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Baghirov MB, Muradov M, Eyvazova G, Mammadyarova S, Azizian-Kalandaragh Y, Musayeva N, Kochari GE, Huseynali RF. Preparation of anisotropic AgNWs/PVA/Ag 2S nanocomposites via a vapor-phase sulfidation process. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16696-16703. [PMID: 38784416 PMCID: PMC11110649 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used a modified polyol technique to synthesize silver nanowires (AgNWs), which were subsequently mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer and air-dried under ambient conditions. As a result, AgNWs/PVA nanocomposites with a concentration of 2% were prepared by a casting process. After that, the upper surface of the produced samples was treated with H2S gas, as a result of which asymmetric structures were formed depending on the gas concentration, exposure time and penetration into the layers. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of these asymmetric structures were analyzed. Changes in the sample structure were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), their optical properties were studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy, and their morphology using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A simple technique involving H2S gas was used for the sulfidation process of the samples, marking the first exposure of AgNW/PVA nanocomposites to such treatment. Examination of the structural and optical properties of the surfaces revealed clear differences in their physical properties after sulfidation. These obtained results were also supported by TEM images. Finally, the successful production of AgNWs/PVA/Ag2S anisotropic structure was achieved by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahammad Baghir Baghirov
- Nano Research Laboratory, Baku State University 23 Academic Zahid Khalilov Street Baku AZ1148 Azerbaijan
| | - Mustafa Muradov
- Nano Research Laboratory, Baku State University 23 Academic Zahid Khalilov Street Baku AZ1148 Azerbaijan
- Analitik LLC B.Vahabzade 20A AZ1065 Baku Azerbaijan
| | - Goncha Eyvazova
- Nano Research Laboratory, Baku State University 23 Academic Zahid Khalilov Street Baku AZ1148 Azerbaijan
| | - Sevinj Mammadyarova
- Nano Research Laboratory, Baku State University 23 Academic Zahid Khalilov Street Baku AZ1148 Azerbaijan
| | - Yashar Azizian-Kalandaragh
- Photonics Application and Research Center, Gazi University 06500 Ankara Turkey
- Photonics Department, Applied Science Faculty, Gazi University 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Nahida Musayeva
- Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Ministry of Science and Education H. Javid Ave, 131 AZ1143 Baku Azerbaijan
| | - Gasimov Eldar Kochari
- Department of Cytology, Embryology and Histology, Azerbaijan Medical University. Nasimi Reg. S.Vurgun St., 163 Baku AZ1078 Azerbaijan
| | - Rzayev Fuad Huseynali
- Electron Microscopy Department, Scientific Research Center, Azerbaijan Medical University Nasimi Reg., S.Vurgun St., 163 Baku AZ1078 Azerbaijan
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2
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Alam F, Ashfaq Ahmed M, Jalal AH, Siddiquee I, Adury RZ, Hossain GMM, Pala N. Recent Progress and Challenges of Implantable Biodegradable Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:475. [PMID: 38675286 PMCID: PMC11051912 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Implantable biosensors have evolved to the cutting-edge technology of personalized health care and provide promise for future directions in precision medicine. This is the reason why these devices stand to revolutionize our approach to health and disease management and offer insights into our bodily functions in ways that have never been possible before. This review article tries to delve into the important developments, new materials, and multifarious applications of these biosensors, along with a frank discussion on the challenges that the devices will face in their clinical deployment. In addition, techniques that have been employed for the improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of the biosensors alike are focused on in this article, like new biomarkers and advanced computational and data communicational models. A significant challenge of miniaturized in situ implants is that they need to be removed after serving their purpose. Surgical expulsion provokes discomfort to patients, potentially leading to post-operative complications. Therefore, the biodegradability of implants is an alternative method for removal through natural biological processes. This includes biocompatible materials to develop sensors that remain in the body over longer periods with a much-reduced immune response and better device longevity. However, the biodegradability of implantable sensors is still in its infancy compared to conventional non-biodegradable ones. Sensor design, morphology, fabrication, power, electronics, and data transmission all play a pivotal role in developing medically approved implantable biodegradable biosensors. Advanced material science and nanotechnology extended the capacity of different research groups to implement novel courses of action to design implantable and biodegradable sensor components. But the actualization of such potential for the transformative nature of the health sector, in the first place, will have to surmount the challenges related to biofouling, managing power, guaranteeing data security, and meeting today's rules and regulations. Solving these problems will, therefore, not only enhance the performance and reliability of implantable biodegradable biosensors but also facilitate the translation of laboratory development into clinics, serving patients worldwide in their better disease management and personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | | | - Ahmed Hasnain Jalal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | - Ishrak Siddiquee
- Institute of Microsystems Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, Horten, 3184 Vestfold, Norway;
| | - Rabeya Zinnat Adury
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - G M Mehedi Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
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3
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Shi Y, Shen G. Haptic Sensing and Feedback Techniques toward Virtual Reality. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0333. [PMID: 38533183 PMCID: PMC10964227 DOI: 10.34133/research.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation. In virtual reality (VR) system, the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual elements, while the haptic feedback part can transfer feedbacks to human with virtual tactile sensation. Therefore, exploring high-performance haptic sensing and feedback interface imparts closed-loop haptic interaction to VR system. This review summarizes state-of-the-art VR-related haptic sensing and feedback techniques based on the hardware parts. For the haptic sensor, we focus on mechanism scope (piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric) and introduce force sensor, gesture translation, and touch identification in the functional view. In terms of the haptic feedbacks, methodologies including mechanical, electrical, and elastic actuators are surveyed. In addition, the interactive application of virtual control, immersive entertainment, and medical rehabilitation is also summarized. The challenges of virtual haptic interactions are given including the accuracy, durability, and technical conflicts of the sensing devices, bottlenecks of various feedbacks, as well as the closed-loop interaction system. Besides, the prospects are outlined in artificial intelligence of things, wise information technology of medicine, and multimedia VR areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Shi
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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4
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Pan S, Zhang T, Zhang C, Liao N, Zhang M, Zhao T. Fabrication of a high performance flexible capacitive porous GO/PDMS pressure sensor based on droplet microfluidic technology. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1668-1675. [PMID: 38304936 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Porous structures are an effective way to improve the performance of flexible capacitive sensors, but the pore size uniformity of porous structures is not easily controlled by current methods, which may affect the inconsistent performance of different batches of sensors. In this paper, a high performance capacitive flexible porous GO/PDMS pressure sensor was prepared based on droplet microfluidic technology. By testing the performance of the sensor, we found that the sensor with a flow rate ratio of 1 : 3 has relatively good performance, with a degree of hysteresis (DH) of 8.64% and a coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.2%. Therefore, we studied the sensor performance based on this process. The result shows that the sensitivity of the flexible capacitive porous GO/PDMS pressure sensor reached 0.627 kPa-1 at low pressure (0-3 kPa), which is significantly higher than that of the pure PDMS thin film sensor (about 0.031 kPa-1) and the porous PDMS pressure sensor (0.263 kPa-1). At the same time, the sensor has a large range with a fast response time of 240 ms and a relaxation time of 300 ms at 30 kPa and an ultra-low detection limit (70 Pa). It can maintain stable operation under continuous force loading/unloading cycles and can respond well to different pressure step changes, so the sensor can be used to detect the movement process of each finger, knee, foot and other joints of the human body. In conclusion, the droplet microfluidic technology can effectively prepare high-performance capacitive flexible porous GO/PDMS pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShengYuan Pan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Cangnan Research Institute of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325800, China
| | - Ningbo Liao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Cangnan Research Institute of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325800, China
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
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5
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Bu Y, Wu J, Zhang Z, Wei Q, Su B, Wang Y. Design and Analysis of Porous Elastomeric Polymer Based on Electro-Mechanical Coupling Characteristics for Flexible Pressure Sensor. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:701. [PMID: 38475384 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Elastomeric polymers have gained significant attention in the field of flexible electronics. The investigation of the electro-mechanical response relationship between polymer structure and flexible electronics is in increasing demand. This study investigated the factors that affect the performance of flexible capacitive pressure sensors using the finite element method (FEM). The sensor employed a porous elastomeric polymer as the dielectric layer. The results indicate that the sensor's performance was influenced by both the structural and material characteristics of the porous elastomeric polymer. In terms of structural characteristics, porosity was the primary factor influencing the performance of sensors. At a porosity of 76%, the sensitivity was 42 times higher than at a porosity of 1%. In terms of material properties, Young's modulus played a crucial role in influencing the performance of the sensors. In particular, the influence on the sensor became more pronounced when Young's modulus was less than 1 MPa. Furthermore, porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with porosities of 34%, 47%, 67%, and 72% was fabricated as the dielectric layer for the sensor using the thermal expansion microsphere method, followed by sensing capability testing. The results indicate that the sensor's sensitivity was noticeably influenced within the high porosity range, aligning with the trend observed in the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Bu
