1
|
Rosenborough C, Collins SM, Smith E, Bowman TG. Effects of Nontraditional Division III Lacrosse Participation on Movement Pattern Quality and Dynamic Postural Control. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:451-465. [PMID: 38576829 PMCID: PMC10987307 DOI: 10.26603/001c.115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose No studies have observed the effects of a collegiate lacrosse season on movement pattern quality, dynamic postural control, or the accuracy of athletes' perceived movement pattern quality. The purpose was to examine the effects of a nontraditional fall season on movement pattern quality, perceived movement pattern quality, and dynamic postural control in collegiate lacrosse athletes. Design Cross-sectional laboratory study. Methods Fifty men's (age=19.38±1.24 years, height=182.63±6.16 cm, mass=82.37±8.46 kg) and 22 women's (age=19.68±1.17 years, height=165.10±6.88 cm, mass=64.09±8.72 kg) lacrosse players were recruited. Outcome measures included individual Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) scores, self-reported perceived movement pattern quality scores, lower and upper extremity Y-Balance Test (YBT) measurements, and active dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) before the start and again at the end of the fall lacrosse season. Pre- and post-season measurements were assessed using paired t-tests and chi-squared analyses. Results FMS™ composite scores did not significantly change from preseason to postseason for males (p=0.74) or females (p=0.07). Male perceived movement pattern quality was significantly higher than measured for 10 of 12 movements (p<0.05). Female perceived movement pattern quality was significantly higher than measured for four of 12 movements (p<0.05). Asymmetry frequency significantly increased in males in the hurdle step from two individuals to nine (χ 2 1=25.52, p<0.01), inline lunge from 10 to 20 (χ 2 1=12.50, p<0.01), and shoulder mobility from 4 to 21 (χ 2 1=78.53, p<0.01). Asymmetries in male athletes significantly decreased in the active straight leg raise from 26 to 8 (χ 2 1=25.96, p<0.01). YBT composite scores increased in males for the right leg (p=0.001) and left leg (p<0.03). Right dorsiflexion ROM (p<0.001) and left dorsiflexion ROM (p<0.001) significantly decreased in males from preseason to postseason. YBT scores for the right leg significantly increased in females from preseason to postseason (p=0.01). YBT scores for females for the right arm significantly increased from preseason to postseason (p=0.045). Conclusions A 5-week season may not change overall movement pattern quality of men's or women's lacrosse players, but some individual movement scores diminished. Athletes may overestimate self-reported movement pattern quality and are therefore unlikely to individually address movement deficits. Male dynamic postural control may change throughout a season, resulting in a potential increased risk of injury later in the season due to compensatory patterns or changes in mobility, proprioception, or balance. Level of Evidence 3b.
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Connell CJ, Reeder EL, Hymore JA, Brown RS, Notorgiacomo GA, Collins SM, Gudelsky GA, Robson MJ. Transcriptomic dynamics governing serotonergic dysregulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus following mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114695. [PMID: 38246304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a leading cause of disability in the United States, with neuropsychiatric disturbances such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and social disturbances being common comorbidities following injury. The molecular mechanisms driving neuropsychiatric complications following neurotrauma are not well understood and current FDA-approved pharmacotherapies employed to ameliorate these comorbidities lack desired efficacy. Concerted efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of and identify novel drug candidates for treating neurotrauma-elicited neuropsychiatric sequelae are clearly needed. Serotonin (5-HT) is linked to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, however our understanding of how various forms of TBI directly affect 5-HT neurotransmission is limited. 5-HT neurons originate in the raphe nucleus (RN) of the midbrain and project throughout the brain to regulate diverse behavioral phenotypes. We hypothesize that the characterization of the dynamics governing 5-HT neurotransmission after injury will drive the discovery of novel drug targets and lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric disturbances following mild TBI (mTBI). Herein, we provide evidence that closed-head mTBI alters total DRN 5-HT levels, with RNA sequencing of the DRN revealing injury-derived alterations in transcripts required for the development, identity, and functional stability of 5-HT neurons. Further, using gene ontology analyses combined with immunohistological analyses, we have identified a novel mechanism of transcriptomic control within 5-HT neurons that may directly influence 5-HT neuron identity/function post-injury. These studies provide molecular evidence of injury-elicited 5-HT neuron dysregulation, data which may expedite the identification of novel therapeutic targets to attenuate TBI-elicited neuropsychiatric sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Connell
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evan L Reeder
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacob A Hymore
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan S Brown
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sean M Collins
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gary A Gudelsky
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J Robson
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pham ST, Tieu AK, Sun C, Wan S, Collins SM. Direct Visualization of Chemical Transport in Solid-State Chemical Reactions by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3702-3709. [PMID: 38477517 PMCID: PMC10979428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Systematic control and design of solid-state chemical reactions are required for modifying materials properties and in novel synthesis. Understanding chemical dynamics at the nanoscale is therefore essential to revealing the key reactive pathways. Herein, we combine focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to track the migration of sodium from a borate coating to the oxide scale during in situ hot corrosion testing. We map the changing distribution of chemical elements and compounds from 50 to 850 °C to reveal how sodium diffusion induces corrosion. The results are validated by in situ X-ray diffraction and post-mortem TOF-SIMS. We additionally retrieve the through-solid sodium diffusion rate by fitting measurements to a Fickian diffusion model. This study presents a step change in analyzing microscopic diffusion mechanics with high chemical sensitivity and selectivity, a widespread analytical challenge that underpins the defining rates and mechanisms of solid-state reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang T. Pham
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research & School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Anh Kiet Tieu
- School
of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Sun
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research & School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Shanhong Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Sean M. Collins
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research & School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pibida L, Bergeron DE, Collins SM, Ivanov P, Cessna JT, Fitzgerald RP, Mewburn-Crook J, Zimmerman BE, King L. Absolute emission intensities of the gamma rays from the decay of 224Ra and 212Pb progenies and the half-life of the 212 Pb decay. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111171. [PMID: 38181577 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Absolute gamma-ray emission intensities for 36 characteristic gamma rays from the decay of 224Ra, 212Pb, and their progeny were determined by measuring sources calibrated for activity by means of primary methods based on well-defined high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors at both NIST and NPL. Results from the two laboratories agree with recent data evaluations, except for gamma rays with low emission intensities. The decay schemes have been re-balanced based on the new results. In addition, the half-life for 212Pb was measured using several HPGe detectors, ionization chambers, and a well-type NaI(Tl) detector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - D E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - J T Cessna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - R P Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - J Mewburn-Crook
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - B E Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - L King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramirez NC, Collins SM. A new determination of the 68Ga half-life and evaluation of literature data. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 203:111103. [PMID: 37977103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistencies within the 68Ga half-life dataset have been repeatedly identified in nuclear decay data evaluations performed over the past decade. In this paper, a half-life has been determined using ionisation chambers measurements and HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry (T1/2 = 67.783(27) min). The current literature has been reviewed and possible causes of discrepancy have been identified, such as neglected contaminant effects, robustness of analysis, and underestimation of systematic effects. This could lead to a significant improvement of the half-life in future evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Ramirez
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, UK.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shoemaker MJ, Collins SM. From the Flight Deck to the Bedside: Core Aviation Concepts Applied to Acute Care Physical Therapist Practice and Education. Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad125. [PMID: 37712880 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The health care industry has sought to reduce errors and patient harm by drawing upon human factors research developed largely in the aviation industry. However, literature that explicitly applies human factors concepts to physical therapist practice is scarce. Therefore, this clinical perspective highlights the key concepts in aviation safety and training that should be considered for application to physical therapist education and practice in the acute care setting, including the law of primacy, pilot in command, crew resource management, situational awareness, the instrument scan, currency versus proficiency, the advanced qualification program, and the use of checklists. The authors identify, discuss, and apply existing parallel concepts in physical therapist literature. The authors then challenge acute care physical therapists, academic faculty, and clinical instructors on ways to integrate these concepts in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Shoemaker
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Physical Therapy, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Collins SM, Köster U, Robinson AP, Ivanov P, Cocolios TE, Russell B, Fenwick AJ, Bernerd C, Stegemann S, Johnston K, Gerami AM, Chrysalidis K, Mohamud H, Ramirez N, Bhaisare A, Mewburn-Crook J, Cullen DM, Pietras B, Pells S, Dockx K, Stucki N, Regan PH. Determination of the Terbium-152 half-life from mass-separated samples from CERN-ISOLDE and assessment of the radionuclide purity. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 202:111044. [PMID: 37797447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Terbium-152 is one of four terbium radioisotopes that together form a potential theranostic toolbox for the personalised treatment of tumours. As 152 Tb decay by positron emission it can be utilised for diagnostics by positron emission tomography. For use in radiopharmaceuticals and for activity measurements by an activity calibrator a high radionuclide purity of the material and an accurate and precise knowledge of the half-life is required. Mass-separation and radiochemical purification provide a production route of high purity 152Tb. In the current work, two mass-separated samples from the CERN-ISOLDE facility have been assayed at the National Physical Laboratory to investigate the radionuclide purity. These samples have been used to perform four measurements of the half-life by three independent techniques: high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry, ionisation chamber measurements and liquid scintillation counting. From the four measurement campaigns a half-life of 17.8784(95) h has been determined. The reported half-life shows a significant difference to the currently evaluated half-life (ζ-score = 3.77), with a relative difference of 2.2 % and an order of magnitude improvement in the precision. This work also shows that under controlled conditions the combination of mass-separation and radiochemical separation can provide high-purity 152Tb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - U Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - A P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - C Bernerd
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - S Stegemann
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Johnston
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A M Gerami
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - K Chrysalidis
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - H Mohamud
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - N Ramirez
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A Bhaisare
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - J Mewburn-Crook
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - D M Cullen
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - B Pietras
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Pells
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Dockx
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Stucki
