1
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Servarayan KL, Sundaram E, Velayutham K, Aravind MK, Sundarapandi M, Ashokkumar B, Sivasamy VV. Simple enzyme based fluorimetric biosensor for urea in human biofluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124271. [PMID: 38613899 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
As an important biomarker for renal related diseases, detection of urea is playing a vital role in human biofluids on clinical diagnosis concern. In this work, a synthetic salicyaldehyde based imine fluorophore was synthesized using sonication method and conjugated with urease which was used as fluorescent biosensor for the detection of urea in serum samples. This enzyme based biosensor has shown a good selectivity and sensitivity towards urea with the linear range from 2 to 80 mM and the detection limit of 73 µM. The sensing response obtain is highly agreeing with existing analytical technique for urea detection which strongly recommends this biosensor for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Lakshmi Servarayan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ellairaja Sundaram
- Department of Chemistry, Vivekananda College, Tiruvedakam West, Madurai 625 234, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Manikka Kubendran Aravind
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manickam Sundarapandi
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vasantha Vairathevar Sivasamy
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India.
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2
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Cheng L, Zheng W, Zhang YN, Li X, Zhao Y. In Situ Measurement of Urea Concentration With an In-Fiber SPR-MZI Sensor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2024; 23:403-409. [PMID: 38722715 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2024.3398807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A fiber-optic urea sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Mach-Zehnder interference (MZI) combined principle was designed and implemented. By plating gold film on the single-mode-no-core-thin-core-single-mode fiber structure, we successfully excited both SPR and MZI, and constructed two parallel detection channels for simultaneously measurement of urea concentration and temperature. Urease was immobilized on the gold film by metal-organic zeolite skeleton (ZIF-8), which can not only fix a large number of urease to improve measurement sensitivity of urea, but also protect urease activity to ensure the sensor stability. Experimental results indicate that the designed urea sensor with temperature compensation function can detect urea solution with concentration of 1-9 mM, and the sensitivity is 1.4 nm/mM. The proposed measurement method provides a new choice for monitoring urea concentration in the field of medical diagnosis and human health monitoring.
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3
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Jagannathan M, Dhinasekaran D, Rajendran AR, Cho S. A Review of Electroactive Nanomaterials in the Detection of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds and Future Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:989. [PMID: 37998164 PMCID: PMC10669399 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical and impedimetric detection of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in blood, urine, sweat, and saliva is widely used in clinical diagnosis. NOC detection is used to identify illnesses such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular complications, diabetes, cancer, and others. In recent years, nanomaterials have shown significant potential in the detection of NOCs using electrochemical and impedimetric sensors. This potential is due to the higher surface area, porous nature, and functional groups of nanomaterials, which can aid in improving the sensing performance with inexpensive, direct, and quick-time processing methods. In this review, we discuss nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, graphene nanostructures, and their nanocomposites, for the detection of NOCs. Notably, researchers have considered nanocomposite-based devices, such as a field effect transistor (FET) and printed electrodes, for the detection of NOCs. In this review, we emphasize the significant importance of electrochemical and impedimetric methods in the detection of NOCs, which typically show higher sensitivity and selectivity. So, these methods will open a new way to make embeddable electrodes for point-of-detection (POD) devices. These devices could be used in the next generation of non-invasive analysis for biomedical and clinical applications. This review also summarizes recent state-of-the-art technology for the development of sensors for on-site monitoring and disease diagnosis at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Jagannathan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13210, Republic of Korea;
| | - Durgalakshmi Dhinasekaran
- Department of Medical Physics, College of Engineering Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ajay Rakkesh Rajendran
- Functional Nano-Materials (FuN) Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13210, Republic of Korea;
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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4
