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Han JH, Kim D, Kim J, Kim G, Fischer P, Jeong HH. Plasmonic Nanostructure Engineering with Shadow Growth. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2107917. [PMID: 35332960 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical shadow growth is a vacuum deposition technique that permits a wide variety of 3D-shaped nanoparticles and structures to be fabricated from a large library of materials. Recent advances in the control of the shadow effect at the nanoscale expand the scope of nanomaterials from spherical nanoparticles to complex 3D shaped hybrid nanoparticles and structures. In particular, plasmonically active nanomaterials can be engineered in their shape and material composition so that they exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. Here, the recent progress in the development of shadow growth techniques to realize hybrid plasmonic nanomaterials is discussed. The review describes how fabrication permits the material response to be engineered and highlights novel functions. Potential fields of application with a focus on photonic devices, biomedical, and chiral spectroscopic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hwan Han
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyurin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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Yadav S, Senapati S, Kumar S, Gahlaut SK, Singh JP. GLAD Based Advanced Nanostructures for Diversified Biosensing Applications: Recent Progress. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1115. [PMID: 36551082 PMCID: PMC9775079 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is a technique for the fabrication of sculpted micro- and nanostructures under the conditions of oblique vapor flux incident and limited adatom diffusion. GLAD-based nanostructures are emerging platforms with broad sensing applications due to their high sensitivity, enhanced optical and catalytic properties, periodicity, and controlled morphology. GLAD-fabricated nanochips and substrates for chemical and biosensing applications are replacing conventionally used nanomaterials due to their broad scope, ease of fabrication, controlled growth parameters, and hence, sensing abilities. This review focuses on recent advances in the diverse nanostructures fabricated via GLAD and their applications in the biomedical field. The effects of morphology and deposition conditions on GLAD structures, their biosensing capability, and the use of these nanostructures for various biosensing applications such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and colorimetric- and wettability-based bio-detection will be discussed in detail. GLAD has also found diverse applications in the case of molecular imaging techniques such as fluorescence, super-resolution, and photoacoustic imaging. In addition, some in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, have been discussed. Furthermore, we will also provide an overview of the status of GLAD technology as well as future challenges associated with GLAD-based nanostructures in the mentioned areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarjana Yadav
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sneha Senapati
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Samir Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashank K. Gahlaut
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jitendra P. Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Xie KX, Li Z, Fang JH, Cao SH, Li YQ. Au-Ag Alloy Nanoshuttle Mediated Surface Plasmon Coupling for Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111014. [PMID: 36421131 PMCID: PMC9688416 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE), a novel signal enhancement technology generated by the interactions between surface plasmons and excited fluorophores in close vicinity to metallic film, has shown excellent performance in bioimaging. Variable-angle nanoplasmonic fluorescence microscopy (VANFM), based on an SPCE imaging system, can selectively modulate the imaging depth by controlling the excitation angles. In order to further improve the imaging performance, Au-Ag alloy nanoshuttles were introduced into an Au substrate to mediate the plasmonic properties. Benefiting from the strong localized plasmon effect of the modified SPCE chip, better imaging brightness, signal-to-background ratio and axial resolution for imaging of the cell membrane region were obtained, which fully displays the imaging advantages of SPCE system. Meanwhile, the imaging signal obtained from the critical angle excitation mode was also amplified, which helps to acquire a more visible image of the cell both from near- and far-field in order to comprehensively investigate the cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Hua Fang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuo-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yao-Qun Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Huang Y, Darr CM, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S, Bok S, Chakraborty S. Applications of machine learning tools for ultra-sensitive detection of lipoarabinomannan with plasmonic grating biosensors in clinical samples of tuberculosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275658. [PMID: 36282804 PMCID: PMC9595565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death globally and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Eradicating the Tuberculosis epidemic by 2030 is one of the top United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Early diagnosis is essential to achieving this goal because it improves individual prognosis and reduces transmission rates of asymptomatic infected. We aim to support this goal by developing rapid and sensitive diagnostics using machine learning algorithms to minimize the need for expert intervention. Methods and findings A single molecule fluorescence immunosorbent assay was used to detect Tuberculosis biomarker lipoarabinomannan from a set of twenty clinical patient samples and a control set of spiked human urine. Tuberculosis