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Jackson N, Hill I, Alhussan A, Bromma K, Morgan J, Abousaida B, Zahra Y, Mackeyev Y, Beckham W, Herchko S, Krishnan S, Chithrani DB. Dual enhancement in the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer through nanoparticles and chemotherapeutics. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023; 14:75. [PMID: 37781236 PMCID: PMC10539438 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential component in the treatment regimens for many cancer patients. However, the dose escalation required to improve curative results is hindered due to the normal tissue toxicity that is induced. The introduction of radiosensitizers to RT treatment is an avenue that is currently being explored to overcome this issue. By introducing radiosensitizers into tumor sites, it is possible to preferentially enhance the local dose deposited. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are a potential candidate that have shown great promise in increasing the radiosensitivity of cancer cells through an enhancement in DNA damage. Furthermore, docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that arrests cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, the phase most sensitive to radiation damage. We hypothesized that by incorporating DTX to GNP-enhanced radiotherapy treatment, we could further improve the radiosensitization experienced by cancer cells. To assess this strategy, we analyzed the radiotherapeutic effects on monolayer cell cultures in vitro, as well as on a mice prostate xenograft model in vivo while using clinically feasible concentrations for both GNPs and DTX. Results The introduction of DTX to GNP-enhanced radiotherapy further increased the radiotherapeutic effects experienced by cancer cells. A 38% increase in DNA double-strand breaks was observed with the combination of GNP/DTX vs GNP alone after a dose of 2 Gy was administered. In vivo results displayed significant reduction in tumor growth over a 30-day observation period with the treatment of GNP/DTX/RT when compared to GNP/RT after a single 5 Gy dose was given to mice. The treatment strategy also resulted in 100% mice survival, which was not observed for other treatment conditions. Conclusions Incorporating DTX to work in unison with GNPs and RT can increase the efficacy of RT treatment. Our study suggests that the treatment strategy could improve tumor control through local dose enhancement. As the concentrations used in this study are clinically feasible, there is potential for this strategy to be translated into clinical settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12645-023-00228-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Jackson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Iona Hill
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Abdulaziz Alhussan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Jessica Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Belal Abousaida
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yasmin Zahra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Steven Herchko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Devika Basnagge Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7 Canada
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Repurposing Antimalarial Pyronaridine as a DNA Repair Inhibitor to Exploit the Full Potential of Gold-Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiation Response. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122795. [PMID: 36559288 PMCID: PMC9783290 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used to locally treat tumors. One of the major issues in RT is normal tissue toxicity; thus, it is necessary to limit dose escalation for enhanced local control in patients that have locally advanced tumors. Integrating radiosensitizing agents such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into RT has been shown to greatly increase the cure rate of solid tumors. The objective of this study was to explore the repurposing of an antimalarial drug, pyronaridine (PYD), as a DNA repair inhibitor to further enhance RT/GNP-induced DNA damage in cancerous cell lines. We were able to achieve inhibitory effects of DNA repair due to PYD at 500 nM concentration. Our results show a significant enhancement in DNA double-strand breaks of 42% in HeLa cells treated with PYD/GNP/RT in comparison to GNP/RT alone when irradiated with a dose of 2 Gy. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in cellular proliferation for both HeLa and HCT-116 irradiated cells with the combined treatment of PYD/GNP/RT. Therefore, the emergence of promising novel concepts introduced in this study could lay the foundation for the transition of this treatment modality into clinical environments.
