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Letwaba J, Uyor UO, Mavhungu ML, Achuka NO, Popoola PA. A review on MOFs synthesis and effect of their structural characteristics for hydrogen adsorption. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14233-14253. [PMID: 38690110 PMCID: PMC11058478 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is causing a rise in the need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable and clean energy such as hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. The issue with hydrogen's practical storage, however, prevents it from being widely used as an energy source. Current solutions, such as liquefied and compressed hydrogen storage, are insufficient to meet the U.S. Department of Energy's (US DOE) extensive on-board application requirements. Thus, a backup strategy involving material-based storage is required. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to the category of crystalline porous materials that have seen rapid interest in the field of energy storage due to their large surface area, high pore volume, and modifiable structure. Therefore, advanced technologies employed in the construction of MOFs, such as solvothermal, mechanochemical, microwave assisted, and sonochemical methods are reviewed. Finally, this review discussed the selected factors and structural characteristics of MOFs, which affect the hydrogen capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Letwaba
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology P.M.B X680 Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Uwa Orji Uyor
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology P.M.B X680 Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Private Bag 0004 Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Mapula Lucey Mavhungu
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology P.M.B X680 Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Nwoke Oji Achuka
- Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Private Bag 0004 Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Patricia Abimbola Popoola
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology P.M.B X680 Pretoria 0001 South Africa
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2
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Mohamed MH, Elzeny I, Samuel J, Huang Y, Helal AS, Galanek M, Xu W, Kim SY, Pham T, Miller L, Hogan A, Space B, Li J, Elsaidi SK. Trailblazing Kr/Xe Separation: The Birth of the First Kr-Selective Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38647175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Efficient separation of Kr from Kr/Xe mixtures is pivotal in nuclear waste management and dark matter research. Thus far, scientists have encountered a formidable challenge: the absence of a material with the ability to selectively adsorb Kr over Xe at room temperature. This study presents a groundbreaking transformation of the renowned metal-organic framework (MOF) CuBTC, previously acknowledged for its Xe adsorption affinity, into an unparalleled Kr-selective adsorbent. This achievement stems from an innovative densification approach involving systematic compression of the MOF, where the crystal size, interparticle interaction, defects, and evacuation conditions are synergistically modulated. The resultant densified CuBTC phase exhibits exceptional mechanical resilience, radiation tolerance, and notably an unprecedented selectivity for Kr over Xe at room temperature. Simulation and experimental kinetic diffusion studies confirm reduced gas diffusion in the densified MOF, attributed to its small pore window and minimal interparticle voids. The lighter Kr element demonstrates facile surface passage and higher diffusivity within the material, while the heavier Xe encounters increased difficulty entering the material and lower diffusivity. This Kr-selective MOF not only represents a significant breakthrough in Kr separation but also demonstrates remarkable processability and scalability to kilogram levels. The findings presented herein underscore the transformative potential of engineered MOFs in addressing complex challenges, heralding a new era of Kr separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- SE-MAT Smartly Engineered Materials LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5423021, Egypt
| | - Islam Elzeny
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Joshua Samuel
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Yimeng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ahmed S Helal
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo 4710030, Egypt
| | - Mitchell Galanek
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tony Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lenore Miller
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Adam Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Brian Space
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sameh K Elsaidi
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- SE-MAT Smartly Engineered Materials LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, United States
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3
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Zhang J, Ke J, Wang B, Chen X. Plastic Avalanches in Metal-Organic Framework Crystals Due to the Dynamic Phase Mixing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54692-54701. [PMID: 37972999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The compressive properties of metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals are not only crucial for their densification process but also key in determining their performance in many applications. We herein investigated the mechanical responses of a classic crystalline MOF, HKUST-1, using in situ compression tests. A serrated flow accompanied by the unique strain avalanches was found in individual and contacting crystals before their final flattening or fracture with splitting cracks. The plastic flow with serrations is ascribed to the dynamic phase mixing due to the progressive and irreversible local phase transition in HKUST-1 crystals, as revealed by molecular dynamics and finite element simulations. Such pressure-induced phase coexistence in HKUST-1 crystals also induces a significant loading-history dependence of their Young's modulus. The observation of plastic avalanches in HKUST-1 crystals here not only expands our current understanding of the plasticity of MOF crystals but also unveils a novel mechanism for the avalanches and plastic flow in crystal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ke
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kuznicki A, Bloch ED. Optimizing volumetric surface area of UiO-66 and its functionalized analogs through compression. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26892-26895. [PMID: 37692347 PMCID: PMC10483268 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention as gas storage materials due to their exceptional surface areas and customizable pore chemistry. For applications in the storage of small molecules for vehicular transportation, achieving high volumetric capacities is crucial. In this study, we demonstrate the compression of UiO-66 and a series of its functionalized analogs at elevated pressures, resulting in the formation of robust pellets with significantly increased volumetric surface areas. The optimal compression pressure is found to be contingent on the specific nature of the functional group attached to the organic linker in the MOF material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kuznicki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Eric D Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