status was separately confirmed by GeneXpert MTB/RIF and cell culture. Two machine learning algorithms, an automatic and a semiautomatic model, were developed and trained by the calibrated lipoarabinomannan titration assay data and then tested against the ground truth patient data. The semiautomatic model differed from the automatic model by an expert review step in the former, which calibrated the lower threshold to determine single molecules from background noise. The semiautomatic model was found to provide 88.89% clinical sensitivity, while the automatic model resulted in 77.78% clinical sensitivity. Conclusions The semiautomatic model outperformed the automatic model in clinical sensitivity as a result of the expert intervention applied during calibration and both models vastly outperformed manual expert counting in terms of time-to-detection and completion of analysis. Meanwhile, the clinical sensitivity of the automatic model could be improved significantly with a larger training dataset. In short, semiautomatic, and automatic Gaussian Mixture Models have a place in supporting rapid detection of Tuberculosis in resource-limited settings without sacrificing clinical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Huang
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Darr
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Center for Nano/Micro Systems & Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Keshab Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Center for Nano/Micro Systems & Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Shubhra Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Center for Nano/Micro Systems & Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (SB); (SC)
| | - Sangho Bok
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Center for Nano/Micro Systems & Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (SB); (SC)
| | - Sounak Chakraborty
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (SB); (SC)
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Bauman SJ, Darweesh AA, Furr M, Magee M, Argyropoulos C, Herzog JB. Tunable SERS Enhancement via Sub-nanometer Gap Metasurfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15541-15548. [PMID: 35344345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Raman sensing is a powerful technique for detecting chemical signatures, especially when combined with optical enhancement techniques such as using substrates containing plasmonic nanostructures. In this work, we successfully demonstrated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of two analytes adsorbed onto gold nanosphere metasurfaces with tunable subnanometer gap widths. These metasurfaces, which push the bounds of previously studied SERS nanostructure feature sizes, were fabricated with precise control of the intersphere gap width to within 1 nm for gaps close to and below 1 nm. Analyte Raman spectra were measured for samples for a range of gap widths, and the surface-affected signal enhancement was found to increase with decreasing gap width, as expected and corroborated via electromagnetic field modeling. Interestingly, an enhancement quenching effect was observed below gaps of around 1 nm. We believe this to be one of the few studies of gap-width-dependent SERS for the subnanometer range, and the results suggest the potential of such methods as a probe of subnanometer scale effects at the interface between plasmonic nanostructures. With further study, we believe that tunable sub-nanometer gap metasurfaces could be a useful tool for the study of nonlocal and quantum enhancement-quenching effects. This could aid the development of optimized Raman-based sensors for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bauman
- Microelectronics-Photonics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Ahmad A Darweesh
- Microelectronics-Photonics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Miles Furr
- R.B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, United States
| | - Meredith Magee
- R.B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, United States
| | - Christos Argyropoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph B Herzog
- R.B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Chien FC, Lin CY, Abrigo G. Single-Molecule Blinking Fluorescence Enhancement by Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission-Based Substrates for Single-Molecule Localization Imaging. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15401-15411. [PMID: 34730956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) substrates to enhance the blinking fluorescence of spontaneously blinking fluorophores in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) were fabricated to reduce the excitation power density requirement and reveal the distribution of fluorophore-labeled proteins on a plasma membrane with nanoscale-level resolution. The systemic investigation of the contribution of local field enhancement, modified quantum yield, and emission coupling yield through glass coverslip substrates coated with metal layers of different thicknesses revealed that the silver-layer substrate with a thickness of 44 nm produces the highest SPCE fluorescence in spontaneously blinking fluorophores, and it has a highly directional SPCE fluorescence, which helps improve the detection efficiency. Moreover, the uniform and surface-enhanced field created on the substrate surface is beneficial for fluorescence background reduction in single fluorophore detection and localization, as well as for revealing the real position of fluorophores. Consequently, compared with a glass coverslip substrate, the presented SPCE substrate demonstrated a fluorescence enhancement of 480% and an increase in blinking events from a single spontaneously blinking fluorophore; moreover, the required excitation power density for SMLM imaging was significantly reduced to 23 W cm-2 for visualizing the distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) on the basal plasma membrane of A549 lung cancer cells with a localization precision of 19 ± 7 nm. Finally, the fluorophore-labeled EGFRs on the basal plasma membrane in the presence of PIKfyve-specific inhibitor treatment were explored using SPCE-SMLM imaging; the results revealed a distinct reduction in the density of localization events because of a decrease in EGFR abundance at the plasma membranes of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Gerald Abrigo