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zheming Zhang
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qiandiao Wei
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Benlong Su
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Youshan Wang
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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6
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Islam MR, Afroj S, Yin J, Novoselov KS, Chen J, Karim N. Advances in Printed Electronic Textiles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304140. [PMID: 38009793 PMCID: PMC10853734 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have emerged as a revolutionary solution for personalized healthcare, enabling the continuous collection and communication of diverse physiological parameters when seamlessly integrated with the human body. Among various methods employed to create wearable e-textiles, printing offers unparalleled flexibility and comfort, seamlessly integrating wearables into garments. This has spurred growing research interest in printed e-textiles, due to their vast design versatility, material options, fabrication techniques, and wide-ranging applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the crucial considerations in fabricating printed e-textiles is provided, encompassing the selection of conductive materials and substrates, as well as the essential pre- and post-treatments involved. Furthermore, the diverse printing techniques and the specific requirements are discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method. Additionally, the multitude of wearable applications made possible by printed e-textiles is explored, such as their integration as various sensors, supercapacitors, and heated garments. Finally, a forward-looking perspective is provided, discussing future prospects and emerging trends in the realm of printed wearable e-textiles. As advancements in materials science, printing technologies, and design innovation continue to unfold, the transformative potential of printed e-textiles in healthcare and beyond is poised to revolutionize the way wearable technology interacts and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
- Nottingham School of Art and DesignNottingham Trent UniversityShakespeare StreetNottinghamNG1 4GGUK
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7
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Wang M, Lin Z, Ma S, Yu Y, Chen B, Liang Y, Ren L. Composite Flexible Sensor Based on Bionic Microstructure to Simultaneously Monitor Pressure and Strain. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301005. [PMID: 37449945 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the human sense of touch, a strain sensor needs to be coupled with a pressure sensor to identify the compliance of the contacted material. However, monitoring the pressure-strain signals simultaneously and ensuring no coupling effect between the two signals is the technical bottleneck for the flexible tactile sensor to. Herein, a composite flexible sensor based on microstructures of lotus leaf is designed and manufactured, which integrates the capacitive pressure sensor and the resistance strain sensor into one pixel to realize the simultaneous detection of pressure and strain. The electrode layer of the capacitance sensor also plays the role of the resistance strain sensor, which greatly simplifies the structure of the composite flexible sensor and obtains the compact size to integrate more easily. The device can simultaneously detect pressure and deformation, and more importantly, there is no coupling effect between the two kinds of signals. Here, the sensor has high pressure sensitivity (0.784 kPa-1 when pressure less than 100 kPa), high strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 4.03 for strain 0-40%), and can identify materials with different compliance, which indicates the tactile ability as the human skin performs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhaohua Lin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Suqian Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Yingqing Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Boya Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yunhong Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Lei Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
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8
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Luo Y, Li J, Ding Q, Wang H, Liu C, Wu J. Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:136. [PMID: 37225851 PMCID: PMC10209388 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Breathing is an inherent human activity; however, the composition of the air we inhale and gas exhale remains unknown to us. To address this, wearable vapor sensors can help people monitor air composition in real time to avoid underlying risks, and for the early detection and treatment of diseases for home healthcare. Hydrogels with three-dimensional polymer networks and large amounts of water molecules are naturally flexible and stretchable. Functionalized hydrogels are intrinsically conductive, self-healing, self-adhesive, biocompatible, and room-temperature sensitive. Compared with traditional rigid vapor sensors, hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors can directly fit human skin or clothing, and are more suitable for real-time monitoring of personal health and safety. In this review, current studies on hydrogel-based vapor sensors are investigated. The required properties and optimization methods of wearable hydrogel-based sensors are introduced. Subsequently, existing reports on the response mechanisms of hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors are summarized. Related works on hydrogel-based vapor sensors for their application in personal health and safety monitoring are presented. Moreover, the potential of hydrogels in the field of vapor sensing is elucidated. Finally, the current research status, challenges, and future trends of hydrogel gas/humidity sensing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Hua T, Xiang Z, Xia X, Li Z, Sun D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Shang J, Chen J, Li R. A Sensitivity-Optimized Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Cylindrical Ladder Microstructural Dielectric Layers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094323. [PMID: 37177527 PMCID: PMC10181647 DOI: 10.3390/s23094323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible capacitive pressure sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their dynamic response and good sensing capability for static and small pressures. Using microstructural dielectric layers is an effective method for improving performance. However, the current state of microstructure design is primarily focused on basic shapes and is largely limited by simulation results; there is still a great deal of potential for further innovation and improvement. This paper innovatively proposes to increase the ladder structure based on the basic microstructures, for example, the long micro-ridge ladder, the cuboid ladder, and cylindrical ladder microstructures. By comparing 9 kinds of microstructures including ladder structure through finite element simulation, it is found that the sensor with a cylindrical ladder microstructure dielectric layer has the highest sensitivity. The dielectric layers with various microstructures are obtained by 3D printed molds, and the sensor with cylindrical ladder microstructure dielectric layer has the sensitivity of 0.12 kPa-1, which is about 3.9 times higher than that without microstructure. The flexible pressure sensor developed by us boasts sensitivity-optimized and operational stability, making it an ideal solution for monitoring rainfall frequency in real time.
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Grants
- U22A20248,52201236, 52105286, 52127803, 51931011, 51971233, 62174165, M-0152, U20A6001, U1909215, 52105286, 52201236, 62204246, 92064011, 62174164 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022M723251 China Postdoctoral Foundation
- 174433KYSB20190038, 174433KYSB20200013 External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- YJKYYQ20200030 Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- GJTD-2020-11 K.C. Wong Education Foundation
- 2018334 Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association
- 2022C01032 "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang
- 2021C01183 Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program
- LD22E010002 Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
- LGG20F010006 Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Project
- 2019B10127, 2020Z022 Ningbo Scientific and Technological Innovation 2025 Major Project
- 20221JCGY010312 Ningbo Natural Science Foundations
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Materials, Jiangxi University of Sciences and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiangling Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhangling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Materials, Jiangxi University of Sciences and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Runwei Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Deng H, Chen Q, Xie F, Zhao C, Pan J, Cheng Q, Zhang C. Castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane/tunicate cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites for wearable strain sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120313. [PMID: 36604095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs) were introduced into castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to prepare bio-based nanocomposites through a simple solution blending method. The effect of TCNCs content on the particle size and stability of the composite dispersions, as well as the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the composite films were studied and discussed. The unique structure and properties of TCNCs, such as high crystallinity, large aspect ratio and high modulus, not only greatly improved the storage stability of WPU, but also showed significant reinforcing/toughening effects and excellent compatibility to WPU. By drip-coating silver nanowires (AgNWs) on the surface of the composite films, the flexible strain sensors were fabricated, which showed excellent sensitivity in monitoring human movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henghui Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Caimei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiaoyun Cheng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Sugarcane Industry, Engineering Technology of Light Industry, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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11
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Oh J, Kim DY, Kim H, Hur ON, Park SH. Comparative Study of Carbon Nanotube Composites as Capacitive and Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors under Varying Conditions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7637. [PMID: 36363228 PMCID: PMC9657234 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymer composites consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a conductive filler and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a polymer matrix were fabricated to investigate their capacitive and piezoresistive effects as pressure sensors. The pressure-sensing behavior and mechanism of the composites were compared in terms of basic configuration with a parallel plate structure. Various sensing experiments, such as sensitivity, repeatability, hysteresis, and temperature dependence according to the working principle, were conducted with varying filler contents. The hysteresis and repeatability of the pressure-sensing properties were investigated using cyclic tensile tests. In addition, a temperature test was performed at selected temperatures to monitor the change in the resistance/capacitance.
