1
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Sapnik AF, Thorne MF, Castillo-Blas C, Keenan L, Johnson T, Bennett TD. Transient intermediate in the formation of an amorphous metal-organic framework. Soft Matter 2024; 20:2338-2347. [PMID: 38372182 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01658g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous metal-organic frameworks are rarely formed via direct synthesis. Our limited understanding of their atomic assembly in solution prevents full exploitation of their unique structural complexity. Here, we use in situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy with sub-second time resolution to probe the formation of the amorphous Fe-BTC framework. Using a combination of spectral fingerprinting, linear combination analysis, and principal component analysis coupled with kinetic analyses, we reveal a multi-stage formation mechanism that, crucially, proceeds via the generation of a transient intermediate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Michael F Thorne
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Luke Keenan
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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2
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Chester AM, Castillo-Blas C, Sajzew R, Rodrigues BP, Mas-Balleste R, Moya A, Snelson JE, Collins SM, Sapnik AF, Robertson GP, Irving DJM, Wondraczek L, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Structural insights into hybrid immiscible blends of metal-organic framework and sodium ultraphosphate glasses. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11737-11748. [PMID: 37920351 PMCID: PMC10619634 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02305b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, increased attention has been focused on amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and, more specifically, MOF glasses, the first new glass category discovered since the 1970s. In this work, we explore the fabrication of a compositional series of hybrid blends, the first example of blending a MOF and inorganic glass. We combine ZIF-62(Zn) glass and an inorganic glass, 30Na2O-70P2O5, to combine the chemical versatility of the MOF glass with the mechanical properties of the inorganic glass. We investigate the interfacial interactions between the two components using pair distribution function analysis and solid state NMR spectroscopy, and suggest potential interactions between the two phases. Thermal analysis of the blend samples indicated that they were less thermally stable than the starting materials and had a Tg shifted relative to the pristine materials. Annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nanoindentation and 31P NMR all indicated close mixing of the two phases, suggesting the formation of immiscible blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Chester
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Roman Sajzew
- Otto Schott Institute Materials Research, University of Jena Fraunhoferstrasse 6 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Bruno P Rodrigues
- Otto Schott Institute Materials Research, University of Jena Fraunhoferstrasse 6 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ruben Mas-Balleste
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Moya
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Jessica E Snelson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Georgina P Robertson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Daniel J M Irving
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute Materials Research, University of Jena Fraunhoferstrasse 6 07743 Jena Germany
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
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3
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Castillo-Blas C, Chester AM, Cosquer RP, Sapnik AF, Corti L, Sajzew R, Poletto-Rodrigues B, Robertson GP, Irving DJ, McHugh LN, Wondraczek L, Blanc F, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Interfacial Bonding between a Crystalline Metal-Organic Framework and an Inorganic Glass. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22913-22924. [PMID: 37819708 PMCID: PMC10603780 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The interface within a composite is critically important for the chemical and physical properties of these materials. However, experimental structural studies of the interfacial regions within metal-organic framework (MOF) composites are extremely challenging. Here, we provide the first example of a new MOF composite family, i.e., using an inorganic glass matrix host in place of the commonly used organic polymers. Crucially, we also decipher atom-atom interactions at the interface. In particular, we dispersed a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) within a phosphate glass matrix and identified interactions at the interface using several different analysis methods of pair distribution function and multinuclear multidimensional magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These demonstrated glass-ZIF atom-atom correlations. Additionally, carbon dioxide uptake and stability tests were also performed to check the increment of the surface area and the stability and durability of the material in different media. This opens up possibilities for creating new composites that include the intrinsic chemical properties of the constituent MOFs and inorganic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Ashleigh M. Chester
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Ronan P. Cosquer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Lucia Corti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation
Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Roman Sajzew
- Otto
Schott Institute of Materials Research, University of Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Poletto-Rodrigues
- Otto
Schott Institute of Materials Research, University of Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Georgina P. Robertson
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Daniel J.M. Irving
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Lauren N. McHugh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto
Schott Institute of Materials Research, University of Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation
Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
| | - David A. Keen
- ISIS
Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Thomas D. Bennett
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
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4
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Sapnik AF, Sun C, Laulainen JEM, Johnstone DN, Brydson R, Johnson T, Midgley PA, Bennett TD, Collins SM. Mapping nanocrystalline disorder within an amorphous metal-organic framework. Commun Chem 2023; 6:92. [PMID: 37169838 PMCID: PMC10175482 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intentionally disordered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) display rich functional behaviour. However, the characterisation of their atomic structures remains incredibly challenging. X-ray pair distribution function techniques have been pivotal in determining their average local structure but are largely insensitive to spatial variations in the structure. Fe-BTC (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) is a nanocomposite MOF, known for its catalytic properties, comprising crystalline nanoparticles and an amorphous matrix. Here, we use scanning electron diffraction to first map the crystalline and amorphous components to evaluate domain size and then to carry out electron pair distribution function analysis to probe the spatially separated atomic structure of the amorphous matrix. Further Bragg scattering analysis reveals systematic orientational disorder within Fe-BTC's nanocrystallites, showing over 10° of continuous lattice rotation across single particles. Finally, we identify candidate unit cells for the crystalline component. These independent structural analyses quantify disorder in Fe-BTC at the critical length scale for engineering composite MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rik Brydson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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5
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Bumstead AM, Castillo-Blas C, Pakamorė I, Thorne MF, Sapnik AF, Chester AM, Robertson G, Irving DJM, Chater PA, Keen DA, Forgan RS, Bennett TD. Formation of a meltable purinate metal-organic framework and its glass analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:732-735. [PMID: 36541403 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemistries that can be incorporated within melt-quenched zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) glasses are currently limited. Here we describe the preparation of a previously unknown purine-containing ZIF which we name ZIF-UC-7. We find that it melts and forms a glass at one of the lowest temperatures reported for 3D hybrid frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Bumstead
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Ignas Pakamorė
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael F Thorne
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Ashleigh M Chester
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Georgina Robertson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Daniel J M Irving
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ross S Forgan
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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6
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Bechis I, Sapnik AF, Tarzia A, Wolpert EH, Addicoat MA, Keen DA, Bennett TD, Jelfs KE. Modeling the Effect of Defects and Disorder in Amorphous Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chem Mater 2022; 34:9042-9054. [PMID: 36313398 PMCID: PMC9609304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous metal-organic frameworks (aMOFs) are a class of disordered framework materials with a defined local order given by the connectivity between inorganic nodes and organic linkers, but absent long-range order. The rational development of function for aMOFs is hindered by our limited understanding of the underlying structure-property relationships in these systems, a consequence of the absence of long-range order, which makes experimental characterization particularly challenging. Here, we use a versatile modeling approach to generate in silico structural models for an aMOF based on Fe trimers and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) linkers, Fe-BTC. We build a phase space for this material that includes nine amorphous phases with different degrees of defects and local order. These models are analyzed through a combination of structural analysis, pore analysis, and pair distribution functions. Therefore, we are able to systematically explore the effects of the variation of each of these features, both in isolation and combined, for a disordered MOF system, something that would not be possible through experiment alone. We find that the degree of local order has a greater impact on structure and properties than the degree of defects. The approach presented here is versatile and allows for the study of different structural features and MOF chemistries, enabling the derivation of design rules for the rational development of aMOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bechis
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Emma H. Wolpert
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Matthew A. Addicoat
- School
of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent
University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
| | - David A. Keen
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Thomas D. Bennett
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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7