- HEPIA, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tran-Gia J, Denis-Bacelar AM, Ferreira KM, Robinson AP, Bobin C, Bonney LM, Calvert N, Collins SM, Fenwick AJ, Finocchiaro D, Fioroni F, Giannopoulou K, Grassi E, Heetun W, Jewitt SJ, Kotzasarlidou M, Ljungberg M, Lourenço V, McGowan DR, Mewburn-Crook J, Sabot B, Scuffham J, Sjögreen Gleisner K, Solc J, Thiam C, Tipping J, Wevrett J, Lassmann M. On the use of solid 133Ba sources as surrogate for liquid 131I in SPECT/CT calibration: a European multi-centre evaluation. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:73. [PMID: 37993667 PMCID: PMC10665282 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commissioning, calibration, and quality control procedures for nuclear medicine imaging systems are typically performed using hollow containers filled with radionuclide solutions. This leads to multiple sources of uncertainty, many of which can be overcome by using traceable, sealed, long-lived surrogate sources containing a radionuclide of comparable energies and emission probabilities. This study presents the results of a quantitative SPECT/CT imaging comparison exercise performed within the MRTDosimetry consortium to assess the feasibility of using 133Ba as a surrogate for 131I imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two sets of four traceable 133Ba sources were produced at two National Metrology Institutes and encapsulated in 3D-printed cylinders (volume range 1.68-107.4 mL). Corresponding hollow cylinders to be filled with liquid 131I and a mounting baseplate for repeatable positioning within a Jaszczak phantom were also produced. A quantitative SPECT/CT imaging comparison exercise was conducted between seven members of the consortium (eight SPECT/CT systems from two major vendors) based on a standardised protocol. Each site had to perform three measurements with the two sets of 133Ba sources and liquid 131I. RESULTS As anticipated, the 131I pseudo-image calibration factors (cps/MBq) were higher than those for 133Ba for all reconstructions and systems. A site-specific cross-calibration reduced the performance differences between both radionuclides with respect to a cross-calibration based on the ratio of emission probabilities from a median of 12-1.5%. The site-specific cross-calibration method also showed agreement between 133Ba and 131I for all cylinder volumes, which highlights the potential use of 133Ba sources to calculate recovery coefficients for partial volume correction. CONCLUSION This comparison exercise demonstrated that traceable solid 133Ba sources can be used as surrogate for liquid 131I imaging. The use of solid surrogate sources could solve the radiation protection problem inherent in the preparation of phantoms with 131I liquid activity solutions as well as reduce the measurement uncertainties in the activity. This is particularly relevant for stability measurements, which have to be carried out at regular intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tran-Gia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Bobin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Lara M Bonney
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas Calvert
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Domenico Finocchiaro
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Fioroni
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Grassi
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Warda Heetun
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK
| | - Stephanie J Jewitt
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Kotzasarlidou
- Nuclear Medicine Department, "THEAGENIO" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Valérie Lourenço
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Daniel R McGowan
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Benoit Sabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - James Scuffham
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Jaroslav Solc
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cheick Thiam
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jill Tipping
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill Wevrett
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Huang W, Krajnc A, Yang Y, Shukla A, Lee J, Ghasemi M, Martens I, Chan B, Appadoo D, Chen P, Wen X, Steele JA, Hackbarth HG, Sun Q, Mali G, Lin R, Bedford NM, Chen V, Cheetham AK, Tizei LHG, Collins SM, Wang L, Hou J. Interfacial alloying between lead halide perovskite crystals and hybrid glasses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7612. [PMID: 37993424 PMCID: PMC10665442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The stellar optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites provide enormous promise for next-generation optical devices with excellent conversion efficiencies and lower manufacturing costs. However, there is a long-standing ambiguity as to whether the perovskite surface/interface (e.g. structure, charge transfer or source of off-target recombination) or bulk properties are the more determining factor in device performance. Here we fabricate an array of CsPbI3 crystal and hybrid glass composites by sintering and globally visualise the property-performance landscape. Our findings reveal that the interface is the primary determinant of the crystal phases, optoelectronic quality, and stability of CsPbI3. In particular, the presence of a diffusion "alloying" layer is discovered to be critical for passivating surface traps, and beneficially altering the energy landscape of crystal phases. However, high-temperature sintering results in the promotion of a non-stoichiometric perovskite and excess traps at the interface, despite the short-range structure of halide is retained within the alloying layer. By shedding light on functional hetero-interfaces, our research offers the key factors for engineering high-performance perovskite devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wengang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Atul Shukla
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jaeho Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mehri Ghasemi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Isaac Martens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Dominique Appadoo
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Peng Chen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Julian A Steele
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Haira G Hackbarth
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Gregor Mali
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rijia Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Luiz H G Tizei
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Griffiths A, Boyall SL, Müller P, Harrington JP, Sobolewska AM, Reynolds WR, Bourne RA, Wu K, Collins SM, Muldowney M, Chamberlain TW. MOF-based heterogeneous catalysis in continuous flow via incorporation onto polymer-based spherical activated carbon supports. Nanoscale 2023; 15:17910-17921. [PMID: 37901966 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to harnessing the tuneable catalytic properties of complex nanomaterials for continuous flow heterogeneous catalysis by combining them with the scalable and industrially implementable properties of carbon pelleted supports. This approach, in turn, will enable these catalytic materials, which largely currently exist in forms unsuitable for this application (e.g. powders), to be fully integrated into large scale, chemical processes. A composite heterogeneous catalyst consisting of a metal-organic framework-based Lewis acid, MIL-100(Sc), immobilised onto polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) support has been developed. The material was characterised by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, light scattering and crush testing with the catalytic activity studied in continuous flow. The mechanically robust spherical geometry makes the composite material ideal for application in packed-bed reactors. The catalyst was observed to operate without any loss in activity at steady state for 9 hours when utilised as a Lewis acid catalyst for the intramolecular cyclisation of (±)-citronellal as a model reaction. This work paves the way for further development into the exploitation of MOF-based continuous flow heterogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Griffiths
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sarah L Boyall
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Pia Müller
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - John P Harrington
- Leeds Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Centre, LEMAS, Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Anna M Sobolewska
- Sterling Pharma Solutions Limited, Dudley, Cramlington, Northumberland, NE23 7QG, UK
| | - William R Reynolds
- Sterling Pharma Solutions Limited, Dudley, Cramlington, Northumberland, NE23 7QG, UK
| | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kejun Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Muldowney
- Sterling Pharma Solutions Limited, Dudley, Cramlington, Northumberland, NE23 7QG, UK
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paterson R, Fahy LE, Arca E, Dixon C, Wills CY, Yan H, Griffiths A, Collins SM, Wu K, Bourne RA, Chamberlain TW, Knight JG, Doherty S. Amine-modified polyionic liquid supports enhance the efficacy of PdNPs for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to formate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13470-13473. [PMID: 37877311 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04987f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles stabilised by aniline modified polymer immobilised ionic liquid is a remarkably active catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate; the initial TOF of 500 h-1 is markedly higher than either unmodified catalyst or its benzylamine and N,N-dimethylaniline modified counterparts and is among the highest to be reported for a PdNP-based catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reece Paterson
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT), School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Luke E Fahy
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT), School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Elisabetta Arca
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Casey Dixon
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT), School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Corinne Y Wills
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT), School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Han Yan
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kejun Wu
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Julian G Knight
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT), School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Simon Doherty
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT), School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chester AM, Castillo-Blas C, Sajzew R, Rodrigues BP, Mas-Balleste R, Moya A, Snelson JE, Collins SM, Sapnik AF, Robertson GP, Irving DJM, Wondraczek L, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Structural insights into hybrid immiscible blends of metal-organic framework and sodium ultraphosphate glasses. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11737-11748. [PMID: 37920351 PMCID: PMC10619634 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02305b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, increased attention has been focused on amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and, more specifically, MOF glasses, the first new glass category discovered since the 1970s. In this work, we explore the fabrication of a compositional series of hybrid blends, the first example of blending a MOF and inorganic glass. We combine ZIF-62(Zn) glass and an inorganic glass, 30Na2O-70P2O5, to combine the chemical versatility of the MOF glass with the mechanical properties of the inorganic glass. We investigate the interfacial interactions between the two components using pair distribution function analysis and solid state NMR spectroscopy, and suggest potential interactions between the two phases. Thermal analysis of the blend samples indicated that they were less thermally stable than the starting materials and had a Tg shifted relative to the pristine materials. Annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nanoindentation and 31P NMR all indicated close mixing of the two phases, suggesting the formation of immiscible blends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Chester
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Roman Sajzew
- Otto Schott Institute Materials Research, University of Jena Fraunhoferstrasse 6 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Bruno P Rodrigues
- Otto Schott Institute Materials Research, University of Jena Fraunhoferstrasse 6 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ruben Mas-Balleste
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Moya
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Jessica E Snelson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Georgina P Robertson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Daniel J M Irving
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute Materials Research, University of Jena Fraunhoferstrasse 6 07743 Jena Germany
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghasemi M, Li X, Tang C, Li Q, Lu J, Du A, Lee J, Appadoo D, Tizei LHG, Pham ST, Wang L, Collins SM, Hou J, Jia B, Wen X. Effective Suppressing Phase Segregation of Mixed-Halide Perovskite by Glassy Metal-Organic Frameworks. Small 2023:e2304236. [PMID: 37616513 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead mixed-halide perovskites offer tunable bandgaps for optoelectronic applications, but illumination-induced phase segregation can quickly lead to changes in their crystal structure, bandgaps, and optoelectronic properties, especially for the Br-I mixed system because CsPbI3 tends to form a non-perovskite phase under ambient conditions. These behaviors can impact their performance in practical applications. By embedding such mixed-halide perovskites in a glassy metal-organic framework, a family of stable nanocomposites with tunable emission is created. Combining cathodoluminescence with elemental mapping under a transmission electron microscope, this research identifies a direct relationship between the halide composition and emission energy at the nanoscale. The composite effectively inhibits halide ion migration, and consequently, phase segregation even under high-energy illumination. The detailed mechanism, studied using a combination of spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical modeling, shows that the interfacial binding, instead of the nanoconfinement effect, is the main contributor to the inhibition of phase segregation. These findings pave the way to suppress the phase segregation in mixed-halide perovskites toward stable and high-performance optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Ghasemi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Xuemei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Qi Li
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Junlin Lu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Jaeho Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dominique Appadoo
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Luiz H G Tizei
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sang T Pham
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sean M Collins
