1
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Nguan HS, Chen JL, Ni CK. Collision-Induced Dissociation of Fucose and Identification of Anomericity. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3812-3820. [PMID: 38690855 PMCID: PMC11103703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Structural determination of carbohydrates using mass spectrometry remains challenging, particularly, the differentiation of anomeric configurations. In this work, we studied the collision-induced dissociation (CID) mechanisms of sodiated α- and β-l-fucose using an experimental method and quantum chemistry calculations. The calculations show that α-l-fucose is more likely to undergo dehydration due to the fact that O1 and O2 are on the same side of the sugar ring. In contrast, β-l-fucose is more prone to the ring-opening reaction because more OH groups are on the same side of the sugar ring as O1. These differences suggest a higher preference for the dehydration reaction in sodiated α-l-fucose but a lower preference for ring-opening compared to that of β-l-fucose. The calculation results, which are used to assign the CID mass spectra of α- and β-l-fucose separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, are supported by the fucose produced from the CID of disaccharides Fuc-β-(1 → 3)-GlcNAc and Fuc-α-(1 → 4)-GlcNAc. This study demonstrates that the correlation of cis- and trans-configurations of O1 and O2 to the relative branching ratios of dehydration and cross-ring dissociation in CID, observed in aldohexose and ketohexose in the pyranose form, can be extended to deoxyhexoses for anomericity determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock-Seng Nguan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Lian Chen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kung Ni
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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2
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Zhang S, Cao Z, Fan P, Sun W, Xiao Y, Zhang P, Wang Y, Huang S. Discrimination of Disaccharide Isomers of Different Glycosidic Linkages Using a Modified MspA Nanopore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316766. [PMID: 38116834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide subunits joined by a glycosidic linkage in an α or β configuration. Different combinations of isomeric monosaccharide subunits and different glycosidic linkages result in different isomeric disaccharide products. Thus, direct discrimination of these disaccharide isomers from a mixture is extremely difficult. In this paper, a hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore conjugated with a phenylboronic acid (PBA) adapter was applied for disaccharide sensing, with which three most widely known disaccharides in nature, including sucrose, lactose and maltose, were clearly discriminated. Besides, all six isomeric α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructoses, differing only in their glycosidic linkages, were also well resolved. Assisted by a custom machine learning algorithm, a 0.99 discrimination accuracy is achieved. Nanopore discrimination of disaccharide isomers with different glycosidic linkages, which has never been previously demonstrated, is inspiring for nanopore saccharide sequencing. This sensing capacity was also applied in direct identification of isomaltulose additives in a commercial sucrose-free yogurt, from which isomaltulose, lactose and L-lactic acid were simultaneously detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pingping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Panke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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3
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Gurav AB, Webb IK. Charge Inversion Ion/Ion Reactions Coupled to Ion Mobility/Mass Spectrometry: Oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37167025 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Various ion mobility-based separation techniques and instruments have been recently developed to increase the operational resolution of ion mobility separations, especially of isomers and isobars. In addition to developments in instrumentation, different covalent and noncovalent derivatization techniques have helped achieve effective separations by magnifying minor differences in collision cross section. Among these methodologies is host-guest complex formation and, a new development presented herein, charge inversion ion-ion reactions coupled to ion mobility separations. We used these methods to enable formation of complexes between isomeric deprotonated oligosaccharides and alkaline earth metals (in solution) and alkaline earth metal-trisphenanthroline complexes (in vacuo), observing minor shifts in ion mobility arrival times for the charge inversion reaction products as well as unique mobility fingerprints indicative of separations of α/β anomers of disaccharides. For example, we have demonstrated separations between reducing disaccharides such as lactose and lactulose and nonreducing disaccharides. We also observed separations based on the pyranose/furanose configurations of the isomers. These results suggest the potential for ion/ion reactions to enable isomer separation of biomolecules from various compound classes using ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita B Gurav
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University─Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University─Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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4