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12
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Truong T, Kim JS, Kim J. Development of Embroidery-Type Pressure Sensor Dependent on Interdigitated Capacitive Method. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173446. [PMID: 36080520 PMCID: PMC9460889 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to develop electronic skin (e-skin) and flexible wearable textiles which transform into actual “skin”, using different approaches. Moreover, many reports have investigated self-healing materials, multifunctional sensors, etc. This study presents a systematic approach to embroidery pressure sensors dependent on interdigitated capacitors (IDCs), for applications surrounding intelligent wearable devices, robots, and e-skins. The method proposed a broad range of highly sensitive pressure sensors based on porous Ecoflex, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and interdigitated electrodes. Firstly, characterizations of ICDs embroidering on a cotton fabric using silver conductive thread are evaluated by a precision LCR meter throughout the frequency range from 1 kHz to 300 kHz. The effect of thread density on the performance of embroidered sensors is included. Secondly, the 16451B dielectric test fixture from Keysight is utilized to evaluate the composite samples’ dielectric constant accurately. The effect of frequency on sensor performance was evaluated to consider the influence of the dielectric constant as a function of the capacitance change. This study shows that the lower the frequency, the higher the sensitivity, but at the same time, it also leads to instability in the sensor’s operation. Thirdly, assessing the volume fraction of CNTs on composites’ properties is enclosed. The presence of volume portion CNTs upgrades the bond strength of composites and further develops sensor deformability. Finally, the presented sensor can accomplish excellent performance with an ultra-high sensitivity of 0.24 kPa−1 in low pressure (<25 kPa) as well as a wide detection range from 1 to 1000 kPa, which is appropriate for general tactile pressure rages. In order to achieve high sensor performance, factors such as density, frequency, fabric substrate, and the structure of the dielectric layer need to be carefully evaluated.
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13
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Ullah H, Wahab MA, Will G, Karim MR, Pan T, Gao M, Lai D, Lin Y, Miraz MH. Recent Advances in Stretchable and Wearable Capacitive Electrophysiological Sensors for Long-Term Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080630. [PMID: 36005025 PMCID: PMC9406032 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, wearable electrophysiological sensors with stretchability have received significant research attention because of their capability to continuously monitor electrophysiological signals from the human body with minimal body motion artifacts, long-term tracking, and comfort for real-time health monitoring. Among the four different sensors, i.e., piezoresistive, piezoelectric, iontronic, and capacitive, capacitive sensors are the most advantageous owing to their reusability, high durability, device sterilization ability, and minimum leakage currents between the electrode and the body to reduce the health risk arising from any short circuit. This review focuses on the development of wearable, flexible capacitive sensors for monitoring electrophysiological conditions, including the electrode materials and configuration, the sensing mechanisms, and the fabrication strategies. In addition, several design strategies of flexible/stretchable electrodes, body-to-electrode signal transduction, and measurements have been critically evaluated. We have also highlighted the gaps and opportunities needed for enhancing the suitability and practical applicability of wearable capacitive sensors. Finally, the potential applications, research challenges, and future research directions on stretchable and wearable capacitive sensors are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadaate Ullah
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Md A. Wahab
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Will
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dakun Lai
- Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology Laboratory, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Corporation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mahdi H. Miraz
- School of Computing and Data Science, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
- School of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndŵr University, Wrexham LL112AW, UK
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14
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Recent Progress in Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142495. [PMID: 35889718 PMCID: PMC9319019 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors that can maintain their pressure sensing ability with arbitrary deformation play an essential role in a wide range of applications, such as aerospace, prosthetics, robotics, healthcare, human–machine interfaces, and electronic skin. Flexible pressure sensors with diverse conversion principles and structural designs have been extensively studied. At present, with the development of 5G and the Internet of Things, there is a huge demand for flexible pressure sensor arrays with high resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we present a brief description of the present flexible pressure sensor arrays with different transduction mechanisms from design to fabrication. Next, we discuss the latest progress of flexible pressure sensor arrays for applications in human–machine interfaces, healthcare, and aerospace. These arrays can monitor the spatial pressure and map the trajectory with high resolution and rapid response beyond human perception. Finally, the outlook of the future and the existing problems of pressure sensor arrays are presented.
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15
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Hamans R, Parente M, Garcia-Etxarri A, Baldi A. Optical Properties of Colloidal Silver Nanowires. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:8703-8709. [PMID: 35655935 PMCID: PMC9150108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires are used in many applications, ranging from transparent conductive layers to Raman substrates and sensors. Their performance often relies on their unique optical properties that emerge from localized surface plasmon resonances in the ultraviolet. To tailor the nanowire geometry for a specific application, a correct understanding of the relationship between the wire's structure and its optical properties is therefore necessary. However, while the colloidal synthesis of silver nanowires typically leads to structures with pentagonally twinned geometries, their optical properties are often modeled assuming a cylindrical cross-section. Here we highlight the strengths and limitations of such an approximation by numerically calculating the optical and electrical response of pentagonally twinned silver nanowires and nanowire networks. We find that our accurate modeling is crucial to deduce structural information from experimentally measured extinction spectra of colloidally synthesized nanowire suspensions and to predict the performance of nanowire-based near-field sensors. On the contrary, the cylindrical approximation is fully capable of capturing the optical and electrical performance of nanowire networks used as transparent electrodes. Our results can help assess the quality of nanowire syntheses and guide in the design of optimized silver nanowire-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben
F. Hamans
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Parente
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aitzol Garcia-Etxarri
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Andrea Baldi
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Textile-Based Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091495. [PMID: 35564203 PMCID: PMC9103991 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flexible capacitive pressure sensors have been widely used in electronic skin, human movement and health monitoring, and human–machine interactions. Recently, electronic textiles afford a valuable alternative to traditional capacitive pressure sensors due to their merits of flexibility, light weight, air permeability, low cost, and feasibility to fit various surfaces. The textile-based functional layers can serve as electrodes, dielectrics, and substrates, and various devices with semi-textile or all-textile structures have been well developed. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in textile-based flexible capacitive pressure sensors. The latest research progresses on textile devices with sandwich structures, yarn structures, and in-plane structures are introduced, and the influences of different device structures on performance are discussed. The applications of textile-based sensors in human wearable devices, robotic sensing, and human–machine interaction are then summarized. Finally, evolutionary trends, future directions, and challenges are highlighted.
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17
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Abstract
The application of flexible electronics in the field of communication has made the transition from rigid physical form to flexible physical form. Flexible electrode technology is the key to the wide application of flexible electronics. However, flexible electrodes will break when large deformation occurs, failing flexible electronics. It restricts the further development of flexible electronic technology. Flexible stretchable electrodes are a hot research topic to solve the problem that flexible electrodes cannot withstand large deformation. Flexible stretchable electrode materials have excellent electrical conductivity, while retaining excellent mechanical properties in case of large deformation. This paper summarizes the research results of flexible stretchable electrodes from three aspects: material, process, and structure, as well as the prospects for future development.
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18
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Flexible Sensory Systems: Structural Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061232. [PMID: 35335562 PMCID: PMC8955130 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology is characterized by smooth, elastic, and nonplanar surfaces; as a consequence, soft electronics that enable interfacing with nonplanar surfaces allow applications that could not be achieved with the rigid and integrated circuits that exist today. Here, we review the latest examples of technologies and methods that can replace elasticity through a structural approach; these approaches can modify mechanical properties, thereby improving performance, while maintaining the existing material integrity. Furthermore, an overview of the recent progress in wave/wrinkle, stretchable interconnect, origami/kirigami, crack, nano/micro, and textile structures is provided. Finally, potential applications and expected developments in soft electronics are discussed.
