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Shaik MAS, Samanta D, Sharma AK, Shaw M, Prodhan S, Basu R, Mondal I, Singh S, Dutta PK, Pathak A. White light emission from helically stacked humin-mimic based H-aggregates in heteroatom free carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19238-19254. [PMID: 37990573 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
White light emission (WLE), particularly from heteroatom free carbon dots (CDs), is unusual. Besides, deciphering the origin of WLE from a H-aggregated molecular fluorophore in such kinds of CDs is a challenging task due to their non-fluorescent character resulting from a forbidden transition from a lower-energy excitonic state. Therefore, rigorous investigation on their elusive excited state photophysical properties along with their steady-state optical phenomena has to be carried out to shed light on the nature of distinct emissive states formed in the CDs. Herein, for the first time, we report WLE from imperfect H-aggregates of co-facially π-π stacked humin-like structures comprising furfural monomer units as a unique molecular fluorophore in CDs, as revealed from combined spectroscopic and microscopic studies, synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of the single precursor, dextrose. H-aggregates in CDs show a broad range of excitation-dependent emission spectra with color coordinates close to pure white light, i.e., CIE (0.35, 0.37) and a color temperature of 6000 K. Imperfect orientation between the transition dipole moments of adjacent monomer units in the H-aggregate's molecular arrangement is expected to cause ground state symmetry breaking, as confirmed by Circular Dichroism (CD) studies, which established helically stacked nature in molecular aggregates and produced significant oscillatory strength at lower energy excitonic states to enable fluorescence. TRES and TAS investigations have been performed to minimise the intricacies associated with excited state photophysics, which is regarded as an essential step in gaining a grasp on emissive states. Based on the observation of two isoemissive spots in the time-resolved area normalized emission spectra (TRANES), the existence of three oligomeric species in the excited state equilibrium of the pure/hybrid H-aggregates has been established. The exciton dynamics through electron relaxation from the higher to the lower excitonic states, charge transfer (CT) states, and surface trap mediated emission in excimer states of H-aggregates have also been endorsed as three distinct emissive states from femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) studies corroborating with their steady-state absorption and emission behavior. The results would demonstrate the usage of CDs as a cutting-edge fluorescent material for creating aggregate-induced white light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Salam Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Dipanjan Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Ankit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Manisha Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sayan Prodhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Rajarshi Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Imran Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Shailab Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Cerdan K, Brancart J, Roels E, Vanderborght B, Van Puyvelde P. Humins Blending in Thermoreversible Diels-Alder Networks for Stiffness Tuning and Enhanced Healing Performance for Soft Robotics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1657. [PMID: 35566827 PMCID: PMC9101211 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humins waste valorization is considered to be an essential pathway to improve the economic viability of many biorefinery processes and further promote their circularity by avoiding waste formation. In this research, the incorporation of humins in a Diels-Alder (DA) polymer network based on furan-maleimide thermoreversible crosslinks was studied. A considerable enhancement of the healing efficiency was observed by just healing for 1 h at 60 °C at the expense of a reduction of the material mechanical properties, while the unfilled material showed no healing under the same conditions. Nevertheless, the thermal healing step favored the irreversible humins polycondensation, thus strengthening the material while keeping the enhanced healing performance. Our hypothesis states a synergistic healing mechanism based on humins flowing throughout the damage, followed by thermal humins crosslinking during the healing trigger, together with DA thermoreversible bonds recombination. A multi-material soft robotic gripper was manufactured out of the proposed material, showing not only improved recovery of the functional performance upon healing but also stiffness-tunable features by means of humins thermal crosslinking. For the first time, both damage healing and zone reinforcement for further damage prevention are achieved in a single intrinsic self-healing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Cerdan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology (SMaRT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Joost Brancart
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Ellen Roels
- Brubotics and Imec, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.R.); (B.V.)
| | - Bram Vanderborght
- Brubotics and Imec, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.R.); (B.V.)
