1
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Shinohara Y, Iwashita T, Nakanishi M, Osti NC, Kofu M, Nirei M, Dmowski W, Egami T. Proton Diffusion in Liquid 1,2,3-Triazole Studied by Incoherent Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1544-1549. [PMID: 38306707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Improving the proton transport in polymer electrolytes impacts the performance of next-generation solid-state batteries. However, little is known about proton conductivity in nonaqueous systems due to the lack of an appropriate level of fundamental understanding. Here, we studied the proton transport in small molecules with dynamic hydrogen bonding, 1,2,3-triazole, as a model system of proton hopping in a nonaqueous environment using incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering. By using the jump-diffusion model, we identified the elementary jump-diffusion motion of protons at a much shorter length scale than those by nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy for the estimated long-range diffusion. In addition, a spatially restricted diffusive motion was observed, indicating that proton motion in 1,2,3-triazole is complex with various local correlated dynamics. These correlated dynamics will be important in elucidating the nature of the proton dynamics in nonaqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Shinohara
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Takuya Iwashita
- Department of Science and Engineering, Oita University, Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakanishi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
| | - Naresh C Osti
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Maiko Kofu
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masami Nirei
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Wojciech Dmowski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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2
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Qiu K, Wu K, Ma H, Ao Y, Zhou W, Cai Q. A transition-metal-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition/hydroamination cascade reaction for the construction of triazole-fused piperazin-2-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1176-1180. [PMID: 38206312 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A time-dependent, divergent synthesis of highly functionalized [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-one (reaction time: 12 h) or 6,7-dihydro-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-one (reaction time: 2 h) scaffolds via a cascade azide-alkyne cycloaddition/hydroamination protocol is reported. The transformation features good functional group compatibility, broad substrate scope, high atom economy and avoidance of the use of transition-metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongxi Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Kaifu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Haowen Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yunlin Ao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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3
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Bunno T, Maegawa K, Wlazło M, Hikima K, Nagai A, Matsuda A. Ternary Triazole-Based Organic-Inorganic Proton-Conducting Hybrids Based on Computational Models for HT-PEMFC Application. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44172-44182. [PMID: 38027392 PMCID: PMC10666242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We reported a new ternary hybrid anhydrous proton-conducting material based on triazole (Tz), wherein it interacted with TiO2 and cesium hydrogen sulfate (CHS) constructed based on the acid-base interaction. It exhibited high proton conductivity derived by the two acid-base interactions: between CHS and Tz and between Tz and TiO2. As a starting point of discussion, we attempted to theoretically predict the high/low proton conductivity using the push-pull protonated atomic distance (PAD) law, which makes it possible to predict the proton conductivity in the acid-base part based on density functional theory. The calculations indicate the possibility of achieving higher proton conductivity in the ternary composites (CHS·Tz-TiO2) involving two acid-base interactions than in binary hybrids, such as CHS·Tz and TiO2-Tz composites, suggesting the positive effect of two simultaneous acid-base interactions for achieving high proton conductivity. This result is supported by the experimental result with respect to synthesized materials obtained using the mechanochemical method. Adding TiO2 to the CHS·Tz system causes a change in the CHS·Tz interaction and promotes proton dissociation, producing a new and fast proton-conducting layer through the formation of Tz-TiO2 interaction. Applying CHS·Tz-TiO2 to high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells results in improved membrane conductivity and power-generation properties at 150 °C under anhydrous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towa Bunno
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Maegawa
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
- Next-Generation
Energy Systems Group, Centre of Excellence
ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o., Wolczynska 133, Warsaw 01-919, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wlazło
- Next-Generation
Energy Systems Group, Centre of Excellence
ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o., Wolczynska 133, Warsaw 01-919, Poland
| | - Kazuhiro Hikima
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Next-Generation
Energy Systems Group, Centre of Excellence
ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o., Wolczynska 133, Warsaw 01-919, Poland
| | - Atsunori Matsuda
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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4
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Toomari Y, Ebrahimpour H, Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H. D-glucose functionalized β-cyclodextrin as a controlled anticancer drug carrier for in vitro evaluation. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Wang C, Li Q, Wang S, Zhu G, Zhu A, Li L. Copper-catalyzed in situ oxidative-coupling for one-pot synthesis of 5-aryl-1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38108-38114. [PMID: 35498067 PMCID: PMC9043963 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new reaction system with CuCl as catalyst, TEA as base and O2/chloramine-T as oxidant was developed for one-pot in situ oxidative-coupling to synthesize 5-aryl-1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in this paper. A variety of 5-arylated-1,2,3-triazole compounds could be efficiently prepared directly from the readily accessible organic azides, terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids. Advantages of the method include use of low-cost catalyst, clean oxidant, less-toxic additive, and low reaction temperature. Importantly, due to avoiding harsh strong basic reagents and high temperatures, the presented method can offer mild conditions for multi-component synthesis of 5-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles from the designed structurally complicated alkynyl or azide donors bearing natural product motifs and sensitive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Gongming Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Anlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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6
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Chandresh A, Zhang Z, Heinke L. Insights in the Ionic Conduction inside Nanoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks by Using an Appropriate Equivalent Circuit. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164352. [PMID: 34442873 PMCID: PMC8399861 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The conduction of protons and other ions in nanoporous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is intensively explored with the aim of enhancing the performance of energy-related electrochemical systems. The ionic conductivity, as a key property of the material, is typically determined by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in connection with a suitable equivalent circuit. Often, equivalent circuits are used where the physical meaning of each component is debatable. Here, we present an equivalent circuit for the ionic conduction of electrolytes in nanoporous, nonconducting materials between inert and impermeable electrodes without faradaic electrode reactions. We show the equivalent circuit perfectly describes the impedance spectra measured for the ion conduction in MOFs in the form of powders pressed into pellets as well as for MOF thin films. This is demonstrated for the ionic conduction of an aprotic ionic liquid, and of various protic solvents in different MOF structures. Due to the clear physical meaning of each element of the equivalent circuit, further insights into the electrical double layer forming at the MOF-electrode interface can be obtained. As a result, EIS combined with the appropriate reference circuit allows us to make statements of the quality of the MOF-substrate interface of different MOF-film samples.
