1
|
Wang S, Yang Q, Han X, Chen D, Liu B, Fang W. Regulating structural stability and photoelectrical properties of FAPbI 3via formamidine cation orientation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13979-13986. [PMID: 38682867 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Organic cations play a significant role in the structural stability and photoelectrical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. The orientation of organic cations impacts its interaction with inorganic octahedrons [PbI]6-, subsequently modifying the atomic structure and electronic and optical properties of perovskite materials. However, it is still challenging to regulate the stability of perovskites with different orientations. In this work, density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the effects of the formamidine cation (FA+) located at the angles of 0°, 45°, 90° and 180° (relative to the normal of the crystal plane) along the typical crystal directions ([001], [010], [110] and [111]) on the structural stability and photoelectrical properties of formamidine lead iodide (FAPbI3). The results show that when FA+ is located at 45° along the [111] direction, FAPbI3 achieves the highest stability and excellent photoelectrical properties. The energy evolution curves display that the system with the orientation of [111] has the minimum energy value, signifying stronger stability than the other orientations. Especially, when FA+ is located at 45° along the [111] direction. it exhibits a stronger hydrogen bond between H and I atoms, shorter Pb-I bond length and smaller [PbI]6- octahedral tilt bond angle. The band gap in the [110] direction changes from direct to indirect while FAPbI3 with other FA+ orientations still maintains the direct band structure located at the high symmetric R point. Furthermore, FA+ orientation drives the redshift of FAPbI3 towards the long wavelength region in the [111] crystal direction, which enhances the light absorption coefficient. This work can offer guidance in employing molecular regulation technology for the development of stable perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xiuchen Han
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Dongmeng Chen
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ternes S, Laufer F, Paetzold UW. Modeling and Fundamental Dynamics of Vacuum, Gas, and Antisolvent Quenching for Scalable Perovskite Processes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308901. [PMID: 38308172 PMCID: PMC11005745 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) promise cost-effective fabrication with large-scale solution-based manufacturing processes as well as high power conversion efficiencies. Almost all of today's high-performance solution-processed perovskite absorber films rely on so-called quenching techniques that rapidly increase supersaturation to induce a prompt crystallization. However, to date, there are no metrics for comparing results obtained with different quenching methods. In response, the first quantitative modeling framework for gas quenching, anti-solvent quenching, and vacuum quenching is developed herein. Based on dynamic thickness measurements in a vacuum chamber, previous works on drying dynamics, and commonly known material properties, a detailed analysis of mass transfer dynamics is performed for each quenching technique. The derived models are delivered along with an open-source software framework that is modular and extensible. Thereby, a deep understanding of the impact of each process parameter on mass transfer dynamics is provided. Moreover, the supersaturation rate at critical concentration is proposed as a decisive benchmark of quenching effectiveness, yielding ≈ 10-3 - 10-1s-1 for vacuum quenching, ≈ 10-5 - 10-3s-1 for static gas quenching, ≈ 10-2 - 100s-1 for dynamic gas quenching and ≈ 102s-1 for antisolvent quenching. This benchmark fosters transferability and scalability of hybrid perovskite fabrication, transforming the "art of device making" to well-defined process engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ternes
- CHOSE–Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar EnergyDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”via del Politecnico 1Rome00133Italy
- Light Technology Institute (LTI)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1376131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Felix Laufer
- Light Technology Institute (LTI)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1376131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ulrich W. Paetzold
- Light Technology Institute (LTI)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1376131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brennan MC, McCleese CL, Loftus LM, Lipp J, Febbraro M, Hall HJ, Turner DB, Carter MJ, Stevenson PR, Grusenmeyer TA. Optically Transparent Lead Halide Perovskite Polycrystalline Ceramics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38498384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
We utilize room-temperature uniaxial pressing at applied loads achievable with low-cost, laboratory-scale presses to fabricate freestanding CH3NH3PbX3 (X- = Br-, Cl-) polycrystalline ceramics with millimeter thicknesses and optical transparency up to ∼70% in the infrared. As-fabricated perovskite ceramics can be produced with desirable form factors (i.e., size, shape, and thickness) and high-quality surfaces without any postprocessing (e.g., cutting or polishing). This method should be broadly applicable to a large swath of metal halide perovskites, not just the compositions shown here. In addition to fabrication, we analyze microstructure-optical property relationships through detailed experiments (e.g., transmission measurements, electron microscopy, X-ray tomography, optical profilometry, etc.) as well as modeling based on Mie theory. The optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of perovskite polycrystalline ceramics are benchmarked against those of single-crystalline analogues through spectroscopic ellipsometry, Hall measurements, and nanoindentation. Finally, γ-ray scintillation from a transparent MAPbBr3 ceramic is demonstrated under irradiation from a 137Cs source. From a broader perspective, scalable methods to produce freestanding polycrystalline lead halide perovskites with comparable properties to their single-crystal counterparts could enable key advancements in the commercial production of perovskite-based technologies (e.g., direct X-ray/γ-ray detectors, scintillators, and nonlinear optics).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Brennan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Christopher L McCleese
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Lauren M Loftus
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Jeremiah Lipp
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Michael Febbraro
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Harris J Hall
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - David B Turner
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael J Carter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Peter R Stevenson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park J, Huh S, Choi YW, Kang D, Kim M, Kim D, Park S, Choi HJ, Kim C, Yi Y. Visualizing the Low-Energy Electronic Structure of Prototypical Hybrid Halide Perovskite through Clear Band Measurements. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7570-7579. [PMID: 38377437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) are a promising class of materials that rival conventional semiconductors in various optoelectronic applications. However, unraveling the precise nature of their low-energy electronic structures continues to pose a significant challenge, primarily due to the absence of clear band measurements. Here, we investigate the low-energy electronic structure of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI3) using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy combined with ab initio density functional theory. We successfully visualize the electronic structure of MAPI3 near the bulk valence band maximum by using a laboratory photon source (He Iα, 21.2 eV) at low temperature and explore its fundamental properties. The observed valence band exhibits a highly isotropic and parabolic band characterized by small effective masses of 0.20-0.21 me, without notable spectral signatures associated with a large polaron or the Rashba effect, subjects that are intensely debated in the literature. Concurrently, our spin-resolved measurements directly disprove the giant Rashba scenario previously suggested in a similar perovskite compound by establishing an upper limit for the Rashba parameter (αR) of 0.28 eV Å. Our results unveil the unusually complex nature of the low-energy electronic structure of OIHPs, thereby advancing our fundamental understanding of this important class of materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeehong Park
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonsang Huh
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron System, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Choi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Kang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron System, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghan Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron System, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Choi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron System, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Nughays R, Rossi TC, Oppermann M, Ogieglo W, Bian T, Shih CH, Guo TF, Pinnau I, Yin J, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF, Chergui M. Disentangling Thermal from Electronic Contributions in the Spectral Response of Photoexcited Perovskite Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5393-5401. [PMID: 38359303 PMCID: PMC10910496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Disentangling electronic and thermal effects in photoexcited perovskite materials is crucial for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications but remains a challenge due to their intertwined nature in both the time and energy domains. In this study, we employed temperature-dependent variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, density functional theory calculations, and broadband transient absorption spectroscopy spanning the visible to mid-to-deep-ultraviolet (UV) ranges on MAPbBr3 thin films. The use of deep-UV detection opens a new spectral window that enables the exploration of high-energy excitations at various symmetry points within the Brillouin zone, facilitating an understanding of the ultrafast responses of the UV bands and the underlying mechanisms governing them. Our investigation reveals that the photoinduced spectral features remarkably resemble those generated by pure lattice heating, and we disentangle the relative thermal and electronic contributions and their evolutions at different delay times using combinations of decay-associated spectra and temperature-induced differential absorption. The results demonstrate that the photoinduced transients possess a significant thermal origin and cannot be attributed solely to electronic effects. Following photoexcitation, as carriers (electrons and holes) transfer their energy to the lattice, the thermal contribution increases from ∼15% at 1 ps to ∼55% at 500 ps and subsequently decreases to ∼35-50% at 1 ns. These findings elucidate the intricate energy exchange between charge carriers and the lattice in photoexcited perovskite materials and provide insights into the limited utilization efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Division of Physical
Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Nughays
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Division of Physical
Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas C. Rossi
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Malte Oppermann
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Ogieglo
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Division of Physical
Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tieyuan Bian
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hua Shih
- Department
of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzung-Fang Guo
