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Borgsmiller L, Agne MT, Male JP, Anand S, Li G, Morozov SI, Snyder GJ. Estimating the lower-limit of fracture toughness from ideal-strength calculations. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:825-834. [PMID: 34913452 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fracture mechanics is a fundamental topic to materials science. Fracture toughness, in particular, is a material property of great technological importance for device design. The relatively low fracture toughness of many semiconductor materials, including electronic and energy materials, handicaps their use in applications involving large external stresses. Here, it is shown that quantum-mechanical density functional theory calculations of ideal strength, in conjunction with an integral stress-displacement method, can be used to estimate the fracture energy needed to calculate fracture toughness. Using the fracture energy associated with the weakest crystallographic direction provides an estimation for the lower-limit of the fracture toughness of a material. The lower-limit values are in good agreement with experimental single crystal measurements across several orders-of-magnitude of fracture toughness. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is useful for benchmarking experimental measurements of fracture toughness in polycrystalline materials and can serve as a starting point for the construction of more detailed fracture models and the computational design of new materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Borgsmiller
- Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Matthias T Agne
- Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - James P Male
- Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Shashwat Anand
- Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Guodong Li
- Wuhan University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan 430070, China
- Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, School of Science, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sergey I Morozov
- South Ural State University, Department of Physics of Nanoscale Systems, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - G Jeffrey Snyder
- Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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2
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Shi XL, Zou J, Chen ZG. Advanced Thermoelectric Design: From Materials and Structures to Devices. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7399-7515. [PMID: 32614171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-standing popularity of thermoelectric materials has contributed to the creation of various thermoelectric devices and stimulated the development of strategies to improve their thermoelectric performance. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art strategies for the realization of high-performance thermoelectric materials and devices by establishing the links between synthesis, structural characteristics, properties, underlying chemistry and physics, including structural design (point defects, dislocations, interfaces, inclusions, and pores), multidimensional design (quantum dots/wires, nanoparticles, nanowires, nano- or microbelts, few-layered nanosheets, nano- or microplates, thin films, single crystals, and polycrystalline bulks), and advanced device design (thermoelectric modules, miniature generators and coolers, and flexible thermoelectric generators). The outline of each strategy starts with a concise presentation of their fundamentals and carefully selected examples. In the end, we point out the controversies, challenges, and outlooks toward the future development of thermoelectric materials and devices. Overall, this review will serve to help materials scientists, chemists, and physicists, particularly students and young researchers, in selecting suitable strategies for the improvement of thermoelectrics and potentially other relevant energy conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Shi
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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3
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Shi X, Tao X, Zou J, Chen Z. High-Performance Thermoelectric SnSe: Aqueous Synthesis, Innovations, and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902923. [PMID: 32274303 PMCID: PMC7141048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tin selenide (SnSe) is one of the most promising candidates to realize environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and high-performance thermoelectrics, derived from its outstanding electrical transport properties by appropriate bandgaps and intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity from its anharmonic layered structure. Advanced aqueous synthesis possesses various unique advantages including convenient morphology control, exceptional high doping solubility, and distinctive vacancy engineering. Considering that there is an urgent demand for a comprehensive survey on the aqueous synthesis technique applied to thermoelectric SnSe, herein, a thorough overview of aqueous synthesis, characterization, and thermoelectric performance in SnSe is provided. New insights into the aqueous synthesis-based strategies for improving the performance are provided, including vacancy synergy, crystallization design, solubility breakthrough, and local lattice imperfection engineering, and an attempt to build the inherent links between the aqueous synthesis-induced structural characteristics and the excellent thermoelectric performance is presented. Furthermore, the significant advantages and potentials of an aqueous synthesis route for fabricating SnSe-based 2D thermoelectric generators, including nanorods, nanobelts, and nanosheets, are also discussed. Finally, the controversy, strategy, and outlook toward future enhancement of SnSe-based thermoelectric materials are also provided. This Review guides the design of thermoelectric SnSe with high performance and provides new perspectives as a reference for other thermoelectric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Lei Shi
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralBrisbaneQueensland4300Australia
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Jin Zou
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and MicroanalysisThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Zhi‐Gang Chen