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5
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Çamur C, Babu R, Suárez Del Pino JA, Rampal N, Pérez-Carvajal J, Hügenell P, Ernst SJ, Silvestre-Albero J, Imaz I, Madden DG, Maspoch D, Fairen-Jimenez D. Monolithic Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Energy-Efficient Water Adsorption Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209104. [PMID: 36919615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Space cooling and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for roughly 10% of global electricity use and are responsible for ca. 1.13 gigatonnes of CO2 emissions annually. Adsorbent-based HVAC technologies have long been touted as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional refrigeration systems. However, thus far, no suitable adsorbents have been developed which overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional sorbent materials such as silica gels and zeolites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer order-of-magnitude improvements in water adsorption and regeneration energy requirements. However, the deployment of MOFs in HVAC applications has been hampered by issues related to MOF powder processing. Herein, three high-density, shaped, monolithic MOFs (UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2 , and Zr-fumarate) with exceptional volumetric gas/vapor uptake are developed-solving previous issues in MOF-HVAC deployment. The monolithic structures across the mesoporous range are visualized using small-angle X-ray scattering and lattice-gas models, giving accurate predictions of adsorption characteristics of the monolithic materials. It is also demonstrated that a fragile MOF such as Zr-fumarate can be synthesized in monolithic form with a bulk density of 0.76 gcm-3 without losing any adsorption performance, having a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.71 with a low regeneration temperature (≤ 100 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Çamur
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Robin Babu
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - José A Suárez Del Pino
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Nakul Rampal
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Javier Pérez-Carvajal
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure-ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Philipp Hügenell
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Joaquin Silvestre-Albero
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Depto. de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, E-03690, Spain
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - David G Madden
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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6
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Heterogenized Molecular Rhodium Phosphine Catalysts within Metal–Organic Frameworks for Alkene Hydroformylation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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7
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Qi X, Liu K, Lu X, Deng Y, Chang Z. Metal-organic frameworks-based microtrapper for real-time monitoring of targeted analyte and mechanism study. Talanta 2023; 253:123921. [PMID: 36126524 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid (ISF) provides important information of clinical value and physiological significance beyond blood tests for obtaining more precise health information and disease theranostics. Generally, current strategies are limited to simple extraction with time-consuming follow-up procedures. Facing challenges in efficient and real-time monitoring of target analytes in transdermal ISF, we develop metal-organic framework (MOF)-functionalized microneedle (MN) patches to achieve efficient antibiotics sampling, coupling direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). The MOF MN microtrapper is constructed in a double-layered structure with a hard core and a better tissue penetration was accomplished. The MOF-based microtrapper manifests good in-vitro and in-vivo antibiotics tracking capability with a semi-quantitative method established. Moreover, the hydrogen-bond driven interaction is clarified by using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and related computational analysis. Good penetration safety is confirmed by histological analysis with promising clinical transnationality. We anticipate MOF MN-based microdevices provide a versatile minimally invasive strategy for transdermal ISF extraction and an extendable platform for a range of target molecules monitoring, including drugs, metabolites, biomarkers, et c, with promising clinical transnationality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Kexin Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueguang Lu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ziyong Chang
- Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Ursueguía D, Daniel C, Collomb C, Cardenas C, Farrusseng D, Díaz E, Ordóñez S. Evaluation of HKUST-1 as Volatile Organic Compound Adsorbents for Respiratory Filters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14465-14474. [PMID: 36383640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclohexane is a representative of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs can cause serious health problems in case of continuous exposure; therefore, it is essential to develop efficient personal protective equipment. Historically, activated carbons are used as VOC adsorbents. However, the emergence of promising novel adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, has pushed the research to study their behavior under the same conditions. In this work, the use of the well-known HKUST-1 MOF of different particle sizes (20 μm, 300-600 μm, and 1-1.18 mm) for the adsorption of low-grade (5000 ppm) cyclohexane combined with different water concentrations (dry, 27 and 80% RH) in a fixed bed is proposed. The results were compared under the same conditions for a typically used activated carbon, PICACTIF TA 60. HKUST-1 has higher affinity to cyclohexane than PICACTIF for the whole pressure range studied, especially at low partial pressures. It begins to adsorb much earlier (0.0025 kPa) than the activated carbon (0.01 kPa). However, a different adsorption behavior is evidenced for both materials in the presence of water vapor since HKUST-1 is very hydrophilic in the zone near to the copper open metal sites, whereas PICACTIF is hydrophobic. After three consecutive cycles, good stability results were obtained for the MOF, comparable to activated carbon, even in the presence of water. As the main finding, although the unstability of HKUST-1 is well established under high humid conditions, the kinetic of degradation has not been established so far. Here, it is shown that the time usage of HKUST-1 as the adsorbent for respiratory mask (single pass) is not affected by the degradation of the structure, which may occur on a longer time scale. Finally, shaping by tableting provides good results since it is possible to increase the MOF density by around 69% with minor loss of adsorption capacity. The best fraction is 300-600 μm, reaching cyclohexane breakthrough times around 85 min/cm3 at 80% RH, comparable with PICACTIF-activated carbon and promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ursueguía