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Su Q, Jiang C, Gou D, Long Y. Surface Plasmon-Assisted Fluorescence Enhancing and Quenching: From Theory to Application. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4684-4705. [PMID: 35007020 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The integration of surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence yields a multiaspect improvement in surface fluorescence sensing and imaging, leading to a paradigm shift of surface plasmon-assisted fluorescence techniques, for example, surface plasmon enhanced field fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE), and SPCE imaging. This Review aims to characterize the unique optical property with a common physical interpretation and diverse surface architecture-based measurements. The fundamental electromagnetic theory is employed to comprehensively unveil the fluorophore-surface plasmon interaction, and the associated surface-modification design is liberally highlighted to balance the surface plasmon-induced fluorescence-enhancement efforts and the surface plasmon-caused fluorescence-quenching effects. In particular, all types of surface structures, for example, silicon, carbon, protein, DNA, polymer, and multilayer, are systematically interrogated in terms of component, thickness, stiffness, and functionality. As a highly interdisciplinary and expanding field in physics, optics, chemistry, and surface chemistry, this Review could be of great interest to a broad readership, in particular, among physical chemists, analytical chemists, and in surface-based sensing and imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Long
- Clinical Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, 6019 Liuxian Street, Xili Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Zakiyyan N, Darr CM, Chen B, Mathai C, Gangopadhyay K, McFarland J, Gangopadhyay S, Maschmann MR. Surface Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence Temperature Mapping of Aluminum Nanoparticle Heated by Laser. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051585. [PMID: 33668303 PMCID: PMC7956715 DOI: 10.3390/s21051585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Partially aggregated Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye is used as a lights-on temperature sensor to analyze the spatiotemporal heating of aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) embedded within a tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride (THV) fluoropolymer matrix. The embedded Al NPs were photothermally heated using an IR laser, and the fluorescent intensity of the embedded dye was monitored in real time using an optical microscope. A plasmonic grating substrate enhanced the florescence intensity of the dye while increasing the optical resolution and heating rate of Al NPs. The fluorescence intensity was converted to temperature maps via controlled calibration. The experimental temperature profiles were used to determine the Al NP heat generation rate. Partially aggregated R6G dyes, combined with the optical benefits of a plasmonic grating, offered robust temperature sensing with sub-micron spatial resolution and temperature resolution on the order of 0.2 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naadaa Zakiyyan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.Z.); (C.M.D.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Charles M. Darr
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.Z.); (C.M.D.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Biyan Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.Z.); (C.M.D.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Cherian Mathai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.Z.); (C.M.D.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Keshab Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.Z.); (C.M.D.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Jacob McFarland
- J. Mike Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Shubhra Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (N.Z.); (C.M.D.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Matthew R. Maschmann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shukla G, Subramanian A. Self-cleaning structural colors by TiO 2/Ti nanostructures. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:10483-10492. [PMID: 33361982 DOI: 10.1364/ao.404553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors are fascinating due to their stability in comparison with dyes and pigments; nevertheless, environmental pollutants contaminate surfaces and redefine structural colors. To overcome this problem, cleaning of the surface is necessary at regular intervals, which is cumbersome and costly. We have circumvented this issue in this article and fabricated scalable self-cleaning structural colors. The structural colors are generated by TiO2 nanorods and thin films on Ti sputtered glass and flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates employing a glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. Theoretical calculations based on thin film interference validate the experimental results and suggest Al, Ni, Co, and Cu as an alternative of Ti for generating structural colors. Structural colors are transformed to a superhydrophilic state, i.e., a self-cleaning state, via UV exposure and annealing at elevated temperatures. In addition to a self-cleaning state, annealing could control the opaqueness and color tunability of the structural colors. A permanent wettability state in between the superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic states of the structural colors is controlled by the GLAD technique. Moreover, the structural colors are demonstrated for information encryption and optical ethanol sensing applications.