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Koniuch N, Ilett M, Collins SM, Hondow N, Brown A, Hughes L, Blade H. Structure of polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating a drug - pamoic acid ion pair by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16959. [PMID: 37360079 PMCID: PMC10285183 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles are useful for improving drug bioavailability and/or delivery of the active ingredient for example directly to the cancerous tumour. The physical and chemical characterization of a functionalized nanoparticle system is required to measure drug loading and dispersion but also to understand and model the rate and extent of drug release to help predict performance. Many techniques can be used, however, difficulties related to structure determination and identifying the precise location of the drug fraction make mathematical prediction complex and in many published examples the final conclusions are based on assumptions regarding an expected structure. Cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques are used here to address this issue and provide a multi-modal approach to the characterisation of a self-assembled polymeric nanoparticle system based upon a polylactic acid - polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) block copolymer containing a hydrophobic ion-pair between pamoic acid and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Results indicate a regular dispersion of spherical nanoparticles of 88 ± 9 nm diameter. The particles are shown to have a multi-layer structure consisting of a 25 nm radius hydrophobic core of PLA and pamoic acid-API material with additional enrichment of the pamoic acid-API material within the inner core (that can be off-centre), surrounded by a 9 nm dense PLA-PEG layer all with a low-density PEG surface coating of around 10 nm thickness. This structure suggests that release of the API can only occur by diffusion through or degradation of the dense, 9 nm thick PLA-PEG layer either of which is a process consistent with the previously reported steady release kinetics of the API and counter ion from these nanoparticle formulations. Establishing accurate measures of product structure enables a link to performance by providing appropriate physical parameters for future mathematical modelling of barriers controlling API release in these nanoparticle formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Koniuch
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Ilett
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M. Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Brown
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Les Hughes
- AstraZeneca, Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Blade
- AstraZeneca, Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sapnik AF, Sun C, Laulainen JEM, Johnstone DN, Brydson R, Johnson T, Midgley PA, Bennett TD, Collins SM. Mapping nanocrystalline disorder within an amorphous metal-organic framework. Commun Chem 2023; 6:92. [PMID: 37169838 PMCID: PMC10175482 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intentionally disordered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) display rich functional behaviour. However, the characterisation of their atomic structures remains incredibly challenging. X-ray pair distribution function techniques have been pivotal in determining their average local structure but are largely insensitive to spatial variations in the structure. Fe-BTC (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) is a nanocomposite MOF, known for its catalytic properties, comprising crystalline nanoparticles and an amorphous matrix. Here, we use scanning electron diffraction to first map the crystalline and amorphous components to evaluate domain size and then to carry out electron pair distribution function analysis to probe the spatially separated atomic structure of the amorphous matrix. Further Bragg scattering analysis reveals systematic orientational disorder within Fe-BTC's nanocrystallites, showing over 10° of continuous lattice rotation across single particles. Finally, we identify candidate unit cells for the crystalline component. These independent structural analyses quantify disorder in Fe-BTC at the critical length scale for engineering composite MOF materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rik Brydson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pommé S, Veale MC, Pooley DE, Van Assche F, Falksohn F, Collins SM. Analysis of a neutron-induced conversion electron spectrum of gadolinium. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 197:110828. [PMID: 37126950 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A 100-nm-thick gadolinium layer deposited on a pixelated silicon sensor was activated in a neutron field to measure the internal conversion electron (ICE) spectrum generated by neutron capture products of 155Gd and 157Gd. The experiment was performed at the ISIS neutron and muon facility, using a bespoke version of the HEXITEC spectroscopic imaging camera. Signals originating from internal conversion electrons, Auger electrons, x rays and gamma rays up to 150 keV were identified. The ICE spectrum has an energy resolution of 1.8-1.9 keV at 72 keV and shows peaks from the K, L, M, N+ ICEs of the 79.51 keV and 88.967 keV 2+-0+ gamma transitions from the first excited states in 158Gd and 156Gd, respectively, as well as the K ICEs of the 4+-2+ transitions at 181.931 keV and 199.213 keV from the respective second excited states. Spectrum analysis was performed using a convolution of a Gaussian with exponential functions at the low and high energy side as the peak shaping function. Relative ICE intensities were derived from the fitted peak areas and compared with internal conversion coefficient (ICC) values calculated from the BrIcc database. Relative to the dominant L shell contribution, the K ICE intensity conforms to BrIcc and the M, N, O+ ICE intensities are somewhat higher than expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium.
| | - M C Veale
- Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (STFC), Oxfordshire, UK
| | - D E Pooley
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (STFC), Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - F Falksohn
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kraimi N, Philip V, Zhang H, Lu J, De Palma G, Verdu EF, McCoy KD, Hapfelmeier S, Macpherson AJ, Chirdo F, Surette M, Liu F, Collins SM, Bercik P. A8 MICROBIAL ACTIVATION OF INTESTINAL DENDRITIC CELLS IS CRITICAL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NORMAL BEHAVIOR. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991164 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota affects brain development and its function. It is well known that compared with conventional mice (SPF), germ-free (GF) mice display higher exploratory behavior, which normalizes after bacterial colonization. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and first critical steps initiating microbiota-gut-brain communication, which lead to establishment of normal behavior.
Purpose
To investigate the role of immune system in the establishment of normal behavior after bacterial colonization.
Method
We assessed behavior in GF mice before and after colonization with SPF microbiota, Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) or the single bacterial strain E. coli JM83, and compared them to SPF mice, using the light-dark preference and tail suspension tests. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-Fos expression were measured by immunofluorescence in the hippocampus and amygdala. Colonic and brain gene expression were assessed using a NanoString technology. The immunodeficient MyD88-/- Ticam1- and SCID mice were used to study the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems. To demonstrate the role of the dendritic cells (DCs), we measured behavior before and after mono-colonization with E. coli JM83 in GF mice treated with cosalane and fingolimod, that inhibit DCs activation and migration, respectively. Brain levels of CD11b, CD11c and CD103 as DCs markers was assessed by immunofluorescence.
Result(s)
Compared to SPF mice, GF mice showed higher exploratory and less depressive-like behavior. The ex-germ-free mice colonized with ASF microbiota, or mono-colonized with E. coli JM83 showed similar normalization of behavior as those colonized with SPF microbiota. Mono-colonization with E. coli reduced both BDNF and c-fos levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. While colonization of GF SCID mice induced same change in behavior as in wild-type mice, GF MyD88-/-Ticam1-/- mice did not alter their behavior. Mono-colonization affected multiple genes in the colon and the brain, associated with innate immunity and neural plasticity. Treatment with both cosalane and fingolimod prevented behavioral changes after colonization, which was paralleled by absence of CD11b+CD103+CD11c+ cells in the brain, otherwise found in high numbers in control mono-colonized mice and absent in germ-free mice.
Conclusion(s)
The innate immune system, through activation and migration of intestinal dendritic cells into the brain, initiates the neuro-immune signaling within the gut-brain axis and leads to normalization of behavior after bacterial colonization. Our findings may impact several psychiatric conditions, in which altered innate immune signaling has been implicated.
Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below
CIHR, Other
Please indicate your source of funding;
Balsam Family Foundation
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kraimi
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - V Philip
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - H Zhang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - G De Palma
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - E F Verdu
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - K D McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital , Bern , Switzerland
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - S Hapfelmeier
- University of Bern, Institute for Infectious Diseases , Bern , Switzerland
| | - A J Macpherson
- Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital , Bern , Switzerland
| | - F Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunologicos y Fisiopatologicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET) , La Plata , Argentina
| | - M Surette
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - F Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Singer KE, McGlone ED, Collins SM, Wallen TE, Morris MC, Schuster RM, England LG, Robson MJ, Goodman MD. Propranolol Reduces p-tau Accumulation and Improves Behavior Outcomes in a Polytrauma Murine Model. J Surg Res 2023; 282:183-190. [PMID: 36308901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to neurocognitive decline, in part due to phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Whether p-tau accumulation worsens in the setting of polytrauma remains unknown. Propranolol has shown clinical benefit in head injuries; however, the underlying mechanism is also unknown. We hypothesize that hemorrhagic shock would worsen p-tau accumulation but that propranolol would improve functional outcomes on behavioral studies. METHODS A murine polytrauma model was developed to examine the accumulation of p-tau and whether it can be mitigated by early administration of propranolol. TBI was induced using a weight-drop model and hemorrhagic shock was achieved via controlled hemorrhage for 1 h. Mice were given intraperitoneal propranolol 4 mg/kg or saline control. The animals underwent behavioral testing at 30 d postinjury and were sacrificed for cerebral histological analysis. These studies were completed in male and female mice. RESULTS TBI alone led to increased p-tau generation compared to sham on both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (P < 0.05). The addition of hemorrhage led to greater accumulation of p-tau in the hippocampus (P < 0.007). In male mice, p-tau accumulation decreased with propranolol administration for both polytrauma and TBI alone (P < 0.0001). Male mice treated with propranolol also outperformed saline-control mice on the hippocampal-dependent behavioral assessment (P = 0.0013). These results were not replicated in female mice; the addition of hemorrhage did not increase p-tau accumulation and propranolol did not demonstrate a therapeutic effect. CONCLUSIONS Polytrauma including TBI generates high levels of hippocampal p-tau, but propranolol may help prevent this accumulation to improve both neuropathological and functional outcomes in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Singer
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Emily D McGlone
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sean M Collins
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Taylor E Wallen
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mackenzie C Morris
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M Schuster
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa G England
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew J Robson
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael D Goodman
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reeder EL, O'Connell CJ, Collins SM, Traubert OD, Norman SV, Cáceres RA, Sah R, Smith DW, Robson MJ. Increased Carbon Dioxide Respiration Prevents the Effects of Acceleration/Deceleration Elicited Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2023; 509:20-35. [PMID: 36332692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acceleration/deceleration forces are a common component of various causes of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and result in strain and shear forces on brain tissue. A small quantifiable volume dubbed the compensatory reserve volume (CRV) permits energy transmission to brain tissue during acceleration/deceleration events. The CRV is principally regulated by cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CBF is primarily determined by the concentration of inspired carbon dioxide (CO2). We hypothesized that experimental hypercapnia (i.e. increased inspired concentration of CO2) may act to prevent and mitigate the actions of acceleration/deceleration-induced TBI. To determine these effects C57Bl/6 mice underwent experimental hypercapnia whereby they were exposed to medical-grade atmospheric air or 5% CO2 immediately prior to an acceleration/deceleration-induced mTBI paradigm. mTBI results in significant increases in righting reflex time (RRT), reductions in core body temperature, and reductions in general locomotor activity-three hours post injury (hpi). Experimental hypercapnia immediately preceding mTBI was found to prevent mTBI-induced increases in RRT and reductions in core body temperature and general locomotor activity. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing conducted four hpi revealed that CO2 exposure prevented mTBI-induced transcriptional alterations of several targets related to oxidative stress, immune, and inflammatory signaling. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed the prevention of mTBI-induced increases in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 6 and metallothionein-2. These initial proof of concept studies reveal that increases in inspired CO2 mitigate the detrimental contributions of acceleration/deceleration events in mTBI and may feasibly be translated in the future to humans using a medical device seeking to prevent mTBI among high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Reeder