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Bumstead AM, Thorne MF, Sapnik AF, Castillo-Blas C, Lampronti GI, Bennett TD. Investigating the chemical sensitivity of melting in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13636-13645. [PMID: 36039615 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) that form melt-quenched glasses remains limited, with most displaying the cag network topology. Here, we expand our studies to zni topology ZIFs, starting with ZIF-zni [Zn(Im)2] before changing its linker chemistry, by incorporating 2-methylimidazolate and 5-aminobenzimidazolate. ZIF-zni was found to melt and form a glass, with Tm = 576 °C and Tg = 322 °C, although it was not possible to prepare the glass without zinc oxide impurities. The addition of 2-methylimidazolate to the structure gave ZIF-61 [Zn(Im)1.35(mIm)0.65], which decomposed without passing through the liquid state. However, incorporating small quantities of 5-aminobenzimidazolate resulted in a ZIF [Zn(Im)1.995(abIm)0.005] with a lower melting temperature (Tm = 569 °C) than pure ZIF-zni, and no evidence of zinc oxide growth. This demonstrates the sensitivity of melting behaviour in ZIFs towards linker chemistry, with only a 0.25% variation capable of eliciting a 7 °C change in melting temperature. This study highlights the chemical sensitivity of melting in ZIFs and serves as a promising strategy for tuning their melting behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Bumstead
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Michael F Thorne
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Giulio I Lampronti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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8
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Sapnik AF, Bechis I, Bumstead AM, Johnson T, Chater PA, Keen DA, Jelfs KE, Bennett TD. Multivariate analysis of disorder in metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2173. [PMID: 35449202 PMCID: PMC9023516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational design of disordered frameworks is an appealing route to target functional materials. However, intentional realisation of such materials relies on our ability to readily characterise and quantify structural disorder. Here, we use multivariate analysis of pair distribution functions to fingerprint and quantify the disorder within a series of compositionally identical metal–organic frameworks, possessing different crystalline, disordered, and amorphous structures. We find this approach can provide powerful insight into the kinetics and mechanism of structural collapse that links these materials. Our methodology is also extended to a very different system, namely the melting of a zeolitic imidazolate framework, to demonstrate the potential generality of this approach across many areas of disordered structural chemistry. Structural disorder in materials is challenging to characterise. Here, the authors use multivariate analysis of atomic pair distribution functions to study structural collapse and melting of metal–organic frameworks, revealing powerful mechanistic and kinetic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Irene Bechis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alice M Bumstead
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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9
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Bumstead A, Pakamorė I, Richards KD, Thorne MF, Boyadjieva SS, Castillo-Blas C, McHugh LN, Sapnik AF, Keeble DS, Keen DA, Evans RC, Forgan RS, Bennett TD. Post-Synthetic Modification of a Metal-Organic Framework Glass. Chem Mater 2022; 34:2187-2196. [PMID: 35578693 PMCID: PMC9100367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melt-quenched metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses have gained significant interest as the first new category of glass reported in 50 years. In this work, an amine-functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), denoted ZIF-UC-6, was prepared and demonstrated to undergo both melting and glass formation. The presence of an amine group resulted in a lower melting temperature compared to other ZIFs, while also allowing material properties to be tuned by post-synthetic modification (PSM). As a prototypical example, the ZIF glass surface was functionalized with octyl isocyanate, changing its behavior from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. PSM therefore provides a promising strategy for tuning the surface properties of MOF glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice
M. Bumstead
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Ignas Pakamorė
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Kieran D. Richards
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Michael F. Thorne
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Sophia S. Boyadjieva
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Lauren N. McHugh
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Dean S. Keeble
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Diamond
House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - David A. Keen
- ISIS
Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0QX, U.K.
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Ross S. Forgan
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Thomas D. Bennett
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
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10
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Thorne MF, Sapnik AF, McHugh LN, Bumstead AM, Castillo-Blas C, Keeble DS, Diaz Lopez M, Chater PA, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Glassy behaviour of mechanically amorphised ZIF-62 isomorphs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9272-9275. [PMID: 34519299 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) can be melt-quenched to form glasses. Here, we present an alternative route to glassy ZIFs via mechanically induced amorphisation. This approach allows various glassy ZIFs to be produced in under 30 minutes at room temperature, without the need for melt-quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Thorne
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Lauren N McHugh
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Alice M Bumstead
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Dean S Keeble
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Maria Diaz Lopez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Phillip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB3 0FS, UK.
