1
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Vuille-Dit-Bille E, Deshmukh DV, Connolly S, Heub S, Boder-Pasche S, Dual J, Tibbitt MW, Weder G. Tools for manipulation and positioning of microtissues. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4043-4066. [PMID: 36196619 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Complex three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models are emerging as a key technology to support research areas in personalised medicine, such as drug development and regenerative medicine. Tools for manipulation and positioning of microtissues play a crucial role in the microtissue life cycle from production to end-point analysis. The ability to precisely locate microtissues can improve the efficiency and reliability of processes and investigations by reducing experimental time and by providing more controlled parameters. To achieve this goal, standardisation of the techniques is of primary importance. Compared to microtissue production, the field of microtissue manipulation and positioning is still in its infancy but is gaining increasing attention in the last few years. Techniques to position microtissues have been classified into four main categories: hydrodynamic techniques, bioprinting, substrate modification, and non-contact active forces. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the different tools for the manipulation and positioning of microtissues that have been reported to date. The working mechanism of each technique is described, and its merits and limitations are discussed. We conclude by evaluating the potential of the different approaches to support progress in personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Vuille-Dit-Bille
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
- MicroBioRobotic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dhananjay V Deshmukh
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinéad Connolly
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Heub
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Jürg Dual
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Weder
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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2
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Chien CC, Jiang J, Gong B, Li T, Gaitas A. AFM Microfluidic Cantilevers as Weight Sensors for Live Single Cell Mass Measurements. MEASUREMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:095009. [PMID: 35832465 PMCID: PMC9273105 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/ac7280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reliably measuring small mass changes at the single-cell level is challenging. In this manuscript, we report the use of microfluidic cantilevers in liquid with sub-nanogram scale weight sensing capability for the measurement of cellular mass changes of living single cells. With this instrumentation, we were able to perform fast mass measurements within 3 minutes. We show results of mass measurements of polystyrene and metal beads of various sizes (smallest weight measured at 280 ± 95 pg) and live single-cell mass measurements in a physiologically relevant environment. We also performed finite element analysis to simulate and optimize the structural design and materials of cantilevers. Our simulation results indicate that using polymer materials, such as SU8 and polyimide, could improve the minimal detectable mass by 3-fold compared to conventional silicon cantilevers. The simulations also suggest that smaller dimensions of length, width, and thickness would improve the mass detection capability of microfluidic cantilevers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chi Chien
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA. Sealy Center for Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Center of Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infectious and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- BioMedical Engineering & Imaging Institute, Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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3
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Qiu Y, Chien CC, Maroulis B, Bei J, Gaitas A, Gong B. Extending applications of AFM to fluidic AFM in single living cell studies. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3222-3238. [PMID: 35696489 PMCID: PMC9378449 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a review of a series of applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluidic Atomic Force Microscopy (fluidic AFM, hereafter fluidFM) in single-cell studies is presented. AFM applications involving single-cell and extracellular vesicle (EV) studies, colloidal force spectroscopy, and single-cell adhesion measurements are discussed. FluidFM is an offshoot of AFM that combines a microfluidic cantilever with AFM and has enabled the research community to conduct biological, pathological, and pharmacological studies on cells at the single-cell level in a liquid environment. In this review, capacities of fluidFM are discussed to illustrate (1) the speed with which sequential measurements of adhesion using coated colloid beads can be done, (2) the ability to assess lateral binding forces of endothelial or epithelial cells in a confluent cell monolayer in an appropriate physiological environment, and (3) the ease of measurement of vertical binding forces of intercellular adhesion between heterogeneous cells. Furthermore, key applications of fluidFM are reviewed regarding to EV absorption, manipulation of a single living cell by intracellular injection, sampling of cellular fluid from a single living cell, patch clamping, and mass measurements of a single living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen-Chi Chien
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Basile Maroulis
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jiani Bei
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- The Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,BioMedical Engineering & Imaging Institute, Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Sealy Center for Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Human Infectious and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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4
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Mateus JC, Weaver S, van Swaay D, Renz AF, Hengsteler J, Aguiar P, Vörös J. Nanoscale Patterning of In Vitro Neuronal Circuits. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5731-5742. [PMID: 35404570 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methods for patterning neurons in vitro have gradually improved and are used to investigate questions that are difficult to address in or ex vivo. Though these techniques guide axons between groups of neurons, multiscale control of neuronal connectivity, from circuits to synapses, is yet to be achieved in vitro. As studying neuronal circuits with synaptic resolution in vivo poses significant challenges, we present an in vitro alternative to validate biophysical and computational models. In this work we use a combination of electron beam lithography and photolithography to create polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures with features ranging from 150 nm to a few millimeters. Leveraging the difference between average axon and dendritic spine diameters, we restrict axon growth while allowing spines to pass through nanochannels to guide synapse formation between small groups of neurons (i.e., nodes). We show this technique can be used to generate large numbers of isolated feed-forward circuits where connections between nodes are restricted to regions connected by nanochannels. Using a genetically encoded calcium indicator in combination with fluorescently tagged postsynaptic protein, PSD-95, we demonstrate functional synapses can form in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Mateus