- Department
of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ingo Pinnau
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Division of Physical
Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Yin
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Division of Physical
Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Guo Z, Qin Y, Liu R, He Y, Zhu X, Xu F, He T. Rashba Effect and Spin-Dependent Excitonic Properties in Chiral Two-Dimensional/Three-Dimensional Composite Perovskite Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11697-11703. [PMID: 38109354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Among various chiral semiconductor materials, chiral two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) composite perovskites (CPs) offer the benefits of strong interface asymmetry and energy transfer between 2D and 3D phases, making the chiral CPs promising for spintronic devices. Therefore, understanding their spintronic properties will be greatly important for expanding their relevant applications. In this work, we synthesized one pair of chiral 2D/3D CP films. Their Rashba effect and spin relaxation process have been investigated by polarization-dependent femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, under left- and right-handed circularly polarized light (CPL) excitation, a two-photon emission intensity difference is observed in chiral 2D/3D CP films at 298 K. This work sheds light on the spin-dependent excitonic characteristics of chiral 2D/3D CPs and confirms the feasibility of their application in near-infrared CPL detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhihang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rulin Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yejun He
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Fuming Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tingchao He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van der Geest MLS, de Boer JJ, Murzyn K, Jürgens P, Ehrler B, Kraus PM. Transient High-Harmonic Spectroscopy in an Inorganic-Organic Lead Halide Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10810-10818. [PMID: 38015825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation is the frequency upconversion of an intense femtosecond infrared laser in a material. In condensed-phase high-harmonic generation, laser-driven currents of coherently excited charge carriers map the electronic structure onto the emitted light. This promises a thus far scarcely explored potential of condensed-phase time-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy for probing carrier dynamics. Here, we realize this potential and use time-resolved solid-state high-harmonic spectroscopy from a laser-excited methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) thin film, a key material in perovskite solar cells, for measuring carrier cooling and relaxation on femto- and picosecond time scales. Through comparison with transient absorption, we show the links between carrier dynamics and experimental observables of generated harmonics. By highlighting and understanding the interplay of these dynamics, we demonstrate transient optical control over the emission of solid-state high-harmonic generation in MAPbBr3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten L S van der Geest
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J de Boer
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 102, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Murzyn
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Jürgens
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, D-12 489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 102, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Kraus
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chalkias DA, Mourtzikou A, Katsagounos G, Kalarakis AN, Stathatos E. Development of Greener and Stable Inkjet-Printable Perovskite Precursor Inks for All-Printed Annealing-Free Perovskite Solar Mini-Modules Manufacturing. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300664. [PMID: 37381687 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet-printing is considered an emerging manufacturing process for developing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with low material wastes and high production throughput. Up-to-now, all case studies on inkjet-printed PSCs are based on the exploitation of toxic solvents and/or high-molarity perovskite precursor inks that are known to enable the development of high-efficiency photovoltaics (PVs). The present study provides a new insight for developing lower-toxicity, high performance and stable (for more than 2 months) inkjet-printable perovskite precursor inks for fully ambient air processed PSCs. Using an ink composed of a green low vapor pressure noncoordinating solvent and only 0.8 m of perovskite precursors, the feasibility of fabricating high-quality and with minimum coffee-ring defects, annealing-free perovskite absorbent layers under ambient atmosphere is demonstrated. Noteworthily, the PSCs fabricated using the industry-compatible carbon-based hole transport material free architecture and the proposed ink present an efficiency >13% that is considered on the performance records for the under-consideration PV architecture employing an inkjet-printed active layer. Outstanding is also found the stability of the devices under the conditions determined by the ISOS-D-1 protocol (T95 = 1000 h). Finally, the perspective of upscaling PSCs to the mini-module level (100 cm2 aperture area) is demonstrated, with the upscaling losses to be as low as 8.3%rel dec-1 per upscaled active area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Chalkias
- BRITE Solar Technologies, Rio-Patras, GR26504, Greece
- Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, Patras, GR26334, Greece
| | - A Mourtzikou
- BRITE Solar Technologies, Rio-Patras, GR26504, Greece
| | - G Katsagounos
- BRITE Solar Technologies, Rio-Patras, GR26504, Greece
| | - A N Kalarakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, Patras, GR26334, Greece
| | - E Stathatos
- BRITE Solar Technologies, Rio-Patras, GR26504, Greece
- Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, Patras, GR26334, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moaddeli M, Kanani M, Grünebohm A. Electronic and structural properties of mixed-cation hybrid perovskites studied using an efficient spin-orbit included DFT-1/2 approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25511-25525. [PMID: 37712408 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02472e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding and optimization of the emerging mixed organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites for solar cells require multiscale modeling starting from ab initio quantum mechanics methods. Particularly, it is important to correctly predict the structural and electronic properties such as phase stability, lattice parameters, band gaps, and band structures. Although density functional theory is the method of choice to address these properties and generate the input for subsequent multiscale, high-throughput, and data-driven approaches, standard exchange correlation functionals fail to reproduce the bandgap, particularly if spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is correctly taken into account. While many SOC-included hybrid functionals suffer from low transferability between different molecular ions and are computationally costly, we propose an efficient multistep simulation protocol based on the DFT-1/2 method. We apply this approach to APbI3 with A: FA, MA, Cs, and systems with mixed cations and show how the choice of the A-cation modifies the Pb-I scaffold and the hydrogen bonding and discuss their interplay with structural stability. Furthermore, band gaps, band structures, Rashba band splitting, Born effective charges as well as partial density of states (PDOS) are compared for different cases w/wo the SOC effect and the DFT-1/2 approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moaddeli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- Solar Energy Technology Development Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansour Kanani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- Solar Energy Technology Development Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anna Grünebohm
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS) and Center for Interface-Dominated High Performance Materials (ZGH), Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-Fernández A, Kammlander B, Riva S, Kühn D, Svanström S, Rensmo H, Cappel UB. Interface Energy Alignment between Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals and TIPS-Pentacene. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15412-15420. [PMID: 37712395 PMCID: PMC10523438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is a huge development in optoelectronic applications using lead halide perovskites. Considering that device performance is largely governed by the transport of charges across interfaces and, therefore, the interfacial electronic structure, fundamental investigations of perovskite interfaces are highly necessary. In this study, we use high-resolution soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy based on synchrotron radiation to explore the interfacial energetics for the molecular layer of TIPS-pentacene and lead halide perovskite single crystals. We perform ultrahigh vacuum studies on multiple thicknesses of an in situ formed interface of TIPS-pentacene with four different in situ cleaved perovskite single crystals (MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, FAPbBr3, and CsxFA1-xPbBryI3-y). Our findings reveal a substantial shift of the TIPS-pentacene energy levels toward higher binding energies with increasing thickness, while the perovskite energy levels remain largely unaffected regardless of their composition. These shifts can be interpreted as band bending in the TIPS-pentacene, and such effects should be considered when assessing the energy alignment at perovskite/organic transport material interfaces. Furthermore, we were able to follow a reorganization on the MAPbI3 surface with the transformation of the surface C 1s into bulk C 1s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Fernández
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH − Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm100 44, Sweden
| | - Birgit Kammlander
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH − Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm100 44, Sweden
| | - Stefania Riva
- Division
of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516,Uppsala751 20, Sweden
| | - Danilo Kühn
- Institute
Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research PSISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Division
of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516,Uppsala751 20, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Division
of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516,Uppsala751 20, Sweden
| | - Ute B. Cappel