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Bromma K, Dos Santos N, Barta I, Alexander A, Beckham W, Krishnan S, Chithrani DB. Enhancing nanoparticle accumulation in two dimensional, three dimensional, and xenograft mouse cancer cell models in the presence of docetaxel. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13508. [PMID: 35931743 PMCID: PMC9356051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials show docetaxel (DTX), given in conjunction with radiation therapy (RT) and androgen suppression, improves survival in high-risk prostate cancer. Addition of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to this current DTX/RT protocol is expected to further improve therapeutic benefits remarkably. However, the foundation for the triple combination of RT, DTX, and GNPs must be elucidated to ensure quicker facilitation to the clinic. In this study, we explored the use of low concentrations of DTX combined with GNPs in two prostate cancer cell lines in a two-dimensional monolayer, a three-dimensional spheroid, and a mouse xenograft model. When used together, DTX and GNPs induced a nearly identical relative increase in uptake of gold in both the spheroid model and the mouse xenograft, which saw a 130% and 126% increase respectively after 24 h, showcasing the benefit of using spheroids as an in vitro model to better optimize in vivo experiments. Further, the benefits of using low concentrations of DTX combined with GNPs extended for over 72 h, allowing for less frequency in dosing when translating to the clinic. Overall, these results highlight the benefits of using DTX combined with GNPs and lays the groundwork for the translation of the triple combination of RT, GNPs, and DTX to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Nancy Dos Santos
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ingrid Barta
- Animal Care Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Abraham Alexander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Devika B Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- British Columbia Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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Alhussan A, Palmerley N, Smazynski J, Karasinska J, Renouf DJ, Schaeffer DF, Beckham W, Alexander AS, Chithrani DB. Potential of Gold Nanoparticle in Current Radiotherapy Using a Co-Culture Model of Cancer Cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblast Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153586. [PMID: 35892845 PMCID: PMC9332249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many cancer therapeutics do not account for the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which may result in failure when applied clinically. In this paper we utilized a simple tumor model made of two types of pancreatic cancer cells that contribute to the tumor environment, i.e., cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts. Herein, radiotherapy along with radiosensitizing gold nanoparticles were used to test the efficacy of a co-culture vs. monoculture model. The results show that the co-culture model exhibited heightened resistance to radiation. Furthermore, we found that the combination of gold radiosensitizers with radiotherapy reduced the radioresistance of the co-culture model compared to radiotherapy alone. This study demonstrates the potential of using nanotherapeutics in targeting the complex tumor microenvironment. Abstract Many cancer therapeutics are tested in vitro using only tumour cells. However, the tumour promoting effect of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumour microenvironment (TME) is thought to reduce cancer therapeutics’ efficacy. We have chosen pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as our tumor model. Our goal is to create a co-culture of CAFs and tumour cells to model the interaction between cancer and stromal cells in the TME and allow for better testing of therapeutic combinations. To test the proposed co-culture model, a gold nanoparticle (GNP) mediated-radiation response was used. Cells were grown in co-culture with different ratios of CAFs to cancer cells. MIA PaCa-2 was used as our PDAC cancer cell line. Co-cultured cells were treated with 2 Gy of radiation following GNP incubation. DNA damage and cell proliferation were examined to assess the combined effect of radiation and GNPs. Cancer cells in co-culture exhibited up to a 23% decrease in DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and up to a 35% increase in proliferation compared to monocultures. GNP/Radiotherapy (RT) induced up to a 25% increase in DNA DSBs and up to a 15% decrease in proliferation compared to RT alone in both monocultured and co-cultured cells. The observed resistance in the co-culture system may be attributed to the role of CAFs in supporting cancer cells. Moreover, we were able to reduce the activity of CAFs using GNPs during radiation treatment. Indeed, CAFs internalize a significantly higher number of GNPs, which may have led to the reduction in their activity. One reason experimental therapeutics fail in clinical trials relates to limitations in the pre-clinical models that lack a true representation of the TME. We have demonstrated a co-culture platform to test GNP/RT in a clinically relevant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhussan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Nicholas Palmerley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Julian Smazynski
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Joanna Karasinska
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; (J.K.); (D.J.R.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Renouf
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; (J.K.); (D.J.R.); (D.F.S.)