- Neuroengineering and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sean Weaver
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Aline F Renz
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- Neuroengineering and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Girardin S, Clément B, Ihle SJ, Weaver S, Petr JB, Mateus JC, Duru J, Krubner M, Forró C, Ruff T, Fruh I, Müller M, Vörös J. Topologically controlled circuits of human iPSC-derived neurons for electrophysiology recordings. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1386-1403. [PMID: 35253810 PMCID: PMC8963377 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up neuroscience, which consists of building and studying controlled networks of neurons in vitro, is a promising method to investigate information processing at the neuronal level. However, in vitro studies tend to use cells of animal origin rather than human neurons, leading to conclusions that might not be generalizable to humans and limiting the possibilities for relevant studies on neurological disorders. Here we present a method to build arrays of topologically controlled circuits of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. The circuits consist of 4 to 50 neurons with well-defined connections, confined by microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes. Such circuits were characterized using optical imaging and microelectrode arrays (MEAs), suggesting the formation of functional connections between the neurons of a circuit. Electrophysiology recordings were performed on circuits of human iPSC-derived neurons for at least 4.5 months. We believe that the capacity to build small and controlled circuits of human iPSC-derived neurons holds great promise to better understand the fundamental principles of information processing and storing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Girardin
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Blandine Clément
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan J Ihle
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sean Weaver
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jana B Petr
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - José C Mateus
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jens Duru
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Magdalena Krubner
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Csaba Forró
- Cui Laboratory, S285 290 Jane Stanford Way Stanford, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tobias Ruff
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Fruh
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Müller
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Duru J, Küchler J, Ihle SJ, Forró C, Bernardi A, Girardin S, Hengsteler J, Wheeler S, Vörös J, Ruff T. Engineered Biological Neural Networks on High Density CMOS Microelectrode Arrays. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:829884. [PMID: 35264928 PMCID: PMC8900719 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.829884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In bottom-up neuroscience, questions on neural information processing are addressed by engineering small but reproducible biological neural networks of defined network topology in vitro. The network topology can be controlled by culturing neurons within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructures that are combined with microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for electric access to the network. However, currently used glass MEAs are limited to 256 electrodes and pose a limitation to the spatial resolution as well as the design of more complex microstructures. The use of high density complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) MEAs greatly increases the spatial resolution, enabling sub-cellular readout and stimulation of neurons in defined neural networks. Unfortunately, the non-planar surface of CMOS MEAs complicates the attachment of PDMS microstructures. To overcome the problem of axons escaping the microstructures through the ridges of the CMOS MEA, we stamp-transferred a thin film of hexane-diluted PDMS onto the array such that the PDMS filled the ridges at the contact surface of the microstructures without clogging the axon guidance channels. This method resulted in 23 % of structurally fully connected but sealed networks on the CMOS MEA of which about 45 % showed spiking activity in all channels. Moreover, we provide an impedance-based method to visualize the exact location of the microstructures on the MEA and show that our method can confine axonal growth within the PDMS microstructures. Finally, the high spatial resolution of the CMOS MEA enabled us to show that action potentials follow the unidirectional topology of our circular multi-node microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Duru
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joël Küchler
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J. Ihle
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Cui Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Aeneas Bernardi
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Girardin
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Wheeler
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Ruff
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Nagai M, Kato K, Soga S, Santra TS, Shibata T. Scalable Parallel Manipulation of Single Cells Using Micronozzle Array Integrated with Bidirectional Electrokinetic Pumps. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040442. [PMID: 32331468 PMCID: PMC7231381 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High throughput reconstruction of in vivo cellular environments allows for efficient investigation of cellular functions. If one-side-open multi-channel microdevices are integrated with micropumps, the devices will achieve higher throughput in the manipulation of single cells while maintaining flexibility and open accessibility. This paper reports on the integration of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micronozzle array and bidirectional electrokinetic pumps driven by DC-biased AC voltages. Pt/Ti and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were used to study the effect of DC bias and peak-to-peak voltage and electrodes in a low conductivity isotonic solution. The flow was bidirectionally controlled by changing the DC bias. A pump integrated with a micronozzle array was used to transport single HeLa cells into nozzle holes. The application of DC-biased AC voltage (100 kHz, 10 Vpp, and VDC: -4 V) provided a sufficient electroosmotic flow outside the nozzle array. This integration method of nozzle and pumps is anticipated to be a standard integration method. The operating conditions of DC-biased AC electrokinetic pumps in a biological buffer was clarified and found useful for cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan; (K.K.); (S.S.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-532-44-6701
| | - Keita Kato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan; (K.K.); (S.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Satoshi Soga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan; (K.K.); (S.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India;
| | - Takayuki Shibata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan; (K.K.); (S.S.); (T.S.)