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19
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Highly stable flexible pressure sensors with a quasi-homogeneous composition and interlinked interfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1317. [PMID: 35273183 PMCID: PMC8913661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) are devices that can respond to mechanical stimuli and enable robots to perceive their surroundings. A great challenge for existing e-skins is that they may easily fail under extreme mechanical conditions due to their multilayered architecture with mechanical mismatch and weak adhesion between the interlayers. Here we report a flexible pressure sensor with tough interfaces enabled by two strategies: quasi-homogeneous composition that ensures mechanical match of interlayers, and interlinked microconed interface that results in a high interfacial toughness of 390 J·m−2. The tough interface endows the sensor with exceptional signal stability determined by performing 100,000 cycles of rubbing, and fixing the sensor on a car tread and driving 2.6 km on an asphalt road. The topological interlinks can be further extended to soft robot-sensor integration, enabling a seamless interface between the sensor and robot for highly stable sensing performance during manipulation tasks under complicated mechanical conditions. E-skins often have poor interfaces that lead to unstable performances. Here, authors report e-skins with a quasi-homogeneous composition and bonded micro-structured interfaces, through which both the sensitivity and stability of the devices are improved.
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20
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Shi Y, Lü X, Zhao J, Wang W, Meng X, Wang P, Li F. Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on Microstructured Composite Dielectric Layer for Broad Linear Range Pressure Sensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020223. [PMID: 35208347 PMCID: PMC8880179 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted a considerable amount of attention in various fields including robotics and healthcare applications, among others. However, it remains significantly challenging to design and fabricate a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with a quite broad linearity detection range due to the nonlinear stress–strain relation of the hyperelastic polymer-based dielectric material. Along these lines, in this work, a novel flexible capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured composite dielectric layer (MCDL) is demonstrated. The MCDL was prepared by enforcing a solvent-free planetary mixing and replica molding method, while the performances of the flexible capacitive pressure sensor were characterized by performing various experimental tests. More specifically, the proposed capacitive pressure sensor with 4.0 wt % cone-type MCDL could perceive external pressure loads with a broad detection range of 0–1.3 MPa, which yielded a high sensitivity value of 3.97 × 10−3 kPa−1 in a relative wide linear range of 0–600 kPa. Moreover, the developed pressure sensor exhibited excellent repeatability during the application of 1000 consecutive cycles and a fast response time of 150 ms. Finally, the developed sensor was utilized for wearable monitoring and spatial pressure distribution sensing applications, which indicates the great perspectives of our approach for potential use in the robotics and healthcare fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Shi
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaozhou Lü
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jihao Zhao
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Wenran Wang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, CAAC, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China;
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21
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Wei Y, Hao B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xiao H, Li L, Huang X, Shi B. Tannery solid waste-derived cross-scale deformable piezoresistive sensors for monitoring human body motions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tc00718e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cross-scale deformable piezoresistive sensors with a pillar-supported directional multi-layer structure were prepared by using tannery solid wastes, which were highly efficient for monitoring human body motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Baicun Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhong Xiao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Bi Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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22
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Yuan Q, Wang X, Wan H, Wang P. A Review of Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Sensors for Wound Detection Based on Optical and Electrical Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:10. [PMID: 35049637 PMCID: PMC8773881 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds that are difficult to heal can cause persistent physical pain and significant medical costs for millions of patients each year. However, traditional wound care methods based on passive bandages cannot accurately assess the wound and may cause secondary damage during frequent replacement. With advances in materials science and smart sensing technology, flexible wearable sensors for wound condition assessment have been developed that can accurately detect physiological markers in wounds and provide the necessary information for treatment decisions. The sensors can implement the sensing of biochemical markers and physical parameters that can reflect the infection and healing process of the wound, as well as transmit vital physiological information to the mobile device through optical or electrical signals. Most reviews focused on the applicability of flexible composites in the wound environment or drug delivery devices. This paper summarizes typical biochemical markers and physical parameters in wounds and their physiological significance, reviews recent advances in flexible wearable sensors for wound detection based on optical and electrical sensing principles in the last 5 years, and discusses the challenges faced and future development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview for researchers in the development of flexible wearable sensors for wound detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyou Sun
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanchi Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Qunchen Yuan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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23
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Ha KH, Zhang W, Jang H, Kang S, Wang L, Tan P, Hwang H, Lu N. Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Sensors over a Wide Pressure Range Enabled by the Hybrid Responses of a Highly Porous Nanocomposite. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103320. [PMID: 34569100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Past research aimed at increasing the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors has mostly focused on developing dielectric layers with surface/porous structures or higher dielectric constants. However, such strategies have only been effective in improving sensitivities at low pressure ranges (e.g., up to 3 kPa). To overcome this well-known obstacle, herein, a flexible hybrid-response pressure sensor (HRPS) composed of an electrically conductive porous nanocomposite (PNC) laminated with an ultrathin dielectric layer is devised. Using a nickel foam template, the PNC is fabricated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-doped Ecoflex to be 86% porous and electrically conductive. The PNC exhibits hybrid piezoresistive and piezocapacitive responses, resulting in significantly enhanced sensitivities (i.e., more than 400%) over wide pressure ranges, from 3.13 kPa-1 within 0-1 kPa to 0.43 kPa-1 within 30-50 kPa. The effect of the hybrid responses is differentiated from the effect of porosity or high dielectric constants by comparing the HRPS with its purely piezocapacitive counterparts. Fundamental understanding of the HRPS and the prediction of optimal CNT doping are achieved through simplified analytical models. The HRPS is able to measure pressures from as subtle as the temporal arterial pulse to as large as footsteps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hongwoo Jang
- Texas Material Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Seungmin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hochul Hwang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Niu H, Zhang H, Yue W, Gao S, Kan H, Zhang C, Zhang C, Pang J, Lou Z, Wang L, Li Y, Liu H, Shen G. Micro-Nano Processing of Active Layers in Flexible Tactile Sensors via Template Methods: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100804. [PMID: 34240560 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Template methods are regarded as an important method for micro-nano processing in the active layer of flexible tactile sensors. These template methods use physical/chemical processes to introduce micro-nano structures on the active layer, which improves many properties including sensitivity, response/recovery time, and detection limit. However, since the processing process and applicable conditions of the template method have not yet formed a perfect system, the development and commercialization of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method are still at a relatively slow stage. Despite the above obstacles, advances in microelectronics, materials science, nanoscience, and other disciplines have laid the foundation for various template methods, enabling the continuous development of flexible tactile sensors. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic review of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method is needed to further promote progress in this field. Here, the unique advantages and shortcomings of various template methods are summarized in detail and discuss the research progress and challenges in this field. It is believed that this review will have a significant impact on many fields of flexible electronics, which is beneficial to promote the cross-integration of multiple fields and accelerate the development of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Niu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Wenjing Yue
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hao Kan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Chunwei Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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25
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Tang R, Lu F, Liu L, Yan Y, Du Q, Zhang B, Zhou T, Fu H. Flexible pressure sensors with microstructures. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Tang
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Fangyuan Lu
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Yu Yan
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Qifeng Du
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Bocheng Zhang
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Haoran Fu
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
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26