| | - David F. Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; (J.K.); (D.J.R.); (D.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Abraham S. Alexander
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Nanotechnology Driven Cancer Chemoradiation: Exploiting the Full Potential of Radiotherapy with a Unique Combination of Gold Nanoparticles and Bleomycin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020233. [PMID: 35213967 PMCID: PMC8875790 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major issues in current radiotherapy (RT) is the associated normal tissue toxicity. Enhancement of the RT effect with novel radiosensitizers can address this need. In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and bleomycin (BLM) were used as a unique combination of radiosensitizers. GNPs offer a two-fold promise as a delivery vehicle for BLM and as a radiosensitizing agent. In this study, GNPs were functionalized and complexed with BLM using a gold-thiol bond (denoted GNP-BLM). Our results show that there was a 40% and 10% decrease in cell growth with GNP-BLM vs. free BLM for the MIA PaCa-2 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. Testing the GNP-BLM platform with RT showed an 84% and 13% reduction in cell growth in MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with GNP-BLM and GNPs, respectively. Similar results were seen with PC-3 cells. The efficacy of this approach was verified by mapping DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as well. Therefore, this proposed incorporation of nanomedicine with RT is promising in achieving a significantly higher therapeutic ratio which is necessary to make a paradigm change to the current clinical approach.
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Alhussan A, Bromma K, Perez MM, Beckham W, Alexander AS, Howard PL, Chithrani DB. Docetaxel-Mediated Uptake and Retention of Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Cells and in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133157. [PMID: 34202574 PMCID: PMC8269007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most commonly used options, in addition to surgery, to treat cancer. There has been tremendous progress in interfacing nanotechnology to current cancer therapeutic protocols. For example, nanoparticles are used as drug carriers in chemotherapy and as radiation dose enhancers in radiotherapy. However, most of the work to date has been focused on tumor cells. To make significant progress in this field, we need to consider the tumor microenvironment, especially cancer-associated fibroblast cells that promote tumor growth. Our study shows the potential of targeting both tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts to reap the full benefits of cancer nanomedicine. Abstract Due to recent advances in nanotechnology, the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer therapy has become a leading area in cancer research. Despite the importance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in creating an optimal niche for tumor cells to grow extensively, most of the work has been focused on tumor cells. Therefore, to effectively use NPs for therapeutic purposes, it is important to elucidate the extent of NP uptake and retention in tumor cells and CAFs. Three tumor cell lines and three CAF cell lines were studied using gold NPs (GNPs) as a model NP system. We found a seven-fold increase in NP uptake in CAFs compared to tumor cells. The retention percentage of NPs was three-fold higher in tumor cells as compared to CAFs. Furthermore, NP uptake and retention were significantly enhanced using a 50 nM concentration of docetaxel (DTX). NP uptake was improved by a factor of three in tumor cells and a factor of two in CAFs, while the retention of NPs was two-fold higher in tumor cells compared to CAFs, 72 h post-treatment with DTX. However, the quantity of NPs in CAFs was still three-fold higher compared to tumor cells. Our quantitative data were supported by qualitative imaging data. We believe that targeting of NPs in the presence of DTX is a very promising approach to accumulate a higher percentage of NPs and maintain a longer retention in both tumor cells and CAFs for achieving the full therapeutic potential of cancer nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhussan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (K.B.); (W.B.)
| | - Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (K.B.); (W.B.)
| | - Monica Mesa Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (M.M.P.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (K.B.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Abraham S Alexander
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Perry L Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (M.M.P.); (P.L.H.)
| | - Devika B Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (K.B.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Jian M, Sun Y, Zhu Q, Wang Z. The Peptide Functionalized Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer-Related Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3228. [PMID: 34072160 PMCID: PMC8198790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve their bioapplications, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are usually functionalized with specific biomolecules. Peptides with short amino acid sequences have attracted great attention in the NP functionalization since they are easy to be synthesized on a large scale by the automatic synthesizer and can integrate various functionalities including specific biorecognition and therapeutic function into one sequence. Conjugation of peptides with NPs can generate novel theranostic/drug delivery nanosystems with active tumor targeting ability and efficient nanosensing platforms for sensitive detection of various analytes, such as heavy metallic ions and biomarkers. Massive studies demonstrate that applications of the peptide-NP bioconjugates can help to achieve the precise diagnosis and therapy of diseases. In particular, the peptide-NP bioconjugates show tremendous potential for development of effective anti-tumor nanomedicines. This review provides an overview of the effects of properties of peptide functionalized NPs on precise diagnostics and therapy of cancers through summarizing the recent publications on the applications of peptide-NP bioconjugates for biomarkers (antigens and enzymes) and carcinogens (e.g., heavy metallic ions) detection, drug delivery, and imaging-guided therapy. The current challenges and future prospects of the subject are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.); (Y.S.)