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Lee J, Chai M, Bleiholder C. Differentiation of Isomeric, Nonseparable Carbohydrates Using Tandem-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:747-757. [PMID: 36547374 PMCID: PMC10126951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play important roles in biological processes, but their identification remains a significant analytical problem. While mass spectrometry has increasingly enabled the elucidation of carbohydrates, current approaches are limited in their abilities to differentiate isomeric carbohydrates when these are not separated prior to tandem-mass spectrometry analysis. This analytical challenge takes on increased relevance because of the pervasive presence of isomeric carbohydrates in biological systems. Here, we demonstrate that TIMS2-MS2 workflows enabled by tandem-trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (tTIMS/MS) provide a general approach to differentiate isomeric, nonseparated carbohydrates. Our analysis shows that (1) cross sections measured by TIMS are sufficiently precise and robust for ion identification; (2) fragment ion cross sections from TIMS2 analysis can be analytically exploited to identify carbohydrate precursors even if the precursor ions are not separated by TIMS; (3) low-abundant fragment ions can be exploited to identify carbohydrate precursors even if the precursor ions are not separated by IMS. (4) MS2 analysis of fragment ions produced by TIMS2 can be used to validate and/or further characterize carbohydrate structures. Taken together, our analysis underlines the opportunities that tandem-ion mobility spectrometry/MS methods offer for the characterization of mixtures of isomeric carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Mengqi Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Christian Bleiholder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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5
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Paglia G, Smith AJ, Astarita G. Ion mobility mass spectrometry in the omics era: Challenges and opportunities for metabolomics and lipidomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:722-765. [PMID: 33522625 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Researchers worldwide are taking advantage of novel, commercially available, technologies, such as ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), for metabolomics and lipidomics applications in a variety of fields including life, biomedical, and food sciences. IM-MS provides three main technical advantages over traditional LC-MS workflows. Firstly, in addition to mass, IM-MS allows collision cross-section values to be measured for metabolites and lipids, a physicochemical identifier related to the chemical shape of an analyte that increases the confidence of identification. Second, IM-MS increases peak capacity and the signal-to-noise, improving fingerprinting as well as quantification, and better defining the spatial localization of metabolites and lipids in biological and food samples. Third, IM-MS can be coupled with various fragmentation modes, adding new tools to improve structural characterization and molecular annotation. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in IM-MS technologies and approaches utilized to support metabolomics and lipidomics applications and we assess the challenges and opportunities in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paglia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Andrew J Smith
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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7
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Delvaux A, Rathahao-Paris E, Alves S. Different ion mobility-mass spectrometry coupling techniques to promote metabolomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:695-721. [PMID: 33492707 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has become increasingly popular in recent years for many applications ranging from clinical diagnosis, human health to biotechnological questioning. Despite technological advances, metabolomic studies are still currently limited by the difficulty of identifying all metabolites, a class of compounds with great chemical diversity. Although lengthy chromatographic analyses are often used to obtain comprehensive data, many isobar and isomer metabolites still remain unresolved, which is a critical point for the compound identification. Currently, ion mobility spectrometry is being explored in metabolomics as a way to improve metabolome coverage, analysis throughput and isomer separation. In this review, all the steps of a typical workflow for untargeted metabolomics are discussed considering the use of an ion mobility instrument. An overview of metabolomics is first presented followed by a brief description of ion mobility instrumentation. The ion mobility potential for complex mixture analysis is discussed regarding its coupling with a mass spectrometer alone, providing gas-phase separation before mass analysis as well as its combination with different separation platforms (conventional hyphenation but also multidimensional ion mobility couplings), offering multidimensional separation. Various instrumental and analytical conditions for improving the ion mobility separation are also described. Finally, data mining, including software packages and visualization approaches, as well as the construction of ion mobility databases for the metabolite identification are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Delvaux
- Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Estelle Rathahao-Paris
- Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Sandra Alves
- Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
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8