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Balakrishnan H, Millan-Solsona R, Checa M, Fabregas R, Fumagalli L, Gomila G. Depth mapping of metallic nanowire polymer nanocomposites by scanning dielectric microscopy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10116-10126. [PMID: 34060583 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposite materials based on metallic nanowires are widely investigated as transparent and flexible electrodes or as stretchable conductors and dielectrics for biosensing. Here we show that Scanning Dielectric Microscopy (SDM) can map the depth distribution of metallic nanowires within the nanocomposites in a non-destructive way. This is achieved by a quantitative analysis of sub-surface electrostatic force microscopy measurements with finite-element numerical calculations. As an application we determined the three-dimensional spatial distribution of ∼50 nm diameter silver nanowires in ∼100 nm-250 nm thick gelatin films. The characterization is done both under dry ambient conditions, where gelatin shows a relatively low dielectric constant, εr∼ 5, and under humid ambient conditions, where its dielectric constant increases up to εr∼ 14. The present results show that SDM can be a valuable non-destructive subsurface characterization technique for nanowire-based nanocomposite materials, which can contribute to the optimization of these materials for applications in fields such as wearable electronics, solar cell technologies or printable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishankar Balakrishnan
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri i Reixac 11-15, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Yu P, Li X, Li H, Fan Y, Cao J, Wang H, Guo Z, Zhao X, Wang Z, Zhu G. All-Fabric Ultrathin Capacitive Sensor with High Pressure Sensitivity and Broad Detection Range for Electronic Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24062-24069. [PMID: 33977715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have emerged as an indispensable part of wearable devices due to their application in physiological activity monitoring. To realize long-term on-body service, they are increasingly required for properties of conformability, air permeability, and durability. However, the enhancement of sensitivity remains a challenge for ultrathin capacitive sensors, particularly in the low-pressure region. Here, we introduced a highly sensitive and ultrathin capacitive pressure sensor based on a breathable all-fabric network with a micropatterned nanofiber dielectric layer, an all-fabric capacitive sensor (AFCS). This all-fabric network endows a series of exceptional performances, such as high sensitivity (8.31 kPa-1 under 1 kPa), ultralow detection limit (0.5 Pa), wide detection range (0.5 Pa to 80 kPa), and excellent robustness (10 000 dynamic cycles). Besides, the all-fabric structure provides other properties for the AFCS, e.g., high skin conformability, super thinness (dozens of micrometers), and exceptional air permeability. Our AFCS shows promising potential in breathing track, muscle activity detection, fingertip pressure monitoring, and spatial pressure distribution, paving way for comfortable skinlike epidermal electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huayang Li
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Youjun Fan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinwei Cao
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Hailu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zihao Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Hanauer S, Celle C, Crivello C, Szambolics H, Muñoz-Rojas D, Bellet D, Simonato JP. Transparent and Mechanically Resistant Silver-Nanowire-Based Low-Emissivity Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21971-21978. [PMID: 33940794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the fabrication and investigation of low-emissivity (low-E) coatings based on random networks of silver nanowires (AgNWs). The transparent layers based on AgNWs do exhibit low emissivity while being still transparent: an overall emissivity as low as 0.21 at 78% total transmittance was obtained. A simple physical model allows to rationalize the emissivity-transparency dependence and a good agreement with experimental data is observed. This model demonstrates the role played by AgNWs which partially reflect IR photons emitted by the substrate, exacerbating then the presence of AgNWs and lowering the total emissivity. The potential use of such layers in functional devices is hampered by the poor intrinsic surface adhesion of the AgNWs, which renders the coating fragile and prone to mechanical damaging. Two very efficient encapsulation processes based on the deposition of a conformal alumina thin film using the spatial atomic layer deposition technique and the solution processed layer deposition of a polysiloxane varnish have been developed to thwart this weakness. Both coatings combine sturdy mechanical resistance relying on a strong interfacial adhesion and excellent optical transmittance properties. The performances for the mechanically resistant low-E coatings achieve an overall emissivity as low as 0.34 at 74% total transparency. The set of optical properties and mechanical resistance of the reported AgNWs based low-E coatings combined with the ease of fabrication and the cost-effective production process make it an excellent candidate for a wide set of applications, including smart windows for energy-saving buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Celle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Crivello
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F- 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F- 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F- 38000 Grenoble, France
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29
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Sun P, Wu D, Liu C. High-sensitivity tactile sensor based on Ti 2C-PDMS sponge for wireless human-computer interaction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:295506. [PMID: 33827054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf59e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous attention has been paid to high-performance flexible tactile sensors owing to their potential applications in bionic skin, wearable electronics, the Internet of Things, etc.However, the majority of pressure sensors require an intricately designed nanostructure requiring a high-cost complex manufacturing process. Therefore, the high-throughput and low-cost technology to produce high-sensitivity, flexible, pressure-sensitive materials with a large responding range is urgently needed. Herein, a novel flexible piezoresistive tactile sensor is fabricated based on the Ti2C-PDMS sponge as the conductive elastomer. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 279 kPa-1in a wide pressure range (0-34.4 kPa). The response time is as fast as 0.45 s with excellent durability over 4,000 cycles. Moreover, a 16-pixel wireless sensor system is fabricated and a series of applications have been demonstrated, including real-time force perception and pressure morphology feedback, which promote the potential applications in the visualizing of pressure distribution, human-machine communication and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab. of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
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30
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Jing Q, Pace A, Ives L, Husmann A, Ćatić N, Khanduja V, Cama J, Kar-Narayan S. Aerosol-jet-printed, conformable microfluidic force sensors. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2021; 2:100386. [PMID: 33928263 PMCID: PMC8063179 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Force sensors that are thin, low-cost, flexible, and compatible with commercial microelectronic chips are of great interest for use in biomedical sensing, precision surgery, and robotics. By leveraging a combination of microfluidics and capacitive sensing, we develop a thin, flexible force sensor that is conformable and robust. The sensor consists of a partially filled microfluidic channel made from a deformable material, with the channel overlaying a series of interdigitated electrodes coated with a thin, insulating polymer layer. When a force is applied to the microfluidic channel reservoir, the fluid is displaced along the channel over the electrodes, thus inducing a capacitance change proportional to the applied force. The microfluidic molds themselves are made of low-cost sacrificial materials deposited via aerosol-jet printing, which is also used to print the electrode layer. We envisage a large range of industrial and biomedical applications for this force sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshen Jing
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Alizée Pace
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Liam Ives
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Anke Husmann
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Nordin Ćatić
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Vikas Khanduja
- Cambridge Young Adult Hip Service, Addenbrooke’s-Cambridge University Hospitals, Box 37, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jehangir Cama
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Harrison Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
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31
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Choi HJ, Kang BC, Ha TJ. Self-reconfigurable high-weight-per-volume-gelatin films for all-solution-processed on-skin electronics with ultra-conformal contact. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 184:113231. [PMID: 33866074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional skin-attachable electronics exhibit good functionalities, their direct attachment (without any adhesive) to human skin with sufficient conformal contact is challenging. Herein, all-solution-processed on-skin electronics based on self-reconfigurable high-weight-per- volume-gelatin (HWVG) film constructed using an effective, biocompatible water absorption-evaporation technique are demonstrated. Completely conformal contact of self-reconfigurable HWVG films is realized by rapidly inducing anisotropic swelling in the perpendicular direction and covering any curvature on the skin without spatial gap or void after shrinking. A sufficiently thin HWVG film (~2 um) exhibited higher adhesion owing to van der Waals force and the carboxylic acid and amine groups in HWVG film form cross-linkages through intermolecular bonds with human skin. Self-reconfigurable HWVG films with high biocompatibility are optimized to afford a superior efficiency of 87.83 % at a concentration of 20 % (w/v) and a storage modulus of 1822 MPa at 36.5 °C. Furthermore, functional nanoelectrodes consisting of self-reconfigurable silver nanowires/HWVG films for high-performance on-skin sensors allowing the detection of sensitive motion and electrophysiological signals, as well as an armband-type sensor system incorporated with a smartphone for health-care monitoring are demonstrated. Outstanding performances, including stability, reliability, flexibility, re-usability, biocompatibility, and permeability of on-skin electronics based on HWVG films can open-up a prospective route to realizing breathable human-machine interfaces based on biocompatible materials and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Jun Choi
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
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32