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Minghong Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.); (Y.S.)
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.); (Y.S.)
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qunyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.); (Y.S.)
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Investigation of Nano-Bio Interactions within a Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment for the Advancement of Nanomedicine in Cancer Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1962-1979. [PMID: 34073974 PMCID: PMC8161808 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer, with a five-year survival rate of only 10%. Nanotechnology offers a novel perspective to treat such deadly cancers through their incorporation into radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with cancer cells and with other major cell types within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME) is yet to be understood. Therefore, our goal is to shed light on the dynamics of NPs within a TME of pancreatic origin. In addition to cancer cells, normal fibroblasts (NFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were examined in this study due to their important yet opposite roles of suppressing tumor growth and promoting tumor growth, respectively. Gold nanoparticles were used as the model NP system due to their biocompatibility and physical and chemical proprieties, and their dynamics were studied both quantitatively and qualitatively in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro studies revealed that both cancer cells and CAFs take up 50% more NPs compared to NFs. Most importantly, they all managed to retain 70–80% of NPs over a 24-h time period. Uptake and retention of NPs within an in vivo environment was also consistent with in vitro results. This study shows the paradigm-changing potential of NPs to combat the disease.
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Combining Gold Nanoparticles with Other Radiosensitizing Agents for Unlocking the Full Potential of Cancer Radiotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040442. [PMID: 33805917 PMCID: PMC8064393 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
About half of cancer patients (50%) receive radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of local tumors. However, one of the main obstacles in RT is the close proximity of adjacent organs at risk, resulting in treatment doses being limited by significant tissue toxicity, hence preventing the necessary dose escalation that would guarantee local control. Effective local cancer therapy is needed to avoid progression of tumors and to decrease the development of systemic metastases which may further increase the possibility of resection. In an effort to do so, radiosensitizing agents are introduced to further increase damage to the tumor while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. Cisplatin and docetaxel (DTX) are currently being used as radiation dose enhancers in RT. Recent research shows the potential of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a radiosensitizing agent. GNPs are biocompatible and have been tested in phase I clinical trials. The focus will be on exploring the effects of adding other radiosensitizing agents such as DTX and cisplatin to the GNP-RT platform. Therefore, a combined use of local radiosensitizing agents, such as GNPs, with currently available radiosensitizing drugs could make a significant impact in future RT. The ultimate goal is to develop treatments that have limited or nonexistent side effects to improve the quality of life of all cancer patients.
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Bromma K, Alhussan A, Perez MM, Howard P, Beckham W, Chithrani DB. Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids as a Tool for Reliable Investigation of Combined Gold Nanoparticle and Docetaxel Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1465. [PMID: 33806801 PMCID: PMC8004664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the gold standard for treating patients with cancer in the clinic but, despite modern advances, are limited by normal tissue toxicity. The use of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), to improve radiosensitivity and act as drug delivery systems can mitigate toxicity while increasing deposited tumor dose. To expedite a quicker clinical translation, three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid models that can better approximate the tumor environment compared to a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer model have been used. We tested the uptake of 15 nm GNPs and 50 nm GNPs on a monolayer and on spheroids of two cancer cell lines, CAL-27 and HeLa, to evaluate the differences between a 2D and 3D model in similar conditions. The anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) which can act as a radiosensitizer, was also utilized, informing future potential of GNP-mediated combined therapeutics. In the 2D monolayer model, the addition of DTX induced a small, non-significant increase of uptake of GNPs of between 13% and 24%, while in the 3D spheroid model, DTX increased uptake by between 47% and 186%, with CAL-27 having a much larger increase relative to HeLa. Further, the depth of penetration of 15 nm GNPs over 50 nm GNPs increased by 33% for CAL-27 spheroids and 17% for HeLa spheroids. These results highlight the necessity to optimize GNP treatment conditions in a more realistic tumor-life environment. A 3D spheroid model can capture important details, such as different packing densities from different cancer cell lines, which are absent from a simple 2D monolayer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (K.B.); (A.A.); (W.B.)