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Chen M, Cao SH, Li YQ. Surface plasmon-coupled emission imaging for biological applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6085-6100. [PMID: 32300846 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging technology has been extensively applied in chemical and biological research profiting from its high sensitivity and specificity. Much attention has been devoted to breaking the light diffraction-limited spatial resolution. However, it remains a great challenge to improve the axial resolution in a way that is accessible in general laboratories. Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE), generated by the interactions between surface plasmons and excited fluorophores in close vicinity of the thin metal film, offers an opportunity for optical imaging with potential application in analysis of molecular and biological systems. Benefiting from the highly directional and distance-dependent properties, SPCE imaging (SPCEi) has displayed excellent performance in bioimaging with improved sensitivity and axial confinement. Herein, we give a brief overview of the development of SPCEi. We describe the unique optical characteristics and constructions of SPCEi systems and highlight recent advances in the use of SPCEi for biological applications. We hope this review provides readers with both the insights and future prospects of SPCEi as a new promising imaging platform for potentially widespread applications in biological research and medical diagnostics. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Shuo-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yao-Qun Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
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11
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Ehtaiba JM, Gordon R. Beaming light through a bow-tie nanoaperture at the tip of a single-mode optical fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:14112-14120. [PMID: 31163864 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.014112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coupling and directivity enhancement of electromagnetic fields emerging from a single metallic nanoaperture at the tip of a single-mode optical fiber. We achieve this by using circular grooves flanking the nanoaperture perforated in a 100 nm thick gold film. The film with nanostructure is transferred to the fiber tip by aligned stripping with optical epoxy. When incident from both sides of the nanoaperture, enhancement factors of 2.2 and 2.4 in power coupling into the fiber and in beaming into free-space were obtained. Numerical simulations show that the optimum grating period is nearly identical to the surface plasmon polariton wavelength that can be supported at the gold-epoxy interface. This integrated platform couples light between the single mode fiber and the nanoapeture without the need for cumbersome optics, with applications for optical trapping and single-photon detection.
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Wood A, Barizuddin S, Darr CM, Mathai CJ, Ball A, Minch K, Somoskovi A, Hamasur B, Connelly JT, Weigl B, Andama A, Cattamanchi A, Gangopadhyay K, Bok S, Gangopadhyay S. Ultrasensitive detection of lipoarabinomannan with plasmonic grating biosensors in clinical samples of HIV negative patients with tuberculosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214161. [PMID: 30913250 PMCID: PMC6435140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely diagnosis of tuberculosis disease is critical for positive patient outcomes, yet potentially millions go undiagnosed or unreported each year. Sputum is widely used as the testing input, but limited by its complexity, heterogeneity, and sourcing problems. Finding methods to interrogate noninvasive, non-sputum clinical specimens is indispensable to improving access to tuberculosis diagnosis and care. In this work, economical plasmonic gratings were used to analyze tuberculosis biomarker lipoarabinomannan (LAM) from clinical urine samples by single molecule fluorescence assay (FLISA) and compared with gold standard sputum GeneXpert MTB/ RIF, culture, and reference ELISA testing results. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this study, twenty sputum and urine sample sets were selected retrospectively from a repository of HIV-negative patient samples collected before initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy. GeneXpert MTB/RIF and culture testing of patient sputum confirmed the presence or absence of pulmonary tuberculosis while all patient urines were reference ELISA LAM-negative. Plasmonic gratings produced by low-cost soft lithography were bound with anti-LAM capture antibody, incubated with patient urine samples, and biotinylated detection antibody. Fluorescently labeled streptavidin revealed single molecule emission by epifluorescence microscope. Using a 1 fg/mL baseline for limit of detection, single molecule FLISA demonstrated good qualitative agreement with gold standard tests on 19 of 20 patients, including accurately predicting the gold-standard-negative patients, while one gold-standard-positive patient produced no observable LAM in urine. CONCLUSIONS Single molecule FLISA by plasmonic grating demonstrated the ability to quantify tuberculosis LAM from complex urine samples of patients from a high endemic setting with negligible interference from the complex media itself. Moreover, agreement with patient diagnoses by gold standard testing suggests that single molecule FLISA could be used as a highly sensitive test to diagnose tuberculosis noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wood
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Syed Barizuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Darr
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cherian J. Mathai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexey Ball
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kyle Minch
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America
| | - Akos Somoskovi
- Intellectual Ventures’ Global Good Fund, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America
| | - Beston Hamasur
- Biopromic AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John T. Connelly
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Weigl
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alfred Andama
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Keshab Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sangho Bok
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shubhra Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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13
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Chen B, Zheng H, Riehn M, Bok S, Gangopadhyay K, McFarland J, Gangopadhyay S, Maschmann MR. Enhanced fluorescence for in situ temperature mapping of photothermally heated aluminum nanoparticles enabled by a plasmonic grating substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:395501. [PMID: 29956679 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ dynamic temperature mapping of photothermally heated aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) embedded in a fluoropolymer (THV) is achieved using fluorescent dye (rhodamine 6G). A plasmonic grating substrate enhances the dye fluorescence intensity by a factor of seven over a glass substrate, to enable image capture rates of 500 frames per second. Further, the fluorescence intensity is linearly related to temperature and reversible. Photothermal heating of embedded Al NPs using a 2380 W cm-2 incident flux produced an Al NP heating rate of 1.2 × 104 °C s-1. Localized Al NP motion was also observed and attributed to thermal expansion and melting of the polymer. Multiphysics simulation provided agreement with experimental observations, bolstering confidence in the technique. The plasmonic grating platforms were shown to significantly improve both fluorescence intensity and the photothermal heating of Al compared to glass substrates, opening a new path for fast and high-resolution in situ temperature mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, United States of America