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Hsieh GW, Ling SR, Hung FT, Kao PH, Liu JB. Enhanced piezocapacitive response in zinc oxide tetrapod-poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite dielectric layer for flexible and ultrasensitive pressure sensor. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6076-6086. [PMID: 33687415 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate polymeric piezocapacitive pressure sensors based on a novel composite dielectric film of poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomeric silicone and zinc oxide tetrapod. With an appropriate loading of zinc oxide tetrapods, composite piezocapacitive pressure sensors show a 75-fold enhancement of pressure sensitivity over pristine devices, achieving a marked value as high as 2.55 kPa-1. The limit of detection was estimated to be about 10 mg, corresponding to a subtle stimulus of only 1.0 Pa. Besides, versatile functionalities such as detection of finger bending/straightening, calligraphy writing, and air flow blowing have been investigated. It is expected that the proposed piezocapacitive pressure sensors incorporating stress-sensitive additives of zinc oxide nanostructures may provide a promising means for potential applications in ultrasensitive wearable, healthcare systems and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Wen Hsieh
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 301, Gaofa 3rd Road, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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33
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Jiang Q, Ma X, Chai Y, Ma H, Tang F, Hua K, Chen R, Jin Z, Wang X, Ji J, Yang X, Li R, Lian H, Xue M. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polypyrrole Aerogel-Based Coaxial Heterogeneous Microfiber Enables Ultrasensitive Pressure Monitoring of Living Organisms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5425-5434. [PMID: 33496177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pressure sensors for living organisms can monitor both the movement behavior of the organism and pressure changes of the organ, and they have vast perspectives for the health management information platform and disease diagnostics/treatment through the micropressure changes of organs. Although pressure sensors have been widely integrated with e-skin or other wearable systems for health monitoring, they have not been approved for comprehensive surveillance and monitoring of living organisms due to their unsatisfied sensing performance. To solve the problem, here, we introduce a novel structural design strategy to manufacture reduced graphene oxide-polypyrrole aerogel-based microfibers with a typical coaxial heterogeneous structure, which significantly enhances the sensitivity, resolution, and stability of the derived pressure microsensors. The as-fabricated pressure microsensors exhibit ultrahigh sensitivities of 12.84, 18.27, and 4.46 kPa-1 in the pressure ranges of 0-20, 20-40, and 40-65 Pa, respectively, high resolution (0.2 Pa), and good stability in 450 cycles. Furthermore, the microsensor is applied to detect the movement behavior and organic micropressure changes for mice and serves as a platform for monitoring micropressure for the integrative diagnosis both in vivo and in vitro of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinlei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuqiao Chai
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Kun Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruoqi Chen
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junhui Ji
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiubin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiqin Lian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Mianqi Xue
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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34
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Barmpakos D, Kaltsas G. A Review on Humidity, Temperature and Strain Printed Sensors-Current Trends and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:739. [PMID: 33499146 PMCID: PMC7865274 DOI: 10.3390/s21030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Printing technologies have been attracting increasing interest in the manufacture of electronic devices and sensors. They offer a unique set of advantages such as additive material deposition and low to no material waste, digitally-controlled design and printing, elimination of multiple steps for device manufacturing, wide material compatibility and large scale production to name but a few. Some of the most popular and interesting sensors are relative humidity, temperature and strain sensors. In that regard, this review analyzes the utilization and involvement of printing technologies for full or partial sensor manufacturing; production methods, material selection, sensing mechanisms and performance comparison are presented for each category, while grouping of sensor sub-categories is performed in all applicable cases. A key aim of this review is to provide a reference for sensor designers regarding all the aforementioned parameters, by highlighting strengths and weaknesses for different approaches in printed humidity, temperature and strain sensor manufacturing with printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Barmpakos
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive-Grove Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Physics Department, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive-Grove Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece;
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35
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Kim YR, Kim MP, Park J, Lee Y, Ghosh SK, Kim J, Kang D, Ko H. Binary Spiky/Spherical Nanoparticle Films with Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures for High-Performance Flexible Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58403-58411. [PMID: 33342213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have been widely explored for their versatile applications in electronic skins, wearable healthcare monitoring devices, and robotics. However, fabrication of sensors with characteristics such as high sensitivity, linearity, and simple fabrication process remains a challenge. Therefore, we propose herein a highly flexible and sensitive pressure sensor based on a conductive binary spiky/spherical nanoparticle film that can be fabricated by a simple spray-coating method. The sea-urchin-shaped spiky nanoparticles are based on the core-shell structures of spherical silica nanoparticles decorated with conductive polyaniline spiky shells. The simple spray coating of binary spiky/spherical nanoparticles enables the formation of uniform conductive nanoparticle-based films with hierarchical nano/microstructures. The two differently shaped particles-based films (namely sea-urchin-shaped and spherical) when interlocked face-to-face to form a bilayer structure can be used as a highly sensitive piezoresistive pressure sensor. Our optimized pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (17.5 kPa-1) and linear responsivity over a wide pressure range (0.008-120 kPa), owing to the effects of stress concentration and gradual deformation of the hierarchical microporous structures with sharp nanoscale tips. Moreover, the sensor exhibits high durability over 6000 repeated cycles and practical applicability in wearable devices that can be used for healthcare monitoring and subtle airflow detection (1 L/min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ryul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo P Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujoy Kumar Ghosh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Ling H, Zhao L, Luo G, Wang X, Hartel MC, Liu H, Xue Y, Haghniaz R, Lee K, Sun W, Kim H, Lee J, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Emaminejad S, Ahadian S, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Jiang Z, Khademhosseini A. Gelatin methacryloyl-based tactile sensors for medical wearables. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2003601. [PMID: 34366759 PMCID: PMC8336905 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202003601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is a widely used hydrogel with skin-derived gelatin acting as the main constituent. However, GelMA has not been used in the development of wearable biosensors, which are emerging devices that enable personalized healthcare monitoring. This work highlights the potential of GelMA for wearable biosensing applications by demonstrating a fully solution-processable and transparent capacitive tactile sensor with microstructured GelMA as the core dielectric layer. A robust chemical bonding and a reliable encapsulation approach are introduced to overcome detachment and water-evaporation issues in hydrogel biosensors. The resultant GelMA tactile sensor shows a high-pressure sensitivity of 0.19 kPa-1 and one order of magnitude lower limit of detection (0.1 Pa) compared to previous hydrogel pressure sensors owing to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties (dielectric constant). Furthermore, it shows durability up to 3000 test cycles because of tough chemical bonding, and long-term stability of 3 days due to the inclusion of an encapsulation layer, which prevents water evaporation (80% water content). Successful monitoring of various human physiological and motion signals demonstrates the potential of these GelMA tactile sensors for wearable biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yihang Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haonan Ling
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Libo Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guoxi Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Ministry of education key laboratory of biomedical information engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yumeng Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yepin Zhao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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37
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Lee JH, Heo JS, Lee KW, Shin JC, Jo JW, Kim YH, Park SK. Locally Controlled Sensing Properties of Stretchable Pressure Sensors Enabled by Micro-Patterned Piezoresistive Device Architecture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6588. [PMID: 33218017 PMCID: PMC7698782 DOI: 10.3390/s20226588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For wearable health monitoring systems and soft robotics, stretchable/flexible pressure sensors have continuously drawn attention owing to a wide range of potential applications such as the detection of human physiological and activity signals, and electronic skin (e-skin). Here, we demonstrated a highly stretchable pressure sensor using silver nanowires (AgNWs) and photo-patternable polyurethane acrylate (PUA). In particular, the characteristics of the pressure sensors could be moderately controlled through a micro-patterned hole structure in the PUA spacer and size-designs of the patterned hole area. With the structural-tuning strategies, adequate control of the site-specific sensitivity in the range of 47~83 kPa-1 and in the sensing range from 0.1 to 20 kPa was achieved. Moreover, stacked AgNW/PUA/AgNW (APA) structural designed pressure sensors with mixed hole sizes of 10/200 µm and spacer thickness of 800 µm exhibited high sensitivity (~171.5 kPa-1) in the pressure sensing range of 0~20 kPa, fast response (100~110 ms), and high stretchability (40%). From the results, we envision that the effective structural-tuning strategy capable of controlling the sensing properties of the APA pressure sensor would be employed in a large-area stretchable pressure sensor system, which needs site-specific sensing properties, providing monolithic implementation by simply arranging appropriate micro-patterned hole architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.H.L.); (K.W.L.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jae Sang Heo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Keon Woo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.H.L.); (K.W.L.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jae Cheol Shin
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.H.L.); (K.W.L.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jeong-Wan Jo
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK;
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.H.L.); (K.W.L.); (J.C.S.)