| | - Abdulaziz Alhussan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (K.B.); (A.A.); (W.B.)
| | - Monica Mesa Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (M.M.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Perry Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (M.M.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (K.B.); (A.A.); (W.B.)
- British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (K.B.); (A.A.); (W.B.)
- British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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11
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Liu Q, Shi Y, Chong Y, Ge C. Pharmacological Ascorbate Promotes the Tumor Radiosensitization of Au@Pd Nanoparticles with Simultaneous Protection of Normal Tissues. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1843-1851. [PMID: 35014530 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoradiosensitizers containing high-Z elements hold great potential in radiotherapy owing to the increasing energy deposition effect on X-ray irradiation. However, their potential clinical application is limited by the irradiation damage in nontarget tissues surrounding the tumor site, as well as the safety concerns for nanomaterials. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological ascorbate displays a synergistic radiosensitizing effect in combination with nanoradiosensitizers. By engineering the Au@Pd core-shell nanostructures and precisely regulating their shell thickness, the obtained Au@Pd nanomaterials exhibit excellent ascorbate oxidase-like activity. Along with the accelerating generation of H2O2, pharmacological ascorbate significantly enhances the radiosensitizing effect of Au@Pd-PEG nanoparticles on both cancer cells and solid tumor. Interestingly, pharmacological ascorbate effectively protects normal tissues from X-ray-induced injury. The present work demonstrates that pharmacological ascorbate is an ideal agent for selectively improving the radiosensitizing effect of nanomaterials, providing a promising strategy to facilitate the clinical translation of nanoradiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cuicui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091671. [PMID: 32858957 PMCID: PMC7557687 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
According to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to treat cancer patients. The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to further improve chemotherapy through controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, while local radiotherapy dose can be enhanced by targeting the GNPs to the tumor. There have been over 20 nanotechnology-based therapeutic products approved for clinical use in the past two decades. Hence, the goal of this review is to understand what we have achieved so far and what else we can do to accelerate clinical use of GNP-based therapeutic platforms to minimize normal tissue toxicity while increasing the efficacy of the treatment. Nanomedicine will revolutionize future cancer treatment options and our ultimate goal should be to develop treatments that have minimum side effects, for improving the quality of life of all cancer patients.