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - C Daniel
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - C Collomb
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - C Cardenas
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - D Farrusseng
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - E Díaz
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - S Ordóñez
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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9
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Li Y, Wen G, Li J, Li Q, Zhang H, Tao B, Zhang J. Synthesis and shaping of metal-organic frameworks: a review. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11488-11506. [PMID: 36165339 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess excellent advantages, such as high porosity, large specific surface area, and an adjustable structure, showing good potential for applications in gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, conductivity, sensing, magnetism, etc. However, they still suffer from significant limitations in terms of the scale-up synthesis and shaping, hindering the realization of large-scale commercial applications. Despite some attempts having been devoted to addressing this, challenges remain. In this paper, we outline the advantages and drawbacks of existing synthetic routes such as electrochemistry, microwave, ultrasonic radiation, green solvent reflux, room temperature stirring, steam-assisted transformation, mechanochemistry, and fluid chemistry in terms of scale-up production. Then, the shaping methods of MOFs such as extrusion, mechanical compaction, rolling granulation, spray drying, gel technology, embedded granulation, phase inversion, 3D printing and other shaping methods for the preparation of membranes, coatings and nanoparticles are discussed. Finally, perspectives on the large-scale synthesis and shaping of MOFs are also proposed. This work helps provide in-depth insight into the scale-up production and shaping process of MOFs and boost commercial applications of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guilin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jianzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Qingrun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Bin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
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10
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Fonseca J, Gong T. Fabrication of metal-organic framework architectures with macroscopic size: A review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Abramova A, Couzon N, Leloire M, Nerisson P, Cantrel L, Royer S, Loiseau T, Volkringer C, Dhainaut J. Extrusion-Spheronization of UiO-66 and UiO-66_NH 2 into Robust-Shaped Solids and Their Use for Gaseous Molecular Iodine, Xenon, and Krypton Adsorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10669-10680. [PMID: 35188731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of an extrusion-spheronization process was investigated to prepare robust and highly porous extrudates and granules starting from UiO-66 and UiO-66_NH2 metal-organic framework powders. As-produced materials were applied to the capture of gaseous iodine and the adsorption of xenon and krypton. In this study, biosourced chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) are used as binders, added in low amounts (less than 5 wt % of the dried solids), as well as a colloidal silica as a co-binder when required. Characterizations of the final shaped materials reveal that most physicochemical properties are retained, except the textural properties, which are impacted by the process and the proportion of binders (BET surface area reduction from 5 to 33%). On the other hand, the mechanical resistance of the shaped materials toward compression is greatly improved by the presence of binders and their respective contents, from 0.5 N for binderless UiO-66 granules to 17 N for UiO-66@HEC granules. UiO-66_NH2-based granules demonstrated consequent iodine capture after 48 h, up to 527 mg/g, in line with the pristine UiO-66_NH2 powder (565 mg/g) and proportionally to the retaining BET surface area (-5% after shaping). Analogously, the shaped materials presented xenon and krypton sorption isotherms correlated to their BET surface area and high predicted xenon/krypton selectivity, from 7.1 to 9.0. Therefore, binder-aided extrusion-spheronization is an adapted method to produce shaped solids with adequate mechanical resistance and retained functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Abramova
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nelly Couzon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maëva Leloire
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES/SEREX, Saint-Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Philippe Nerisson
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES/SEREX, Saint-Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Laurent Cantrel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES/SEREX, Saint-Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Loiseau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérémy Dhainaut
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
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Binding Materials for MOF Monolith Shaping Processes: A Review towards Real Life Application. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could be utilized for a wide range of applications such as sorption, catalysis, chromatography, energy storage, sensors, drug delivery, and nonlinear optics. However, to date, there are very few examples of MOFs exploited on a commercial scale. Nevertheless, progress in MOF-related research is currently paving the way to new industrial opportunities, fostering applications and processes interconnecting fundamental chemistry with engineering and relevant sectors. Yet, the fabrication of porous MOF materials within resistant structures is a key challenge impeding their wide commercial use for processes such as adsorptive separation. In fact, the integration of nano-scale MOF crystallic structures into bulk components that can maintain the desired characteristics, i.e., size, shape, and mechanical stability, is a prerequisite for their wide practical use in many applications. At the same time, it requires sophisticated shaping techniques that can structure nano/micro-crystalline fine powders of MOFs into diverse types of macroscopic bodies such as monoliths. Under this framework, this review aims to bridge the gap between research advances and industrial necessities for fostering MOF applications into real life. Therefore, it critically explores recent advances in the shaping and production of MOF macro structures with regard to the binding materials that have received little attention to date, but have the potential to give new perspectives in the industrial applicability of MOFs. Moreover, it proposes future paths that can be adopted from both academy and industry and can further boost MOF exploitation.
