancement around these NCs that enables localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling between adjacent nanocrystals and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and finite element simulations are applied to observe and explain the nature of the coupling phenomena, specifically addressing coupling in mesoscale assembled films. The Fano line shape signatures of LSPR-coupled molecular vibrations are rationalized with two-port temporal coupled mode theory. With this combined theoretical and experimental approach, we describe the influence of coupling strength and relative detuning between the molecular vibration and LSPR on the enhancement factor and further explain the basis of the observed Fano line shape by deconvoluting the combined response of the LSPR and molecular vibration in transmission, absorption and reflection. This study therefore illustrates various factors involved in determining the LSPR-LSPR and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling for metal oxide materials and provides a fundamental basis for the design of sensing or SEIRA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agrawal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- The Molecular Foundry and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amita Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gary K Ong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen Bustillo
- The Molecular Foundry and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert W Johns
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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20
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Chen Y, Trier F, Kasama T, Christensen DV, Bovet N, Balogh ZI, Li H, Thydén KTS, Zhang W, Yazdi S, Norby P, Pryds N, Linderoth S. Correction to Creation of High Mobility Two-Dimensional Electron Gases via Strain Induced Polarization at an Otherwise Nonpolar Complex Oxide Interface. Nano Lett 2017; 17:2738. [PMID: 28267334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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21
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Abstract
The internal structure of hollow AgAu nanorods created by partial galvanic replacement was manipulated reversibly, and its effect on optical properties was mapped with nanometer resolution. Using the electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscope to create solvated electrons and reactive radicals in an encapsulated solution-filled cavity in the nanorods, Ag ions were reduced nearby the electron beam, reshaping the core of the nanoparticles without affecting the external shape. The changes in plasmon-induced near-field properties were then mapped with electron energy-loss spectroscopy without disturbing the internal structure, and the results are supported by finite-difference time-domain calculations. This reversible shape and near-field control in a hollow nanoparticle actuated by an external stimulus introduces possibilities for applications in reprogrammable sensors, responsive materials, and optical memory units. Moreover, the liquid-filled nanorod cavity offers new opportunities for in situ microscopy of chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Josée R Daniel
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Department of Chemistry, Laval University , Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada , G1 V 0A6
| | - Nicolas Large
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Department of Chemistry, Laval University , Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada , G1 V 0A6
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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22
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Thevamaran R, Lawal O, Yazdi S, Jeon SJ, Lee JH, Thomas EL. Dynamic creation and evolution of gradient nanostructure in single-crystal metallic microcubes. Science 2016; 354:312-316. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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23
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Leary RK, Kumar A, Straney P, Collins SM, Yazdi S, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Midgley PA, Millstone JE, Ringe E. Structural and Optical Properties of Discrete Dendritic Pt Nanoparticles on Colloidal Au Nanoprisms. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2016; 120:20843-20851. [PMID: 27688821 PMCID: PMC5036133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic and optical properties can be coupled by combining different metals into nanoscale architectures in which both the shape and the composition provide fine-tuning of functionality. Here, discrete, small Pt nanoparticles (diameter = 3-6 nm) were grown in linear arrays on Au nanoprisms, and the resulting structures are shown to retain strong localized surface plasmon resonances. Multidimensional electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron tomography, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy) were used to unravel their local composition, three-dimensional morphology, growth patterns, and optical properties. The composition and tomographic analyses disclose otherwise ambiguous details of the Pt-decorated Au nanoprisms, revealing that both pseudospherical protrusions and dendritic Pt nanoparticles grow on all faces of the nanoprisms (the faceted or occasionally twisted morphologies of which are also revealed), and shed light on the alignment of the Pt nanoparticles. The electron energy-loss spectroscopy investigations show that the Au nanoprisms support multiple localized surface plasmon resonances despite the presence of pendant Pt nanoparticles. The plasmonic fields at the surface of the nanoprisms indeed extend into the Pt nanoparticles, opening possibilities for combined optical and catalytic applications. These insights pave the way toward comprehensive nanoengineering of multifunctional bimetallic nanostructures, with potential applications in plasmon-enhanced catalysis and in situ monitoring of chemical processes via surface-enhanced spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan K. Leary