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Parveen M, Tahira A, Mahar IA, Bhatti MA, Dawi E, Nafady A, Alshammari RH, Vigolo B, Qi K, Ibupoto ZH. Green structure orienting and reducing agents of wheat peel extract induced abundant surface oxygen vacancies and transformed the nanoflake morphology of NiO into a plate-like shape with enhanced non-enzymatic urea sensing application. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34122-34135. [PMID: 38019984 PMCID: PMC10661683 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are increasingly focusing on using biomass waste for green synthesis of nanostructured materials since green reducing, capping, stabilizing and orientation agents play a significant role in final application. Wheat peel extract contains a rich source of reducing and structure orienting agents that are not utilized for morphological transformation of NiO nanostructures. Our study focuses on the role of wheat peel extract in morphological transformation during the synthesis of NiO nanostructures as well as in non-enzymatic electrochemical urea sensing. It was observed that the morphological transformation of NiO flakes into nanoplatelets took place in the presence of wheat peel extract during the preparation of NiO nanostructures and that both the lateral size and thickness of the nanostructures were significantly reduced. Wheat peel extract was also found to reduce the optical band gap of NiO. A NiO nanostructure prepared with 5 mL of wheat peel extract (sample 2) was highly efficient for the detection of urea without the use of urease enzyme. It has been demonstrated that the induced modification of NiO nanoplatelets through the use of structure-orienting agents in the wheat peel has enhanced their electrochemical performance. A linear range of 0.1 mM to 13 mM was achieved with a detection limit of 0.003 mM in the proposed urea sensor. The performance of the presented non-enzymatic urea sensor was evaluated in terms of selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and practical application, and the results were highly satisfactory. As a result of the high surface active sites on sample 2, the low charge transfer resistance, as well as the high exposure to the surface active sites of wheat peel extract, sample 2 demonstrated enhanced performance. The wheat peel extract could be used for the green synthesis of a wide range of nanostructured materials, particularly metal/metal oxides for various electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Parveen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs Sindh Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ali Mahar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Bhatti
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Elmuez Dawi
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University P.O. Box 346 United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh H Alshammari
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University Dali Yunnan 671000 China
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5
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Naz I, Tahira A, Shah AA, Bhatti MA, Mahar IA, Markhand MP, Mastoi GM, Nafady A, Medany SS, Dawi EA, Saleem LM, Vigolo B, Ibupoto ZH. Green Synthesis of NiO Nanoflakes Using Bitter Gourd Peel, and Their Electrochemical Urea Sensing Application. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:677. [PMID: 36985084 PMCID: PMC10053069 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine urea accurately in clinical samples, food samples, dairy products, and agricultural samples, a new analytical method is required, and non-enzymatic methods are preferred due to their low cost and ease of use. In this study, bitter gourd peel biomass waste is utilized to modify and structurally transform nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures during the low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method. As a result of the high concentration of phytochemicals, the surface was highly sensitive to urea oxidation under alkaline conditions of 0.1 M NaOH. We investigated the structure and shape of NiO nanostructures using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In spite of their flake-like morphology and excellent crystal quality, NiO nanostructures exhibited cubic phases. An investigation of the effects of bitter gourd juice demonstrated that a large volume of juice produced thin flakes measuring 100 to 200 nanometers in diameter. We are able to detect urea concentrations between 1-9 mM with a detection limit of 0.02 mM using our urea sensor. Additionally, the stability, reproducibility, repeatability, and selectivity of the sensor were examined. A variety of real samples, including milk, blood, urine, wheat flour, and curd, were used to test the non-enzymatic urea sensors. These real samples demonstrated the potential of the electrode device for measuring urea in a routine manner. It is noteworthy that bitter gourd contains phytochemicals that are capable of altering surfaces and activating catalytic reactions. In this way, new materials can be developed for a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, energy production, and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Naz
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs 66111, Pakistan;
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Wet Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ali Bhatti
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ali Mahar
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
| | | | - Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shymaa S. Medany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
| | - Elmuez A. Dawi
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lama M. Saleem
- Biomolecular Science, Earth and Life Science, Amsterdam University, De Boelelaan 1 105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Brigitte Vigolo
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Dr. M.A Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.T.); (G.M.M.)