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8
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Onoshima D, Hattori Y, Yukawa H, Ishikawa K, Hori M, Baba Y. Cell Deposition Microchip with Micropipette Control over Liquid Interface Motion. CELL MEDICINE 2018; 10:2155179017733152. [PMID: 32634180 PMCID: PMC6172985 DOI: 10.1177/2155179017733152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Positioning single cells on a solid surface is a crucial technique for understanding the
cellular functions and cell–cell interactions in cell culture assays. We developed a
microfluidic chip for depositing single cells in microwells using a simple micropipette
operation. Cells were delivered to microwells by the meniscus motion of liquid interface.
The residue deposits of cells were redistributed with air injection, and the isolated
single cells were stored in microwells. Different microwell sizes and depths were studied
to evaluate the trapping possibility of cells. Medium replacement and cell viability
staining with the isolated single cells were achieved in microwells. The chip will serve
as a tool for single-cell patterning in an easy-to-use manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Onoshima
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuya Hattori
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Japan.,College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Messner JJ, Glenn HL, Meldrum DR. Laser-fabricated cell patterning stencil for single cell analysis. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 29258486 PMCID: PMC5735507 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise spatial positioning and isolation of mammalian cells is a critical component of many single cell experimental methods and biological engineering applications. Although a variety of cell patterning methods have been demonstrated, many of these methods subject cells to high stress environments, discriminate against certain phenotypes, or are a challenge to implement. Here, we demonstrate a rapid, simple, indiscriminate, and minimally perturbing cell patterning method using a laser fabricated polymer stencil. The stencil fabrication process requires no stencil-substrate alignment, and is readily adaptable to various substrate geometries and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Honor L Glenn
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Deirdre R Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., P.O. Box 877101, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7101, USA.
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10
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Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Demkó L, Cogollo JFS, Lin SC, Burchert C, Schneider M, Ling D, Forró C, Han H, Zambelli T, Vörös J. Local Chemical Stimulation of Neurons with the Fluidic Force Microscope (FluidFM). Chemphyschem 2017; 19:1234-1244. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias J. Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - José F. Saenz Cogollo
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Shiang-Chi Lin
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Conrad Burchert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Moritz Schneider
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Doris Ling
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hana Han
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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11
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Weydert S, Zürcher S, Tanner S, Zhang N, Ritter R, Peter T, Aebersold MJ, Thompson-Steckel G, Forró C, Rottmar M, Stauffer F, Valassina IA, Morgese G, Benetti EM, Tosatti S, Vörös J. Easy to Apply Polyoxazoline-Based Coating for Precise and Long-Term Control of Neural Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8594-8605. [PMID: 28792773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arranging cultured cells in patterns via surface modification is a tool used by biologists to answer questions in a specific and controlled manner. In the past decade, bottom-up neuroscience emerged as a new application, which aims to get a better understanding of the brain via reverse engineering and analyzing elementary circuitry in vitro. Building well-defined neural networks is the ultimate goal. Antifouling coatings are often used to control neurite outgrowth. Because erroneous connectivity alters the entire topology and functionality of minicircuits, the requirements are demanding. Current state-of-the-art coating solutions such as widely used poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) fail to prevent primary neurons from making undesired connections in long-term cultures. In this study, a new copolymer with greatly enhanced antifouling properties is developed, characterized, and evaluated for its reliability, stability, and versatility. To this end, the following components are grafted to a poly(acrylamide) (PAcrAm) backbone: hexaneamine, to support spontaneous electrostatic adsorption in buffered aqueous solutions, and propyldimethylethoxysilane, to increase the durability via covalent bonding to hydroxylated culture surfaces and antifouling polymer poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA). In an assay for neural connectivity control, the new copolymer's ability to effectively prevent unwanted neurite outgrowth is compared to the gold standard, PLL-g-PEG. Additionally, its versatility is evaluated on polystyrene, glass, and poly(dimethylsiloxane) using primary hippocampal and cortical rat neurons as well as C2C12 myoblasts, and human fibroblasts. PAcrAm-g-(PMOXA, NH2, Si) consistently outperforms PLL-g-PEG with all tested culture surfaces and cell types, and it is the first surface coating which reliably prevents arranged nodes of primary neurons from forming undesired connections over the long term. Whereas the presented work focuses on the proof of concept for the new antifouling coating to successfully and sustainably prevent unwanted connectivity, it is an important milestone for in vitro neuroscience, enabling follow-up studies to engineer neurologically relevant networks. Furthermore, because PAcrAm-g-(PMOXA, NH2, Si) can be quickly applied and used with various surfaces and cell types, it is an attractive extension to the toolbox for in vitro biology and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefanie Tanner
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ning Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Rebecca Ritter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Stauffer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Huang L, Chen Y, Weng LT, Leung M, Xing X, Fan Z, Wu H. Fast Single-Cell Patterning for Study of Drug-Induced Phenotypic Alterations of HeLa Cells Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12196-12203. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark Leung
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xing
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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