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11
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Shaw BK, Hughes AR, Ducamp M, Moss S, Debnath A, Sapnik AF, Thorne MF, McHugh LN, Pugliese A, Keeble DS, Chater P, Bermudez-Garcia JM, Moya X, Saha SK, Keen DA, Coudert FX, Blanc F, Bennett TD. Melting of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Nat Chem 2021; 13:778-785. [PMID: 33972755 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several organic-inorganic hybrid materials from the metal-organic framework (MOF) family have been shown to form stable liquids at high temperatures. Quenching then results in the formation of melt-quenched MOF glasses that retain the three-dimensional coordination bonding of the crystalline phase. These hybrid glasses have intriguing properties and could find practical applications, yet the melt-quench phenomenon has so far remained limited to a few MOF structures. Here we turn to hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites-which occupy a prominent position within materials chemistry owing to their functional properties such as ion transport, photoconductivity, ferroelectricity and multiferroicity-and show that a series of dicyanamide-based hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites undergo melting. Our combined experimental-computational approach demonstrates that, on quenching, they form glasses that largely retain their solid-state inorganic-organic connectivity. The resulting materials show very low thermal conductivities (~0.2 W m-1 K-1), moderate electrical conductivities (10-3-10-5 S m-1) and polymer-like thermomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Shaw
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashlea R Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maxime Ducamp
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Moss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anup Debnath
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, India
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael F Thorne
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren N McHugh
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Pugliese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dean S Keeble
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Juan M Bermudez-Garcia
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,University of A Coruna, QuiMolMat Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Advanced Scientific Research Center (CICA), Zapateira, Spain
| | - Xavier Moya
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shyamal K Saha
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, India
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - François-Xavier Coudert
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Sapnik AF, Johnstone DN, Collins SM, Divitini G, Bumstead AM, Ashling CW, Chater PA, Keeble DS, Johnson T, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Stepwise collapse of a giant pore metal-organic framework. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5011-5022. [PMID: 33877199 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Defect engineering is a powerful tool that can be used to tailor the properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Here, we incorporate defects through ball milling to systematically vary the porosity of the giant pore MOF, MIL-100 (Fe). We show that milling leads to the breaking of metal-linker bonds, generating additional coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, and ultimately causes amorphisation. Pair distribution function analysis shows the hierarchical local structure is partially retained, even in the amorphised material. We find that solvents can be used to stabilise the MIL-100 (Fe) framework against collapse, which leads to a substantial retention of porosity over the non-stabilised material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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13
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Sapnik AF, Bechis I, Collins SM, Johnstone DN, Divitini G, Smith AJ, Chater PA, Addicoat MA, Johnson T, Keen DA, Jelfs KE, Bennett TD. Mixed hierarchical local structure in a disordered metal-organic framework. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2062. [PMID: 33824324 PMCID: PMC8024318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of materials. However, their structural characterisation represents a significant challenge. Fe-BTC, and the commercial equivalent Basolite® F300, are MOFs with incredibly diverse catalytic ability, yet their disordered structures remain poorly understood. Here, we use advanced electron microscopy to identify a nanocomposite structure of Fe-BTC where nanocrystalline domains are embedded within an amorphous matrix, whilst synchrotron total scattering measurements reveal the extent of local atomic order within Fe-BTC. We use a polymerisation-based algorithm to generate an atomistic structure for Fe-BTC, the first example of this methodology applied to the amorphous MOF field outside the well-studied zeolitic imidazolate framework family. This demonstrates the applicability of this computational approach towards the modelling of other amorphous MOF systems with potential generality towards all MOF chemistries and connectivities. We find that the structures of Fe-BTC and Basolite® F300 can be represented by models containing a mixture of short- and medium-range order with a greater proportion of medium-range order in Basolite® F300 than in Fe-BTC. We conclude by discussing how our approach may allow for high-throughput computational discovery of functional, amorphous MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene Bechis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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14
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Longley L, Calahoo C, Limbach R, Xia Y, Tuffnell JM, Sapnik AF, Thorne MF, Keeble DS, Keen DA, Wondraczek L, Bennett TD. Metal-organic framework and inorganic glass composites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5800. [PMID: 33199681 PMCID: PMC7669864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses have become a subject of interest as a distinct category of melt quenched glass, and have potential applications in areas such as ion transport and sensing. In this paper we show how MOF glasses can be combined with inorganic glasses in order to fabricate a new family of materials composed of both MOF and inorganic glass domains. We use an array of experimental techniques to propose the bonding between inorganic and MOF domains, and show that the composites produced are more mechanically pliant than the inorganic glass itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Longley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Courtney Calahoo