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Magar HS, Hassan RYA, Abbas MN. Non-enzymatic disposable electrochemical sensors based on CuO/Co 3O 4@MWCNTs nanocomposite modified screen-printed electrode for the direct determination of urea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2034. [PMID: 36739320 PMCID: PMC9899286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new electrochemical impedimetric sensor for direct detection of urea was designed and fabricated using nanostructured screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with CuO/Co3O4 @MWCNTs. A facile and simple hydrothermal method was achieved for the chemical synthesis of the CuO/Co3O4 nanocomposite followed by the integration of MWCNTs to be the final platform of the urea sensor. A full physical and chemical characterization for the prepared nanomaterials were performed including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the electrochemical properties the modified electrodes with the nanomaterials at different composition ratios of the CuO/Co3O4 or MWCNTs. The impedimetric measurements were optimized to reach a picomolar sensitivity and high selectivity for urea detection. From the calibration curve, the linear concentration range of 10-12-10-2 M was obtained with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9961 and lower detection limit of 0.223 pM (S/N = 5). The proposed sensor has been used for urea analysis in real samples. Thus, the newly developed non-enzymatic sensor represents a considerable advancement in the field for urea detection, owing to the simplicity, portability, and low cost-sensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend S Magar
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, P.O. Box. 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Nooredeen Abbas
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, P.O. Box. 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Yang Y, Khan H, Gao S, Khalil AK, Ali N, Khan A, Show PL, Bilal M, Khan H. Fabrication, characterization, and photocatalytic degradation potential of chitosan-conjugated manganese magnetic nano-biocomposite for emerging dye pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135647. [PMID: 35817177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The release of toxic dyes from different industries through industrial effluents cause hazardous effects to human and aquatic life. Therefore, the detoxification of such toxic pollutants is very important for a clean environment. In this regard, chitosan conjugated Mn-magnetic nano-biocomposite (Mn-CCMN) was synthesized, characterized, and applied for the photocatalytic decontamination of crystal violet (CV) dye in the contaminated aqueous system and industrial wastewater. The characterization was performed using SEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR spectroscopic techniques and determine PZC. The data shows the successfully synthesis of the resultant nano-biocomposite with amorphous nature and Fe and Mn were present therein. The SEM study revealed the flat and irregular shaped structure with porous surface and 87 ± 4 nm as mean particle size. The application of as-synthesized nano-biocomposite was determined as a photocatalyst for the eradication of CV in the aqueous environment under UV light illumination. The different photocatalysis conditions were studied for maximum degradation of CV and under the best experimental factors, tremendous CV degradation was attained in the real samples and industrial wastewater. The synthesized Mn-CCMN sustain excellent photocatalytic performance for four successive batches. The photocatalytic data was fitted to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.992) having 0.007672 min-1 and 0.0549 ppm/min as k and reaction rate, respectively. The statistical models such as response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were also applied for confirmation of the experimental data and the results showed a good agreement. It is deduced that the synthesized Mn-CCMN could be an excellent alternative to the present photocatalysts for the decontamination of toxic organic dyes from contaminated water and industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Shixiong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Abdul Kabir Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ali
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hammad Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, Pakistan
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Malik S, Khan A, Rahman G, Ali N, Khan H, Khan S, Sotomayor MDPT. Core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for selective recognition and detection of sunset yellow in aqueous environment and real samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113209. [PMID: 35378121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have been recently recognized as an exceptional tool for monitoring and decontamination of environmental and biological samples of diverse nature. Based on the potential applications as sorbents and biomimetic sensors, herein, a core-shell magnetic-molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) was developed as a selective material for separation and sensing of sunset yellow (SY) dye in an aqueous environment and real samples. The MMIP was synthesized via precipitation polymerization using SY as a template, MAA as a functional monomer (chosen based on simulation studies), EGDMA as a cross-linking