- University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Connell
- University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sean M Collins
- University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Owen D Traubert
- University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Sophia V Norman
- University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Román A Cáceres
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Renu Sah
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Robson
- University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Laulainen JEM, Johnstone DN, Bogachev I, Longley L, Calahoo C, Wondraczek L, Keen DA, Bennett TD, Collins SM, Midgley PA. Mapping short-range order at the nanoscale in metal-organic framework and inorganic glass composites. Nanoscale 2022; 14:16524-16535. [PMID: 36285652 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of nanoscale changes in the atomic structure of amorphous materials is a profound challenge. Established X-ray and neutron total scattering methods typically provide sufficient signal quality only over macroscopic volumes. Pair distribution function analysis using electron scattering (ePDF) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has emerged as a method of probing nanovolumes of these materials, but inorganic glasses as well as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and many other materials containing organic components are characteristically prone to irreversible changes after limited electron beam exposures. This beam sensitivity requires 'low-dose' data acquisition to probe inorganic glasses, amorphous and glassy MOFs, and MOF composites. Here, we use STEM-ePDF applied at low electron fluences (10 e- Å-2) combined with unsupervised machine learning methods to map changes in the short-range order with ca. 5 nm spatial resolution in a composite material consisting of a zeolitic imidazolate framework glass agZIF-62 and a 0.67([Na2O]0.9[P2O5])-0.33([AlO3/2][AlF3]1.5) inorganic glass. STEM-ePDF enables separation of MOF and inorganic glass domains from atomic structure differences alone, showing abrupt changes in atomic structure at interfaces with interatomic correlation distances seen in X-ray PDF preserved at the nanoscale. These findings underline that the average bulk amorphous structure is retained at the nanoscale in the growing family of MOF glasses and composites, a previously untested assumption in PDF analyses crucial for future non-crystalline nanostructure engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joonatan E M Laulainen
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Ivan Bogachev
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Louis Longley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Courtney Calahoo
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paterson R, Alharbi HY, Wills C, Chamberlain TW, Bourne RA, Griffiths A, Collins SM, Wu K, Simmons MD, Menzel R, Masey AF, Knight JG, Doherty S. Highly Efficient and Selective Partial Reduction of Nitroarenes to N-Arylhydroxylamines Catalysed by Phosphine Oxide-Decorated Polymer Immobilized Ionic Liquid Stabilized Ruthenium Nanoparticles. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Paterson R, Alharbi AA, Wills C, Dixon C, Šiller L, Chamberlain TW, Griffiths A, Collins SM, Wu K, Simmons MD, Bourne RA, Lovelock KR, Seymour J, Knight JG, Doherty S. Heteroatom modified polymer immobilized ionic liquid stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles: Efficient catalysts for the hydrolytic evolution of hydrogen from sodium borohydride. Molecular Catalysis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Büchele S, Yakimov A, Collins SM, Ruiz-Ferrando A, Chen Z, Willinger E, Kepaptsoglou DM, Ramasse QM, Müller CR, Safonova OV, López N, Copéret C, Pérez-Ramírez J, Mitchell S. Elucidation of Metal Local Environments in Single-Atom Catalysts Based on Carbon Nitrides. Small 2022; 18:e2202080. [PMID: 35678101 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tailor the properties of metal centers in single-atom heterogeneous catalysts depends on the availability of advanced approaches for characterization of their structure. Except for specific host materials with well-defined metal adsorption sites, determining the local atomic environment remains a crucial challenge, often relying heavily on simulations. This article reports an advanced analysis of platinum atoms stabilized on poly(triazine imide), a nanocrystalline form of carbon nitride. The approach discriminates the distribution of surface coordination sites in the host, the evolution of metal coordination at different stages during the synthesis of the material, and the potential locations of metal atoms within the lattice. Consistent with density functional theory predictions, simultaneous high-resolution imaging in high-angle annular dark field and bright field modes experimentally confirms the preferred localization of platinum in-plane in the corners of the triangular cavities. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP-NMR) spectroscopies coupled with density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the predominant metal species comprise Pt(II) bound to three nitrogen atoms and one chlorine atom inside the coordination sites. The findings, which narrow the gap between experimental and theoretical elucidation, contribute to the improved structural understanding and provide a benchmark for exploring the speciation of single-atom catalysts based on carbon nitrides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Büchele
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yakimov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sean M Collins
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Ferrando
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Zupeng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Elena Willinger
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Christoph R Müller
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Olga V Safonova
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Collins SM, O’Connell CJ, Reeder EL, Norman SV, Lungani K, Gopalan P, Gudelsky GA, Robson MJ. Altered Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) Receptor Signaling Underlies Mild TBI-Elicited Deficits in Social Dominance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930346. [PMID: 35910378 PMCID: PMC9337880 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various forms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a leading cause of disability in the United States, with the generation of neuropsychiatric complications such as depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and suicidality being common comorbidities. Serotonin (5-HT) signaling is linked to psychiatric disorders; however, the effects of neurotrauma on normal, homeostatic 5-HT signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) have not been well characterized. We hypothesize that TBI alters specific components of 5-HT signaling within the CNS and that the elucidation of specific TBI-induced alterations in 5-HT signaling may identify novel targets for pharmacotherapies that ameliorate the neuropsychiatric complications of TBI. Herein, we provide evidence that closed-head blast-induced mild TBI (mTBI) results in selective alterations in cortical 5-HT2A receptor signaling. We find that mTBI increases in vivo cortical 5-HT2A receptor sensitivity and ex vivo radioligand binding at time points corresponding with mTBI-induced deficits in social behavior. In contrast, in vivo characterizations of 5-HT1A receptor function revealed no effect of mTBI. Notably, we find that repeated pharmacologic activation of 5-HT2A receptors post-injury reverses deficits in social dominance resulting from mTBI. Cumulatively, these studies provide evidence that mTBI drives alterations in cortical 5-HT2A receptor function and that selective targeting of TBI-elicited alterations in 5-HT2A receptor signaling may represent a promising avenue for the development of pharmacotherapies for TBI-induced generation of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Collins
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Connell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Evan L. Reeder
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sophia V. Norman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kainat Lungani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Poornima Gopalan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gary A. Gudelsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew J. Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew J. Robson,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
O'Connell CJ, Reeder EL, Caceres RA, Collins SM, Chilton KQ, Gudelsky GA, Robson MJ. Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury Drives Protracted Inflammation and Remodeling of Serotonergic Architecture in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan L. Reeder
- Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of PharmacyCincinnatiOH
| | - Roman A. Caceres
- Cancer and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Sean M. Collins
- Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of PharmacyCincinnatiOH
| | - Kyla Q. Chilton
- Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
| | - Gary A. Gudelsky
- Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of PharmacyCincinnatiOH
| | - Matthew J. Robson
- Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of PharmacyCincinnatiOH
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ferrer Orri J, Doherty TAS, Johnstone D, Collins SM, Simons H, Midgley PA, Ducati C, Stranks SD. Unveiling the Interaction Mechanisms of Electron and X-ray Radiation with Halide Perovskite Semiconductors using Scanning Nanoprobe Diffraction. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200383. [PMID: 35288992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of high-energy electrons and X-ray photons with beam-sensitive semiconductors such as halide perovskites is essential for the characterization and understanding of these optoelectronic materials. Using nanoprobe diffraction techniques, which can investigate physical properties on the nanoscale, studies of the interaction of electron and X-ray radiation with state-of-the-art (FA0.79 MA0.16 Cs0.05 )Pb(I0.83 Br0.17 )3 hybrid halide perovskite films (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium) are performed, tracking the changes in the local crystal structure as a function of fluence using scanning electron diffraction and synchrotron nano X-ray diffraction techniques. Perovskite grains are identified, from which additional reflections, corresponding to PbBr2 , appear as a crystalline degradation phase after fluences of 200 e- Å- 2 . These changes are concomitant with the formation of small PbI2 crystallites at the adjacent high-angle grain boundaries, with the formation of pinholes, and with a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic. A similar degradation pathway is caused by photon irradiation in nano-X-ray diffraction, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. This approach explores the radiation limits of these materials and provides a description of the degradation pathways on the nanoscale. Addressing high-angle grain boundaries will be critical for the further improvement of halide polycrystalline film stability, especially for applications vulnerable to high-energy radiation such as space photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Duncan Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hugh Simons
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, 2800, Denmark
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mitchell S, Parés F, Faust Akl D, Collins SM, Kepaptsoglou DM, Ramasse QM, Garcia-Gasulla D, Pérez-Ramírez J, López N. Automated Image Analysis for Single-Atom Detection in Catalytic Materials by Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8018-8029. [PMID: 35333043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalytic sites may have existed in all supported transition metal catalysts since their first application. Yet, interest in the design of single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) only really grew when advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) permitted direct confirmation of metal site isolation. While atomic-resolution imaging remains a central characterization tool, poor statistical significance, reproducibility, and interoperability limit its scope for deriving robust characteristics about these frontier catalytic materials. Here, we introduce a customized deep-learning method for automated atom detection in image analysis, a rate-limiting step toward high-throughput TEM. Platinum atoms stabilized on a functionalized carbon support with a challenging irregular three-dimensional morphology serve as a practically relevant test system with promising scope in thermo- and electrochemical applications. The model detects over 20,000 atomic positions for the statistical analysis of important properties for establishing structure-performance relations over nanostructured catalysts, like the surface density, proximity, clustering extent, and dispersion uniformity of supported metal species. Good performance obtained on direct application of the model to an iron SAC based on carbon nitride demonstrates its generalizability for single-atom detection on carbon-related materials. The approach establishes a route to integrate artificial intelligence into routine TEM workflows. It accelerates image processing times by orders of magnitude and reduces human bias by providing an uncertainty analysis that is not readily quantifiable in manual atom identification, improving standardization and scalability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ferran Parés
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça d'Eusebi Güell 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dario Faust Akl
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Demie M Kepaptsoglou
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury WA4 4AD, U.K.,Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury WA4 4AD, U.K.,School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Dario Garcia-Gasulla
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça d'Eusebi Güell 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rabbia V, De Palma G, Lu J, Verdu E, Armstrong H, Collins SM, Anglin R, Surette M, Bercik P. A229 GUT MICROBIOTA PROFILES, DIET AND SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AS PREDICTORS OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a debilitating chronic condition with a lifetime prevalence of 4–7% worldwide. Both diet and gut microbiota have been previously associated with anxiety.