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, University of Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - René Limbach
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, University of Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yang Xia
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, University of Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Joshua M Tuffnell
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Michael F Thorne
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Dean S Keeble
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11, 0DE, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11, 0QX, UK
| | - Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, University of Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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15
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Hou J, Ríos Gómez ML, Krajnc A, McCaul A, Li S, Bumstead AM, Sapnik AF, Deng Z, Lin R, Chater PA, Keeble DS, Keen DA, Appadoo D, Chan B, Chen V, Mali G, Bennett TD. Halogenated Metal-Organic Framework Glasses and Liquids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3880-3890. [PMID: 31978302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four novel crystalline zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) structures using a mixed-ligand approach is reported. The inclusion of both imidazolate and halogenated benzimidazolate-derived linkers leads to glass-forming behavior by all four structures. Melting temperatures are observed to depend on both electronic and steric effects. Solid-state NMR and terahertz (THz)/far-IR demonstrate the presence of a Zn-F bond for fluorinated ZIF glasses. In situ THz/far-IR spectroscopic techniques reveal the dynamic structural properties of crystal, glass, and liquid phases of the halogenated ZIFs, linking the melting behavior of ZIFs to the propensity of the ZnN4 tetrahedra to undergo thermally induced deformation. The inclusion of halogenated ligands within metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses improves their gas-uptake properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom.,School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - María Laura Ríos Gómez
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom.,Institute of Materials Research (IIM-UNAM), Circuito Exterior , Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán , 04510 Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology , National Institute of Chemistry , 1001 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Aoife McCaul
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Shichun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900 , P. R. China
| | - Alice M Bumstead
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Zeyu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Rijia Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus , Diamond Light Source, Ltd. , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , United Kingdom
| | - Dean S Keeble
- Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus , Diamond Light Source, Ltd. , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , United Kingdom
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Campus , Didcot , Oxon OX11 0QX , United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Appadoo
- Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Gregor Mali
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology , National Institute of Chemistry , 1001 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
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16
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Abstract
The synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has, to date, largely been in the form of crystalline powders. However, interest in different physical morphologies of this class of materials is growing. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the structure, properties and applications of MOF monoliths. In particular, we explore the complex synthetic landscapes associated with MOF crystallization and discuss the synthetic factors leading to the formation of MOF gels, i.e. the precursor to sol-gel MOF monoliths. Finally, we provide our thoughts on the future development of this field, and attempt to highlight the importance of the MOF gel state in the discovery of new functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Hou
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge , CB3 0FS , UK .
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge , CB3 0FS , UK .
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge , CB3 0FS , UK .
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17
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Bumstead AM, Ríos Gómez ML, Thorne MF, Sapnik AF, Longley L, Tuffnell JM, Keeble DS, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Investigating the melting behaviour of polymorphic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The study of polymorphic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks demonstrates the influence of linker chemistry and framework structure on their thermal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Bumstead
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - María Laura Ríos Gómez
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Institute of Materials Research (IIM-UNAM)
| | - Michael F. Thorne
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Louis Longley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Joshua M. Tuffnell
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Cavendish Laboratory
| | | | | | - Thomas D. Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
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18
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Li S, Yu S, Collins SM, Johnstone DN, Ashling CW, Sapnik AF, Chater PA, Keeble DS, McHugh LN, Midgley PA, Keen DA, Bennett TD. A new route to porous metal–organic framework crystal–glass composites. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A lower temperature route to metal–organic framework crystal–glass composites is presented. Specifically, the annealing pre-formed ZIF-62 glass with a crystalline MOF above Tg will enable formation of a greatly expanded range of materials.