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH − Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm100 44, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Pfeifer L, Zakeeruddin SM, Chu J, Grätzel M. Tailoring passivators for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:632-652. [PMID: 37464018 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing global effort to advance emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and many of these endeavours are focused on developing new compositions, processing methods and passivation strategies. In particular, the use of passivators to reduce the defects in perovskite materials has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for enhancing the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of PSCs. Organic passivators have received increasing attention since the late 2010s as their structures and properties can readily be modified. First, this Review discusses the main types of defect in perovskite materials and reviews their properties. We examine the deleterious impact of defects on device efficiency and stability and highlight how defects facilitate extrinsic degradation pathways. Second, the proven use of different passivator designs to mitigate these negative effects is discussed, and possible defect passivation mechanisms are presented. Finally, we propose four specific directions for future research, which, in our opinion, will be crucial for unlocking the full potential of PSCs using the concept of defect passivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Junhao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hou Y, Li J, Yoon J, Knoepfel AM, Yang D, Zheng L, Ye T, Ghosh S, Priya S, Wang K. Retina-inspired narrowband perovskite sensor array for panchromatic imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2338. [PMID: 37058567 PMCID: PMC10104461 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The retina is the essential part of the human visual system that receives light, converts it to neural signal, and transmits to brain for visual recognition. The red, green, and blue (R/G/B) cone retina cells are natural narrowband photodetectors (PDs) sensitive to R/G/B lights. Connecting with these cone cells, a multilayer neuro-network in the retina provides neuromorphic preprocessing before transmitting to brain. Inspired by this sophistication, we develop the narrowband (NB) imaging sensor combining R/G/B perovskite NB sensor array (mimicking the R/G/B photoreceptors) with a neuromorphic algorithm (mimicking the intermediate neural network) for high-fidelity panchromatic imaging. Compared to commercial sensors, we use perovskite "intrinsic" NB PD to exempt the complex optical filter array. In addition, we use an asymmetric device configuration to collect photocurrent without external bias, enabling a power-free photodetection feature. These results display a promising design for efficient and intelligent panchromatic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Junde Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Jungjin Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abbey Marie Knoepfel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Luyao Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Swaroop Ghosh
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Shashank Priya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu H, Long R. Spin-Orbit Coupling Notably Retards Non-radiative Electron-Hole Recombination in Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2715-2721. [PMID: 36892969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The giant spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of a heavy lead element significantly extends charge carrier lifetimes of lead halide perovskites (LHPs). The physical mechanism remains unclear and requires a quantum dynamics perspective. Taking methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as a prototypical system and using non-adiabatic molecular dynamics combined with 1/2 electron correction, we show that SOC notably reduces the non-radiative electron-hole (e-h) recombination by decreasing the non-adiabatic coupling (NAC) primarily as a result of SOC decreasing the e-h wave function overlap by reshaping the electron and hole wave functions. Second, SOC causes spin mismatch subject to spin-mixed states, which further decreases NAC. The charge carrier lifetime is about 3-fold longer in the present of SOC relative to the absence of SOC. Our study generates the fundamental understanding of SOC minimizing non-radiative charge and energy losses in LHPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Lu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Revealing the impact of organic spacers and cavity cations on quasi-2D perovskites via computational simulations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4446. [PMID: 36932128 PMCID: PMC10023785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid lead iodide perovskites based on methylammonium (MA) cation and butylammonium (BA) organic spacer-such as [Formula: see text]-are one of the most explored 2D hybrid perovskites in recent years. Correlating the atomistic profile of these systems with their optoelectronic properties is a challenge for theoretical approaches. Here, we employed first-principles calculations via density functional theory to show how the cation partially canceled dipole moments through the [Formula: see text] terminal impact the structural/electronic properties of the [Formula: see text] sublattices. Even though it is known that at high temperatures, the organic cation assumes a spherical-like configuration due to the rotation of the cations inside the cage, our results discuss the correct relative orientation according to the dipole moments for ab initio simulations at 0 K, correlating well structural and electronic properties with experiments. Based on the combination of relativistic quasiparticle correction and spin-orbit coupling, we found that the MA horizontal-like configuration concerning the inorganic sublattice surface leads to the best relationship between calculated and experimental gap energy throughout n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 number of layers. Conversely, the dipole moments cancellation (as in BA-MA aligned-like configuration) promotes the closing of the gap energies through an electron depletion mechanism. We found that the anisotropy [Formula: see text] isotropy optical absorption conversion (as a bulk convergence) is achieved only for the MA horizontal-like configuration, which suggests that this configuration contribution is the majority in a scenario under temperature effects.
Collapse
|
16
|
Volosniev AG, Shiva Kumar A, Lorenc D, Ashourishokri Y, Zhumekenov AA, Bakr OM, Lemeshko M, Alpichshev Z. Spin-Electric Coupling in Lead Halide Perovskites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106901. [PMID: 36962044 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites enjoy a number of remarkable optoelectronic properties. To explain their origin, it is necessary to study how electromagnetic fields interact with these systems. We address this problem here by studying two classical quantities: Faraday rotation and the complex refractive index in a paradigmatic perovskite CH_{3}NH_{3}PbBr_{3} in a broad wavelength range. We find that the minimal coupling of electromagnetic fields to the k·p Hamiltonian is insufficient to describe the observed data even on the qualitative level. To amend this, we demonstrate that there exists a relevant atomic-level coupling between electromagnetic fields and the spin degree of freedom. This spin-electric coupling allows for quantitative description of a number of previous as well as present experimental data. In particular, we use it here to show that the Faraday effect in lead halide perovskites is dominated by the Zeeman splitting of the energy levels and has a substantial beyond-Becquerel contribution. Finally, we present general symmetry-based phenomenological arguments that in the low-energy limit our effective model includes all basis coupling terms to the electromagnetic field in the linear order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem G Volosniev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Abhishek Shiva Kumar
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Dusan Lorenc
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Younes Ashourishokri
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ayan A Zhumekenov
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Zhanybek Alpichshev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rubino A, Lozano G, Calvo ME, Míguez H. Determination of the optical constants of ligand-free organic lead halide perovskite quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2553-2560. [PMID: 36440673 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of the optical constants of perovskite lead halide quantum dots (QDs) is required to both understand their interaction with light and to rationally design and optimize the devices based on them. However, their determination from colloidal nanocrystal suspensions, or films made out of them, remains elusive, as a result of the difficulty in disentangling the optical constants of the organic capping ligands and those of the semiconductor itself. In this work, we extract the refractive index and extinction coefficient of ligand-free methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and bromide (MAPbBr3) nanocrystals. In order to prevent the use of organic ligands in the preparation, we follow a scaffold assisted synthetic procedure, which yields a composite film of high optical quality that can be independently and precisely characterized and modelled. In this way, the contribution of the guest nanocrystals can be successfully discriminated from that of the host matrix. Using a Kramers-Kronig consistent dispersion model along with an effective medium approximation, it is possible to derive the optical constants of the QDs by fitting the spectral dependence of light transmitted and reflected at different angles and polarizations. Our results indicate a strong dependence of the optical constants on the QD size. Small nanocrystals show remarkably large values of the extinction coefficient compared to their bulk counterparts. This analysis opens the door to the rigorous modelling of solar cells and light-emitting diodes with active layers based on perovskite QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rubino
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Lozano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A DFT Study of Alkaline Earth Metal-Doped FAPbI 3 (111) and (100) Surfaces. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010372. [PMID: 36615572 PMCID: PMC9822229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the effect of replacing lead by alkaline earth metals on the stability, electronic and optical properties of the formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) (111) and (100) surfaces with different terminations in the form of FAPb1-xAExI3 structures, where AE is Be, Mg or Ca. It is revealed that the (111) surface is more stable, indicating metallic characteristics. The (100) surfaces exhibit a suitable bandgap of around 1.309 and 1.623 eV for PbI5 and PbI6 terminations, respectively. Increases in the bandgaps as a result of Mg- and Ca-doping of the (100) surface were particularly noted in FAPb0.96Ca0.04I3 and FAPb0.8Ca0.2I3 with bandgaps of 1.459 and 1.468 eV, respectively. In the presence of Be, the band gap reduces critically by about 0.315 eV in the FAPb0.95Be0.05I3 structure, while increasing by 0.096 eV in FAPb0.96Be0.04I3. Optimal absorption, high extinction coefficient and light harvesting efficiency were achieved for plain and doped (100) surfaces in the visible and near UV regions. In order to improve the optical properties of the (111)-PbI3 surface in initial visible areas, we suggest calcium-doping in this surface to produce FAPb0.96Ca0.04I3, FAPb0.92Ca0.08I3, and FAPb0.88Ca0.12I3 structures.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dutta R, Tian SIP, Liu Z, Lakshminarayanan M, Venkataraj S, Cheng Y, Bash D, Chellappan V, Buonassisi T, Jayavelu S. Extracting film thickness and optical constants from spectrophotometric data by evolutionary optimization. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276555. [PMID: 36449457 PMCID: PMC9710797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple and elegant method to extract the thickness and the optical constants of various films from the reflectance and transmittance spectra in the wavelength range of 350 - 1000 nm. The underlying inverse problem is posed here as an optimization problem. To find unique solutions to this problem, we adopt an evolutionary optimization approach that drives a population of candidate solutions towards the global optimum. An ensemble of Tauc-Lorentz Oscillators (TLOs) and an ensemble of Gaussian Oscillators (GOs), are leveraged to compute the reflectance and transmittance spectra for different candidate thickness values and refractive index profiles. This model-based optimization is solved using two efficient evolutionary algorithms (EAs), namely genetic algorithm (GA) and covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMAES), such that the resulting spectra simultaneously fit all the given data points in the admissible wavelength range. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in estimating the optical parameters of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Dutta
- Institute for Infocomm Research (IR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (RD); (VC); (TB); (SJ)