Aims
To investigate whether bacterial taxa and/or nutrients associate with GAD, and whether they differ from those of healthy controls (HC).
Methods
Patients with GAD (n=82) and matched HC (n=97) were assessed by validated questionnaires for anxiety (DASS-21), gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (Rome III, Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia), and dietary profiles by the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies. We quantified several blood and stool biomarkers, including inflammatory and neuroactive metabolites, as well as short-chain fatty acids. Stool microbiota profiles were assessed by16S rRNA gene sequencing through Illumina. The data was then analyzed following the pipelines of dada2 and by multiple factor analysis (MFA), mean comparisons, correlation, LEfSe and XGBoost using R software (v.1.2.1335). Multiple comparison results were corrected allowing 5% of FDR.
Results
Using MFA to analyze all variables, we identified 3 clusters: one mainly composed of HC (n=99, 91% HC, GI symptoms in 25% of subjects), a second mixed cluster (n=30, 80% GAD, GI symptoms in 80%) and a third cluster mainly composed of GAD patients (n=50, 98% GAD, GI symptoms in 86%). When focusing only on the HCs of cluster 1 (n=90) and GADs of cluster 3 (n=49), we found higher GI symptoms, body mass index, serum C-reactive protein and stool calprotectin levels (adj. p=1.3x10-9, 0.001, 0.017 and 0.017, respectively) and lower concentrations of propionate, butyrate and acetate in GAD compared to HC. GADs also reported overall lower caloric intake (kJ/day; adj. p=1.7x10-4) in the food frequency questionnaire. Fibre (g/day) was the macronutrient most negatively associated with anxiety scores (R=-0.44; adj. p=4.2x10-5). Bacteroides was the only bacterial taxon significantly associated with GAD, as well as with anxiety scores (R=0.31, adj. p=0.003). Interestingly, Bacteroides/fiber ratio was strongly correlated to anxiety scores (R=0.58, adj. p=2.7x10-09). Furthermore, demographic, biomarkers and bacterial taxa data were predictive of the patients’ disease state with 92.8% accuracy. The features that aid the model to predict disease state were Bacteroides/fiber ratio, GI symptoms and stool acetate levels.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that most GAD patients differ in dietary and microbiota profiles from HCs, and that the Bacteroides/fiber ratio, stool acetate and GI symptoms might be good predictors of disease state. Furthermore, these data strongly support the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in genesis of psychiatric diseases, and they will inform mechanistic studies in gnotobiotic mouse models.
Funding Agencies
NIH
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rabbia
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - R Anglin
- Psychiatry and Medicine (Gastroenterology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Surette
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pujo J, De Palma G, Lu J, Collins SM, Bercik P. A13 GUT MICROBIOTA MODULATES CGRP PRODUCTION BY DRG NEURONS IN FEMALE MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abdominal pain is a common complaint in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of gut function, including visceral sensitivity. Germ-free (GF) mice have been shown to display visceral hypersensitivity, which normalizes after colonization. Thus, gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of gut nociception but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Aims
To investigate the role of gut microbiota in abdominal pain.
Methods
Method: Adult female and male conventionally raised (SPF) or GF mice were used. Their visceral sensitivity was assessed by visceromotor responses to colorectal distension, at baseline (vehicle: Tween 80 10%, Ethanol 10%, saline 80%) and after intracolonic administration of a TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (30 μg), or a mixture of G-protein coupled receptors agonists (GPCR: bradykinin, histamine and serotonin; 30 μg). Neuronal excitability of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons was assessed by calcium imaging using a fluorescent probe Fluo-4 (1 mM) after stimulation with capsaicin (12.5 nM, 125 nM and 1250 nM) or GPCR agonists (0.3 μM, 3 μM and 30 μM). The neuronal production of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in response to capsaicin (1250 nM) or GPCR agonists (30 μM) was measured by ELISA.
Results
At baseline, GF male mice exhibited higher responses to colorectal distension compared to SPF males, while SPF and GF females displayed similar visceral sensitivity. In contrast, both intracolonic capsaicin and GPCR agonists increased visceral sensitivity in GF females compared to SPF females, while responses were comparable in male groups.
DRG neuronal activation after stimulation with capsaicin or GPCR agonists was similar in SPF and GF mice of both sexes. While stimulated production of SP by DRG neurons was similar in SPF and GF mice, regardless of sex, the production of CGRP in response to GPCR agonists was higher in GF female than SPF female mice.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that visceral sensitivity in vivo differs according to the gut microbiota status, sex and the activation of TRPV1 and GPCR pathways. At the level of DRG neurons, the absence of gut microbiota does not affect the neuronal activation or production of SP. However, GPCR agonists-stimulated release of CGRP is higher in GF female compared to SPF female mice. All together, our data demonstrate that the gut microbiota modulates visceral sensitivity by regulating the production of CGRP in the sensory neurons, especially in female mice. Further mechanistic studies are needed to investigate the role of gut microbiota in visceral sensitivity.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pujo
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saqib Z, BAI X, De Palma G, Hynes A, Surette M, Bercik P, Collins SM. A6 MECHANISMS UNDERLYING GUT DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING C. DIFFICILE INFECTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859195 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recent evidence suggests an increasing prevalence of gut dysfunction following C. difficile infection (CDI). The accompanying prolonged antibiotic (AB) exposure likely contributes to chronic gut dysfunction and our ability to induce gut dysfunction in germ free (GF) mice colonized with microbiota from a patient with severe slow transit post CDI (PCDI) supports this notion (10.1093/jcag/gwz047.117). Furthermore, we were able to restore gut function following fecal microbial transfer from healthy murine donors. Our studies have implicated a role for macrophages in the destruction of the Interstitial Cell of Cajal (ICC) network underlying slow colonic transit in the humanized mouse model. These findings prompted us to evaluate microbiota-directed therapy in normalising gut function in this model.
Aims
1)To investigate whether dietary psyllium rescues the development of slow colonic transit (SCT) through modulating host function via microbiota mediated immune mechanisms; and 2)To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of psyllium
Methods
GF mice were colonized with either microbiota from the PCDI patient or healthy control (HC) for 3 weeks following which PCDI mice were treated with either a control diet or a 15% psyllium diet (PSY). Colonic motility was assessed before and after the diet intervention using the bead expulsion test. Stool samples were collected for microbial profiling, and short and branched-chain fatty acids (SCFA/BCFA) analysis. Colonic muscle layers encompassing myenteric plexus (MP) were collected for gene expression analysis and to evaluate activated macrophages and ICC degeneration using immunohistochemistry.
Results
Microbiota from a PCDI patient induced a SCT phenotype in GF mice (n=13) as compared to mice colonized with HC microbiota (p=0.0002). Psyllium rescued this SCT phenotype in mice (PCDI(n=7) vs.PSY(n=6):p=0.0014). The psyllium-induced rescue was accompanied by normalization of the ICC network and morphological alterations in infiltrating macrophages. This was supported by changes in immune-related gene expression in the MP including CD11b, NOS, Myd88, Mapk1 and NF-κB. Additionally, bacterial composition was different between PCDI and PSY group (p=0.003). SCFAs like acetic and propionic acid were increased, while BCFA like isobutyric and isovaleric acid were decreased following PSY treatment. These alterations in SCFA/BCFA were supported by fluctuations in specific bacteria like Butyricimonas, Phascolarctobacterium and Allistipes.
Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that chronic gut dysfunction following CDI and AB exposure is microbiota-driven. Furthermore, microbiota-directed therapy using psyllium could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to normalize gut function via microbiota-mediated restoration of immune homeostasis in these patients.