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Du M, Zhang K, Jiao L, Xu Y, Kong X. Differentiation of disaccharide isomers via a combination of IR and UV photodissociation mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9218. [PMID: 34740281 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The challenge of glycan identification due to their structural complexity and diversity has profited enormously from recent developments in mass spectrometry (MS)-related methods. For photodissociation MS, infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) lasers can generate complementary fragment ions, so an effective combination of the two methods may provide rich and valuable fragmentation patterns for glycan analysis. METHODS A 7.0 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer equipped with a double-beam laser system was applied for the experiments. 3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine was selected as the assistant molecule to form complex ions with ten isomeric disaccharides through electrospray ionization. The complex ions were further isolated and irradiated by IR and UV lasers separately or continuously in the FTICR cell. RESULTS By combining the two complementary fragment spectra generated from the IR and UV lasers, a clear identification of all the ten isomers was achieved using their binary codes based on their fragmentation patterns. The double-beam method simplifies the experiment by introducing the two lasers sequentially in one experiment, providing richer fragmentation patterns and making the full discrimination easier. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the capabilities of the combination of IR and UV photodissociation MS in the identification of diverse glycan isomers. The double-beam photodissociation method described here distinguished compositional, configurational and connectivity disaccharide isomers successfully. Compared with the data accumulation method based on separate IR and UV experiments, this method is simpler, faster, more flexible and also characterized by richer fragmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Wang SL, Wang Y, Wu L, Cai YY, Wang ZC, Alolga RN, Qi LW, Li B, Huang FQ. Paired Derivatization Approach with H/D-Labeled Hydroxylamine Reagents for Sensitive and Accurate Analysis of Monosaccharides by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3590-3599. [PMID: 35171578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monosaccharides play important roles in biological processes. Sensitive and accurate analyses of monosaccharides remain challenging because of their high hydrophilicities and poor ionization efficiencies. Here, we developed a paired derivatization approach with H/D-labeled hydroxylamines for simultaneous quantification of 12 monosaccharides by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). O-(4-Methoxybenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (4-MOBHA·HCl) showed higher derivatization efficiency for monosaccharides compared to six other hydroxylamine analogues. The derivatization of monosaccharides was readily achieved in an aqueous solution. Furthermore, the deuterium-labeled isotope reagent, d3-4-MOBHA·HCl, was newly synthesized to stably label monosaccharides to improve its accuracy and precision in complex matrix analysis. As a result, 12 monosaccharides were rapidly detected by LC-MS/MS within 16 min with significant improvements in chromatographic separation and retention time. The detection sensitivity increased by 83 to 1600-fold with limits of quantitation ranging from 0.25 to 3.00 fmol. With the paired derivatization strategy, the monosaccharides could be accurately quantified with good linearity (R2 > 0.99) and satisfactory accuracy (recoveries: 85-110%). Using this method, we achieved sensitive and accurate quantification of the monosaccharide composition of herbal polysaccharides and the change in monosaccharide levels in human cell lines under physiopathological conditions. More importantly, the developed method was able to differentiate between the levels of the monosaccharides in fecal samples of human ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and UC mice compared to their respective controls. The differential monosaccharides determined in human feces provided a good diagnostic performance in distinguishing the UC patients from healthy individuals, showing potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cai
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Feng-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
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10
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Trapped ion mobility spectrometry time-of-flight mass spectrometry for high throughput and high resolution characterization of human milk oligosaccharide isomers. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338878. [PMID: 34538323 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome and immune system of infants are shaped by various bioactive components of human breastmilk, notably human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs represent the third component of breastmilk and exhibit extremely high structural diversity with many isomers. Here, we propose a high throughput and high resolution approach to characterize main oligosaccharides present in breastmilk with high identification level thanks to ion mobility spectrometry. Four pairs of standard HMO isomers, that are (LNT/LNnT), (LNFP I/LNFP V), (3'-SL/6'-SL) and (2'-FL/3-FL), were first investigated under both positive and negative ionization mode using direct introduction-trapped ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TIMS-TOF). By examining all the ionic species formed (i.e. protonated and deprotonated ions as well as adduct species), every isomer pair could be distinguished through the separation of at least one species, even with a small difference in collision cross section values (as small as 1.5%) thanks to the flexible resolution capacity of the TIMS instrument. Although multiple mobility peaks resulting from different glycan anomeric conformers, open-ring and/or different ionic isomer structures (i.e. various charge site locations), could be observed for some HMO species. The reduction at the reducing-end of HMOs did not significantly facilitate the isomer distinction. Finally, the unambiguous identification of the studied HMOs in a breastmilk sample showed the potential of the approach combining ion mobility separation and MS/MS experiments for high throughput distinction of HMO isomers in complex breastmilk samples without laborious sample preparation.