| | - Siyu Isaac Parker Tian
- Low Energy Electronic Systems (LEES), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Selvaraj Venkataraj
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniil Bash
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijila Chellappan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (RD); (VC); (TB); (SJ)
| | - Tonio Buonassisi
- Low Energy Electronic Systems (LEES), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (VC); (TB); (SJ)
| | - Senthilnath Jayavelu
- Institute for Infocomm Research (IR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Artificial Intelligence, Analytics And Informatics (AI), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (RD); (VC); (TB); (SJ)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Serafini P, Gualdrón-Reyes AF, Sánchez RS, Barea EM, Masi S, Mora-Seró I. Balanced change in crystal unit cell volume and strain leads to stable halide perovskite with high guanidinium content. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32630-32639. [PMID: 36425685 PMCID: PMC9661883 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date studies propose that strain in halide perovskites is one of the key factors that determine a device's efficiency and stability. Here, we show a systematic approach to characterize the phenomenon in the standard methylammonium lead iodine (MAPbI3) perovskite system by: (i) the substitution of some MA by guanidinium (Gu); (ii) the incorporation of PbS quantum dot (QD) additives and (iii) addition of both Gu and PbS at the same time. We studied the effect of these incorporations on the film strain and crystal cell unit volume, and on the solar cell device efficiency and stability. Gu cations and PbS QDs affect the strain, the former due to the relatively large dimensions of Gu, and the latter due to the lattice matching parameters. With the control of Gu and PbS QD content, higher performance and longer solar cell stability are obtained. We demonstrated that the presence of Gu and PbS QDs alters the structure of perovskite, in terms of modification of the unit cell volume and strain. The greater size of Gu cations produces a MAPbI3 unit cell volume expansion as Gu is incorporated, modifying the strain from compressive to tensile. PbS QDs aid Gu incorporation, producing a unit cell volume expansion. In the case of 15% mol Gu incorporation, the addition of PbS QDs modifies strain from compressive to tensile, limiting the deleterious effect. At the same time the unit cell volume is less affected, increasing the solar cell stability. Our work shows that the control of compressive strain and the unit cell volume expansion lead to a 50% increase in T 80, the time in which the PCE decreases to 80% of its original value, increasing the T 80 value from 120 to 187 days under air conditions. Moreover it highlights the importance of exploiting not only the control of the strain induced by internal component, the cation, but also the strain induced by the external component, the QD, associated instead with critical volume variation of metastable perovskite unit cell volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Serafini
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló de la Plana Spain
| | - Andrés F Gualdrón-Reyes
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló de la Plana Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile Isla Teja 5090000 Valdivia Chile
| | - Rafael S Sánchez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló de la Plana Spain
| | - Eva M Barea
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló de la Plana Spain
| | - Sofia Masi
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló de la Plana Spain
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló de la Plana Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ouyang Z, Yan L, You W, Moran AM. Probing drift velocity dispersion in MAPbI 3 photovoltaic cells with nonlinear photocurrent spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:174202. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional time-of-flight (TOF) measurements yield charge carrier mobilities in photovoltaic cells with time resolution limited by the RC time constant of the device, which is on the order of 0.1–1 µs for the systems targeted in the present work. We have recently developed an alternate TOF method, termed nonlinear photocurrent spectroscopy (NLPC), in which carrier drift velocities are determined with picosecond time resolution by applying a pair of laser pulses to a device with an experimentally controlled delay time. In this technique, carriers photoexcited by the first laser pulse are “probed” by way of recombination processes involving carriers associated with the second laser pulse. Here, we report NLPC measurements conducted with a simplified experimental apparatus in which synchronized 40 ps diode lasers enable delay times up to 100 µs at 5 kHz repetition rates. Carrier mobilities of ∼0.025 cm2/V/s are determined for MAPbI3 photovoltaic cells with active layer thicknesses of 240 and 460 nm using this instrument. Our experiments and model calculations suggest that the nonlinear response of the photocurrent weakens as the carrier densities photoexcited by the first laser pulse trap and broaden while traversing the active layer of a device. Based on this aspect of the signal generation mechanism, experiments conducted with co-propagating and counter-propagating laser beam geometries are leveraged to determine a 60 nm length scale of drift velocity dispersion in MAPbI3 films. Contributions from localized states induced by thermal fluctuations are consistent with drift velocity dispersion on this length scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stability and degradation in triple cation and methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells mediated via Au and Ag electrodes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18574. [PMID: 36329076 PMCID: PMC9633698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly based on the methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) formulation, have been of intense interest for the past decade within the photovoltaics (PV) community, given the stupendous rise in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) attributed to these perovskite formulations, where PCEs have exceeded 25%. However, their long-term stability under operational conditions and environmental storage are still prime challenges to be overcome towards their commercialization. Although studies on the intrinsic perovskite absorber stability have been conducted previously, there are no clear mechanisms for the interaction of electrode-induced absorber degradation pathways, which is the focus of this study. In this report, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis on the impact of the electrode collector layer, specifically Ag and Au, on the degradation mechanism associated with the MAPbI3 and a triple cation absorber, Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16PbI2.45Br0.55. Notably, Au-based PSCs for both absorbers in an n-i-p architecture showed superior PCE over Ag-based PSCs, where the optimized PCE of MAPbI3 and triple cation-based PSCs was 15.39% and 18.21%, respectively. On the other hand, optimized PCE of MAPbI3 and triple cation-based PSCs with Ag electrodes was 3.02% and 16.44%, respectively. In addition, the Ag-based PSCs showed a rapid decrease in PCE over Au-based PSCs through operational stability measurements. We hypothesize the mechanism of degradation, arising from the Ag interaction with the absorber through the formation of AgI in the PSCs, leads to corrosion of the perovskite absorber, as opposed to the benign AuI when Au electrodes are used in the solar cell stack. Additionally, novel use of photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) here, allowed us to access key features of the perovskite absorber in situ, while it was in contact with the various layers within the n-i-p solar cell stack. A quenching in the PL peak in the case of Ag-contacted MAPbI3 provided direct evidence of the Ag corrupting the optical properties of the absorber through the formation of AgI which our X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed. This was supported by the fact that an emission peak was still present in the triple cation Ag-device. For the Au-contacted MAPbI3 the presence of a well-defined PL peak, though attenuated from the triple cation Au-device, suggested the AuI does not quell the emission spectrum for either the triple cation or the MAPbI3 absorber. The findings should aid in the understanding and design of new electrode materials with PSCs, which will help accelerate their introduction into the commercial sector in the future.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yumoto G, Kanemitsu Y. Biexciton dynamics in halide perovskite nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22405-22425. [PMID: 36106456 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02826c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are attracting considerable interest as next-generation optoelectronic materials. Optical responses of nanocrystals are determined by excitons and exciton complexes such as trions and biexcitons. Understanding of their dynamics is indispensable for the optimal design of optoelectronic devices and the development of new functional properties. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the exciton and biexciton photophysics in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals revealed by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and single-dot spectroscopy. We discuss the impact of the biexciton dynamics on controlling and improving the optical gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Yumoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yoon J, Liu X, Lee EC. Defect Passivation via Isoxazole Doping in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34278-34285. [PMID: 36188244 PMCID: PMC9520746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance, which is deeply related to perovskite layer quality, researchers have explored numerous strategies. Additive doping into perovskite precursors has been widely used to improve the PSC performance. In this study, we used isoxazole-a Lewis-base small molecule-as an additive for the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) precursor and explored how isoxazole effectively passivates defects in the perovskite structure. We found that isoxazole interacted with undercoordinated Pb2+ ions from an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey and verified that isoxazole doping improved the device performance. When the optimized concentration of isoxazole was doped in the MAPbI3 precursor, the power conversion efficiency increased from 15.6 to 17.5%, with an improved fill factor and short-circuit current density. In addition, an isoxazole-doped device sustained 94% of its initial performance after 8 days under ambient air conditions (10 ± 5 RH %, 25 °C), whereas a device without isoxazole doping only maintained 64% of its initial performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Yoon
- Department
of Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department
of Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Lee
- Department
of Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Y, Parkes MA, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ruddlesden M, Fielding HH, Su L. Single-crystal organometallic perovskite optical fibers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8629. [PMID: 36149951 PMCID: PMC9506722 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in their optical-fiber forms are desirable. Single-crystal organometallic halide perovskites have attractive optoelectronic properties and therefore are suitable fiber-optic platforms. However, single-crystal organometallic perovskite optical fibers have not been reported before due to the challenge of one-directional single-crystal growth in solution. Here, we report a solution-processed approach to continuously grow single-crystal organometallic perovskite optical fibers with controllable diameters and lengths. For single-crystal MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3+) perovskite optical fiber made using our method, it demonstrates low transmission losses (<0.7 dB/cm), mechanical flexibilities (a bending radius down to 3.5 mm), and mechanical deformation-tunable photoluminescence in organometallic perovskites. Moreover, the light confinement provided by our organometallic perovskite optical fibers leads to three-photon absorption (3PA), in contrast with 2PA in bulk single crystals under the same experimental conditions. The single-crystal organometallic perovskite optical fibers have the potential in future optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michael A. Parkes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Jinshuai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michael Ruddlesden