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Bromma K, Bannister A, Kowalewski A, Cicon L, Chithrani DB. Elucidating the fate of nanoparticles among key cell components of the tumor microenvironment for promoting cancer nanotechnology. Cancer Nanotechnol 2020; 11:8. [PMID: 32849921 PMCID: PMC7437649 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-020-00064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful integration of nanotechnology into the current paradigm of cancer therapy requires proper understanding of the interface between nanoparticles (NPs) and cancer cells, as well as other key components within the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as normal fibroblasts (FBs) and cancer-associated FBs (CAFs). So far, much focus has been on cancer cells, but FBs and CAFs also play a critical role: FBs suppress the tumor growth while CAFs promote it. It is not yet known how NPs interact with FBs and CAFs compared to cancer cells. Hence, our goal was to elucidate the extent of NP uptake, retention, and toxicity in cancer cells, FBs, and CAFs to further understand the fate of NPs in a real tumor-like environment. The outcome of this would guide designing of NP-based delivery systems to fully exploit the TME for a better therapeutic outcome. We used gold nanoparticles as our model NP system due to their numerous applications in cancer therapy, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A cervical cancer cell line, HeLa, and a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 were chosen as cancer cell lines. For this study, a clinically feasible 0.2 nM concentration of GNPs was employed. According to our results, the cancer cells and CAFs had over 25- and 10-fold higher NP uptake per unit cell volume compared to FBs, respectively. Further, the cancer cells and CAFs had over 30% higher NP retention compared to FBs. There was no observed significant toxicity due to GNPs in all the cell lines studied. Higher uptake and retention of NPs in cancer cells and CAFs vs FBs is very important in promoting NP-based applications in cancer therapy. Our results show potential in modulating uptake and retention of GNPs among key components of TME, in an effort to develop NP-based strategies to suppress the tumor growth. An ideal NP-based platform would eradicate tumor cells, protect FBs, and deactivate CAFs. Therefore, this study lays a road map to exploit the TME for the advancement of "smart" nanomedicines that would constitute the next generation of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Aaron Bannister
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | | | - Leah Cicon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), Victoria, BC Canada
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
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Gold nanoparticle mediated radiation response among key cell components of the tumour microenvironment for the advancement of cancer nanotechnology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12096. [PMID: 32694592 PMCID: PMC7374632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major issues in cancer radiotherapy (RT) is normal tissue toxicity. Introduction of radiosensitizers like gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into cancer cells to enhance the local RT dose has been tested successfully. However, it is not known how GNPs interact with other stromal cells such as normal fibroblasts (FBs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumour microenvironment. It is known that FBs turn into CAFs to promote tumour growth. Hence, we used FBs and CAFs along with HeLa (our cancer cell line) to evaluate the differences in GNP uptake and resulting radiation induced damage to elucidate the GNP-mediated therapeutic effect in RT. The CAFs had the largest uptake of the GNPs per cell, with on average 265% relative to HeLa while FBs had only 7.55% the uptake of HeLa and 2.87% the uptake of CAFs. This translated to increases in 53BP1-related DNA damage foci in CAFs (13.5%) and HeLa (9.8%) compared to FBs (8.8%) with RT treatment. This difference in DNA damage due to selective targeting of cancer associated cells over normal cells may allow GNPs to be an effective tool in future cancer RT to battle normal tissue toxicity while improving local RT dose to the tumour.
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Modulation of the Microtubule Network for Optimization of Nanoparticle Dynamics for the Advancement of Cancer Nanomedicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020056. [PMID: 32545909 PMCID: PMC7355834 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promise in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. NPs are mainly transported along cellular microtubules (MTs). Docetaxel (DTX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug that can manipulate the cellular MT network to maximize its clinical benefit. However, the effect of DTX on NP behaviour has not yet been fully elucidated. We used gold NPs of diameters 15 and 50 nm at a concentration of 0.2 nM to investigate the size dependence of NP behaviour. Meanwhile, DTX concentrations of 0, 10 and 50 nM were used to uphold clinical relevance. Our study reveals that a concentration of 50 nM DTX increased NP uptake by ~50% and their retention by ~90% compared to cells treated with 0 and 10 nM DTX. Smaller NPs had a 20-fold higher uptake in cells treated with 50 nM DTX vs. 0 and 10 nM DTX. With the treatment of 50 nm DTX, the cells became more spherical in shape, and NPs were redistributed closer to the nucleus. A significant increase in NP uptake and retention along with their intracellular distribution closer to the nucleus with 50 nM DTX could be exploited to target a higher dose to the most important target, the nucleus in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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16