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38
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Wu J, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Shao T, Wu H, Liu S, Li Z, Wu L. Rational design of flexible capacitive sensors with highly linear response over a broad pressure sensing range. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21198-21206. [PMID: 33057537 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible capacitive pressure sensors have many important applications but usually exhibit a highly non-linear response as the sensitivity drops dramatically towards high pressure. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to achieve high linearity over a broad sensing range by using percolative composites as the dielectric layer. The linear response is attributed to the fast increase in dielectric constant that can compensate for the sensitivity drop caused by the decreased compressibility during compression. An analytical model is established to predict the linearity by coupling the percolation theory and Mooney-Rivlin equation. Based on the model, a capacitive pressure sensor using a spiky nickel/polydimethyl siloxane composite as the dielectric layer is fabricated as a demonstration and exhibits excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999) up to 1.7 MPa. In addition, owing to the nature of the polymer composite, its dispersion can be conformally coated on surfaces with complex shapes or be molded into films with surface microstructures to achieve a unique combination of high sensitivity and linear response over a wide pressure sensing range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yagang Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Tianyu Shao
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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39
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Recent Progress in Pressure Sensors for Wearable Electronics: From Design to Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, innovative research has been widely conducted on flexible devices for wearable electronics applications. Many examples of wearable electronics, such as smartwatches and glasses, are already available to consumers. However, strictly speaking, the sensors used in these devices are not flexible. Many studies are underway to address a wider range of wearable electronics and the development of related fields is progressing very rapidly. In particular, there is intense interest in the research field of flexible pressure sensors because they can collect and use information regarding a wide variety of sources. Through the combination of novel materials and fabrication methods, human-machine interfaces, biomedical sensors, and motion detection techniques, it is now possible to produce sensors with a superior level of performance to meet the demands of wearable electronics. In addition, more compact and human-friendly sensors have been invented in recent years, as biodegradable and self-powered sensor systems have been studied. In this review, a comprehensive description of flexible pressure sensors will be covered, and design strategies that meet the needs for applications in wearable electronics will be presented. Moreover, we will cover several fabrication methods to implement these technologies and the corresponding real-world applications.
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40
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Seo MH, Yoo JY, Jo MS, Yoon JB. Geometrically Structured Nanomaterials for Nanosensors, NEMS, and Nanosieves. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907082. [PMID: 32253800 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, geometrically structured nanomaterials have received great attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which originate from the geometric variation in such materials. Indeed, the use of various geometrically structured nanomaterials has been actively reported in enhanced-performance devices in a wide range of applications. Recent significant progress in the development of geometrically structured nanomaterials and associated devices is summarized. First, a brief introduction of advanced nanofabrication methods that enable the fabrication of various geometrically structured nanomaterials is given, and then the performance enhancements achieved in devices utilizing these nanomaterials, namely, i) physical and gas nanosensors, ii) nanoelectromechanical devices, and iii) nanosieves are described. For the device applications, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, fabrication methods, and output performance is provided. Particular focus is given to how device performance can be enhanced through the geometric structures of the nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives on the development of novel nanomaterial structures and associated devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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41
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Parente M, van Helvert M, Hamans RF, Verbroekken R, Sinha R, Bieberle-Hütter A, Baldi A. Simple and Fast High-Yield Synthesis of Silver Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5759-5764. [PMID: 32628498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) combine high electrical conductivity with low light extinction in the visible and are used in a wide range of applications, from transparent electrodes, to temperature and pressure sensors. The most common strategy for the production of AgNWs is the polyol synthesis, which always leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles as byproducts. These nanoparticles degrade the performance of AgNWs' based devices and have to be eliminated by several purification steps. Here, we report a simple and fast synthesis of AgNWs with minimal formation of byproducts, as confirmed by the spectral purity of the final solution. Our synthetic strategy relies on the use of freshly prepared AgCl and on the minimization of gas evolution inside the reaction vessel. The observed synthetic improvements can be of general validity for the polyol synthesis of metallic nanostructures of different shapes and compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Parente
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- ICMS - Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 BM Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Max van Helvert
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben F Hamans
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- ICMS - Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 BM Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Verbroekken
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rochan Sinha
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Bieberle-Hütter
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Baldi
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- ICMS - Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 BM Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Chen X, Lin X, Mo D, Xia X, Gong M, Lian H, Luo Y. High-sensitivity, fast-response flexible pressure sensor for electronic skin using direct writing printing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26188-26196. [PMID: 35519730 PMCID: PMC9055341 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04431h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionic electronic skin with human sensory capabilities has attracted extensive research interest, which has been applied in the fields of medical health diagnosis, wearable electronics, human–computer interaction, and bionic prosthetics. Electronic skin tactile pressure sensing required high sensitivity, good resolution and fast response for sensing different pressure stimuli. In particular, there were still great challenges in the detection of wide pressure and the preparation of sensitive unit microstructures. Here, the direct-write printing of Weissenberg principle to fabricate GNPs/MWCNT filled conductive composite flexible pressure sensors on PDMS substrates was proposed. The effects of platform moving speed, microneedle rotation speed and the number of direct-write times on the line width of the pressure sensitive structure were investigated based on orthogonal experiments, and the optimal direct-write printing parameters were obtained. The performance of the S-shaped polyline pressure sensor was tested, in which the sensitivity could reached 0.164 kPa−1, and the response/recovery time was 100 ms and 100 ms respectively. The capture cases of objects of different quality and objects with flat/curved surfaces were successively demonstrated to exhibit its excellent sensitivity, stability and fast response performance. This work may paved the road for future integration of high-performance electronic skin in smart robotics and prosthetic solutions. Bionic electronic skin with human sensory capabilities has attracted extensive research interest, which has been applied in the fields of medical health diagnosis, wearable electronics, human–computer interaction, and bionic prosthetics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Xitong Lin
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Deyun Mo
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Xiaoqun Xia
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Manfeng Gong
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Haishan Lian
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Yihui Luo
- Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University 361102 China
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Ahmad Tarar A, Mohammad U, K. Srivastava S. Wearable Skin Sensors and Their Challenges: A Review of Transdermal, Optical, and Mechanical Sensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10060056. [PMID: 32481598 PMCID: PMC7345448 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technology and mobile healthcare systems are both increasingly popular solutions to traditional healthcare due to their ease of implementation and cost-effectiveness for remote health monitoring. Recent advances in research, especially the miniaturization of sensors, have significantly contributed to commercializing the wearable technology. Most of the traditional commercially available sensors are either mechanical or optical, but nowadays transdermal microneedles are also being used for micro-sensing such as continuous glucose monitoring. However, there remain certain challenges that need to be addressed before the possibility of large-scale deployment. The biggest challenge faced by all these wearable sensors is our skin, which has an inherent property to resist and protect the body from the outside world. On the other hand, biosensing is not possible without overcoming this resistance. Consequently, understanding the skin structure and its response to different types of sensing is necessary to remove the scientific barriers that are hindering our ability to design more efficient and robust skin sensors. In this article, we review research reports related to three different biosensing modalities that are commonly used along with the challenges faced in their implementation for detection. We believe this review will be of significant use to researchers looking to solve existing problems within the ongoing research in wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Ahmad Tarar
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Umair Mohammad
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-208-885-7652
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44
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Beker L, Matsuhisa N, You I, Ruth SRA, Niu S, Foudeh A, Tok JBH, Chen X, Bao Z. A bioinspired stretchable membrane-based compliance sensor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11314-11320. [PMID: 32385155 PMCID: PMC7260970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909532117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compliance sensation is a unique feature of the human skin that electronic devices could not mimic via compact and thin form-factor devices. Due to the complex nature of the sensing mechanism, up to now, only high-precision or bulky handheld devices have been used to measure compliance of materials. This also prevents the development of electronic skin that is fully capable of mimicking human skin. Here, we developed a thin sensor that consists of a strain sensor coupled to a pressure sensor and is capable of identifying compliance of touched materials. The sensor can be easily integrated into robotic systems due to its small form factor. Results showed that the sensor is capable of classifying compliance of materials with high sensitivity allowing materials with various compliance to be identified. We integrated the sensor to a robotic finger to demonstrate the capability of the sensor for robotics. Further, the arrayed sensor configuration allows a compliance mapping which can enable humanlike sensations to robotic systems when grasping objects composed of multiple materials of varying compliance. These highly tunable sensors enable robotic systems to handle more advanced and complicated tasks such as classifying touched materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Beker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Insang You
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | | | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Amir Foudeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
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45
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Lian Y, Yu H, Wang M, Yang X, Zhang H. Ultrasensitive Wearable Pressure Sensors Based on Silver Nanowire-Coated Fabrics. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:70. [PMID: 32232570 PMCID: PMC7105525 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted increasing attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Herein, we present a facile approach for fabricating all-textile-based piezoresistive pressure sensor with integrated Ag nanowire-coated fabrics. It fully takes advantage of the synergistic effect of the fiber/yarn/fabric multi-level contacts, leading to the ultrahigh sensitivity of 3.24 × 105 kPa-1 at 0-10 kPa and 2.16 × 104 kPa-1 at 10-100 kPa, respectively. Furthermore, the device achieved a fast response/relaxation time (32/24 ms) and a high stability (> 1000 loading/unloading cycles). Thus, such all-textile pressure sensor with high performance is expected to be applicable in the fields of smart cloths, activity monitoring, and healthcare device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - He Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hefei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
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46
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Totaro M, Di Natali C, Bernardeschi I, Ortiz J, Beccai L. Mechanical Sensing for Lower Limb Soft Exoskeletons: Recent Progress and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1170:69-85. [PMID: 32067203 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24230-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soft exoskeletons hold promise for facilitating monitoring and assistance in case of light impairment and for prolonging independent living. In contrast to rigid material-based exoskeletons, they strongly demand for new approaches of soft sensing and actuation solutions. This chapter overviews soft exoskeletons in contrast to rigid exoskeletons and focuses on the recent advancements on the movement monitoring in lower limb soft exoskeletons. Compliant materials and soft tactile sensing approaches can be utilized to build smart sensorized garments for joint angle measurements (needed for both control and monitoring). However, currently there are still several open challenges derived from the needed close interaction between the human body and the soft exoskeleton itself, especially related to how sensing function and robustness are strongly affected by wearability, which will need to be overcome in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Totaro
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Christian Di Natali
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Bernardeschi
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Jesus Ortiz
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Beccai
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, PI, Italy.