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13
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Wang TC, Wright AM, Hoover WJ, Stoffel KJ, Richardson RK, Rodriguez S, Flores RC, Siegfried JP, Vermeulen NA, Fuller PE, Weston MH, Farha OK, Morris W. Surviving Under Pressure: The Role of Solvent, Crystal Size, and Morphology During Pelletization of Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52106-52112. [PMID: 34383458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) gain traction for applications, such as hydrogen storage, it is essential to form the as-synthesized powder materials into shaped bodies with high packing densities to maximize their volumetric performance. Mechanical compaction, which involves compressing the materials at high pressure, has been reported to yield high monolith density but often results in a significant loss in accessible porosity. Herein, we sought to systematically control (1) crystal size, (2) solvation, and (3) compacting pressure in the pelletization process to achieve high packing density without compromising the porosity that makes MOFs functional. It was determined that solvation is the most critical factor among the three factors examined. Solvation that exceeds the pore volume prevents the framework from collapsing, allowing for porosity to be maintained through pelletization. Higher pelletization pressure results in higher packing density, with extensive loss of porosity being observed at a higher pressure if the solvation is below the pore volume. Lastly, we observed that the morphology and size of the MOF particles result in variation in the highest achievable packing efficiency, but these numbers (75%) are still greater than many existing techniques used to form MOFs. We concluded that the application of pressure through pelletization is a suitable and widely applicable technique for forming high-density MOF-monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Wang
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Ashley M Wright
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - William J Hoover
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Kevin J Stoffel
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Rodriguez
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Roberto C Flores
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - John P Siegfried
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | | | - Patrick E Fuller
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Mitchell H Weston
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William Morris
- NuMat Technologies, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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14
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Madden DG, Babu R, Çamur C, Rampal N, Silvestre-Albero J, Curtin T, Fairen-Jimenez D. Monolithic metal-organic frameworks for carbon dioxide separation. Faraday Discuss 2021; 231:51-65. [PMID: 34235530 PMCID: PMC8517963 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is both a primary contributor to global warming and a major industrial impurity. Traditional approaches to carbon capture involve corrosive and energy-intensive processes such as liquid amine absorption. Although adsorptive separation has long been a promising alternative to traditional processes, up to this point there has been a lack of appropriate adsorbents capable of capturing CO2 whilst maintaining low regeneration energies. In the context of CO2 capture, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained much attention in the past two decades as potential materials. Their tuneable nature allows for precise control over the pore size and chemistry, which allows for the tailoring of their properties for the selective adsorption of CO2. While many candidate materials exist, the amount of research into material shaping for use in industrial processes has been limited. Traditional shaping strategies such as pelletisation involve the use of binders and/or mechanical processes, which can have a detrimental impact on the adsorption properties of the resulting materials or can result in low-density structures with low volumetric adsorption capacities. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a series of monolithic MOFs (monoUiO-66, monoUiO-66-NH2 & monoHKUST-1) for use in gas separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Madden
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Robin Babu
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Ceren Çamur
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Nakul Rampal
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Joaquin Silvestre-Albero
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, E-03690, Spain
| | - Teresa Curtin
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
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15
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Bazargan M, Ghaemi F, Amiri A, Mirzaei M. Metal–organic framework-based sorbents in analytical sample preparation. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Zheng B, Gao K, Tian D, Yao W, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang J. Residual Guest-Assisted MOF-5 Powder Densification. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13419-13424. [PMID: 34382771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Powder densification for specified shaped metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is desirable for most applications. The obtainment of such properties is challenging, one of which is the rapid crystal-to-amorphous transition (framework collapse) of MOFs under pressure. Herein, we found that the residual guests of the MOF-5 synthesis process could form binding groups based on the hydrogen-bonding networks of water. The improved processability and ease of compression, which did not promote rapid structure collapse, can be achieved in the guest-loaded MOF-5. Correspondingly, enhanced volumetric specific surface area and methane uptake of MOF-5 were obtained. This work focuses on a commonly neglected but positive function of the residual guests in MOFs, besides supporting the framework. MOFs loaded with multiple types of guests show attractive mechanical properties via guest-guest and guest-host interactions for powder densification, highlighting their commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ke Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Dong Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Wanting Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Lianli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Jinlei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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17
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Terracina A, McHugh LN, Mazaj M, Vrtovec N, Agnello S, Cannas M, Gelardi FM, Morris RE, Buscarino G. Structure Effects Induced by High Mechanical Compaction of STAM‐17‐OEt MOF Powders. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Terracina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè Università di Palermo Palermo 90123 Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Catania Palermo 95123 Italy
| | - Lauren N. McHugh
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews, Purdie Building St Andrews United Kingdom
| | - Matjaz Mazaj
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
| | - Nika Vrtovec
- National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
- Faculty of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology University of Ljubljana Večna po 113 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Simonpietro Agnello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè Università di Palermo Palermo 90123 Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè Università di Palermo Palermo 90123 Italy
| | - Franco M. Gelardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè Università di Palermo Palermo 90123 Italy
| | - Russell E. Morris
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews, Purdie Building St Andrews United Kingdom
| | - Gianpiero Buscarino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè Università di Palermo Palermo 90123 Italy
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18
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Abstract
Physical adsorption remains a promising method for achieving fast, reversible hydrogen storage at both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Research in this area has recently shifted to focus primarily on the volumetric (H2 stored/delivered per volume) gains achieved within an adsorptive storage system over that of pure H2 compression; however, the methodology for estimating a volumetric stored or delivered amount requires several assumptions related to the ultimate packing of the adsorbent material into an actual storage system volume. In this work, we critically review the different assumptions commonly employed, and thereby categorize and compare the volumetric storage and delivery across numerous different porous materials including benchmark metal-organic frameworks, porous carbons, and zeolites. In several cases, there is a significant gain in both storage and delivery by the addition of an adsorbent to the high-pressure H2 storage system over that of pure compression, even at room temperature. Lightweight, low-density materials remain the optimal adsorbents at low temperature, while higher density, open metal-containing frameworks are necessary for high-density room temperature storage and delivery.