agent, and AIBN as an initiator. To elaborate the specificity of MMIP, a comparative agent, magnetic non-imprinted polymer (MNIP) was also synthesized. The XRD results showed that the MMIP showed both crystalline and amorphous structure attributed to the presence and polymeric and non-polymeric groups. The FTIR spectra confirmed synthesis of intermediate and final MMIP product. The SEM results showed spherical morphology and porous structure of the MMIP with an average particle size of 0.636 μm in diameter. The MMIP was first employed as a sorbent for the removal of SY from the aqueous environment. The binding experiments performed at optimized operating conditions (pH 2; time 30 min; sorbent dosage 3 mg; sorbate concentration 80 ppm) showed more selectivity when compared with MNIP. The data fitted best to Langmuir's sorption isotherm (Qo 359.8 mg/g) and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The synthesized MMIP was also used as an electrochemical sensor for detection of SY dye in the aqueous environment, which exhibited a linear range of detection as (1.51 × 10-6 - 1.5 × 10-3 M). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.00413 M and 0.0137 M, respectively. While the R2 value was found to be 0.997 at optimized analytical conditions. These results suggested that the synthesized MMIP can be applied for the selective separation and quantification of SY dye in sample of diverse nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Malik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Ali
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Khan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Rimac, Lima, Peru; Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) and National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria D P T Sotomayor
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) and National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Solangi AG, Pirzada T, Shah AA, Halepoto IA, Chang AS, Solangi ZA, Solangi MY, Aftab U, Tonezzer M, Tahira A, Nafady A, Medany SS, Ibupoto ZH. Phytochemicals of mustard (
Brassica Campestris
) leaves tuned the nickel‐cobalt bimetallic oxide properties for enzyme‐free sensing of glucose. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tajness Pirzada
- Institute of Chemistry Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan
| | | | | | - Zulifqar Ali Solangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yameen Solangi
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Umair Aftab
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Matteo Tonezzer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Italian‐National‐Research‐Council (CNR) Trento Italy
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shymaa S. Medany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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Mikani M, Rahmanian R. Sensitive Biosensor Based on Urease/In2O5Sn Nano-Coated Fluorinated SnO2 for Urea Detection in Blood Serum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821080116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Roy D, Singh P, Halder S, Chanda N, Mandal S. 3-D printed electrode integrated sensing chip and a PoC device for enzyme free electrochemical detection of blood urea. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107893. [PMID: 34343778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a novel electrochemical sensing chip and a point-of-care device (PoC) for enzyme-free electrochemical detection of urea in human blood. The electrochemical sensing chip was developed by 3-D printing of conductive Ag ink and subsequent electrodeposition of AuNP-rGO nanocomposite. Material characterization of the sensing chip was conducted to find a plausible mechanism for the electrochemical reaction with urea. Subsequently, the response with varying concentrations of urea in solution and human blood samples was tested. High peak response current (~5 times than that of the highest reported value), low impedance, rapid sensor fabrication procedure, high selectivity towards urea, excellent linear response (R2 = 0.99), high sensitivity of 183 μA mM-1 cm-2, the fast response indicated by high diffusion coefficient, the limit of detection of 0.1 µM, tested shelf life of more than 6 months and recovery rate of >99% ensured the application of the developed sensor chip towards PoC urea detection test kit. A PoC device housing an electronic circuitry following the principles of linear sweep voltammetry and compatible with a sensing chip was developed. A maximum percentage error of 4.86% and maximum RSD of 3.63% confirmed the use of the PoC device for rapid urea measurements in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Roy
- Material Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M.G. Avenue, Durgapur, WB 713209, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Preeti Singh
- Material Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M.G. Avenue, Durgapur, WB 713209, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Saurav Halder
- Material Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M.G. Avenue, Durgapur, WB 713209, India
| | - Nripen Chanda
- Material Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M.G. Avenue, Durgapur, WB 713209, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India.
| | - Soumen Mandal
- Material Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M.G. Avenue, Durgapur, WB 713209, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India.