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Helen H. Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Lei Su
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Z, He J, Frauenheim T, Prezhdo OV, Wang J. Control of Hot Carrier Cooling in Lead Halide Perovskites by Point Defects. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18126-18134. [PMID: 36125494 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hot carriers (HCs) in lead halide perovskites are prone to rapidly relax at the band edge and waste plentiful photon energy, severely limiting their conversion efficiency as HC photovoltaic devices. Here, the HC cooling dynamics of MAPbI3 perovskite with common vacancy point defects (e.g., MAv+ and Iv-) and an interstitial point defect (e.g., Ii-) is elucidated, and the underlying physics is explicated using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. Contrary to vacancy point defects, the interstitial point defect reduces the band degeneracy, decreases the HC -phonon interaction, weakens the nonadiabatic coupling, and ultimately slows down hot electron cooling by a factor of 1.5-2. Furthermore, the band-by-band relaxation pathway and direct relaxation pathway are uncovered for hot electron cooling and hot hole cooling, respectively, explaining why hot electrons can store more energy than hot holes during the cooling process. Besides, oxygen molecules interacting with Ii- sharply accelerate the hot electron cooling, making it even faster than that of the pristine system and revealing the detrimental effect of oxygen on HC cooling. This work provides significant insights into the defect-dependent HC cooling dynamics and suggests a new strategy to design high-efficiency HC photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Zhou
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.,Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Junjie He
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.,Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ni Z, Xu S, Jiao H, Gu H, Fei C, Huang J. High grain boundary recombination velocity in polycrystalline metal halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8345. [PMID: 36070394 PMCID: PMC9451161 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding carrier recombination processes in metal halide perovskites is fundamentally important to further improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, yet the accurate recombination velocity at grain boundaries (GBs) has not been determined. Here, we report the determination of carrier recombination velocities at GBs (SGB) of polycrystalline perovskites by mapping the transient photoluminescence pattern change induced by the nonradiative recombination of carriers at GBs. Charge recombination at GBs is revealed to be even stronger than at surfaces of unpassivated films, with average SGB reaching 2200 to 3300 cm/s. Regular surface treatments do not passivate GBs because of the absence of contact at GBs. We find a surface treatment using tributyl(methyl)phosphonium dimethyl phosphate that can penetrate into GBs by partially dissolving GBs and converting it into one-dimensional perovskites. It reduces the average SGB by four times, with the lowest SGB of 410 cm/s, which is comparable to surface recombination velocities after passivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Ni
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haoyang Jiao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hangyu Gu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chengbin Fei
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ceratti DR, Tenne R, Bartezzaghi A, Cremonesi L, Segev L, Kalchenko V, Oron D, Potenza MAC, Hodes G, Cahen D. Self-Healing and Light-Soaking in MAPbI 3 : The Effect of H 2 O. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110239. [PMID: 35731235 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The future of halide perovskites (HaPs) is beclouded by limited understanding of their long-term stability. While HaPs can be altered by radiation that induces multiple processes, they can also return to their original state by "self-healing." Here two-photon (2P) absorption is used to effect light-induced modifications within MAPbI3 single crystals. Then the changes in the photodamaged region are followed by measuring the photoluminescence, from 2P absorption with 2.5 orders of magnitude lower intensity than that used for photodamaging the MAPbI3 . After photodamage, two brightening and one darkening process are found, all of which recover but on different timescales. The first two are attributed to trap-filling (the fastest) and to proton-amine-related chemistry (the slowest), while photodamage is attributed to the lead-iodide sublattice. Surprisingly, while after 2P-irradiation of crystals that are stored in dry, inert ambient, photobrightening (or "light-soaking") occurs, mostly photodarkening is seen after photodamage in humid ambient, showing an important connection between the self-healing of a HaP and the presence of H2 O, for long-term steady-state illumination, practically no difference remains between samples kept in dry or humid environments. This result suggests that photobrightening requires a chemical-reservoir that is sensitive to the presence of H2 O, or possibly other proton-related, particularly amine, chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Raffaele Ceratti
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- CNRS, UMR 9006, IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Ron Tenne
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Andrea Bartezzaghi
- Institute of Mathematics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 8, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Llorenç Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and CIMAINA, University of Milan, via Celoria, 16, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Lior Segev
- Department of Physics Core Facilities Lab Automation Software Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Vyacheslav Kalchenko
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Laird JS, Ravishankar S, Rietwyk KJ, Mao W, Bach U, Smith TA. Intensity Modulated Photocurrent Microspectrosopy for Next Generation Photovoltaics. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200493. [PMID: 35973943 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this report, a large-area laser beam induced current microscope that has been adapted to perform intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) in an imaging mode is described. Microscopy-based IMPS method provides a spatial resolution of the frequency domain response of the solar cell, allowing correlation of the optoelectronic response with a particular interface, bulk material, specific transport layer, or transport parameter. The system is applied to study degradation effects in back-contact perovskite cells where it is found to readily differentiate areas based on their markedly different frequency response. Using the diffusion-recombination model, the IMPS response is modeled for a sandwich structure and extended for the special case of lateral diffusion in a back-contact cell. In the low-frequency limit, the model is used to calculate spatial maps of the carrier ambipolar diffusion length. The observed frequency response of IMPS images is then discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Laird
- Centre of Excellence in Excitons, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Kevin J Rietwyk
- Centre of Excellence in Excitons, Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Wenxin Mao
- Centre of Excellence in Excitons, Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Udo Bach
- Centre of Excellence in Excitons, Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- Centre of Excellence in Excitons, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ambrosio F, De Angelis F, Goñi AR. The Ferroelectric-Ferroelastic Debate about Metal Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7731-7740. [PMID: 35969174 PMCID: PMC9421894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are solution-processed materials with exceptional photoconversion efficiencies that have brought a paradigm shift in photovoltaics. The nature of the peculiar optoelectronic properties underlying such astounding performance is still controversial. The existence of ferroelectricity in MHPs and its alleged impact on photovoltaic activity have fueled an intense debate, in which unanimous consensus is still far from being reached. Here we critically review recent experimental and theoretical results with a two-fold objective: we argue that the occurrence of ferroelectric domains is incompatible with the A-site cation dynamics in MHPs and propose an alternative interpretation of the experiments based on the concept of ferroelasticity. We further underline that ferroic behavior in MHPs would not be relevant at room temperature or higher for the physics of photogenerated charge carriers, since it would be overshadowed by competing effects like polaron formation and ion migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and UdR INSTM of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department
of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, College of Sciences & Human
Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro R. Goñi
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee JW, Naqvi FH, Ko JH, Kim TH, Ahn CW. Acoustic Anomalies and the Critical Slowing-Down Behavior of MAPbCl3 Single Crystals Studied by Brillouin Light Scattering. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103692. [PMID: 35629720 PMCID: PMC9145713 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inelastic light scattering spectra of organic–inorganic halide perovskite MAPbCl3 single crystals were investigated by using Brillouin spectroscopy. Sound velocities and acoustic absorption coefficients of longitudinal and transverse acoustic modes propagating along the cubic [100] direction were determined in a wide temperature range. The sound velocities exhibited softening upon cooling in the cubic phase, which was accompanied by the increasing acoustic damping. The obtained relaxation time showed a critical slowing-down behavior, revealing the order–disorder nature of the phase transition, which is consistent with the growth of strong central peaks upon cooling toward the phase transition point. The temperature dependences of the two elastic constants C11 and C44 were obtained in the cubic phase for the first time. The comparison of C11 and C44 with those of other halide perovskites showed that C11 of MAPbCl3 is larger and C44 is slightly smaller compared to the values of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3. It suggests that MAPbCl3 has a more compact structure (smaller lattice constant) along with stronger binding forces, causing larger C11 and bulk modulus in this compound, and that the shear rigidity is exceedingly small similar to other halide perovskites. The reported elastic constants in this study may serve as a testbed for theoretical and calculational approaches for MAPbCl3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Nano Convergence Technology, Nano Convergence Technology Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.N.)
| | - Furqanul Hassan Naqvi
- School of Nano Convergence Technology, Nano Convergence Technology Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.N.)
| | - Jae-Hyeon Ko
- School of Nano Convergence Technology, Nano Convergence Technology Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tae Heon Kim
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (T.H.K.); (C.W.A.)