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14
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López-Muñoz GA, Estévez MC, Vázquez-García M, Berenguel-Alonso M, Alonso-Chamarro J, Homs-Corbera A, Lechuga LM. Gold/silver/gold trilayer films on nanostructured polycarbonate substrates for direct and label-free nanoplasmonic biosensing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800043. [PMID: 29717543 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmooth gold/silver/gold trilayer nanostructured plasmonic sensors were obtained using commercial Blu-ray optical discs as nanoslits-based flexible polymer substrates. A thin gold film was used as an adhesion and nucleation layer to improve the chemical stability and reduce the surface roughness of the overlying silver film, without increasing ohmic plasmon losses. The structures were physically and optically characterized and compared with nanostructures of single gold layer. Ultrasmooth and chemically stable trilayer nanostructures with a surface roughness <0.5 nm were obtained following a simple and reproducible fabrication process. They showed a figure of merit (FOM) value up to 69.2 RIU-1 which is significantly higher (more than 95%) than the gold monolayer counterpart. Their potential for biosensing was demonstrated by employing the trilayer sensor for the direct and refractometric (label-free) detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) biomarker in undiluted urine achieving a Limit of Detection (LOD) in the pM order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A López-Muñoz
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M-Carmen Estévez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vázquez-García
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Berenguel-Alonso
- Sensors & Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julián Alonso-Chamarro
- Sensors & Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Homs-Corbera
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Chen B, Zheng H, Riehn M, Bok S, Gangopadhyay K, Maschmann MR, Gangopadhyay S. In Situ Characterization of Photothermal Nanoenergetic Combustion on a Plasmonic Microchip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:427-436. [PMID: 29210564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gratings facilitate a robust in situ diagnostic platform for photothermal combustion of nanoenergetic composite thin films using an optical microscope and a high-speed camera. Aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) embedded in a fluoropolymer oxidizer are cast onto a plasmonic grating microchip and ignited using a low-power laser. The plasmonic grating enhances both spatial resolution and sufficient photothermal coupling to combust small Al NP clusters, initiating localized flames as small as 600 nm in size. Two-color pyrometry obtained from a high-speed color camera indicates an average flame temperature of 3900 K. Scattering measurements using polarized light microscopy enabled precise identification of individual Al NPs over a large field of view, leading to 3D reconstruction of combustion events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangho Bok
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Southern Utah University , Cedar City, Utah 84720, United States
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16
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Ahn H, Song H, Choi JR, Kim K. A Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using Double-Metal-Complex Nanostructures and a Review of Recent Approaches. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 18:E98. [PMID: 29301238 PMCID: PMC5795798 DOI: 10.3390/s18010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From active developments and applications of various devices to acquire outside and inside information and to operate based on feedback from that information, the sensor market is growing rapidly. In accordance to this trend, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor, an optical sensor, has been actively developed for high-sensitivity real-time detection. In this study, the fundamentals of SPR sensors and recent approaches for enhancing sensing performance are reported. In the section on the fundamentals of SPR sensors, a brief description of surface plasmon phenomena, SPR, SPR-based sensing applications, and several configuration types of SPR sensors are introduced. In addition, advanced nanotechnology- and nanofabrication-based techniques for improving the sensing performance of SPR sensors are proposed: (1) localized SPR (LSPR) using nanostructures or nanoparticles; (2) long-range SPR (LRSPR); and (3) double-metal-layer SPR sensors for additional performance improvements. Consequently, a high-sensitivity, high-biocompatibility SPR sensor method is suggested. Moreover, we briefly describe issues (miniaturization and communication technology integration) for future SPR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesang Ahn
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyerin Song
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jong-Ryul Choi
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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17
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Substrate Oxide Layer Thickness Optimization for a Dual-Width Plasmonic Grating for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Biosensor Applications. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071530. [PMID: 28665308 PMCID: PMC5539500 DOI: 10.3390/s17071530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates a new design for a plasmonic SERS biosensor via computational electromagnetic models. It utilizes a dual-width plasmonic grating design, which has two different metallic widths per grating period. These types of plasmonic gratings have shown larger optical enhancement than standard single-width gratings. The new structures have additional increased enhancement when the spacing between the metal decreases to sub-10 nm dimensions. This work integrates an oxide layer to improve the enhancement even further by carefully studying the effects of the substrate oxide thickness on the enhancement and reports ideal substrate parameters. The combined effects of varying the substrate and the grating geometry are studied to fully optimize the device’s enhancement for SERS biosensing and other plasmonic applications. The work reports the ideal widths and substrate thickness for both a standard and a dual-width plasmonic grating SERS biosensor. The ideal geometry, comprising a dual-width grating structure atop an optimal SiO2 layer thickness, improves the enhancement by 800%, as compared to non-optimized structures with a single-width grating and a non-optimal oxide thickness.