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralBrisbaneQueensland4300Australia
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4
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Yang G, Sang L, Li M, Kazi Nazrul Islam SM, Yue Z, Liu L, Li J, Mitchell DRG, Ye N, Wang X. Enhancing the Thermoelectric Performance of Polycrystalline SnSe by Decoupling Electrical and Thermal Transport through Carbon Fiber Incorporation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12910-12918. [PMID: 32101408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted extensive interest because of their ability to achieve direct heat-to-electricity conversion. They provide an appealing renewable energy source in a variety of applications by harvesting waste heat. The record-breaking figure of merit reported for single crystal SnSe has stimulated related research on its polycrystalline counterpart. Boosting the TE conversion efficiency requires increases in the power factor and decreases in thermal conductivity. It is still a big challenge, however, to optimize these parameters independently because of their complex interrelationships. Herein, we propose an innovative approach to decouple electrical and thermal transport by incorporating carbon fiber (CF) into polycrystalline SnSe. We show that the incorporation of highly conductive CF can successfully enhance the electrical conductivity, while greatly reducing the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline SnSe. As a result, a high TE figure-of-merit (zT) of 1.3 at 823 K is obtained in p-type SnSe/CF composite polycrystalline materials. Furthermore, SnSe samples incorporated with CFs exhibit superior mechanical properties, which are favorable for device fabrication applications. Our results indicate that the dispersion of CF can be a good way to greatly improve both TE and mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsai Yang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Lina Sang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500 Australia
| | - Meng Li
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Sheik Md Kazi Nazrul Islam
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Zengji Yue
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500 Australia
| | - Liqiang Liu
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Jianing Li
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - David R G Mitchell
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Ning Ye
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500 Australia
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5
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Lu Q, Wu M, Wu D, Chang C, Guo YP, Zhou CS, Li W, Ma XM, Wang G, Zhao LD, Huang L, Liu C, He J. Unexpected Large Hole Effective Masses in SnSe Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:116401. [PMID: 28949203 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
SnSe has emerged as an efficient thermoelectric material since a high value of the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) has been reported recently. Here we show with systematic angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy data that the low-lying electronic structures of undoped and hole-doped SnSe crystals exhibit noticeable temperature variation from 80 to 600 K. In particular, the hole effective masses for the two lowest lying valence band maxima are found to be very large and increase with decreasing temperature. Thermoelectric parameters derived from such hole-mass enhancement agree well with the transport values, indicating comprehensively a reduced impact of multivalley transport to the system's thermoelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Lu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ping Guo
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ma
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Li-Dong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Rusek M, Bendt G, Wölper C, Bläser D, Schulz S. Intramolecularly-stabilized Group 14 Alkoxides - Promising Precursors for the Synthesis of Group 14-Chalcogenides by Hot-Injection Method. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rusek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Georg Bendt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45114 Essen Germany
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7
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Zhao LD, Lo SH, Zhang Y, Sun H, Tan G, Uher C, Wolverton C, Dravid VP, Kanatzidis MG. Zhao et al. reply. Nature 2016; 539:E2-E3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature19833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Tyagi K, Gahtori B, Bathula S, Singh NK, Bishnoi S, Auluck S, Srivastava AK, Dhar A. Electrical transport and mechanical properties of thermoelectric tin selenide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic band structure and partial density of states for Cmcm phase of SnSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Tyagi
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Bhasker Gahtori
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Sivaiah Bathula
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Swati Bishnoi
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - S. Auluck
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - A. K. Srivastava
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Ajay Dhar
- CSIR-Network for Solar Energy
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Physics of Energy Harvesting Division
- New Delhi-110012
- India
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9
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Lv S, Ge ZH, Chen YX, Zhao K, Feng J, He J. Thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline SnSe1±x prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both n- and p-type SnSe polycrystalline bulks were fabricated by MA + SPS process without any chemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lv
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ge
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Yue-Xing Chen
- Department of Physics
- South University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Kunyu Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Jing Feng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Department of Physics
- South University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen
- China
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