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7
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Mordvinkin A, Döhler D, Binder WH, Colby RH, Saalwächter K. Rheology, Sticky Chain, and Sticker Dynamics of Supramolecular Elastomers Based on Cluster-Forming Telechelic Linear and Star Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Mordvinkin
- Institut für Physik─NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Döhler
- Institut für Chemie─Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Institut für Chemie─Makromolekulare Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik─NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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9
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Peschel C, Dreßler C, Sebastiani D. ab-Initio Study of Hydrogen Bond Networks in 1,2,3-Triazole Phases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5722. [PMID: 33287426 PMCID: PMC7730418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The research in storage and conversion of energy is an everlasting process. The use of fuel cells is very tempting but up to now there are still several conceptual challenges to overcome. Especially, the requirement of liquid water causes difficulties due to the temperature limit. Therefore, imidazoles and triazoles are increasingly investigated in a manifold of experimental and theoretical publications as they are both very promising in overcoming this problem. Recently, triazoles were found to be superior to imidazoles in proton conduction. An ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation of pure triazole phases for investigating the behavior of both tautomer species of the triazole molecule has never been done. In this work, we investigate the structural and dynamical properties of two different solid phases and the liquid phase at two different temperatures. We are able to show how the distinct tautomers contribute to the mechanism of proton conduction, to compute dynamical properties of the four systems and to suggest a mechanism of reorientation in solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; (C.P.); (C.D.)
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10
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Zuñiga FJ, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Aretxabaleta XM, de la Pinta N, Breczewski T, Quesada-Moreno MM, Avilés-Moreno JR, López-González JJ, Claramunt RM, Elguero J. Conformational aspects of polymorphs and phases of 2-propyl-1 H-benzimidazole. IUCRJ 2018; 5:706-715. [PMID: 30443355 PMCID: PMC6211527 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518011685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the polymorphism of 2-propyl-1H-benzimidazole (2PrBzIm) induced by temperature change. Upon heating, an irreversible reconstructive-type phase transition at T = 384 K from the ordered form I (P212121) to a new polymorph, form II HT (Pcam), was observed. The structural transformation between forms I and II involves significant changes in the crystal packing, as well as a key conformational variation around the propyl chain of the molecule. After the first irreversible phase transition, the II HT form undergoes two further (reversible) phase transitions upon cooling at 361 K (II RT) and 181 K (II LT). All three phases (forms II HT, II RT and II LT) have almost identical crystal packing and, given the reversibility of the conversions as a function of temperature, they are referred to as form II temperature phases. They differ, however, with respect to conformational variations around the propyl chain of 2PrBzIm. Energy calculations of the gas-phase conformational energy landscape of this compound about its flexible bonds allowed us to classify the observed conformational variations of all forms into changes and adjustments of conformers. This reveals that forms I and II are related by conformational change, and that two of the form II phases (HT and RT) are related by conformational adjustment, whilst the other two (RT and LT) are related by conformational change. We introduce the term 'conformational phases' for different crystal phases with almost identical packing but showing changes in conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fco. Javier Zuñiga
- Departamento Física Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xabier M. Aretxabaleta
- Departamento Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Noelia de la Pinta
- Departamento Física Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Tomasz Breczewski
- Departamento Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla E-41704, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús López-González
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Claramunt
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Jose Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, Centro de Química Orgánica Manuel Lora-Tamayo, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid E-28006, Spain
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11
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Pulst M, Golitsyn Y, Reichert D, Kressler J. Ion Transport Properties and Ionicity of 1,3-Dimethyl-1,2,3-Triazolium Salts with Fluorinated Anions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1723. [PMID: 30223444 PMCID: PMC6164264 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazolium salts are an important class of materials with a plethora of sophisticated applications. A series of three novel 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazolium salts with fluorine, containing anions of various size, is synthesized by methylation of 1,2,3-triazole. Their ion conductivity is measured by impedance spectroscopy, and the corresponding ionicities are determined by diffusion coefficients obtained from ¹H and 19F pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) spectroscopy data, revealing that the anion strongly influences their ion conductive properties. Since the molar ion conductivities and ionicities of the 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazolium salts are enhanced in comparison to other 1,2,3-triazolium salts with longer alkyl substituents, they are promising candidates for applications as electrolytes in electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pulst
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Yury Golitsyn
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Detlef Reichert
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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12
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Hoffmann JF, Pulst M, Kressler J. Enhanced ion conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide)-based single ion conductors with lithium 1,2,3-triazolate end groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Pulst
- Department of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
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13