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12
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Nafady A, Al-Enizi AM, Alothman AA, Shaikh SF. Design and fabrication of green and sustainable vapochromic cellulose fibers embedded with natural anthocyanin for detection of toxic ammonia. Talanta 2021; 230:122292. [PMID: 33934764 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to colorless ammonia gas may lead to damage in human organs or even death. Herein, we describe facile fabrication of an environmentally-friendly, portable, reversible, and sensitive solid-state colorimetric cellulose (Cell)/anthocyanin (Anth) vapochromic sensor that exhibits instant visual color change to both gaseous and aqueous phases of ammonia. The naturally occurring anthocyanin can be easily extracted from the red-cabbage plant and applied as a direct dyestuff onto viscose fibers in the presence of potassium aluminum sulfate as mordant to generate nanoparticles of mordant/anthocyanin coordinated complex. Thus, upon exposure to aqueous ammonia, an instant color change of the smart (Cell-Anth) diagnostic assays, from purple to colorless, was noted and quantitatively probed via both CIE Lab coordinates and UV-Vis spectral measurements. Importantly, the fabricated (Cell-Anth) viscose fabric showed rapid responses, fraction of second, with a good limit of detection (LOD) in the range of 200-1200 mg L-1. This receptor also demonstrated ratiometric changes in the UV-Vis absorbance spectra, giving a hypsochromic shift from 611 to 375 nm upon increasing the total content of ammonia in an aqueous media. The morphologies of Cell-Anth fabrics as well as particle size of the generated mordant/dye complex on the fabric surface have been characterized by transmission electron microscopic (TEM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray patterns (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR). The comfortability of the dyed cellulose fibers was also investigated in terms of their bend length, air-permeability and colorfastness properties. Significantly, the present study offers a promising onsite vapochromic device that enables detection of ammonia in either aqueous or gas phase in various environments and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma A Alothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoyebmohamad F Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Anil AG, Sunil Kumar Naik T, Subramanian S, Ramamurthy PC. A novel non-enzymatic urea sensor based on the nickel complex of a benzimidazoyl pyridine derivative. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Dehdashti A, Babaei A. Designing and characterization of a novel sensing platform based on Pt doped NiO/MWCNTs nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical determination of epinephrine and tramadol simultaneously. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Qin Y, Chen F, Halder A, Zhang M. Free‐Standing NiO Nanosheets as Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qin
- College Life Science & Technology Xinjiang University 830046 Shengli Road Urumqi China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Fei Chen
- College Life Science & Technology Xinjiang University 830046 Shengli Road Urumqi China
| | - Arnab Halder
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Minwei Zhang
- College Life Science & Technology Xinjiang University 830046 Shengli Road Urumqi China
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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16
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Adhikari S, Kar D, Fröhlich R, Ghosh K. Pyridine‐Based Macrocyclic and Open Receptors for Urea. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Adhikari
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani Kalyani- 741235 India
- Department of ChemistryGovt. Degree College, Dharmanagar, Tripura India
| | - Debasis Kar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani Kalyani- 741235 India
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani Kalyani- 741235 India
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17
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Morales-Cruz M, Solis-Marcano NE, Binder C, Priest C, Cabrera CR. Electrochemical Proteus vulgaris whole cell urea sensor in synthetic urine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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18
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Khan H, Malook K, Shah M. Synthesis, characterization, and electrical properties of polypyrrole–bimetallic oxide composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamayun Khan
- Department of ChemistryIslamia College University Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Khan Malook
- Department of ChemistryIslamia College University Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
- Centralized Resource LaboratoryUniversity of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Mutabar Shah
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
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19
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Yarahmadi S, Azadbakht A, Derikvand RM. Hybrid synthetic receptor composed of molecularly imprinted polydopamine and aptamers for impedimetric biosensing of urea. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:71. [PMID: 30627876 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptamer-based method is described for highly specific sensing of urea. Urea-imprinted polydopamine was obtained by electropolymerization of dopamine (DA). The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) also contains DNA aptamers on gold nanoparticles decorated with a carbon nanotube network (AuNP/CNT). The material was placed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). After removal of urea from the MIP cavities, the GCE display double recognition capability which makes it superior to conventional MIP-only or aptamer-only based assays. On exposure of the modified electrode to urea, the interfacial charge transfer of the redox probe hexacyanoferrate is traced, typically measured at a peak voltage of 0.22 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The change in charge transfer resistance depends on the urea concentration. The assay has a 900 fM detection limit, and response is the linear up to 500 nM urea concentrations. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Yarahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Azadbakht
- Department of Chemistry, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Reza Mir Derikvand
- Department of Plant Breeding, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
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20
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Amin S, Tahira A, Solangi A, Beni V, Morante JR, Liu X, Falhman M, Mazzaro R, Ibupoto ZH, Vomiero A. A practical non-enzymatic urea sensor based on NiCo2O4 nanoneedles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14443-14451. [PMID: 35519335 PMCID: PMC9064170 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00909d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new facile electrochemical sensing platform for determination of urea, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) nanoneedles.