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19
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20
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Wang Z, Schmalbach KM, Combs RL, Chen Y, Penn RL, Mara NA, Stein A. Effects of Phase Purity and Pore Reinforcement on Mechanical Behavior of NU-1000 and Silica-Infiltrated NU-1000 Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49971-49981. [PMID: 33079519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have shown promise in many applications, ranging from gas storage to absorption and catalysis. Because of the high porosity and low density of many MOFs, densification methods such as pelletization and extrusion are needed for practical use and for commercialization of MOF materials. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanical properties of MOFs and to develop methods of further enhancing their mechanical strength. Here, we demonstrate the influence of phase purity and the presence of a pore-reinforcing component on elastic modulus and yield stress of NU-1000 MOFs through nanoindentation methods and finite element simulation. Three types of NU-1000 single crystals were compared: phase-pure NU-1000 prepared with biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid as a modulator (NU-1000-bip), NU-1000 prepared with benzoic acid as a modulator (NU-1000-ben), which results in an additional, denser impurity phase of NU-901, and NU-1000-bip whose mesopores were infiltrated with silica (SiOx(OH)y@NU-1000) by nanocasting methods. By maintaining phase purity and minimizing defects, the elastic modulus could be enhanced by nearly an order of magnitude: phase-pure NU-1000-bip crystals exhibited an elastic modulus of 21 GPa, whereas the value for NU-1000-ben crystals was only 3 GPa. The introduction of silica into the mesopores of NU-1000-bip did not strongly affect the measured elastic modulus (19 GPa) but significantly increased the load at failure from 2000 μN to 3000-4000 μN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kevin M Schmalbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rebecca L Combs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Youxing Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - R Lee Penn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nathan A Mara
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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21
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Korman KJ, Decker GE, Dworzak MR, Deegan MM, Antonio AM, Taggart GA, Bloch ED. Using Low-Pressure Methane Adsorption Isotherms for Higher-Throughput Screening of Methane Storage Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40318-40327. [PMID: 32786240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A useful correlation between the low-pressure (up to 1.2 bar), low-temperature (195 K) and high-pressure (up to 65 bar), room temperature (298 K) methane storage properties of a range of porous materials is reported. Methane isotherms under these two sets of conditions show a remarkable agreement in both equilibrium adsorption and deliverable capacities for materials with pore volumes that are less than approximately 0.80 cm3/g. This trend holds well for the suite of metal-organic frameworks and porous coordination cages we studied, in addition to a zeolite and porous organic cage. Although it is well known that gravimetric gas storage capacity trends with gravimetric surface area, the 1.2 bar, 195 K excess adsorption capacity of a given framework is a better indicator of its room temperature, 65 bar capacity. Given the significantly smaller sample quantities needed for low-pressure measurements, greater accessibility to researchers around the world, accuracy of the measurement, and higher throughput, we envision this method as a rapid screening tool for the identification of methane storage materials. As excess/total adsorption and gravimetric/volumetric adsorption can be interconverted by simple utilization of the scalar quantities of pore volume or density, respectively, this method can be easily adapted to obtain both gravimetric and volumetric total adsorption capacities for a given adsorbent. In terms of volumetric methane adsorption, we further investigate the relationship between crystallographic and bulk density for the adsorbents studied here. With this analysis, it becomes apparent that in the absence of novel synthetic approaches, reported volumetric storage capacities should be viewed as an optimistic upper limit for a given material and not necessarily a true reflection of its actual adsorption properties as most MOFs have bulk densities that are less than half of their crystallographic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Korman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Gerald E Decker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michael R Dworzak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Meaghan M Deegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexandra M Antonio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Garrett A Taggart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Eric D Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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22
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Bambalaza SE, Langmi HW, Mokaya R, Musyoka NM, Khotseng LE. Experimental Demonstration of Dynamic Temperature-Dependent Behavior of UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework: Compaction of Hydroxylated and Dehydroxylated Forms of UiO-66 for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24883-24894. [PMID: 32392036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure (700 MPa or ∼100 000 psi) compaction of dehydroxylated and hydroxylated UiO-66 for H2 storage applications is reported. The dehydroxylation reaction was found to occur between 150 and 300 °C. The H2 uptake capacity of powdered hydroxylated UiO-66 reaches 4.6 wt % at 77 K and 100 bar, which is 21% higher than that of dehydroxylated UiO-66 (3.8 wt %). On compaction, the H2 uptake capacity of dehydroxylated UiO-66 pellets reduces by 66% from 3.8 to 1.3 wt %, while for hydroxylated UiO-66 the pellets