| | - Chang Won Ahn
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea; (T.H.K.); (C.W.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rakowski R, Fisher W, Calbo J, Mokhtar MZ, Liang X, Ding D, Frost JM, Haque SA, Walsh A, Barnes PRF, Nelson J, van Thor JJ. High Power Irradiance Dependence of Charge Species Dynamics in Hybrid Perovskites and Kinetic Evidence for Transient Vibrational Stark Effect in Formamidinium. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101616. [PMID: 35630839 PMCID: PMC9146680 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites materials have the potential for both photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. Relatively little has been reported on the kinetics of charge relaxation upon intense excitation. In order to evaluate the illumination power density dependence on the charge recombination mechanism, we have applied a femtosecond transient mid-IR absorption spectroscopy with strong excitation to directly measure the charge kinetics via electron absorption. The irradiance-dependent relaxation processes of the excited, photo-generated charge pairs were quantified in polycrystalline MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, and (FAPbI3)0.97(MAPbBr3)0.03 thin films that contain either methylamonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA). This report identifies the laser-generated charge species and provides the kinetics of Auger, bimolecular and excitonic decay components. The inter-band electron-hole (bimolecular) recombination was found to dominate over Auger recombination at very high pump irradiances, up to the damage threshold. The kinetic analysis further provides direct evidence for the carrier field origin of the vibrational Stark effect in a formamidinium containing perovskite material. The results suggest that radiative excitonic and bimolecular recombination in MAPbI3 at high excitation densities could support light-emitting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Rakowski
- Life Science Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - William Fisher
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (W.F.); (J.M.F.); (P.R.F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Muhamad Z. Mokhtar
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Xinxing Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (X.L.); (D.D.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Dong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (X.L.); (D.D.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (W.F.); (J.M.F.); (P.R.F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saif A. Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (X.L.); (D.D.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Piers R. F. Barnes
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (W.F.); (J.M.F.); (P.R.F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (W.F.); (J.M.F.); (P.R.F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Jasper J. van Thor
- Life Science Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
García-Fernández A, Svanström S, Sterling CM, Gangan A, Erbing A, Kamal C, Sloboda T, Kammlander B, Man GJ, Rensmo H, Odelius M, Cappel UB. Experimental and Theoretical Core Level and Valence Band Analysis of Clean Perovskite Single Crystal Surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106450. [PMID: 35122466 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the surface and interface properties of lead halide perovskites is of interest for several applications, in which these materials may be used. To develop this understanding, the study of clean crystalline surfaces can be an important stepping stone. In this work, the surface properties and electronic structure of two different perovskite single crystal compositions (MAPbI3 and Csx FA1- x PbI3 ) are investigated using synchrotron-based soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory. The use of synchrotron-based soft X-ray PES enables high surface sensitivity and nondestructive depth-profiling. Core level and valence band spectra of the single crystals are presented. The authors find two carbon 1s contributions at the surface of MAPbI3 and assign these to MA+ ions in an MAI-terminated surface and to MA+ ions below the surface. It is estimated that the surface is predominantly MAI-terminated but up to 30% of the surface can be PbI2 -terminated. The results presented here can serve as reference spectra for photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of technologically relevant polycrystalline thin films, and the findings can be utilized to further optimize the design of device interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Fernández
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Cody M Sterling
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Abhijeet Gangan
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Axel Erbing
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Chinnathambi Kamal
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
- Theory and Simulations Laboratory, HRDS, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452013, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Tamara Sloboda
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Birgit Kammlander
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Gabriel J Man
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Ute B Cappel
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao X, Lu H, Fang WH, Long R. Correlated organic-inorganic motion enhances stability and charge carrier lifetime in mixed halide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4644-4653. [PMID: 35262126 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07732e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic cations are believed to have little influence on the charge carrier lifetime in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Experiments defy this expectation. We consider formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) doping with and without Br as two prototypical systems, and perform ab initio time-domain nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics simulations to investigate nonradiative electron-hole recombination. The simulations demonstrate that correlated organic-inorganic motion stabilizes the lattice and inhibits nonradiative charge recombination in FAPbI3 upon Br doping. Br doping suppresses the rotation of FA and the vibrations of both organic and inorganic components, and leads to hole localization and the extent of localization is enhanced upon thermal impact, notably reducing the NA coupling by decreasing the overlap between the electron and hole wave functions. Doping also slightly increases the bandgap for further decreasing NA coupling and enhances the open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells. The small NA coupling and large bandgap beat the slow coherence loss, delaying electron-hole recombination and extending the charge carrier lifetime to 1.5 ns in Br-doped FAPbI3, which is on the order of 1.1 ns in pristine FAPbI3. The obtained time scales are in good agreement with experiments. Multiple phonon modes, including those of both the inorganic and organic components, couple to the electronic subsystem and accommodate the excess electronic energy lost during nonradiative charge recombination. The study reveals the unexpected atomistic mechanisms for the reduction of electron-hole recombination upon Br doping, rationalizes the experiments, and advances our understanding of the excited-state dynamics of perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoran Lu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Optical Characterization and Prediction with Neural Network Modeling of Various Stoichiometries of Perovskite Materials Using a Hyperregression Method. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060932. [PMID: 35335745 PMCID: PMC9052202 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary perovskite solar cells are being extensively studied, with the goal of increasing solar cell efficiency and securing stability by changing the ratios of methylammonium, formamidinium, I3, and Br3. However, when the stoichiometric ratio is changed, the photoelectric properties reflect those of different materials, making it difficult to study the physical properties of the quaternary perovskite. In this study, the optical properties of perovskite materials with various stoichiometric ratios were measured using ellipsometry, and the results were analyzed using an optical simulation model. Because it is difficult to analyze the spectral pattern according to composition using the existing method of statistical regression analysis, an artificial neural network (ANN) structure was constructed to enable the hyperregression analysis of n-dimensional variables. Finally, by inputting the stoichiometric ratios used in the fabrication and the wavelength range to the trained artificial intelligence model, it was confirmed that the optical properties were similar to those measured with an ellipsometer. The refractive index and extinction coefficient extracted through the ellipsometry analysis show a tendency consistent with the color change of the specimen, and have a similar shape to that reported in the literature. When the optical properties of the unmodified perovskite are predicted using the verified artificial intelligence model, a very complex change in pattern is observed, which is impossible to analyze with a general regression method. It can be seen that this change in optical properties is well maintained, even during rapid variations in the pattern according to the change in composition. In conclusion, hyperregression analysis with n-dimensional variables can be performed for the spectral patterns of thin-film materials using a simple big data construction method.
Collapse
|
36
|
Howard JM, Wang Q, Srivastava M, Gong T, Lee E, Abate A, Leite MS. Quantitative Predictions of Moisture-Driven Photoemission Dynamics in Metal Halide Perovskites via Machine Learning. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2254-2263. [PMID: 35239346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite (MHP) photovoltaics may become a viable alternative to standard Si-based technologies, but the current lack of long-term stability precludes their commercial adoption. Exposure to standard operational stressors (light, temperature, bias, oxygen, and water) often instigate optical and electronic dynamics, calling for a systematic investigation into MHP photophysical processes and the development of quantitative models for their prediction. We resolve the moisture-driven light emission dynamics for both methylammonium lead tribromide and triiodide thin films as a function of relative humidity (rH). With the humidity and photoluminescence time series, we train recurrent neural networks and establish their ability to quantitatively predict the path of future light emission with 18% error over 4 h. Together, our in situ rH-PL measurements and machine learning forecasting models provide a framework for the rational design of future stable perovskite devices and, thus, a faster transition toward commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Howard
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qiong Wang
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meghna Srivastava
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erica Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Antonio Abate
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina S Leite
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qarony W, Khan HA, Hossain MI, Kozawa M, Salleo A, Hardeberg JY, Fujiwara H, Tsang YH, Knipp D. Beyond Tristimulus Color Vision with Perovskite-Based Multispectral Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11645-11653. [PMID: 35191665 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, optical multispectral sensors based on perovskite semiconductors have been proposed, simulated, and characterized. The perovskite material system combined with the 3D vertical integration of the sensor channels allow for realizing sensors with high sensitivities and a high spectral resolution. The sensors can be applied in several emerging areas, including biomedical imaging, surveillance, complex motion planning of autonomous robots or vehicles, artificial intelligence, and agricultural applications. The sensor elements can be vertically integrated on a readout electronic to realize sensor arrays and multispectral digital cameras. In this study, three- and six-channel vertically stacked perovskite sensors are optically designed, electromagnetically simulated, and colorimetrically characterized to evaluate the color reproduction. The proposed sensors allow for the implementation of snapshot cameras with high sensitivity. The proposed sensor is compared to other sensor technologies in terms of sensitivity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayesh Qarony
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haris Ahmad Khan
- Farm Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Ismail Hossain
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Masayuki Kozawa
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jon Yngve Hardeberg
- The Norwegian Colour and Visual Computing Laboratory, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2802 Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Knipp
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ke QB, Wu JR, Lin CC, Chang SH. Understanding the PEDOT:PSS, PTAA and P3CT-X Hole-Transport-Layer-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040823. [PMID: 35215736 PMCID: PMC8963032 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of metal-oxide-based regular perovskite solar cells have been higher than 25% for more than 2 years. Up to now, the PCEs of polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells are widely lower than 23%. PEDOT:PSS thin films, modified PTAA thin films and P3CT thin films are widely used as the hole transport layer or hole modification layer of the highlyefficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Compared with regular perovskite solar cells, polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells can be fabricated under relatively low temperatures. However, the intrinsic characteristics of carrier transportation in the two types of solar cells are different, which limits the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells. Thanks to the low activation energies for the formation of high-quality perovskite crystalline thin films, it is possible to manipulate the optoelectronic properties by controlling the crystal orientation with the different polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates. To achieve the higher PCE, the effects of polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates on the optoelectronic properties and the formation of perovskite crystalline thin films have to be completely understood simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bin Ke
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Jia-Ren Wu
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chia-Chen Lin
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Sheng Hsiung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; (Q.B.K.); (J.-R.W.); (C.-C.L.)