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Rieck K, Bromma K, Sung W, Bannister A, Schuemann J, Chithrani DB. Modulation of gold nanoparticle mediated radiation dose enhancement through synchronization of breast tumor cell population. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190283. [PMID: 31219711 PMCID: PMC6724617 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incorporation of high atomic number materials such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into tumor cells is being tested to enhance the local radiotherapy (RT) dose. It is also known that the radiosensitivity of tumor cells depends on the phase of their cell cycle. Triple combination of GNPs, phase of tumor cell population, and RT for improved outcomes in cancer treatment. METHODS We used a double-thymidine block method for synchronization of the tumor cell population. GNPs of diameters 17 and 46 nm were used to capture the size dependent effects. A radiation dose of 2 Gy with 6 MV linear accelerator was used to assess the efficacy of this proposed combined treatment. A triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 was chosen as the model cell line. Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were done to predict the GNP-mediated cell death using the experimental GNP uptake data. RESULTS There was a 1.5- and 2- fold increase in uptake of 17 and 46 nm GNPs in the synchronized cell population, respectively. A radiation dose of 2 Gy with clinically relevant 6 MV photons resulted in a 62 and 38 % enhancement in cell death in the synchronized cell population with the incorporation of 17 and 46 nm GNPs, respectively. MC data supported the experimental data, but to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION A triple combination of GNPs, cell cycle synchronization, and RT could pave the way to enhance the local radiation dose while minimizing side effects to the surrounding healthy tissue. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first study to show that the combined use of GNPs, phase of tumor cell population, and RT could enhance tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Rieck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Wonmo Sung
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Bannister
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Bromma K, Rieck K, Kulkarni J, O’Sullivan C, Sung W, Cullis P, Schuemann J, Chithrani DB. Use of a lipid nanoparticle system as a Trojan horse in delivery of gold nanoparticles to human breast cancer cells for improved outcomes in radiation therapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-019-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Akhatova F, Danilushkina A, Kuku G, Saricam M, Culha M, Fakhrullin R. Simultaneous Intracellular Detection of Plasmonic and Non-Plasmonic Nanoparticles Using Dark-Field Hyperspectral Microscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farida Akhatova
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Danilushkina
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Gamze Kuku
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Melike Saricam
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Culha
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation
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Sahiner N, Sagbas S, Sahiner M, Blake DA, Reed WF. Polydopamine particles as nontoxic, blood compatible, antioxidant and drug delivery materials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:618-626. [PMID: 30223244 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the potential biomedical application of poly(3,4-dihyroxyphenyl)ethylamine, (poly(dopamine)-p(DA)) particles is reported. P(DA) particles with the size about 100 nm, 18.05 m2/g specific surface area, and mesoporous structure (7.19 nm pore width) were prepared and shown to be chemically modifiable using chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and 3-CHloro-2 hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride solution (CHPACl) to obtain sulfonic acid and quaternary amine group containing modified p(DA) particles, m-p(DA)-CSA and m-p(DA)-CHPACl particles, respectively. The hydrolytic degradation of p(DA) particles at different pHs, including 1, 7.4 and 11, was carried out at 37.5 °C. These degradation studies revealed that p(DA) is slightly degradable at pH 1 and pH 7.4 with weight losses of 13.01 ± 0.08% and 7.26 ± 0.23% in 11 days, respectively. At pH 11, a sustained degradation that is almost linear degradation with time was observed for up to 30 days, with a total weight loss of 21.42 ± 0.88%. Furthermore, p(DA) particles were tested for cell toxicity against COS-1 cells and found non-toxic up to 50 μg/mL with 95.6 ± 4.5% cell viability as compared to 37.5 ± 0.03% for DA molecules. The p(DA) particles and DA were also compared for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase; both inhibited α-glucosidase inhibition activity a concentration-dependent fashion: at concentrations of 500-4000 μg/mL, p(DA) provided 8.52-27.67% inhibition while DA inhibited 42.8-67.7% over the same concentration range. Furthermore, p(DA) particles were found to be blood compatible e.g., non-hemolytic with 1.87 ± 0.97% hemolysis ratio up to 50 μg/mL concentration and with 86.7% blood clotting index. Interestingly, p(DA) particle can be considered as an effective antioxidant with 33.5 ± 3.9 μg/ mL total phenol content in terms of gallic acid equivalency and 0.89 ± 0. 30 μmol/g trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Finally, p(DA) particles and their modified forms, m-p(DA)-CSA, and m-p(DA)-CHPACl, were shown to be useful as active agent/drug delivery devices by using acyclovir as a model drug that can be readily loaded into particles and released at longer times at higher amounts for the modified p(DA) particles at physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering Tulane University, 2001 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Arts, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Selin Sagbas