Funding Agencies
W. Garfield Weston Foundation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Saqib
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - X BAI
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Hynes
- Medicine, McMaster University, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - M Surette
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kraimi N, De Palma G, Lu J, Bowdish D, Verdu E, Sibille E, Prevot T, Collins SM, Bercik P. A14 THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA CONTRIBUTES TO AGE-RELATED MEMORY DECLINE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859314 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related deterioration of cognitive function and memory capacity occur in both humans and rodents. For example, significant memory deficits have been reported in conventionally raised (SPF) old mice compared to conventionally raised young mice submitted to a spatial memory task (Prevot et al., 2019, Mol Neuropsychiatry 5, 84–97). Microbiota-to-brain signaling is now well established in mice and humans, but the extent to which it influences age-associated memory decline is unknown. Aims Our study examines whether the intestinal microbiota contributes to age-associated changes in brain function. We address the specific hypothesis that age-associated cognitive decline is attenuated in the absence of the intestinal microbiota. Methods We assessed anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior, locomotor activity and spatial memory performance in young germ-free (GF) mice (2–3 months of age, n=24) and senescent GF mice (13–27 months old, n=22) maintained in axenic conditions, and compared them to conventionally raised (SPF) mice of the same age. Anxiety-like behavior, locomotor activity and depressive-like behavior were measured using the light-dark preference, open-field, and tail suspension tests. We also used the Y-maze test based on a spontaneous alternation task to assess cognition, with the alternation rate as a proxy of spatial working memory. The age-associated inflammation was assessed with IL-6 cytokine plasma concentrations measured by ELISA. Results Anxiety-like behavior and depressive-like behavior did not change with the age regardless of the microbial status. However, old SPF mice traveled less distance (866.8 cm) than young SPF mice (1375 cm, p < 0.01) in the open-field. Similarly, old GF mice also traveled less distance (458.9 cm) than young GF mice (875.7 cm, p < 0.0001). In contrast to old SPF mice, old GF mice did not show memory impairment in the spatial memory task. Indeed, old SPF mice displayed lower alternation rate of 58.3%, compared to that found in young SPF mice (76.9%, p < 0.05) while both old and young GF mice had an identical alternation rate of 73.3% ( p > 0.05). In addition, IL-6 plasma levels revealed that old GF mice did not show signs of age-associated inflammation that was evident in old SPF mice (3.68 vs. 13.93 pg/ml, p < 0.05). Conclusions We conclude that the absence of age-related memory deficit in old germ-free mice is consistent with a role for the microbiota in age-related cognitive decline, likely mediated via the immune system, as suggested by the absence of age-associated inflammation in germ-free mice. We propose that novel microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies may prevent or delay the cognitive decline of aging. Funding Agencies CIHRBalsam Family Foundation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kraimi
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Bowdish
- McMaster University Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Sibille
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Prevot
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mohan V, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Nardelli A, Borojevic R, De Palma G, Collins SM, Bercik P. A51 ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE EPISODIC NATURE OF SYMPTOMS IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859364 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex functional gastrointestinal disorder with likely heterogenous pathophysiology, multiple symptoms, and comorbidities. Growing evidence shows that the gut microbiota composition and function are altered in IBS patients. However, identifying the critical drivers of clinical expression remains challenging due to the episodic occurrence of IBS symptoms, the inherent variability in composition of gut microbiota across individuals, and high sensitivity of gut microbiota to dietary and environmental cues. Aims To identify whether changes in gut microbiota composition accompany or, predict the occurrence of symptoms. Methods 28 IBS patients (IBS-D n=20, IBS-C n=8) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were followed longitudinally for 25 weeks, collecting stool samples, and recording their symptoms weekly. Stool microbiota profiles were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina platform. The sequences were preprocessed, filtered, and annotated using DADA2 and phyloseq pipelines; statistical analyses were performed using FactomineR and microbiomeanalyst packages in R. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Multifactorial analysis of clinical data classified 950 samples in 6 clusters. Distribution of samples among the clusters was based on Bristol stool scale defining symptomatic periods (scores <3 and >4 indicating abnormal stool) and asymptomatic periods (scores 3 or 4), with several gut and mood symptoms varying significantly between the two categories. IBS-D patients, but not IBS-C patients presented with changes in symptoms severity, such as pain, diarrhea, constipation, and anxiety during the symptomatic periods. Depression scores were, however, higher in IBS-C compared to IBS-D patients. In contrast, immune makers such as fecal b-defensin-2 and calprotectin were higher during asymptomatic periods in IBS-D, but not in IBS-C patients. Bacterial diversity profiles differed among IBS patients (IBS-D and IBS-C) and HC, namely Shannon index and Bray-Curtis distance, but they did not change significantly between the symptomatic and asymptomatic periods within each subtype. Despite this, several bacterial taxa unique to each cluster were identified using linear mixed models. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the need to study patterns of co-occurrence of IBS symptoms and their severity during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods to better understand the role of identified bacterial taxa in the symptom generation. Identifying their temporal changes and cross-feeding patterns in individual patients will shed light on the underlying mechanistic role of gut microbiota in IBS, which might be otherwise obscured by group generalizations. Funding Agencies CIHR
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - A Nardelli
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Borojevic
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bergeron DE, Kossert K, Collins SM, Fenwick AJ. Realization and dissemination of activity standards for medically important alpha-emitting radionuclides. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
34
|
Doherty S, Knight JG, Alharbi HY, Paterson R, Wills C, Dixon C, Šiller L, Chamberlain TW, Griffiths A, Collins SM, Wu K, Simmons MD, Bourne RA, Lovelock KRJ, Seymour J. Efficient Hydrolytic Hydrogen Evolution from Sodium Borohydride Catalyzed by Polymer Immobilized Ionic Liquid‐Stabilized Platinum Nanoparticles. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Doherty
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT) School of Chemistry, Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Julian G. Knight
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT) School of Chemistry, Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Hussam Y. Alharbi
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT) School of Chemistry, Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Reece Paterson
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT) School of Chemistry, Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Corinne Wills
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT) School of Chemistry, Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Casey Dixon
- Newcastle University Centre for Catalysis (NUCAT) School of Chemistry, Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Lidija Šiller
- School of Engineering, Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Thomas W. Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research & Development School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Institute of Process Research & Development School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Sean M. Collins
- Institute of Process Research & Development School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Kejun Wu
- Institute of Process Research & Development School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Matthew D. Simmons
- Institute of Process Research & Development School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research & Development School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Jake Seymour
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Böhning J, Bharat TAM, Collins SM. Compressed sensing for electron cryotomography and high-resolution subtomogram averaging of biological specimens. Structure 2022; 30:408-417.e4. [PMID: 35051366 PMCID: PMC8919266 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) and subtomogram averaging (STA) allow direct visualization and structural studies of biological macromolecules in their native cellular environment, in situ. Often, low signal-to-noise ratios in tomograms, low particle abundance within the cell, and low throughput in typical cryo-ET workflows severely limit the obtainable structural information. To help mitigate these limitations, here we apply a compressed sensing approach using 3D second-order total variation (CS-TV2) to tomographic reconstruction. We show that CS-TV2 increases the signal-to-noise ratio in tomograms, enhancing direct visualization of macromolecules, while preserving high-resolution information up to the secondary structure level. We show that, particularly with small datasets, CS-TV2 allows improvement of the resolution of STA maps. We further demonstrate that the CS-TV2 algorithm is applicable to cellular specimens, leading to increased visibility of molecular detail within tomograms. This work highlights the potential of compressed sensing-based reconstruction algorithms for cryo-ET and in situ structural biology. Compressed sensing (CS-TV2) for cryo-ET using 3D second-order total variation CS-TV2 increases signal contrast while retaining high-resolution information Improved subtomogram averaging from CS-TV2 reconstructions of small datasets Increased contrast and detail in CS-TV2 reconstructions of cellular specimens
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Böhning
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Tanmay A M Bharat
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Sung J, Schnedermann C, Ojambati OS, Chikkaraddy R, Gorman J, Jacucci G, Onelli OD, Willhammar T, Johnstone DN, Collins SM, Midgley PA, Auras F, Baikie T, Jayaprakash R, Mathevet F, Soucek R, Du M, Alvertis AM, Ashoka A, Vignolini S, Lidzey DG, Baumberg JJ, Friend RH, Barisien T, Legrand L, Chin AW, Yuen-Zhou J, Saikin SK, Kukura P, Musser AJ, Rao A. Microcavity-like exciton-polaritons can be the primary photoexcitation in bare organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6519. [PMID: 34764252 PMCID: PMC8585971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong-coupling between excitons and confined photonic modes can lead to the formation of new quasi-particles termed exciton-polaritons which can display a range of interesting properties such as super-fluidity, ultrafast transport and Bose-Einstein condensation. Strong-coupling typically occurs when an excitonic material is confided in a dielectric or plasmonic microcavity. Here, we show polaritons can form at room temperature in a range of chemically diverse, organic semiconductor thin films, despite the absence of an external cavity. We find evidence of strong light-matter coupling via angle-dependent peak splittings in the reflectivity spectra of the materials and emission from collective polariton states. We additionally show exciton-polaritons are the primary photoexcitation in these organic materials by directly imaging their ultrafast (5 × 106 m s-1), ultralong (~270 nm) transport. These results open-up new fundamental physics and could enable a new generation of organic optoelectronic and light harvesting devices based on cavity-free exciton-polaritons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Qifei Gu
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Oluwafemi S. Ojambati
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianni Jacucci
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Olimpia D. Onelli
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tom Willhammar
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duncan N. Johnstone
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean M. Collins
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A. Midgley
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Auras
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomi Baikie
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- grid.462019.80000 0004 0370 0168Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Richard Soucek
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthew Du
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Antonios M. Alvertis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Arjun Ashoka
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - David G. Lidzey