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Boziki A, Baudin P, Liberatore E, Ashari Astani N, Rothlisberger U. A theoretical perspective of the ultrafast transient absorption dynamics of CsPbBr 3. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:577-582. [PMID: 35146764 PMCID: PMC9305422 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient absorption spectra (TAS) of lead halide perovskites can provide important insights into the nature of the photoexcited state dynamics of this prototypical class of materials. Here, we perform ground and excited state molecular dynamics (MD) simulations within a restricted open shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) approach in order to interpret the characteristic features of the TAS of CsPbBr3 . Our results reveal that properties such as the finite temperature band gap, the Stokes shift, and therefore, also the TAS are strongly size-dependent. Our TAS simulations show an early positive red-shifted feature on the fs scale that can be explained by geometric relaxation in the excited state. As excited-state processes can crucially affect the electronic properties of this class of photoactive materials, our observations are an important ingredient for further optimization of lead halide based optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Boziki
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Baudin
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Liberatore
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Negar Ashari Astani
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang YN, Tong L, Min-Wan, Liu JY, Ye SY, Mensah A, Li JY, Chen LZ. Band gap modulation of organic–inorganic Sb(iii) halide by molecular design. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four organic–inorganic hybrid materials were designed, and a successful adjustment of the band gap was obtained, from 2.933 eV to as low as 2.788 eV, via replacing the third hydrogen atom of the benzene ring in the organic cation with a halogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ning Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Wan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Ye
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Abraham Mensah
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhuang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Redondo-Obispo C, Serafini P, Climent-Pascual E, Ripolles T, Mora-Seró I, de Andrés A, Coya C. Effect of Pristine Graphene on Methylammonium Lead Iodide Films and Implications on Solar Cell Performance. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:13943-13951. [PMID: 34977475 PMCID: PMC8715421 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The relatively low stability of solar cells based on hybrid halide perovskites is the main issue to be solved for the implementation in real life of these extraordinary materials. Degradation is accelerated by temperature, moisture, oxygen, and light and mediated by halide easy hopping. The approach here is to incorporate pristine graphene, which is hydrophobic and impermeable to gases and likely limits ionic diffusion while maintaining adequate electronic conductivity. Low concentrations of few-layer graphene platelets (up to 24 × 10-3 wt %) were incorporated to MAPbI3 films for a detailed structural, optical, and transport study whose results are then used to fabricate solar cells with graphene-doped active layers. The lowest graphene content delays the degradation of films with time and light irradiation and leads to enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability of the solar cells, with relative improvement over devices without graphene of 15% in the power conversion efficiency, PCE. A higher graphene content further stabilizes the perovskite films but is detrimental for in-operation devices. A trade-off between the possible sealing effect of the perovskite grains by graphene, that limits ionic diffusion, and the reduction of the crystalline domain size that reduces electronic transport, and, especially, the detected increase of film porosity, that facilitates the access to atmospheric gases, is proposed to be at the origin of the observed trends. This work demonstrated how the synergy between these materials can help to develop cost-effective routes to overcome the stability barrier of metal halide perovskites, introducing active layer design strategies that allow commercialization to take off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Redondo-Obispo
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, C/Sor
Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Serafini
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - E. Climent-Pascual
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica
de Madrid, C/José
Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - T.S. Ripolles
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación,
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Mora-Seró
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - A. de Andrés
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, C/Sor
Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Coya
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación,
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Roy M, Vikram, Bhawna, Alam A, Aslam M. Photoinduced quasi-2D to 3D phase transformation in hybrid halide perovskite nanoplatelets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27355-27364. [PMID: 34854855 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03529k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a photo-induced quasi-2D to 3D phase transition of MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3) perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs). To begin with, we synthesized quasi-2D MAPbBr3 NPLs (two octahedral layers thick, n = 2). A systematic increase in the thickness of the perovskite platelets is observed as a result of continuous photon irradiation leading to a 78 nm red shift in the emission spectra through different stages. Moreover, the bandgap of the compound decreases from 2.72 eV to 2.2 eV as we move from a quasi-2D to 3D phase. The excitonic Bohr radius of the MAPbBr3 NPLs is found to be 1.8 nm, whereas the thickness of a single layer of PbBr64- octahedra is 5.9 Å. As the layer thickness increases (>4-6 layers), MAPbBr3 NPLs move out of the quantum confinement regime, governed by the red shift in the emission spectra. To complement the experimental results, density functional theory calculations were performed on MAPbBr3 of various layer thicknesses. The van der Waals interaction and a more accurate Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof functional were used to calculate the optical bandgap for MAPbBr3 platelets of different layer thicknesses, which matches exceptionally well with the experimental results. Our findings disclose an interesting and meaningful phenomenon in the emerging hybrid perovskite NPLs and are beneficial for any future development of perovskite-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Vikram
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Bhawna
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Aftab Alam
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - M Aslam
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Verkamp M, Leveillee J, Sharma A, Lin MF, Schleife A, Vura-Weis J. Carrier-Specific Hot Phonon Bottleneck in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Revealed by Femtosecond XUV Absorption. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20176-20182. [PMID: 34813692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond carrier cooling in the organohalide perovskite semiconductor CH3NH3PbI3 is measured using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and optical transient absorption spectroscopy. XUV absorption between 44 and 58 eV measures transitions from the I 4d core to the valence and conduction bands and gives distinct signals for hole and electron dynamics. The core-to-valence-band signal directly maps the photoexcited hole distribution and provides a quantitative measurement of the hole temperature. The combination of XUV and optical probes reveals that upon excitation at 400 nm, the initial hole distribution is 3.5 times hotter than the electron distribution. At an initial carrier density of 1.4 × 1020 cm-3 both carriers are subject to a hot phonon bottleneck, but at 4.2 × 1019 cm-3 the holes cool to less than 1000 K within 400 fs. This result places significant constraints on the use of organohalide perovskites in hot-carrier photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Verkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua Leveillee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aastha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - André Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Godin R, Durrant JR. Dynamics of photoconversion processes: the energetic cost of lifetime gain in photosynthetic and photovoltaic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13372-13409. [PMID: 34786578 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The continued development of solar energy conversion technologies relies on an improved understanding of their limitations. In this review, we focus on a comparison of the charge carrier dynamics underlying the function of photovoltaic devices with those of both natural and artificial photosynthetic systems. The solar energy conversion efficiency is determined by the product of the rate of generation of high energy species (charges for solar cells, chemical fuels for photosynthesis) and the energy contained in these species. It is known that the underlying kinetics of the photophysical and charge transfer processes affect the production yield of high energy species. Comparatively little attention has been paid to how these kinetics are linked to the energy contained in the high energy species or the energy lost in driving the forward reactions. Here we review the operational parameters of both photovoltaic and photosynthetic systems to highlight the energy cost of extending the lifetime of charge carriers to levels that enable function. We show a strong correlation between the energy lost within the device and the necessary lifetime gain, even when considering natural photosynthesis alongside artificial systems. From consideration of experimental data across all these systems, the emprical energetic cost of each 10-fold increase in lifetime is 87 meV. This energetic cost of lifetime gain is approx. 50% greater than the 59 meV predicted from a simple kinetic model. Broadly speaking, photovoltaic devices show smaller energy losses compared to photosynthetic devices due to the smaller lifetime gains needed. This is because of faster charge extraction processes in photovoltaic devices compared to the complex multi-electron, multi-proton redox reactions that produce fuels in photosynthetic devices. The result is that in photosynthetic systems, larger energetic costs are paid to overcome unfavorable kinetic competition between the excited state lifetime and the rate of interfacial reactions. We apply this framework to leading examples of photovoltaic and photosynthetic devices to identify kinetic sources of energy loss and identify possible strategies to reduce this energy loss. The kinetic and energetic analyses undertaken are applicable to both photovoltaic and photosynthetic systems allowing for a holistic comparison of both types of solar energy conversion approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada. .,Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chandel A, Wu JR, Thakur D, Kassou S, Chiang SE, Cheng KJ, Li CY, Yen YS, Chen SH, Chang SH. Improvement of interfacial contact for efficient PCBM/MAPbI 3planar heterojunction solar cells with a binary antisolvent mixture treatment. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:485401. [PMID: 34407524 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1ec0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-force microscopic images, x-ray diffraction patterns, Urbach energies and photoluminescence quenching experiments show that the interfacial contact quality between the hydrophobic [6,6]-phenyl-C61-buttric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin film and hydrophilic CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3) thin film can be effectively improved by using a binary antisolvent mixture (toluene:dichloromethane or chlorobenzene:dichloromethane) in the anti-solvent mixture-mediated nucleation process, which increases the averaged power conversion efficiency of the resultant PEDOT:PSS (P3CT-Na) thin film based MAPbI3solar cells from 13.18% (18.52%) to 13.80% (19.55%). Beside, the use of 10% dichloromethane (DCM) in the binary antisolvent mixture results in a nano-textured MAPbI3thin film with multicrystalline micrometer-sized grains and thereby increasing the short-circuit current density and fill factor (FF) of the resultant solar cells. It is noted that a remarkable FF of 80.33% is achieved, which can be used to explain the stable photovoltaic performance without additional encapsulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Chandel
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ren Wu
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Diksha Thakur
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Said Kassou
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shou-En Chiang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Jen Cheng
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yu Li
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Sheng Yen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chen
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng Hsiung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu D, Li W, Liu H, Xiao X, Shi K, Tang H, Shan C, Wang K, Sun XW, Kyaw AKK. Universal Strategy for Improving Perovskite Photodiode Performance: Interfacial Built-In Electric Field Manipulated by Unintentional Doping. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101729. [PMID: 34263560 PMCID: PMC8456202 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have demonstrated significant light detection potential, with a performance comparable to that of commercially available photodetectors. In this study, a general design guideline, which is applicable to both inverted and regular structures, is proposed for high-performance perovskite photodiodes through an interfacial built-in electric field (E) for efficient carrier separation and transport. The interfacial E generated at the interface between the active and charge transport layers far from the incident light is critical for effective charge carrier collection. The interfacial E can be modulated by unintentional doping of the perovskite, whose doping type and density can be easily controlled by the post-annealing time and temperature. Employing the proposed design guideline, the inverted and regular perovskite photodiodes exhibit the external quantum efficiency of 83.51% and 76.5% and responsivities of 0.37 and 0.34 A W-1 , respectively. In the self-powered mode, the dark currents reach 7.95 × 10-11 and 1.47 × 10-8 A cm-2 , providing high detectivities of 7.34 × 1013 and 4.96 × 1012 Jones, for inverted and regular structures, respectively, and a long-term stability of at least 1600 h. This optimization strategy is compatible with existing materials and device structures and hence leads to substantial potential applications in perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityLantian Road 3002Shenzhen518118P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Xiangtian Xiao
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Kanming Shi
- Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n) LaboratoryCNRS ERL 7004and Department of Optical NanotechnologiesUniversity of Technology of TroyesTroyes10004France
| | - Haodong Tang
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Shan
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei Sun
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot DisplaysShenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and LightingDepartment of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyXueyuan Blvd. 1088Shenzhen518055P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Weng S, Tamang A, Salleo A, Fujiwara H, Nakamura M, Zhang Y, Knipp D. Band-Gap-Engineered Transparent Perovskite Solar Modules to Combine Photovoltaics with Photosynthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39230-39238. [PMID: 34384209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid energy harvesting system that simultaneously generates electrical energy and chemical energy with an increased overall energy conversion efficiency is designed. A photovoltaic system together with photosynthesis-executing plants forms the system. The photosynthesis-executing plants are placed directly behind or under the solar cells, but the presence of the solar cells does not affect the photosynthesis process of the plant. The spectral characteristics of the solar cells are tuned to allow for optimal plant growth. To achieve the required spectral absorption, the solar cells are tailored by using a high-band-gap (1.95 eV) mixed-halide perovskite. A guide on how to achieve an efficient hybrid energy-harvesting system is introduced. Furthermore, the suggested solar module enables a simple manufacturing process, which is consistent with the fabrication of most thin-film solar modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Weng
- Mathematics and Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Asman Tamang
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen 28759, Germany
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Mathematics and Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Dietmar Knipp
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Toward a Scalable Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells under Fully Ambient Air Atmosphere: From Spin-Coating to Inkjet-Printing of Perovskite Absorbent Layer. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10161904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Up until now, the vast majority of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have relied on the spin-coating of perovskite precursor solution under inert fully controlled conditions, with the performance of solar cells that are developed by alternative techniques and under an ambient atmosphere to lag far behind. This impedes the technology transfer from the laboratory to industrial large-scale production; thus, the investigation of new scalable techniques should be thoroughly considered. The present work constitutes one of the few investigations on the application of inkjet-printing as an advanced alternative technique to the conventional spin-coating technique used for the fabrication of fully ambient air-processed perovskite absorbent layers for carbon-based hole transport layer-free PSCs. A systematic study of the characteristics of the perovskite material and solar cells indicated that the coffee-ring effect combined with poor ink penetration into the mesoporous network of the anode semiconductor were the main reasons for obtaining poor perovskite structure morphology and lower PSC performance by inkjet-printing, which arises from a lower internal quantum efficiency and an increased charge transfer and recombination rate. On the other hand, the crystallinity and optical characteristics of the materials obtained by the compared techniques did not differ considerably, while small differences were observed in the hysteretic behavior and long-term stability of the solar cells.
Collapse
|
49
|
Octavio de Araujo L, Sabino FP, Rêgo CRC, Guedes-Sobrinho D. Bulk Rashba Effect Splitting and Suppression in Polymorphs of Metal Iodine Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7245-7251. [PMID: 34313438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We quantified the bulk Rashba splitting and suppression in polymorphs of MA(Pb, Sn, Ge, or Si)I3 perovskites. The low-computational-cost DFT-1/2 quasiparticle correction was performed for all structures, combined with the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects. The presence of SOC and symmetry breaking from the metal off-centering octahedral distortion are indispensable and essential conditions for Rashba splitting, whose magnitude emerges from the Pb → Si sequence. Additionally, the quasiparticle correction provides energy bandgaps for MAPbI3 (cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic), MASnI3 (cubic and tetragonal), and MAGeI3 (cubic) that are in outstanding agreement with experimental results. However, while gap energies are yielded collaboratively from the metal off-centering and relative octahedral tiltings, the bulk Rashba suppression is reached for metal on-centering (octahedral platonic-like) configurations that are thermodynamically stable even when the charge polarization is kept invariant among metal-I bonds in the polymorphs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Octavio de Araujo
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, CEP 81531-980 Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Celso R C Rêgo
- Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann von Helmholtz Platz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diego Guedes-Sobrinho
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, CEP 81531-980 Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Impact of Humidity and Temperature on the Stability of the Optical Properties and Structure of MAPbI 3, MA 0.7FA 0.3PbI 3 and (FAPbI 3) 0.95(MAPbBr 3) 0.05 Perovskite Thin Films. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14144054. [PMID: 34300973 PMCID: PMC8307273 DOI: 10.3390/ma14144054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) measurements have been conducted on MAPbI3, MA0.7FA0.3PbI3, and (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 perovskite thin films when exposed to different levels of relative humidity at given temperatures over time. Analysis of RTSE measurements track changes in the complex dielectric function spectra and structure, which indicate variations in stability influenced by the underlying material, preparation method, and perovskite composition. MAPbI3 and MA0.7FA0.3PbI3 films deposited on commercial fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass are more stable than corresponding films deposited on soda lime glass directly. (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 films on soda lime glass showed improved stability over the other compositions regardless of the substrate, and this is attributed to the preparation method as well as the final composition.
Collapse
|