show only a 9% reduction in capacity from 4.6 to 4.2 wt %. This implies that the H2 uptake capacity of compacted hydroxylated UiO-66 is at least three times higher than that of dehydroxylated UiO-66, and therefore, hydroxylated UiO-66 is more promising for hydrogen storage applications. The H2 uptake capacity is closely related to compaction-induced changes in the porosity of UiO-66. The effect of compaction is greatest in partially dehydroxylated UiO-66 samples that are thermally treated at 200 and 290 °C. These compacted samples exhibit XRD patterns indicative of an amorphous material, low porosity (surface area reduces from between 700 and 1300 m2/g to ca. 200 m2/g and pore volume from between 0.4 and 0.6 cm3/g to 0.1 and 0.15 cm3/g), and very low hydrogen uptake (0.7-0.9 wt % at 77 K and 100 bar). The observed activation-temperature-induced dynamic behavior of UiO-66 is unusual for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and has previously only been reported in computational studies. After compaction at 700 MPa, the structural properties and H2 uptake of hydroxylated UiO-66 remain relatively unchanged but are extremely compromised upon compaction of dehydroxylated UiO-66. Therefore, UiO-66 responds in a dynamic manner to changes in activation temperature within the range in which it has hitherto been considered stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonwabo E Bambalaza
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Energy Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Henrietta W Langmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Robert Mokaya
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M Musyoka
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Energy Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Lindiwe E Khotseng
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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23
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Connolly BM, Madden DG, Wheatley AEH, Fairen-Jimenez D. Shaping the Future of Fuel: Monolithic Metal-Organic Frameworks for High-Density Gas Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8541-8549. [PMID: 32294384 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The environmental benefits of cleaner, gaseous fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen are widely reported. Yet, practical usage of these fuels is inhibited by current gas storage technology. Here, we discuss the wide-ranging potential of gas-fuels to revolutionize the energy sector and introduce the limitations of current storage technology that prevent this transition from taking place. The practical capabilities of adsorptive gas storage using porous, crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are examined with regard to recent benchmark results and ultimate storage targets in this field. In particular, the industrial limitations of typically powdered MOFs are discussed while recent breakthroughs in MOF processing are highlighted. We offer our perspective on the future of practical, rather than purely academic, MOF developments in the increasingly critical field of environmental fuel storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Connolly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - David G Madden
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E H Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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24
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Poryvaev AS, Polyukhov DM, Fedin MV. Mitigation of Pressure-Induced Amorphization in Metal-Organic Framework ZIF-8 upon EPR Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16655-16661. [PMID: 32188247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-induced amorphization is one of the processes inhibiting functional properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Such amorphization often occurs when MOFs are being shaped for practical applications, as well as during certain exploitations. Typically, the porosity of MOFs, which is crucial for sorption, separation, and catalysis, suffers under external pressure. We report a new experimental approach for efficient monitoring of pressure-induced processes in MOFs that employs trace amounts of spin probes (stable nitroxide radicals) embedded in the pores of MOF and detection by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). EPR spectra of spin probes in MOF ZIF-8 demonstrate significant changes upon pressure-induced amorphization, whose extent can be quantitatively determined from the spectral shapes. Moreover, stabilization of ZIF-8 against amorphization via reversible adsorption of various guests was studied using this approach. Mitigation effect depends on diffusion parameters and localization of guest molecules in the cavity, and maintaining of the structure and permeability up to 80% was achieved even at 1.15 GPa applied. Therefore, the proposed methodology allows significant mitigation of MOF amorphization under external pressure and conveys further perspectives of the controlled adjustment of stabilizing agents for various MOFs and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Poryvaev
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Matvey V Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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25