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- R.K.L.: e-mail, ; phone, +44-1223-34597
| | - Anjli Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Patrick
J. Straney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sean M. Collins
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre
for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C) and Peter Grünberg
Institute (PGI-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Paul A. Midgley
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Jill E. Millstone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- J.E.M.: e-mail, ; phone, +1-412-648-4153
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- E.R.: e-mail, ; phone, +1-713-348-2582
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24
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Abstract
Lipid membranes and membrane proteins are important biosensing targets, motivating the development of label-free methods with improved sensitivity. Silica-coated metal nanoparticles allow these systems to be combined with supported lipid bilayers for sensing membrane proteins through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, the small sensing volume of LSPR makes the thickness of the silica layer critical for performance. Here, we develop a simple, inexpensive, and rapid sol-gel method for preparing thin conformal, continuous silica films and demonstrate its applicability using gold nanodisk arrays with LSPRs in the near-infrared range. Silica layers as thin as ∼5 nm are observed using cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy. The loss in sensitivity due to the thin silica coating was found to be only 16%, and the biosensing capabilities of the substrates were assessed through the binding of cholera toxin B to GM1 lipids. This sensor platform should prove useful in the rapid, multiplexed detection and screening of membrane-associated biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bruzas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati , 301 West Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Sarah Unser
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati , 301 West Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Laura Sagle
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati , 301 West Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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25
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Berg A, Yazdi S, Nowzari A, Storm K, Jain V, Vainorius N, Samuelson L, Wagner JB, Borgström MT. Radial Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes in the (AlxGa1-x)yIn1-yP Material System. Nano Lett 2016; 16:656-662. [PMID: 26708274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanowires have the potential to play an important role for next-generation light-emitting diodes. In this work, we present a growth scheme for radial nanowire quantum-well structures in the AlGaInP material system using a GaInP nanowire core as a template for radial growth with GaInP as the active layer for emission and AlGaInP as charge carrier barriers. The different layers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to ensure lattice-matched radial structures. Furthermore, we evaluated the material composition and heterojunction interface sharpness by scanning transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electro-optical properties were investigated by injection luminescence measurements. The presented results can be a valuable track toward radial nanowire light-emitting diodes in the AlGaInP material system in the red/orange/yellow color spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Berg
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ali Nowzari
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Storm
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vishal Jain
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Halmstad University , Box 823, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Neimantas Vainorius
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Samuelson
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob B Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Magnus T Borgström
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Yazdi S, Berg A, Borgström MT, Kasama T, Beleggia M, Samuelson L, Wagner JB. Doping GaP Core-Shell Nanowire pn-Junctions: A Study by Off-Axis Electron Holography. Small 2015; 11:2687-2695. [PMID: 25656570 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The doping process in GaP core-shell nanowire pn-junctions using different precursors is evaluated by mapping the nanowires' electrostatic potential distribution by means of off-axis electron holography. Three precursors, triethyltin (TESn), ditertiarybutylselenide, and silane are investigated for n-type doping of nanowire shells; among them, TESn is shown to be the most efficient precursor. Off-axis electron holography reveals higher electrostatic potentials in the regions of nanowire cores grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism (axial growth) than the regions grown parasitically by the vapor-solid (VS) mechanism (radial growth), attributed to different incorporation efficiency between VLS and VS of unintentional p-type carbon doping originating from the trimethylgallium precursor. This study shows that off-axis electron holography of doped nanowires is unique in terms of the ability to map the electrostatic potential and thereby the active dopant distribution with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Yazdi
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Berg