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Facile preparation of blend proton exchange membranes with highly sulfonated poly(arylene ether) and poly(arylene ether sulfone) bearing dense triazoles. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Chan CH, Kammer HW. Characterization of polymer electrolytes by dielectric response using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Authors present a phenomenological view on dielectric relaxation in polymer electrolytes, which is monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Molecular interaction of polymer chains with salt molecules (or dipole-dipole interaction between segments and salt molecules) leads to dipolar molecular entities. Frequency-dependant impedance spectra are the key quantities of the interest for determination of electric properties of materials and their interfaces with conducting electrodes. Salt concentration serves as parameter. Bulk and interfacial properties of the samples are discussed in terms of impedance (Z
*) and modulus (M
*) spectra. We focus on two different classes of systems, i.e. high molar mass of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)+lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) (i.e. the inorganic salt) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-25) with 25 mol% of epoxide content+LiClO4. Impedance spectra with salt content as parameter tell us that we have interaction between dipolar entities leading to dispersion of relaxation times. However, as scaling relations show, dispersion of relaxation times does not depend on salt content in the PEO system. The relaxation peak for the imaginary part of electric modulus (M″) provides information on long-range motion of dipoles. Summarizing the results from imaginary part of impedance spectrum (Z″), tan δ (imaginary/real of permittivities) and M″ for the two systems under the discussion, PEO behaves like a mixture of chains with dipoles. There are interactions between the dipoles, but they are relaxing individually. Therefore, we see PEO-salt system as a polymer electrolyte where only a tiny fraction of added salt molecules becomes electrically active in promoting conductance. However, ENR-25-salt system behaves just as a macroscopic dipole and it can not display electrode polarization or electric relaxation because there is no mobility of individual dipoles. Hence, ENR-25-salt does not form a polymer electrolyte in the classic sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Han Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA , 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor , Malaysia , Tel.: +6-03-5544 3882, Fax: +6-03-5544 4562, E-mail:
| | - Hans-Werner Kammer
- Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA , 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor , Malaysia
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15
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Wojnarowska Z, Rams-Baron M, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Połatyńska A, Pochylski M, Gapinski J, Patkowski A, Wlodarczyk P, Paluch M. Experimental evidence of high pressure decoupling between charge transport and structural dynamics in a protic ionic glass-former. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7084. [PMID: 28765639 PMCID: PMC5539233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper the relaxation dynamics of ionic glass-former acebutolol hydrochloride (ACB-HCl) is studied as a function of temperature and pressure by using dynamic light scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. These unique experimental data provide the first direct evidence that the decoupling between the charge transport and structural relaxation exists in proton conductors over a wide T-P thermodynamic space, with the time scale of structural relaxation being constant at the liquid-glass transition (τα = 1000 s). We demonstrate that the enhanced proton transport, being a combination of intermolecular H+ hopping between cation and anion as well as tautomerization process within amide moiety of ACB molecule, results in a breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation at ambient and elevated pressure with the fractional exponent k being pressure dependent. The dTg/dP coefficient, stretching exponent βKWW and dynamic modulus Ea/ΔV# were found to be the same regardless of the relaxation processes studied. This is in contrast to the apparent activation volume parameter that is different when charge transport and structural dynamics are considered. These experimental results together with theoretical considerations create new ideas to design efficient proton conductors for potential electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Katowice, Poland. .,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzow, Poland.
| | - M Rams-Baron
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzow, Poland
| | - J Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzow, Poland
| | - A Połatyńska
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Pochylski
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Gapinski
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.,NanoBioMedical Centre, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Patkowski
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.,NanoBioMedical Centre, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Wlodarczyk
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowinskiego 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzow, Poland
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16
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Pulst M, Elgabarty H, Sebastiani D, Kressler J. The annular tautomerism of lithium 1,2,3-triazolate. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tautomeric equilibrium of 1-lithium-1,2,3-triazolate (1Li-TR) and 2-lithium-1,2,3-triazolate (2Li-TR) is studied by X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pulst
- Department of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06099 Halle
- Germany
| | - Hossam Elgabarty
- Department of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06099 Halle
- Germany
| | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Department of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06099 Halle
- Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06099 Halle
- Germany
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17
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Pulst M, Samiullah MH, Baumeister U, Prehm M, Balko J, Thurn-Albrecht T, Busse K, Golitsyn Y, Reichert D, Kressler J. Crystallization of Poly(ethylene oxide) with a Well-Defined Point Defect in the Middle of the Polymer Chain. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pulst
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Muhammad H. Samiullah
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marko Prehm
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jens Balko
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Busse
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yury Golitsyn
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Detlef Reichert
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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