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Guo S, Zhang C, Yang M, Zhou Y, Bi C, Lv Q, Ma N. A facile and sensitive electrochemical sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection based on three-dimensional flexible polyurethane sponge decorated with nickel hydroxide. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1109:130-139. [PMID: 32252896 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel three-dimensional nickel hydroxide/polyurethane (Ni(OH)2/PU) electrode was prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly method and used for non-enzymatic detection of glucose. The Ni(OH)2/PU electrode was obtained by one-pot hydrothermal method of loading nickel hydroxide on a cheap, easily available and flexible polyurethane sponge, which is facile and energy-saving. The porous structure of the polyurethane sponge provides a large surface area and a rich electrochemical active site for the electrode, which is beneficial to the oxidation reaction of glucose on the surface of the electrode with Ni(OH)2. The Ni(OH)2/PU electrode structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cyclic voltammetry test was used to study the catalytic performance of Ni(OH)2/PU electrode for oxidation of glucose and the chronoamperometry was used to investigate the detection performance of Ni(OH)2/PU electrode on glucose. The results indicate that this non-enzymatic glucose sensor had a high sensitivity of 2845 μA mM-1 cm-2, a low detection limit of 0.32 μM (S/N = 3), a detection range of 0.01-2.06 mM and response time of less than 5 s. In addition, the Ni(OH)2/PU electrode had excellent selectivity, reproducibility and stability and also exhibited effective detection of glucose in fetal bovine serum (FBS). In summary, Ni(OH)2/PU electrode had broad prospects as an excellent candidate for non-enzymatic glucose sensors. The study also opens up a facile and energy-saving approach for preparing three-dimensional (3D) functionalized polymer electrode via hydrothermal method as electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingtao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
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Transparent Body-Attachable Multifunctional Pressure, Thermal, and Proximity Sensor and Heater. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2701. [PMID: 32060336 PMCID: PMC7021770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional sensor capable of simultaneous sensing of temperature, pressure, and proximity has been developed. This transparent and body-attachable device is also capable of providing heat under low voltage. The multi-sensor consists of metal fibers fabricated by electrospinning and electroplating. The device comprises randomly deposited metal fibers, which not only provide heating but also perform as thermal and proximity sensors, and orderly aligned metal fibers that act as a pressure sensor. The sensor is fabricated by weaving straight rectangular electrodes on a transparent substrate (a matrix). The sensitivity is readily enhanced by installing numerous matrices that facilitate higher sensing resolution. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the heater is h = 0.014 W·cm−2·°C−1. The temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) and pressure sensitivity (ηP) are 0.038 °C−1 and 5.3 × 10−3 kPa−1, respectively. The superior sensitivity of the device is confirmed via quantitative comparison with similar devices. This multifunctional device also has a superior convective heat transfer coefficient than do other heaters reported in the literature.
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Choi J, Kwon D, Kim K, Park J, Orbe DD, Gu J, Ahn J, Cho I, Jeong Y, Oh Y, Park I. Synergetic Effect of Porous Elastomer and Percolation of Carbon Nanotube Filler toward High Performance Capacitive Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1698-1706. [PMID: 31825585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable pressure sensors have been attracting great attention for a variety of practical applications, including electronic skin, smart textiles, and healthcare devices. However, it is still challenging to realize wearable pressure sensors with sufficient sensitivity and low hysteresis under small mechanical stimuli. Herein, we introduce simple, cost-effective, and sensitive capacitive pressure sensor based on porous Ecoflex-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite (PEMC) structures, which leads to enhancing the sensitivity (6.42 and 1.72 kPa-1 in a range of 0-2 and 2-10 kPa, respectively) due to a synergetic effect of the porous elastomer and percolation of carbon nanotube fillers. The PEMC structure shows excellent mechanical deformability and compliance for an effective integration with practical wearable devices. Also, the PEMC-based pressure sensor shows not only the long-term stability, low-hysteresis, and fast response under dynamic loading but also the high robustness against temperature and humidity changes. Finally, we demonstrate a prosthetic robot finger integrated with a PEMC-based pressure sensor and an actuator as well as a healthcare wristband capable of continuously monitoring blood pressure and heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Donguk Kwon
- Package Process Development Team , Samsung Electronics , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Dionisio Del Orbe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Jimin Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
| | - Yongsuk Oh
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics (CBIE) , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 305-701 , South Korea
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50
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Kalani S, Kohandani R, Bagherzadeh R. Flexible electrospun PVDF–BaTiO3 hybrid structure pressure sensor with enhanced efficiency. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35090-35098. [PMID: 35515651 PMCID: PMC9056859 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05675h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramic doped-polymer structures as organic and inorganic hybrid structures constitute a new area of advanced materials for flexible and stretchable sensors and actuators. Here, uniform ceramic-polymer composites of tetragonal BaTiO3 and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were prepared using solution casting to improve the pressure sensitivity. By introducing Ba–TiO3 nanoparticles to PVDF nanofibers, piezoelectricity and pressure sensitivity of hybrid nanofiber mats were significantly improved. In addition, we proposed a novel flexible and stretchable multilayered pressure sensor composed of electrospun nanocomposite fibers with high electrical sensitivity up to 6 mV N−1 compared to 1.88 mV N−1 for the pure PVDF sensors upon the application of cyclic loads at 2.5 Hz frequency and a constant load of 0.5 N. Indeed, this work provides a composition-dependent approach for the fabrication of nanostructures for pressure sensors in a wide variety of wearable devices and technologies. A hybrid structure composed of organic and inorganic piezoelectric fibrous material was developed as a flexible and stretchable pressure sensor. A separately sprayed configuration has the best performance for low frequency and low-pressure conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Kalani
- Advanced Fibrous Materials LAB
- Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technologies (ATMT)
- School of Advanced Materials and Processes
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
| | - Reza Kohandani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Roohollah Bagherzadeh
- Advanced Fibrous Materials LAB
- Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technologies (ATMT)
- School of Advanced Materials and Processes
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
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