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11
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McKenna KR, Clowers BH, Krishnamurthy R, Liotta CL, Fernández FM. Separations of Carbohydrates with Noncovalent Shift Reagents by Frequency-Modulated Ion Mobility-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2472-2480. [PMID: 34351139 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An increased focus on characterizing the structural heterogeneity of carbohydrates has been driven by their many significant roles in extant life and potential roles in chemical evolution and the origin of life. In this work, multiplexed drift tube ion mobility-Orbitrap mass spectrometry methods were developed to analyze mixtures of disaccharides modified with noncovalent shift reagents. Since traditional coupling of atmospheric pressure drift tube ion mobility cells with Orbitrap mass analyzers suffers from low duty cycles (<0.1%), a frequency modulation scheme was applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Several parameters such as the resolution setting and maximum injection time of the Orbitrap analyzer and the magnitude and duration of the frequency sweep were investigated for their impact on the sensitivity gains and resolution of disaccharide-shift reagent adducts. The sweep time and disaccharide concentration had a positive correlation with SNR. The magnitude of the frequency sweep had a negative correlation with SNR. However, increasing the frequency sweep improved the resolution of mixtures of disaccharide analytes. Application of frequency-modulated ion mobility-Orbitrap mass spectrometry to four noncovalently modified glucose dimers allowed for the differentiation of three out of these four analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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12
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Xie C, Li L, Wu Q, Guan P, Wang C, Yu J, Tang K. Effective separation of carbohydrate isomers using metal cation and halogen anion complexes in trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 225:121903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Guan P, Xie C, Li L, Fang X, Wu F, Hu JJ, Tang K. Structural resolution of disaccharides through halogen anion complexation using negative trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 230:122348. [PMID: 33934797 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are an indispensable part of early life evolution. The determination of their structures is a key step to analyze their critical roles in biological systems. A variation of composition, glycosidic linkage, and (or) configuration between carbohydrate isomers induces structure diversity and brings challenges for their structural determination. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), an emerging gas-phase ion separation technology, has been considered as a promising tool for performing carbohydrate structure elucidation. In this work, eight disaccharides were analyzed by trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) in the negative ion mode as the complexed form of [M + X]-, where M = disaccharide, and X = Cl, Br, and I. As compared to the positive ion analysis of the selected disaccharide in a sodiated form, a reversal charge state provided the ability to eliminate or even reverse the collision cross section (CCS) difference between disaccharide isomers. By the combination of TIMS analysis and the calculation of density functional theory, the only observed two conformers of ions [lactulose + I]- may result from different adduction sites for an iodide anion. Based on the comparison of different halogen adducts, the [M + I]- ion form exhibited more powerful ability for isomeric disaccharide differentiation with an average resolution (RP-P) of 1.17, which results in a 34.5% improvement as compared to the corresponding chloride adducts. This result indicates that the use of negative charge states, especially the complexation of an iodide anion, could be a supplemental strategy to commonly used positive ion analysis for carbohydrate separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chengyi Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Jun Jack Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Keqi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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14
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Li L, Yu J, Xie C, Wang C, Guan P, Hu JJ, Tang K. A TIMS-TOF mass spectrometry study of disaccharides from in situ ESI derivatization with 3-pyridinylboronate. Analyst 2021; 146:75-84. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mobilograms of in situ ESI 3-pyridinylboronic acid tagging of isomaltose in the positive or negative mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Jack Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
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15
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Xie C, Wu Q, Zhang S, Wang C, Gao W, Yu J, Tang K. Improving glycan isomeric separation via metal ion incorporation for drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 211:120719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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McKenna KR, Li L, Krishnamurthy R, Liotta CL, Fernández FM. Organic acid shift reagents for the discrimination of carbohydrate isobars by ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:8008-8015. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01546f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Traveling wave and drift tube ion mobility were utilized to separate isomeric disaccharides. Organic acid shift reagents were necessary to increase the resolution of these separations for mixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R. McKenna