| | - Peter Van Puyvelde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology (SMaRT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
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Ma M, Liang N, Hou P, Zhang P, Cao J, Liu H, Xu X, Yue H, Tian G, Feng S. Humins with Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption: A By-Product of Furfural Conversion to Isopropyl Levulinate via a Tandem Catalytic Reaction in One-Pot. Chemistry 2021; 27:12659-12666. [PMID: 34111323 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Both one-pot catalytic conversion of furfural (FAL) to isopropyl levulinate (PL) and carbonization of by-product (humins) for electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, which provides inspiration that humins can be applied to electromagnetic wave absorption. In the former, phosphotungstic acid (PW) is employed as a homogeneous catalyst to convert FAL to PL via a tandem reaction in one pot, with the formation of a vast amount of humins. With FAL and various intermediates as substrates, it was found that humins was a polymerization product of FAL, furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and furfuryl ester (FE) with furan rings. In addition, the in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra also provided a basis for the proposed reaction route. In the latter, with the humins as raw material, P species and WO3 doped nano-porous carbon (Humins-700) platform formed after high-temperature annealing is used for electromagnetic wave absorption and manifests desirable absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin ) value is -47.3 dB at 13.0 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 4.5 GHz (11.2-5.7 GHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Na Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Pan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qian†jin Road, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
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Depoorter A, Kalalian C, Emmelin C, Lorentz C, George C. Indoor heterogeneous photochemistry of furfural drives emissions of nitrous acid. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:682-692. [PMID: 33020975 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
People spend approximately 80% of their time indoor, making the understanding of the indoor chemistry an important task for safety. The high surface-area-to-volume ratio characteristic of indoor environments leads the semi-volatile organic compounds (sVOCs) to deposit on the surfaces. Using a long path absorption photometer (LOPAP), this work investigates the formation of nitrous acid (HONO) through the photochemistry of adsorbed nitrate anions and its enhancement by the presence of furfural. Using a high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS), this work also investigates the surface emissions of VOCs from irradiated films of furfural and a mix of furfural and nitrate anions. Among the emitted VOCs, 2(5H)-furanone/2-Butenedial was observed at high concentrations, leading to maleic anhydride formation after UV irradiation. Moreover, the addition of potassium nitrate to the film formed NOx and HONO concentrations up to 10 ppb, which scales to ca. 4 ppb for realistic indoor conditions. This work helps to understand the high levels of HONO and NOx measured indoors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Kalalian
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Corinne Emmelin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chantal Lorentz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Cantarutti C, Dinu R, Mija A. Biorefinery Byproducts and Epoxy Biorenewable Monomers: A Structural Elucidation of Humins and Triglycidyl Ether of Phloroglucinol Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:517-533. [PMID: 31675230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need for thermosets from renewable resources is continuously increasing to find eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-derived materials. Products obtained from biomass have shown to play an important role in this challenge. Here, we present the structural characterization of new biobased thermosets made of humins, a byproduct of lignocellulosic biorefinery, and glycidylated phloroglucinol coming from the biomass phenolic fraction. By employing attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopies, we elucidated the connections between these two systems, contributing to clarify their molecular structures and their reactivities. We demonstrated that the resin curing takes place through ether bond formation between humin hydroxyl functions and phloroglucinol epoxides. Besides cross-linking, humins show a complex rearrangement of their furanic structure through different concomitant chemical pathways depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cantarutti
- Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis , 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France
| | - Roxana Dinu
- Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis , 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France
| | - Alice Mija
- Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis , 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France
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Filiciotto L, Balu AM, Romero AA, Angelici C, van der Waal JC, Luque R. Reconstruction of humins formation mechanism from decomposition products: A GC-MS study based on catalytic continuous flow depolymerizations. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xie X, Gao X, Pan C, Wei Z, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Luo S, Cao J. Assessment of Multiorigin Humin Components Evolution and Influencing Factors During Composting. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4184-4192. [PMID: 30908023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Humin (HM) is a complex mixture of molecules produced in the different biological processes, and the structural evolution of HM in the agricultural wastes composting are not well-known. Elucidating and comparing the structural evolution during livestock manure (LMC) and straw wastes (SWC) composting can help one to better understand the fates, features, and environmental impacts of HM. This study exploits excitation emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC), two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-CoS), hetero-2DCoS, and structural equation model (SEM) to compare the fate of the HM. We fit a three-component EEM-PARAFAC model to characterize HM extracted from LMC and SWC. The results show that the HM evolution has a significant difference between LMC and SWC. As a result, the opposite change tendency and different change order of HM fluorescent components determine the different synthesis formation and evolution mechanisms. The diverse organic matter composition and dominant microbes might be the reason for the different evolution mechanism. Based on these results, a comprehensive view of the component changes of HM in the composting process is obtained. Furthermore, the superior potential of such an integrated approach during investigating the complex evolution in the environment was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xie
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xintong Gao
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Chaonan Pan
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Yi'an County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center , Yi'an , Heilongjiang 161500 , China
| | - Jinxiang Cao
- Yi'an County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center , Yi'an , Heilongjiang 161500 , China
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Sangregorio A, Guigo N, van der Waal JC, Sbirrazzuoli N. Humins from Biorefineries as Thermoreactive Macromolecular Systems. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:4246-4255. [PMID: 30338938 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass often brings about the formation of several side products. Among these, a black and viscous coproduct known as humins is formed on acidic treatment of polysaccharides. To improve the efficiency of this process from an economical and environmental perspective, new solutions for humins valorization are urgently needed. This work focuses on the comprehensive understanding of humins with special emphasis on their structure/properties relationships. Humins were subjected to different thermal treatments and characterized by means of structural, thermoanalytical, and rheological investigations. The structure and composition of humins are very diverse and depend on the thermochemical conditions. On sufficient heating, humins change into a nonreversible and more branched furanic structure with a relatively high glass-transition temperature (Tg >65 °C). Thus, humins can be easily processed for preparing thermoset-like resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sangregorio
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108, Nice, France
- Avantium Chemicals B.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathanael Guigo
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Jan C van der Waal
- Avantium Chemicals B.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108, Nice, France
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Rodríguez‐Padrón D, Puente‐Santiago AR, Balu AM, Muñoz‐Batista MJ, Luque R. Environmental Catalysis: Present and Future. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daily Rodríguez‐Padrón
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV−A Km 396 Córdoba E14014 Spain
| | - Alain R. Puente‐Santiago
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV−A Km 396 Córdoba E14014 Spain
| | - Alina M. Balu
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV−A Km 396 Córdoba E14014 Spain
| | - Mario J. Muñoz‐Batista
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV−A Km 396 Córdoba E14014 Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Córdoba Campus de Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV−A Km 396 Córdoba E14014 Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str. Moscow 117198 Russia
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Tosi P, van Klink GPM, Celzard A, Fierro V, Vincent L, de Jong E, Mija A. Auto-Crosslinked Rigid Foams Derived from Biorefinery Byproducts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2797-2809. [PMID: 29956889 PMCID: PMC6392144 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new macroporous foam-like material is presented based on autocross-linking humins, an industrial biorefinery byproduct. Humins foams are obtained by a simple heating process, without any pretreatment and with high control of morphology, porosity, and carbon content. Untreated humins have been characterized by GC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), elemental analysis, and FTIR, whereas the mechanism of foaming was elucidated by a combination of thermal and rheological analyses. A preliminary screening of conditions was conducted to identify the parameters controlling this foaming process. A foam was produced in a controlled way with open and/or closed cells with cell diameters between 0.2 and 3.5 mm. Humins foams were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, nitrogen adsorption, pycnometry, and mechanical tests. The results show that, based on humins, it is possible to obtain porous materials with controlled architectures and a range of parameters that can be tailored, depending on the foreseen applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Tosi
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR CNRS 7272Université Côte d'Azur, University of Nice Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose06108Nice cedex 2France
| | | | - Alain Celzard
- Institut Jean LamourUniversity of Lorraine27 rue Ph. Seguin, BP 2104288051Epinal cedex 9France
| | - Vanessa Fierro
- Institut Jean LamourUniversity of Lorraine27 rue Ph. Seguin, BP 2104288051Epinal cedex 9France
| | - Luc Vincent
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR CNRS 7272Université Côte d'Azur, University of Nice Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose06108Nice cedex 2France
| | - Ed de Jong
- Avantium Chemicals B.V.Zekeringstraat 291014 BVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alice Mija
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR CNRS 7272Université Côte d'Azur, University of Nice Sophia AntipolisParc Valrose06108Nice cedex 2France
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