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Dhainaut J, Bonneau M, Ueoka R, Kanamori K, Furukawa S. Formulation of Metal-Organic Framework Inks for the 3D Printing of Robust Microporous Solids toward High-Pressure Gas Storage and Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10983-10992. [PMID: 32045200 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The shaping of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has become increasingly studied over the past few years, because it represents a major bottleneck toward their further applications at a larger scale. MOF-based macroscale solids should present performances similar to those of their powder counterparts, along with adequate mechanical resistance. Three-dimensional printing is a promising technology as it allows the fast prototyping of materials at the macroscale level; however, the large amounts of added binders have a detrimental effect on the porous properties of the solids. Herein, a 3D printer was modified to prepare a variety of MOF-based solids with controlled morphologies from shear-thinning inks containing 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. Four benchmark MOFs were tested for this purpose: HKUST-1, CPL-1, ZIF-8, and UiO-66-NH2. All solids are mechanically stable with up to 0.6 MPa of uniaxial compression and highly porous with BET specific surface areas lowered by 0 to -25%. Furthermore, these solids were applied to high-pressure hydrocarbon sorption (CH4, C2H4, and C2H6), for which they presented a consequent methane gravimetric uptake (UiO-66-NH2, ZIF-8, and HKUST-1) and a highly preferential adsorption of ethylene over ethane (CPL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dhainaut
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mickaële Bonneau
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Ueoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
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26
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Hou J, Sapnik AF, Bennett TD. Metal-organic framework gels and monoliths. Chem Sci 2020; 11:310-323. [PMID: 32153752 PMCID: PMC7021205 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04961d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has, to date, largely been in the form of crystalline powders. However, interest in different physical morphologies of this class of materials is growing. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the structure, properties and applications of MOF monoliths. In particular, we explore the complex synthetic landscapes associated with MOF crystallization and discuss the synthetic factors leading to the formation of MOF gels, i.e. the precursor to sol-gel MOF monoliths. Finally, we provide our thoughts on the future development of this field, and attempt to highlight the importance of the MOF gel state in the discovery of new functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Hou
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge , CB3 0FS , UK .
| | - Adam F Sapnik
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge , CB3 0FS , UK .
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge , CB3 0FS , UK .
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27
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Kalaj M, Bentz KC, Ayala S, Palomba JM, Barcus KS, Katayama Y, Cohen SM. MOF-Polymer Hybrid Materials: From Simple Composites to Tailored Architectures. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8267-8302. [PMID: 31895556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are inherently crystalline, brittle porous solids. Conversely, polymers are flexible, malleable, and processable solids that are used for a broad range of commonly used technologies. The stark differences between the nature of MOFs and polymers has motivated efforts to hybridize crystalline MOFs and flexible polymers to produce composites that retain the desired properties of these disparate materials. Importantly, studies have shown that MOFs can be used to influence polymer structure, and polymers can be used to modulate MOF growth and characteristics. In this Review, we highlight the development and recent advances in the synthesis of MOF-polymer mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) and applications of these MMMs in gas and liquid separations and purifications, including aqueous applications such as dye removal, toxic heavy metal sequestration, and desalination. Other elegant ways of synthesizing MOF-polymer hybrid materials, such as grafting polymers to and from MOFs, polymerization of polymers within MOFs, using polymers to template MOFs, and the bottom-up synthesis of polyMOFs and polyMOPs are also discussed. This review highlights recent papers in the advancement of MOF-polymer hybrid materials, as well as seminal reports that significantly advanced the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kalaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kyle C Bentz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Sergio Ayala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Joseph M Palomba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kyle S Barcus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yuji Katayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.,Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji-city, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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28
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Mechanical Properties of Shaped Metal–Organic Frameworks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:25. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
We reported a systematic approach aimed at identifying the optimal conditions for compaction of MOF-801, a small-pore zirconium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) containing fumaric acid as the linker, that can be easily synthesised in aqueous medium. Pellets of the MOF were prepared by compressing the powder either in neat form or dry-mixed with binders (sucrose, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylbutyral) under a range of pressures and for different times. The mechanical stability and durability of the pellets was tested by simple drop tests and shake tests, finding that addition of 5% of polyvinylbutyral was enough to produce highly resilient pellets that did not release significant amounts of powder upon cracking. The crystallinity, textural properties and CO2 adsorption performance of the MOF were successively assessed, observing the least change of the original properties in pellets compressed at 146 MPa for 15 s. Compaction at higher pressures impacted the performance more heavily, with no evident benefit from the mechanical point of view, whereas compression time did not have a relevant effect. The cyclic adsorption behaviour was tested, showing that the pellets retained as much as 90% of the CO2 working capacity, while displaying unaffected sorption kinetics, and 74% of the H2O working capacity.