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | - Li Li
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | | | - Charles L. Liotta
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
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17
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Gray CJ, Migas LG, Barran PE, Pagel K, Seeberger PH, Eyers CE, Boons GJ, Pohl NLB, Compagnon I, Widmalm G, Flitsch SL. Advancing Solutions to the Carbohydrate Sequencing Challenge. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14463-14479. [PMID: 31403778 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates possess a variety of distinct features with stereochemistry playing a particularly important role in distinguishing their structure and function. Monosaccharide building blocks are defined by a high density of chiral centers. Additionally, the anomericity and regiochemistry of the glycosidic linkages carry important biological information. Any carbohydrate-sequencing method needs to be precise in determining all aspects of this stereodiversity. Recently, several advances have been made in developing fast and precise analytical techniques that have the potential to address the stereochemical complexity of carbohydrates. This perspective seeks to provide an overview of some of these emerging techniques, focusing on those that are based on NMR and MS-hybridized technologies including ion mobility spectrometry and IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gray
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - Lukasz G Migas
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - Perdita E Barran
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Biomolecular Systems Department , Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces , Am Muehlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZB , U.K
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS , Université de Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex , France.,Institut Universitaire de France IUF , 103 Blvd St Michel , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory , Stockholm University , S-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , U.K
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18
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McKenna KR, Li L, Baker AG, Ujma J, Krishnamurthy R, Liotta CL, Fernández FM. Carbohydrate isomer resolutionviamulti-site derivatization cyclic ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2019; 144:7220-7226. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry enhances the separation and identification of small carbohydrate isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R. McKenna
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Li Li
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | | | | | | | - Charles L. Liotta
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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19
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Tong C, Tong X, Shi S, Guo K. Rapid discrimination and quantification of isomeric flavonoid-O-diglycosides in Citrus paradisi cv. changshanhuyou by online extraction-quadrupole time-of flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 165:24-30. [PMID: 30500597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid differentiation, characterization and quantification of isomers from complex mixtures by direct mass spectrometry (MS) remained an analytical challenge due to their similar or identical MS/MS spectra and matrix interferences. Here, we reported a novel online extraction-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (OLE-QTOF-MS/MS) system to rapid, efficient and sensitive analysis of interglycosidic linkage isomers (hesperidin and neohesperidin) in Citrus paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou (Changshanhuyou). OLE system packed with solid Changshanhuyou (0.02 mg) could be firstly used to online remove interferences with large polarities, and then online extract and enrich hesperidin and neohesperidin, which shows great potential to diminish the analysis time of sample pretreatment, as well as to reduce matrix effects and instrument consumption. Detailed fragmentation analysis found that, under positive ion mode, relative abundance of specific fragment ions m/z 449 to m/z 303 showed linear correlation to the mass content of hesperidin (0% to 100%) with good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9958). Utilizing this method, the mass ratio of hesperidin to neohesperidin in Changshanhuyou was relatively quantified as 3.7:96.3 with RSD at 2.9%. Finally, using internal standard method, the absolute quantitative analysis was performed with acceptable reproducibility (RSD 1.3 and 4.5% for intra- and inter-day variations) and recoveries (from 95.9% to 108.9%), acceptable limit of detection (0.33 ng). In general, OLE-QTOF-MS/MS represented a promising and practical method for simple, rapid and effective analysis of isomeric compounds in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Xia Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Shuyun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Keke Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
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20
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Wang H, Chen H, Geng J, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Sun L, Tai G, Zhou Y. Quantitative analysis of dextran in rat plasma using Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry based on all ion fragmentation strategy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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