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, UK
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard H. Friend
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Thierry Barisien
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Legrand
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alex W. Chin
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Semion K. Saikin
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA ,grid.510678.dKebotix Inc., 501 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Philipp Kukura
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Andrew J. Musser
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Goodwin MA, Bell SJ, Britton R, Davies AV, Abilama M, Collins SM, Shearman R, Regan PH. Production and measurement of fission product noble gases. J Environ Radioact 2021; 238-239:106733. [PMID: 34492603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous fission products have been produced via thermal neutron irradiation of a highly-enriched uranium target and extracted using a custom gas processing system for measurement on a prototype, high-resolution β - γ coincidence detection system. The gas was extracted and measured in two stages in order to measure the prompt and β--delayed fission products. This paper presents an overview of the system used to produce gaseous fission products, and the results of the advanced coincidence spectrometry techniques used to identify and quantify decays from the radionuclides produced, including the noble gases 85Kr, 85mKr, 88Kr, 133Xe, 135Xe, 133mXe and 135mXe, as well as 133I and 88Rb. The measurements were validated by determination of the nuclear decay half-lives, specifically for the ground state decay of 135Xe, which was found to be 9.15(49) hours and consistent with the literature value. This work demonstrates the UK capability to produce gaseous radionuclides for quality assurance and calibration purposes in Radionuclide Laboratories supporting the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Goodwin
- AWE Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Steven J Bell
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | | | | | - Marc Abilama
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Robert Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Patrick H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hou J, Chen P, Shukla A, Krajnc A, Wang T, Li X, Doasa R, Tizei LHG, Chan B, Johnstone DN, Lin R, Schülli TU, Martens I, Appadoo D, Ari MS, Wang Z, Wei T, Lo SC, Lu M, Li S, Namdas EB, Mali G, Cheetham AK, Collins SM, Chen V, Wang L, Bennett TD. Liquid-phase sintering of lead halide perovskites and metal-organic framework glasses. Science 2021; 374:621-625. [PMID: 34709926 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Atul Shukla
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia.,Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tiesheng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Rana Doasa
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Luiz H G Tizei
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Rijia Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mark S' Ari
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Tong Wei
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Mingyuan Lu
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Shichun Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia.,Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gregor Mali
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Balart MT, Russell L, Narula N, Bajaj G, Chauhan U, Khan KJ, Marwaha AN, Ching E, Biro J, Halder S, Tse F, Marshall JK, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Bercik P, Verdu EF, Leontiadis GI, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. Declining Use of Corticosteroids for Crohn's Disease Has Implications for Study Recruitment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021; 4:214-221. [PMID: 34617003 PMCID: PMC8489529 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids (CS) have been used extensively to induce remission in Crohn’s disease (CD); however, they are associated with severe side effects. We hypothesized that the administration of an exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) formula to CS would lead to increased CD remission rates and to decreased CS-related adverse events. We proposed to undertake a pilot study comparing EEN and CS therapy to CS alone to assess decrease symptoms and inflammatory markers over 6 weeks. Aim The overall aim was to assess study feasibility based on recruitment rates and acceptability of treatment in arms involving EEN Methods The pilot study intended to recruit 100 adult patients with active CD who had been prescribed CS to induce remission as part of their care. The patients were randomized to one of three arms: (i) standard-dose CS; (ii) standard-dose CS plus EEN (Modulen 1.5 kcal); or (iii) short-course CS plus EEN. Results A total of 2009 CD patients attending gastroenterology clinics were screened from October 2018 to November 2019. Prednisone was prescribed to only 6.8% (27/399) of patients with active CD attending outpatient clinics. Of the remaining 372 patients with active CD, 34.8% (139/399) started or escalated immunosuppressant or biologics, 49.6% (198/399) underwent further investigation and 8.8% (35/399) were offered an alternative treatment (e.g., antibiotics, surgery or investigational agents in clinical trials). Only three patients were enrolled in the study (recruitment rate 11%; 3/27), and the study was terminated for poor recruitment. Conclusion The apparent decline in use of CS for treatment of CD has implications for CS use as an entry criterion for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Balart
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Russell
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Narula
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G Bajaj
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Brampton Endoscopy Centre, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - U Chauhan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K J Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Ching
- GI Health Centre, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J Biro
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Halder
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - F Tse
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J K Marshall
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G I Leontiadis
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Austin AB, Collins SM, Huggins RA, Smith BA, Bowman TG. The Impact of Environmental Conditions on Player Loads During Preseason Training Sessions in Women's Soccer Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2775-2782. [PMID: 34387222 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Austin, AB, Collins, SM, Huggins, RA, Smith, BA, and Bowman, TG. The impact of environmental conditions on player loads during preseason training sessions in women's soccer athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2775-2782, 2021-Our objective was to determine the impact of environmental conditions on player loads during preseason training sessions in women's soccer athletes. Eleven women's NCAA Division III soccer players (age = 20 ± 1 year, height = 167.28 ± 8.65 cm, body mass = 60.18 ± 5.42 kg, V̇o2max = 43.70 ± 3.95 ml·kg-1·min-1) volunteered to wear Global Positioning System (GPS) devices (Sports Performance Tracking, Melbourne, Australia) that provided measures of training session external intensity throughout all preseason practices (n = 15). We recorded wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), session Rating of Perceived Exertion-Training Load (sRPE-TL), and ΔBM during each preseason training session and set α ≤ 0.05. The combination of WBGT, sRPE-TL, and ΔBM explained 34% of the variance in GPS-based intensity score (proprietary measure) (F3,153 = 26.25, p < 0.001). Wet-bulb globe temperature (t156 = -2.58, p = 0.01), sRPE (t156 = 8.24, p < 0.001), and ΔBM (t156 = 2.39, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with intensity. The ΔBM from prepractice (60.00 ± 5.21 kg) to postpractice (59.61 ± 5.10 kg) was statistically significant (p < 0.001); however, ΔBM from the beginning of preseason (59.87 ± 5.31 kg) to the end of preseason (59.91 ± 5.58 kg) was not significant (p = 0.89). Despite relatively low to moderate environmental conditions, increases in WBGT were associated with reductions in GPS intensity and elevated internal load via sRPE-TL. Our findings support the association between exercise intensity and WBGT, internal load, and hydration status; thus, coaches and exercise scientists should take these factors into account when monitoring or interpreting intensity metrics. Furthermore, these findings support the continued use of environmental monitoring and hydration best-practice policies to limit exercise intensity in the heat so as to mitigate excessive heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean M Collins
- Exercise Physiology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, Virginia; and
| | - Robert A Huggins
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sokołowski K, Huang J, Földes T, McCune JA, Xu DD, de Nijs B, Chikkaraddy R, Collins SM, Rosta E, Baumberg JJ, Scherman OA. Nanoparticle surfactants for kinetically arrested photoactive assemblies to track light-induced electron transfer. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1121-1129. [PMID: 34475556 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nature controls the assembly of complex architectures through self-limiting processes; however, few artificial strategies to mimic these processes have been reported to date. Here we demonstrate a system comprising two types of nanocrystal (NC), where the self-limiting assembly of one NC component controls the aggregation of the other. Our strategy uses semiconducting InP/ZnS core-shell NCs (3 nm) as effective assembly modulators and functional nanoparticle surfactants in cucurbit[n]uril-triggered aggregation of AuNCs (5-60 nm), allowing the rapid formation (within seconds) of colloidally stable hybrid aggregates. The resultant assemblies efficiently harvest light within the semiconductor substructures, inducing out-of-equilibrium electron transfer processes, which can now be simultaneously monitored through the incorporated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-active plasmonic compartments. Spatial confinement of electron mediators (for example, methyl viologen (MV2+)) within the hybrids enables the direct observation of photogenerated radical species as well as molecular recognition in real time, providing experimental evidence for the formation of elusive σ-(MV+)2 dimeric species. This approach paves the way for widespread use of analogous hybrids for the long-term real-time tracking of interfacial charge transfer processes, such as the light-driven generation of radicals and catalysis with operando spectroscopies under irreversible conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sokołowski
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Junyang Huang
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamás Földes
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, UK
| | - Jade A McCune
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David D Xu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sneyd AJ, Fukui T, Paleček D, Prodhan S, Wagner I, Zhang Y, Sung J, Collins SM, Slater TJA, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, MacFarlane LR, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Wang L, Whittell GR, Hodgkiss JM, Chen K, Beljonne D, Manners I, Friend RH, Rao A. Efficient energy transport in an organic semiconductor mediated by transient exciton delocalization. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/32/eabh4232. [PMID: 34348902 PMCID: PMC8336960 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient energy transport is desirable in organic semiconductor (OSC) devices. However, photogenerated excitons in OSC films mostly occupy highly localized states, limiting exciton diffusion coefficients to below ~10-2 cm2/s and diffusion lengths below ~50 nm. We use ultrafast optical microscopy and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to study well-ordered poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofiber films prepared using living crystallization-driven self-assembly, and reveal a highly efficient energy transport regime: transient exciton delocalization, where energy exchange with vibrational modes allows excitons to temporarily re-access spatially extended states under equilibrium conditions. We show that this enables exciton diffusion constants up to 1.1 ± 0.1 cm2/s and diffusion lengths of 300 ± 50 nm. Our results reveal the dynamic interplay between localized and delocalized exciton configurations at equilibrium conditions, calling for a re-evaluation of exciton dynamics and suggesting design rules to engineer efficient energy transport in OSC device architectures not based on restrictive bulk heterojunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sneyd
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tomoya Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - David Paleček
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Suryoday Prodhan
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Isabella Wagner
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas J A Slater
- Electron Physical Science Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Liam R MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - J Diego Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Linjun Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium.