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Takeshi Kasama
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco Beleggia
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Samuelson
- Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob B Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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27
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Chen Y, Trier F, Kasama T, Christensen DV, Bovet N, Balogh ZI, Li H, Thydén KTS, Zhang W, Yazdi S, Norby P, Pryds N, Linderoth S. Creation of high mobility two-dimensional electron gases via strain induced polarization at an otherwise nonpolar complex oxide interface. Nano Lett 2015; 15:1849-1854. [PMID: 25692804 DOI: 10.1021/nl504622w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in SrTiO3-based heterostructures provides new opportunities for nanoelectronics. Herein, we create a new type of oxide 2DEG by the epitaxial-strain-induced polarization at an otherwise nonpolar perovskite-type interface of CaZrO3/SrTiO3. Remarkably, this heterointerface is atomically sharp and exhibits a high electron mobility exceeding 60,000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at low temperatures. The 2DEG carrier density exhibits a critical dependence on the film thickness, in good agreement with the polarization induced 2DEG scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhong Chen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark , Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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28
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Clausen JS, Højlund-Nielsen E, Christiansen AB, Yazdi S, Grajower M, Taha H, Levy U, Kristensen A, Mortensen NA. Plasmonic metasurfaces for coloration of plastic consumer products. Nano Lett 2014; 14:4499-504. [PMID: 25003515 DOI: 10.1021/nl5014986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present reflective plasmonic colors based on the concept of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) for plastic consumer products. In particular, we bridge the widely existing technological gap between clean-room fabricated plasmonic metasurfaces and the practical call for large-area structurally colored plastic surfaces robust to daily life handling. We utilize the hybridization between LSPR modes in aluminum nanodisks and nanoholes to design and fabricate bright angle-insensitive colors that may be tuned across the entire visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe S Clausen
- Department of Photonics Engineering, ‡Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, and §Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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29
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Chen YZ, Bovet N, Kasama T, Gao WW, Yazdi S, Ma C, Pryds N, Linderoth S. Room temperature formation of high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases at crystalline complex oxide interfaces. Adv Mater 2014; 26:1462-1467. [PMID: 24338762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Well-controlled sub-unit-cell layer-bylayer epitaxial growth of spinel alumina is achieved at room temperature on a TiO2 -terminated SrTiO3 single-crystalline substrate. By tailoring the interface redox reaction, 2D electron gases with mobilities exceeding 3000 cm 2 V(-1) s(-1) are achieved at this novel oxide interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Chen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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30
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Karimi A, Yazdi S, Ardekani AM. Hydrodynamic mechanisms of cell and particle trapping in microfluidics. Biomicrofluidics 2013; 7:21501. [PMID: 24404005 PMCID: PMC3631262 DOI: 10.1063/1.4799787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Focusing and sorting cells and particles utilizing microfluidic phenomena have been flourishing areas of development in recent years. These processes are largely beneficial in biomedical applications and fundamental studies of cell biology as they provide cost-effective and point-of-care miniaturized diagnostic devices and rare cell enrichment techniques. Due to inherent problems of isolation methods based on the biomarkers and antigens, separation approaches exploiting physical characteristics of cells of interest, such as size, deformability, and electric and magnetic properties, have gained currency in many medical assays. Here, we present an overview of the cell/particle sorting techniques by harnessing intrinsic hydrodynamic effects in microchannels. Our emphasis is on the underlying fluid dynamical mechanisms causing cross stream migration of objects in shear and vortical flows. We also highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each method in terms of throughput, separation efficiency, and cell viability. Finally, we discuss the future research areas for extending the scope of hydrodynamic mechanisms and exploring new physical directions for microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karimi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S Yazdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A M Ardekani
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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31
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Yazdi S, Saadat P, Young S, Hamidi R, Vadmal MS. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a paraneoplastic phenomenon? Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35:152-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Yazdi S, Gahlen W. [Frequency analysis of serum uric acid in psoriasis]. Hautarzt 1969; 20:488-9. [PMID: 5377240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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