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19
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Ashling CW, Johnstone DN, Widmer RN, Hou J, Collins SM, Sapnik AF, Bumstead AM, Midgley PA, Chater PA, Keen DA, Bennett TD. Synthesis and Properties of a Compositional Series of MIL-53(Al) Metal-Organic Framework Crystal-Glass Composites. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15641-15648. [PMID: 31491080 PMCID: PMC7007233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Metal–organic
framework crystal-glass composites (MOF-CGCs)
are materials in which a crystalline MOF is dispersed within a MOF
glass. In this work, we explore the room-temperature stabilization
of the open-pore form of MIL-53(Al), usually observed at high temperature,
which occurs upon encapsulation within a ZIF-62(Zn) MOF glass matrix.
A series of MOF-CGCs containing different loadings of MIL-53(Al) were
synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction and nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An upper limit of MIL-53(Al) that
can be stabilized in the composite was determined for the first time.
The nanostructure of the composites was probed using pair distribution
function analysis and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Notably,
the distribution and integrity of the crystalline component in a sample
series were determined, and these findings were related to the MOF-CGC
gas adsorption capacity in order to identify the optimal loading necessary
for maximum CO2 sorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Ashling
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
| | - Remo N Widmer
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge , CB2 3EQ U.K
| | - Jingwei Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
| | - Alice M Bumstead
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd. , Diamond House, Harwell Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE U.K
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0FS U.K
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20
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Yeung HH, Sapnik AF, Massingberd‐Mundy F, Gaultois MW, Wu Y, Fraser DAX, Henke S, Pallach R, Heidenreich N, Magdysyuk OV, Vo NT, Goodwin AL. Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:566-571. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish H.‐M. Yeung
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | | | - Michael W. Gaultois
- Leverhulme Research Center for Functional Material DesignThe Materials Innovation FactoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool UK
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Duncan A. X. Fraser
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Roman Pallach
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganischen ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany
| | | | - Nghia T. Vo
- Beamline I12—JEEPDiamond Light Source Ltd. Harwell Campus Didcot UK
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
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21
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Yeung HH, Sapnik AF, Massingberd‐Mundy F, Gaultois MW, Wu Y, Fraser DAX, Henke S, Pallach R, Heidenreich N, Magdysyuk OV, Vo NT, Goodwin AL. Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish H.‐M. Yeung
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | | | - Michael W. Gaultois
- Leverhulme Research Center for Functional Material DesignThe Materials Innovation FactoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool UK
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Duncan A. X. Fraser
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Roman Pallach
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganischen ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany
| | | | - Nghia T. Vo
- Beamline I12—JEEPDiamond Light Source Ltd. Harwell Campus Didcot UK
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
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22
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Sapnik AF, Geddes HS, Reynolds EM, Yeung HHM, Goodwin AL. Compositional inhomogeneity and tuneable thermal expansion in mixed-metal ZIF-8 analogues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9651-9654. [PMID: 30101236 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the structural and thermomechanical effects of cation substitution in the compositional family of metal-organic frameworks Zn1-xCdx(mIm)2 (HmIm = 2-methylimidazole). We find complete miscibility for all compositions x, with evidence of inhomogeneous distributions of Cd and Zn that in turn affect framework aperture characteristics. Using variable-temperature X-ray powder diffraction measurements, we show that Cd substitution drives a threefold reduction in the magnitude of thermal expansion behaviour. We interpret this effect in terms of an increased density of negative thermal expansion modes in the more flexible Cd-rich frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
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