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Connolly BM, Aragones-Anglada M, Gandara-Loe J, Danaf NA, Lamb DC, Mehta JP, Vulpe D, Wuttke S, Silvestre-Albero J, Moghadam PZ, Wheatley AEH, Fairen-Jimenez D. Tuning porosity in macroscopic monolithic metal-organic frameworks for exceptional natural gas storage. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2345. [PMID: 31138802 PMCID: PMC6538620 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread access to greener energy is required in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. A significant barrier to cleaner natural gas usage lies in the safety/efficiency limitations of storage technology. Despite highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrating record-breaking gas-storage capacities, their conventionally powdered morphology renders them non-viable. Traditional powder shaping utilising high pressure or chemical binders collapses porosity or creates low-density structures with reduced volumetric adsorption capacity. Here, we report the engineering of one of the most stable MOFs, Zr-UiO-66, without applying pressure or binders. The process yields centimetre-sized monoliths, displaying high microporosity and bulk density. We report the inclusion of variable, narrow mesopore volumes to the monoliths’ macrostructure and use this to optimise the pore-size distribution for gas uptake. The optimised mixed meso/microporous monoliths demonstrate Type II adsorption isotherms to achieve benchmark volumetric working capacities for methane and carbon dioxide. This represents a critical advance in the design of air-stable, conformed MOFs for commercial gas storage. While metal–organic frameworks exhibit record-breaking gas storage capacities, their typically powdered form hinders their industrial applicability. Here, the authors engineer UiO-66 into centimetre-sized monoliths with optimal pore-size distributions, achieving benchmark volumetric working capacities for both CH4 and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Connolly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Adsorption & Advanced Materials (AAM) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - M Aragones-Anglada
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials (AAM) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - J Gandara-Loe
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente-Alicante s/n, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - N A Danaf
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Univerität, München (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - D C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Univerität, München (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - J P Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Adsorption & Advanced Materials (AAM) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - D Vulpe
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials (AAM) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - S Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Univerität, München (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 11, 81377, Munich, Germany.,School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - J Silvestre-Albero
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente-Alicante s/n, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - P Z Moghadam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - A E H Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - D Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials (AAM) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Dr, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
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31
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Hybridization of metal–organic framework and monodisperse spherical silica for chromatographic separation of xylene isomers. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Khabzina Y, Dhainaut J, Ahlhelm M, Richter HJ, Reinsch H, Stock N, Farrusseng D. Synthesis and Shaping Scale-up Study of Functionalized UiO-66 MOF for Ammonia Air Purification Filters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoldes Khabzina
- Université de Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5256, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l’environnement, IRCELYON, 2 Ave Albert Einstein, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeremy Dhainaut
- Université de Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5256, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l’environnement, IRCELYON, 2 Ave Albert Einstein, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matthias Ahlhelm
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Juergen Richter
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Helge Reinsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, CAU Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- MOF Application
Services, 25-27 rue Tronchet, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, CAU Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - David Farrusseng
- Université de Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5256, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l’environnement, IRCELYON, 2 Ave Albert Einstein, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Rogge SMJ, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Reliably Modeling the Mechanical Stability of Rigid and Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:138-148. [PMID: 29155552 PMCID: PMC5772196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have matured from interesting academic peculiarities toward a continuously expanding class of hybrid, nanoporous materials tuned for targeted technological applications such as gas storage and heterogeneous catalysis. These oft-times crystalline materials, composed of inorganic moieties interconnected by organic ligands, can be endowed with desired structural and chemical features by judiciously functionalizing or substituting these building blocks. As a result of this reticular synthesis, MOF research is situated at the intriguing intersection between chemistry and physics, and the building block approach could pave the way toward the construction of an almost infinite number of possible crystalline structures, provided that they exhibit stability under the desired operational conditions. However, this enormous potential is largely untapped to date, as MOFs have not yet found a major breakthrough in technological applications. One of the remaining challenges for this scale-up is the densification of MOF powders, which is generally achieved by subjecting the material to a pressurization step. However, application of an external pressure may substantially alter the chemical and physical properties of the material. A reliable theoretical guidance that can presynthetically identify the most stable materials could help overcome this technological challenge. In this Account, we describe the recent research the progress on computational characterization of the mechanical stability of MOFs. So far, three complementary approaches have been proposed, focusing on different aspects of mechanical stability: (i) the Born stability criteria, (ii) the anisotropy in mechanical moduli such as the Young and shear moduli, and (iii) the pressure-versus-volume equations of state. As these three methods are grounded in distinct computational approaches, it is expected that their accuracy and efficiency will vary. To date, however, it is unclear which set of properties are suited and reliable for a given application, as a comprehensive comparison for a broad variety of MOFs is absent, impeding the widespread use of these theoretical frameworks. Herein, we fill this gap by critically assessing the performance of the three computational models on a broad set of MOFs that are representative for current applications. These materials encompass the mechanically rigid UiO-66(Zr) and MOF-5(Zn) as well as the flexible MIL-47(V) and MIL-53(Al), which undergo pressure-induced phase transitions. It is observed that the Born stability criteria and pressure-versus-volume equations of state give complementary insight into the macroscopic and microscopic origins of instability, respectively. However, interpretation of the Born stability criteria becomes increasingly difficult when less symmetric materials are considered. Moreover, pressure fluctuations during the simulations hamper their accuracy for flexible materials. In contrast, the pressure-versus-volume equations of state are determined in a thermodynamic ensemble specifically targeted to mitigate the effects of these instantaneous fluctuations, yielding more accurate results. The critical Account presented here paves the way toward a solid computational framework for an extensive presynthetic screening of MOFs to select those that are mechanically stable and can be postsynthetically densified before their use in targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M. J. Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling
(CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling
(CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling
(CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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