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21
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Bao C, Niu Q, Chen ZA, Cao X, Wang H, Lu W. Ultrathin nickel-metal–organic framework nanobelt based electrochemical sensor for the determination of urea in human body fluids. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29474-29481. [PMID: 35528419 PMCID: PMC9071849 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ni-MOF ultrathin nanobelts in alkaline media can be used as an efficient catalyst for urea electrooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Qiangqiang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Zi-Ang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Xiaowei Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine
- Medical College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225001
- China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Wenbo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
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Parsaee Z. Synthesis of novel amperometric urea-sensor using hybrid synthesized NiO-NPs/GO modified GCE in aqueous solution of cetrimonium bromide. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:120-128. [PMID: 29680593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study NiO nanostructures were synthesized via combinational synthetic method (ultrasound-assisted biosynthesis) and immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as a highly sensitive and selective enzyme-less sensor for urea detection. NiO-NPs were fully characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD, BET, TGA, FT-IR, UV-vis and Raman methods which revealed the formation of NiO nanostructures in the form of cotton like porous material and crystalline in nature with the average size of 3.8 nm. GCE was modified with NiO-NPs in aqueous solution of cetrimonium bromide(CTAB). Highly adhesive NiO/CTAB/GO nanocomposite membrane has been formed on GCE by immersing NiO/CTAB modified GCE in GO suspension. CTAB has a major role in the production and immobilization of the nanocomposites on the GCE surface and the binding NiO nanoparticles on GO plates. In addition, CTAB/GO composition made a highly adhesive surface on the GCE. The resulting NiO/CTAB/GO/GCE contains potently sensitive to urea in aqueous environments. The response of as developed amperometric sensor was linear in the range of 100-1200 µM urea with R2 value of 0.991 and limit of detection (LOD), 8 µM. The sensor responded negligibly to various interfering species like glucose, uric acid and ascorbic acid. This sensor was applied successfully for determining urea in real water samples such as mineral water, tap water and river water with acceptable recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Parsaee
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.
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23
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Miniaturized Bio-and Chemical-Sensors for Point-of-Care Monitoring of Chronic Kidney Diseases. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18040942. [PMID: 29565315 PMCID: PMC5948530 DOI: 10.3390/s18040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review reports the latest achievements in point-of-care (POC) sensor technologies for the monitoring of ammonia, creatinine and urea in patients suffering of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Abnormal levels of these nitrogen biomarkers are found in the physiological fluids, such as blood, urine and sweat, of CKD patients. Delocalized at-home monitoring of CKD biomarkers via integration of miniaturized, portable, and low cost chemical- and bio-sensors in POC devices, is an emerging approach to improve patients’ health monitoring and life quality. The successful monitoring of CKD biomarkers, performed on the different body fluids by means of sensors having strict requirements in term of size, cost, large-scale production capacity, response time and simple operation procedures for use in POC devices, is reported and discussed.
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24
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Construction of an Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Nitrite Sensor Using Piroxicam-Derived Copper Oxide Nanostructures. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Ali N, Ismail M, Khan A, Khan H, Haider S, Kamal T. Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of urea in real samples using silver nanoparticles by standard addition and 2nd order derivative methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:110-115. [PMID: 28802857 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed simple, sensitive and inexpensive methods for the spectrophotometric determination of urea in urine samples using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The standard addition and 2nd order derivative methods were adopted for this purpose. AgNPs were prepared by chemical reduction of AgNO3 with hydrazine using 1,3-di-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-propanol (DIPO) as a stabilizing agent in aqueous medium. The proposed methods were based on the complexation of AgNPs with urea. Using this concept, urea in the urine samples was successfully determined spectrophotometric methods. The results showed high percent recovery with ±RSD. The recoveries of urea in the three urine samples by spectrophotometric standard addition were 99.2%±5.37, 96.3%±4.49, 104.88%±4.99 and that of spectrophotometric 2nd order derivative method were 115.3%±5.2, 103.4%±2.6, 105.93%±0.76. The results show that these methods can open doors for a potential role of AgNPs in the clinical determination of urea in urine, blood, biological, non-biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Ali
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahseen Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Graphene–Polyaniline composite based ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor for non-enzymatic detection of urea. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Khan H, Khalil AK, Khan A, Saeed K, Ali N. Photocatalytic degradation of bromophenol blue in aqueous medium using chitosan conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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