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18
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Wood A, Mathai CJ, Gangopadhyay K, Grant S, Gangopadhyay S. Single-Molecule Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission with Plasmonic Gratings. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2041-2045. [PMID: 31457558 PMCID: PMC6641069 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to image single molecules (SM) has been the dream of scientists for centuries, and because of the substantial recent advances in microscopy, individual fluorescent molecules can now be observed on a regular basis. However, the development of such imaging systems was not without dilemmas, such as the detection and separation of individual fluorescence emissions. One method to solve this problem utilized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to enhance the emission intensity of SMs. Although enhancing the SM emission intensity has yielded promising results, this method does not fully utilize the unique plasmonic properties that could vastly improve the SM imaging capabilities. Here, we use SPR excitation as well as surface plasmon-coupled emission from a high-definition digital versatile disc grating structure to image and identify different fluorophores using the angular emission of individual molecules. Our results have important implications for research in multiplexed SM spectroscopy and SM fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wood
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Missouri, 254 Agricultural Engineering, 65211-5200 Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Cherian J. Mathai
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of Missouri, 201 Naka Hall, 65211-5200 Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Keshab Gangopadhyay
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of Missouri, 201 Naka Hall, 65211-5200 Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Sheila Grant
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Missouri, 254 Agricultural Engineering, 65211-5200 Columbia, Missouri, United States
- E-mail: (S.G.)
| | - Shubhra Gangopadhyay
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of Missouri, 201 Naka Hall, 65211-5200 Columbia, Missouri, United States
- E-mail: (S.G.)
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19
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Basuray S, Pathak A, Bok S, Chen B, Hamm SC, Mathai CJ, Guha S, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S. Plasmonic nano-protrusions: hierarchical nanostructures for single-molecule Raman spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:025302. [PMID: 27905323 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/28/2/025302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Classical methods for enhancing the electromagnetic field from substrates for spectroscopic applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), have involved the generation of hotspots through directed self-assembly of nanoparticles or by patterning nanoscale features using expensive nanolithography techniques. A novel large-area, cost-effective soft lithographic technique involving glancing angle deposition (GLAD) of silver on polymer gratings is reported here. This method produces hierarchical nanostructures with high enhancement factors capable of analyzing single-molecule SERS. The uniform ordered and patterned nanostructures provide extraordinary field enhancements that serve as excitatory hotspots and are herein interrogated by SERS. The high spatial homogeneity of the Raman signal and signal enhancement over a large area from a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 2-naphthalenethiol demonstrated the uniformity of the hotspots. The enhancement was shown to have a critical dependence on the underlying nanostructure via the surface energy landscape and GLAD angles for a fixed deposition thickness, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy surface analysis of the substrate. The nanostructured surface leads to an extremely concentrated electromagnetic field at sharp nanoscale peaks, here referred to as 'nano-protrusions', due to the coupling of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with localized SPR. These nano-protrusions act as hotspots which provide Raman enhancement factors as high as 108 over a comparable SAM on silver. Comparison of our substrate with the commercial substrate Klarite™ shows higher signal enhancement and minimal signal variation with hotspot spatial distribution. By using the proper plasmon resonance angle corresponding to the laser source wavelength, further enhancement in signal intensity can be achieved. Single-molecule Raman spectra for rhodamine 6G are obtained from the best SERS substrate (a GLAD angle of 60°). The single-molecule spectrum is invariant over the substrate, due to the patterned ordered nanostructures (nano-protrusions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Basuray
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 349 Engineering Building West, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tiernan Hall, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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