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Arts, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Fashion Design, Canakkale Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Diane A Blake
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Wayne F Reed
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering Tulane University, 2001 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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Maggi V, Bianchini F, Portioli E, Peppicelli S, Lulli M, Bani D, Del Sole R, Zanardi F, Sartori A, Fiammengo R. Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with RGD‐Semipeptides: A Simple yet Highly Effective Targeting System for αVβ3Integrins. Chemistry 2018; 24:12093-12100. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Maggi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLeIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Barsanti 73010 Arnesano Lecce Italy
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Via per Monteroni Km 1 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Elisabetta Portioli
- Food and Drug DepartmentUniversity of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Roberta Del Sole
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Via per Monteroni Km 1 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Food and Drug DepartmentUniversity of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Food and Drug DepartmentUniversity of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Roberto Fiammengo
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLeIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Barsanti 73010 Arnesano Lecce Italy
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21
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Zhu S, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Harnessing Tumor Microenvironment for Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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22
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Yang C, Bromma K, Chithrani D. Peptide Mediated In Vivo Tumor Targeting of Nanoparticles through Optimization in Single and Multilayer In Vitro Cell Models. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030084. [PMID: 29558451 PMCID: PMC5876659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the interface between nanoparticles (NPs) and the biological environment at various levels should be considered for improving delivery of NPs to the target tumor area. For NPs to be successfully delivered to cancer cells, NPs needs to be functionalized for circulation through the blood vessels. In this study, accumulation of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was first tested using in vitro monolayer cells and multilayer cell models prior to in vivo models. A diameter of 10 nm sized GNP was selected for this study for sufficient penetration through tumor tissue. The surfaces of the GNPs were modified with PEG molecules, to improve circulation time by reducing non-specific uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in animal models, and with a peptide containing integrin binding domain, RGD (arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid), to improve internalization at the cellular level. A 10-12% accumulation of the injected GNP dose within the tumor was observed in vivo and the GNPs remained within the tumor tissue up to 72 h. This study suggests an in vitro platform for optimizing the accumulation of NP complexes in cells and tissue structures before testing them in animal models. Higher accumulation within the tumor in vivo upon surface modification is a promising outcome for future applications where GNPs can be used for drug delivery and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Yang
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Kyle Bromma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Devika Chithrani
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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23
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Song G, Cheng L, Chao Y, Yang K, Liu Z. Emerging Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials for Cancer Radiation Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700996. [PMID: 28643452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) including external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and internal radioisotope therapy (RIT) has been widely used for clinical cancer treatment. However, owing to the low radiation absorption of tumors, high doses of ionizing radiations are often needed during RT, leading to severe damages to normal tissues adjacent to tumors. Meanwhile, the RT efficacies are limited by different mechanisms, among which the tumor hypoxia-associated radiation resistance is a well-known one, as there exists hypoxia inside most solid tumors while oxygen is essential to enhance radiation-induced DNA damages. With the development in nanotechnology, there have been great interests in using nanomedicine strategies to enhance radiation responses of tumors. Nanomaterials containing high-Z elements to absorb radiation rays (e.g. X-ray) can act as radio-sensitizers to deposit radiation energy within tumors and promote treatment efficacy. Nanoscale carriers are able to deliver therapeutic radioisotopes into tumors for internal RIT, or chemotherapeutic drugs for synergistically combined chemo-radiotherapy. As uncovered in recent studies, the tumor microenvironment could be modulated by various nanomedicine approaches to overcome hypoxia-associated radiation resistance. Herein, the authors will summarize the applications of nanomedicine for RT cancer treatment, and pay particular attention to the latest development of 'advanced materials' for enhanced cancer RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yu Chao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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