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maust Z, Bradney D, Collins SM, Wesley C, Bowman TG. The Effects of Soft Tissue Flossing on Hamstring Range of Motion and Lower Extremity Power. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:689-694. [PMID: 34123521 PMCID: PMC8168981 DOI: 10.26603/001c.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flossing includes wrapping a specialized latex band around a muscle group providing compression, partially occluding blood flow, followed by performing exercises. This is hypothesized to improve flexibility by dissipating myofascial adhesions; however, research is lacking. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the application of a floss band to the thigh on hamstring flexibility and lower extremity power. DESIGN Crossover Study. SETTING Exercise Physiology Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one recreationally active individuals (8 male, 13 female; age = 22.62±2.99 years; height = 171.52±9.08 cm; mass = 73.57±11.37 kg). METHODS Three counterbalanced interventions were studied during body weight squats, lunges, and hamstring curls (without resistance): floss, sham, and control. The floss treatment included wrapping the Rogue Wide Voodoo Floss Band™ from the proximal knee to the gluteal fold at a pressure of 140 to 200 mmHg. The sham treatment included wrapping the same band in the same location with less pressure (10 to 40 mmHg) while the control treatment did not include floss band application. Hip flexion range of motion, via the straight leg raise, and power (single-leg vertical jump) were compared from pre-test to post-test using a 3x2 repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between time and session for hamstring flexibility (F(2,40)=17.54, p<0.001, η2=0.47). Post hoc tests showed significant differences between pre- (86.14±8.06 degrees) and post-test (90.81±7.69 degrees) for the floss session (p<0.001, Mean Difference=4.67, CI95=3.35-5.98) and between pre- (87.67±7.51 degrees) and post-test (89.86±7.88 degrees) for the sham session (p=0.001, Mean Difference=2.19, CI95=0.98-3.40). There were no significant interactions for jump power (F(2,40)=1.82, P=0.18, η2=0.08, 1-β=0.36). CONCLUSIONS Flossing treatment increased hamstring flexibility more than the sham session without affecting lower body power. Flossing could be beneficial when treatment or performance preparation goals are increased flexibility without decreased power. Future studies should continue to examine the clinical effectiveness of flossing on an injured population.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sapnik AF, Johnstone DN, Collins SM, Divitini G, Bumstead AM, Ashling CW, Chater PA, Keeble DS, Johnson T, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Stepwise collapse of a giant pore metal-organic framework. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5011-5022. [PMID: 33877199 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Defect engineering is a powerful tool that can be used to tailor the properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Here, we incorporate defects through ball milling to systematically vary the porosity of the giant pore MOF, MIL-100 (Fe). We show that milling leads to the breaking of metal-linker bonds, generating additional coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, and ultimately causes amorphisation. Pair distribution function analysis shows the hierarchical local structure is partially retained, even in the amorphised material. We find that solvents can be used to stabilise the MIL-100 (Fe) framework against collapse, which leads to a substantial retention of porosity over the non-stabilised material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sapnik AF, Bechis I, Collins SM, Johnstone DN, Divitini G, Smith AJ, Chater PA, Addicoat MA, Johnson T, Keen DA, Jelfs KE, Bennett TD. Mixed hierarchical local structure in a disordered metal-organic framework. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2062. [PMID: 33824324 PMCID: PMC8024318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of materials. However, their structural characterisation represents a significant challenge. Fe-BTC, and the commercial equivalent Basolite® F300, are MOFs with incredibly diverse catalytic ability, yet their disordered structures remain poorly understood. Here, we use advanced electron microscopy to identify a nanocomposite structure of Fe-BTC where nanocrystalline domains are embedded within an amorphous matrix, whilst synchrotron total scattering measurements reveal the extent of local atomic order within Fe-BTC. We use a polymerisation-based algorithm to generate an atomistic structure for Fe-BTC, the first example of this methodology applied to the amorphous MOF field outside the well-studied zeolitic imidazolate framework family. This demonstrates the applicability of this computational approach towards the modelling of other amorphous MOF systems with potential generality towards all MOF chemistries and connectivities. We find that the structures of Fe-BTC and Basolite® F300 can be represented by models containing a mixture of short- and medium-range order with a greater proportion of medium-range order in Basolite® F300 than in Fe-BTC. We conclude by discussing how our approach may allow for high-throughput computational discovery of functional, amorphous MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene Bechis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Collins SM, Lininger MR, Bowman TG. The Effect Of Mild Exercise Induced Dehydration On Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) Scores: A within-subjects design. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:511-517. [PMID: 33842047 PMCID: PMC8016414 DOI: 10.26603/001c.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports-related concussions are prevalent in the United States. Various diagnostic tools are utilized in order to monitor deviations from baseline in memory, reaction time, symptoms, and balance. Evidence indicates that dehydration may also alter the results of diagnostic tests. PURPOSE The purpose was to determine the effect of exercise-induced dehydration on performance related to concussion examination tools. STUDY DESIGN Repeated measures design. METHODS Seventeen recreationally competitive, non-concussed participants (age: 23.1±3.1 years, height:168.93±10.71 cm, mass: 66.16 ± 6.91 kg) performed three thermoneutral, counterbalanced sessions (rested control, euhydrated, dehydrated). Participants were either restricted (0.0 L/hr) or provided fluids (1.0 L/hr) while treadmill running for 60 min at an intensity equal to 65-70% age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR). The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) was utilized to assess symptoms, memory, balance, and coordination. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were seen among sessions for symptom severity and symptom total. The rested control session had significantly lower values when compared to the dehydrated session. Additionally, the symptom total in the rested control was significantly lower than the euhydrated condition as well. No statistically significant differences were seen for the BESS or memory scores. CONCLUSIONS Mild exercise-induced dehydration results in increased self-reported symptoms associated with concussions. Clinicians tasked with monitoring and accurately diagnosing head trauma should take factors such as hydration status into account when assessing patients for concussion with the SCAT3. Clinicians should proceed with caution and not assume concussion as primary cause for symptom change. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bergeron DE, Collins SM, Pibida L, Cessna JT, Fitzgerald R, Zimmerman BE, Ivanov P, Keightley JD, Napoli E. Ra-224 activity, half-life, and 241 keV gamma ray absolute emission intensity: A NIST-NPL bilateral comparison. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 170:109572. [PMID: 33461017 PMCID: PMC8406413 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The national metrology institutes for the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) have compared activity standards for 224Ra, an α-particle emitter of interest as the basis for therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Solutions of 224RaCl2 were assayed by absolute methods, including digital coincidence counting and triple-to-double coincidence ratio liquid scintillation counting. Ionization chamber and high-purity germanium (HPGe) γ-ray spectrometry calibrations were compared; further, a solution was shipped between laboratories for a direct comparison by HPGe spectrometry. New determinations of the absolute emission intensity for the 241 keV γ ray (Iγ = 4.011(16) per 100 disintegrations of 224Ra) and of the 224Ra half-life (T1/2 = 3.6313(14) d) are presented and discussed in the context of previous measurements and evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Bergeron
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Sean M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Leticia Pibida
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Cessna
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Ryan Fitzgerald
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Brian E Zimmerman
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Peter Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - John D Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Elisa Napoli
- Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kraimi N, De Palma G, Lu J, Bowdish D, Verdu E, Sibille E, Prevot T, Collins SM, Bercik P. A238 ABSENCE OF AGE-RELATED MEMORY DECLINE IN GERM-FREE MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Age-associated deterioration of cognitive function and memory capacity occur in a variety of mammals, from humans to rodents. For example, significant memory deficits have been reported in conventionally raised (SPF) old mice compared to conventionally raised young mice submitted to a spatial memory task (Prevot et al., Mol Neuropsychiatry 2019). Microbiota to brain signaling is now well established in mice, but the extent to which this influences age-related memory decline is unknown.
Aims
Our project aims to determine whether the intestinal microbiota contributes to age-related changes in brain function. We address the hypothesis that age-related cognitive decline is attenuated in the absence of the intestinal microbiota.
Methods
We studied locomotor behavior and spatial memory performance in young germ-free (GF) mice (2–3 months of age, n=24) and senescent GF mice (13–27 months old, n=22) maintained in axenic conditions, and compared them to conventionally raised (SPF) mice. We used the Y-maze test based on a spontaneous alternations task to assess cognition, with alternation rate as a proxy of spatial working memory performance. The locomotor activity was measured using the open-field test.
Results
GF old mice traveled less distance (458.9 cm) than GF young mice (875.7 cm, p < 0.001) but these differences in locomotor activity did not influence spatial memory performance. Indeed, both GF old and GF young mice had an identical alternation rate of 73.3% (p > 0.05). This contrasted with the memory impairment found in old SPF mice that displayed lower alternation rate of 58.3%, compared to that found in young SPF mice (76.2%, p = 0.13).
Conclusions
We conclude that the absence of age-related memory decline in germ-free mice is consistent with a role for the microbiota in the cognitive decline associated with aging, likely through action on the immune system, well documented in SPF mice (Thevaranjan et al., Cell Host & Microbe 2017). We propose that novel microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies may delay or prevent the cognitive decline of aging.
Funding Agencies
CIHRBalsam Family Foundation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kraimi
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Bowdish
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Sibille
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Prevot
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pujo J, De Palma G, Lu J, Collins SM, Bercik P. A9 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA NEURONAL RESPONSES AND SUBSTANCE P PRODUCTION ARE HIGHER IN MALE MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abdominal pain is a common complaint in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of gut function, including visceral sensitivity. Germ-free (GF) mice have been shown to display visceral hypersensitivity, which normalizes after colonization. Sex also appears to play a key role in visceral sensitivity, as women report more abdominal pain than men. Thus, both gut bacteria and sex are important in the regulation of gut nociception, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Aims
To investigate the role of gut microbiota and sex in abdominal pain.
Methods
We used primary cultures of sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of female and male conventionally raised (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice (7–18 weeks old). To study the visceral afferent activity in vitro, calcium mobilization in DRG sensory neurons was measured by inverted fluorescence microscope using a fluorescent calcium probe Fluo-4 (1mM). Two parameters were considered i) the percentage of responding neurons ii) the intensity of the neuronal response. First, DRG sensory neurons were stimulated by a TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (12.5nM, 125nM and 1.25µM) or by a mixture of G-protein coupled receptors agonist (GPCR: bradykinin, histamine and serotonin; 1µM, 10µM and 100µM). We next measured the neuronal production of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two neuropeptides associated with nociception, in response to capsaicin (1.25µM) or GPCR agonists (100µM) by ELISA and EIA, respectively.
Results
The percentage of neurons responding to capsaicin and GPCR agonists was similar in male and female SPF and GF mice. However, the intensity of the neuronal response was higher in SPF male compared to SPF female in response to capsaicin (125nM: p=0.0336; 1.25µM: p=0.033) but not to GPCR agonists. Neuronal activation was similar in GF and SPF mice of both sexes after administration of capsaicin or GPCR agonists. Furthermore, substance P and CGRP production by sensory neurons induced by capsaicin or GPCR agonists was similar in SPF and GF mice, regardless of sex. However, while the response to capsaicin was similar, the GPCR agonists-induced production of substance P was higher in SPF male mice compared to SPF females (p=0.003). The GPCR agonists-induced production of CGRP was similar in SPF male and female mice.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that at the level of DRG neurons, the absence of gut microbiota does not predispose to visceral hypersensitivity. The intensity of DRG neuronal responses to capsaicin and the GPCR agonists-induced production of substance P are higher in male compared to female mice, in contrast to previously published studies in various models of acute and chronic pain. Further studies are thus needed to investigate the role of sex in visceral sensitivity.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pujo
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Orr KWP, Collins SM, Reynolds EM, Nightingale F, Boström HLB, Cassidy SJ, Dawson DM, Ashbrook SE, Magdysyuk OV, Midgley PA, Goodwin AL, Yeung HHM. Single-step synthesis and interface tuning of core-shell metal-organic framework nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4494-4502. [PMID: 34163714 PMCID: PMC8179513 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03940c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Control over the spatial distribution of components in metal–organic frameworks has potential to unlock improved performance and new behaviour in separations, sensing and catalysis. We report an unprecedented single-step synthesis of multi-component metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles based on the canonical ZIF-8 (Zn) system and its Cd analogue, which form with a core–shell structure whose internal interface can be systematically tuned. We use scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and a new composition gradient model to fit high-resolution X-ray diffraction data to show how core–shell composition and interface characteristics are intricately controlled by synthesis temperature and reaction composition. Particle formation is investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction, which reveals that the spatial distribution of components evolves with time and is determined by the interplay of phase stability, crystallisation kinetics and diffusion. This work opens up new possibilities for the control and characterisation of functionality, component distribution and interfaces in MOF-based materials. Core–shell metal–organic framework nanoparticles have been synthesised in which the internal interface and distribution of components is found to be highly tunable using simple variations in reaction conditions.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran W P Orr
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK.,School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Chemistry, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Emily M Reynolds
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK.,ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxon, OX11 0QX UK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Hanna L B Boström
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Simon J Cassidy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Daniel M Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Oxana V Magdysyuk
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 0DE UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Andrew L Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Hamish H-M Yeung
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Haworth Building, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK +44 (0)121 414 8811
| |
Collapse
|