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Magro N, Oteo M, Romero E, Ibáñez-Moragues M, Lujan VM, Martínez L, Vela O, López-Melero ME, Arroyo AG, Garaulet G, Martínez-Torrecuadrada JL, Mulero F, Morcillo MA. Target engagement of an anti-MT1-MMP antibody for triple-negative breast cancer PET imaging and beta therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 136-137:108930. [PMID: 38833768 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks effective diagnostic and therapeutic options. Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is an attractive biomarker for improving patient selection. This study aimed to develop a theranostic tool using a highly tumour-selective anti-MT1-MMP antibody (LEM2/15) radiolabelled with 89Zr for PET and 177Lu for therapy in a TNBC murine model. METHODS The LEM2/15 antibody and IgG isotype control were radiolabelled with 89Zr. PET imaging was performed in a TNBC orthotopic mouse model at 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after administration. Tissue biodistribution and pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed and Patlak linearisation was used to calculate the influx rate of irreversible uptake. The TNBC mice were treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LEM2/15 (single- or 3-dose regimen) or saline. Efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LEM2/15 was evaluated as tumour growth and DNA damage (γH2AX) in MDA 231-BrM2-831 tumours. RESULTS At 7 days post-injection, PET uptake in tumour xenografts revealed a 1.6-fold and 2.4-fold higher tumour-to-blood ratio for [89Zr]Zr-Df-LEM2/15 in the non-blocked group compared to the blocked and IgG isotype control groups, respectively. Specific uptake of LEM2/15 in TBNC tumours mediated by MT1-MMP-binding was demonstrated by the Patlak linearisation method, providing insights into the potential efficacy of LEM2/15-based treatments. A similar uptake was found for [89Zr]Zr-Df-LEM2/15 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LEM2/15 in tumours 7 days post-injection (6.80 ± 1.31 vs. 5.61 ± 0.66 %ID/g). Tumour doubling time was longer in the [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LEM2/15 3-dose regimen treated group compared to the control (50 vs. 17 days, respectively). The percentage of cells with γH2AX-foci was higher in tumours treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LEM2/15 3-dose regimen compared to tumours non-treated or treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LEM2/15 single-dose (12 % vs. 4-5 %). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the 89Zr/177Lu-labelled anti-MT1-MMP mAb (LEM2/15) pair facilitated immune-PET imaging and reduced tumour growth in a preclinical TNBC xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Magro
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Manuel Lujan
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Vela
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Garaulet
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Morcillo
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
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Rudd SE, Noor A, Morgan KA, Donnelly PS. Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging with Zirconium-89 Desferrioxamine B Squaramide: From Bench to Bedside. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1421-1433. [PMID: 38666539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusMolecular imaging with antibodies radiolabeled with positron-emitting radionuclides combines the affinity and selectivity of antibodies with the sensitivity of Positron Emission Tomography (PET). PET imaging allows the visualization and quantification of the biodistribution of the injected radiolabeled antibody, which can be used to characterize specific biological interactions in individual patients. This characterization can provide information about the engagement of the antibody with a molecular target such as receptors present in elevated levels in tumors as well as providing insight into the distribution and clearance of the antibody. Potential applications of clinical PET with radiolabeled antibodies include identifying patients for targeted therapies, characterization of heterogeneous disease, and monitoring treatment response.Antibodies often take several days to clear from the blood pool and localize in tumors, so PET imaging with radiolabeled antibodies requires the use of a radionuclide with a similar radioactive half-life. Zirconium-89 is a positron-emitting radionuclide that has a radioactive half-life of 78 h and relatively low positron emission energy that is well suited to radiolabeling antibodies. It is essential that the zirconium-89 radionuclide be attached to the antibody through chemistry that provides an agent that is stable in vivo with respect to the dissociation of the radionuclide without compromising the biological activity of the antibody.This Account focuses on our research using a simple derivative of the bacterial siderophore desferrioxamine (DFO) with a squaramide ester functional group, DFO-squaramide (DFOSq), to link the chelator to antibodies. In our work, we produce conjugates with an average ∼4 chelators per antibody, and this does not compromise the binding of the antibody to the target. The resulting antibody conjugates of DFOSq are stable and can be easily radiolabeled with zirconium-89 in high radiochemical yields and purity. Automated methods for the radiolabeling of DFOSq-antibody conjugates have been developed to support multicenter clinical trials. Evaluation of several DFOSq conjugates with antibodies and low molecular weight targeting agents in tumor mouse models gave PET images with high tumor uptake and low background. The promising preclinical results supported the translation of this chemistry to human clinical trials using two different radiolabeled antibodies. The potential clinical impact of these ongoing clinical trials is discussed.The use of DFOSq to radiolabel relatively low molecular weight targeting molecules, peptides, and peptide mimetics is also presented. Low molecular weight molecules typically clear the blood pool and accumulate in target tissue more rapidly than antibodies, so they are usually radiolabeled with positron-emitting radionuclides with shorter radioactive half-lives such as fluorine-18 (t1/2 ∼ 110 min) or gallium-68 (t1/2 ∼ 68 min). Radiolabeling peptides and peptide mimetics with zirconium-89, with its longer radioactive half-life (t1/2 = 78 h), could facilitate the centralized manufacture and distribution of radiolabeled tracers. In addition, the ability to image patients at later time points with zirconium-89 based agents (e.g. 4-24 h after injection) may also allow the delineation of small or low-uptake disease sites as the delayed imaging results in increased clearance of the tracer from nontarget tissue and lower background signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine A Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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Albanese V, Roccatello C, Pacifico S, Guerrini R, Preti D, Gentili S, Tegoni M, Remelli M, Bellotti D, Amico J, Gorgoni G, Cazzola E. Bifunctional octadentate pseudopeptides as Zirconium-89 chelators for immuno-PET applications. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38705946 PMCID: PMC11070408 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive method that provides fine resolution images, useful in the field of clinical diagnostics. In this context, Zirconium-89 (89Zr)-based imaging agents have represented a great challenge in molecular imaging with immuno-PET, which employs antibodies (mAbs) as biological vectors. Indeed, immuno-PET requires radionuclides that can be attached to the mAb to provide stable in vivo conjugates, and for this purpose, the radioactive element should have a decay half-life compatible with the time needed for the biodistribution of the immunoglobulin. In this regard, 89Zr is an ideal radioisotope for immuno-PET because its half-life perfectly matches the in vivo pharmacokinetics of mAbs. RESULTS The main objective of this work was the design and synthesis of a series of bifunctional octadentate pseudopeptides able to generate stable 89Zr complexes. To achieve this, here we investigated hydroxamate, N-methylhydroxamate and catecholate chelating moieties in complexing radioactive zirconium. N-methylhydroxamate proved to be the most effective 89Zr-chelating group. Furthermore, the increased flexibility and hydrophilicity obtained by using polyoxyethylene groups spacing the hydroxamate units led to chelators capable of rapidly forming (15 min) stable and water-soluble complexes with 89Zr under mild reaction conditions (aqueous environment, room temperature, and physiological pH) that are mandatory for complexation reactions involving biomolecules. Additionally, we report challenge experiments with the competitor ligand EDTA and metal ions such as Fe3+, Zn2+ and Cu2+. In all examined conditions, the chelators demonstrated stability against transmetallation. Finally, a maleimide moiety was introduced to apply one of the most promising ligands in bioconjugation reactions through Thiol-Michael chemistry. CONCLUSION Combining solid phase and solution synthesis techniques, we identified novel 89Zr-chelating molecules with a peptide scaffold. The adopted chemical design allowed modulation of molecular flexibility, hydrophilicity, as well as the decoration with different zirconium chelating groups. Best results in terms of 89Zr-chelating properties were achieved with the N-methyl hydroxamate moiety. The Zirconium complexes obtained with the most effective compounds were water-soluble, stable to transmetallation, and resistant to peptidases for at least 6 days. Further studies are needed to assess the potential of this novel class of molecules as Zirconium-chelating agents for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Palazzo Turchi di Bagno, C.So Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Chiara Roccatello
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Remelli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Denise Bellotti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jonathan Amico
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Gorgoni
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cazzola
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
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Mangin F, Fonquernie O, Jewula P, Brandès S, Penouilh MJ, Bonnin Q, Vincent B, Espinosa E, Aubert E, Meyer M, Chambron JC. Combining Desferriferrioxamine B and 1-Hydroxy-2-Piperidone ((PIPO)H) to Chelate Zirconium. Solution Structure of a Model Complex of the [ 89Zr]Zr-DFOcyclo*-mAb Radioimmunoconjugate. Chempluschem 2024:e202400062. [PMID: 38613508 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
89Zr-immunoPET is a hot topic as 89Zr cumulates the advantages of 64Cu and 124I without their drawbacks. We report the synthesis of a model ligand of a chiral bioconjugable tetrahydroxamic chelator combining the desferriferrioxamine B siderophore and 1-hydroxy-2-piperidone ((PIPO)H), a chiral cyclic hydroxamic acid derivative, and the study by NMR spectroscopy of its zirconium complex. Nuclear Overhauser effect measurements (ROESY) indicated that the complex exists in the form of two diastereomers, in 77 : 23 ratio, resulting from the combination of the central chiralities at the 3-C of the (PIPO)H component and at the Zr4+ cation. The 44 lowest energy structures out of more than 1000 configurations/conformations returned by calculations based on density functional theory were examined. Comparison of the ROESY data and the calculated interatomic H⋅⋅⋅H distances allowed us to select the most probable configuration and conformations of the major complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Mangin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Osian Fonquernie
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marie-José Penouilh
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Bonnin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
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5
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Shohel M, Bustos J, Roseborough A, Nyman M. Pertechnetate/perrhenate-capped Zr/Hf-Dihydroxide Dimers: Elucidating Zr-TcO 4 Co-Mobility in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303218. [PMID: 38109648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Spent nuclear fuel contains heavy element fission products that must be separated for effective reprocessing for a safe and sustainable nuclear fuel cycle. 93 Zr and 99 Tc are high-yield fission products that co-transport in liquid-liquid extraction processes. Here we seek atomic-level information of this co-extraction process, as well as fundamental knowledge about ZrIV (and HfIV ) aqueous speciation in the presence of topology-directing ligands such as pertechnetate (TcO4 - ) and non-radioactive surrogate perrhenate (ReO4 - ). In this context, we show that the flat tetrameric oxyhydroxyl-cluster [MIV 4 (OH)8 (H2 O)16 ]8+ (and related polymers) is dissociated by perrhenate/pertechnetate to yield isostructural dimers, M2 (OH)2 (XO4 - )6 (H2 O)6 ⋅ 3H2 O (M=Zr/HfIV ; X=Re/TcVII ), elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We used these model compounds to understand the pervasive 93 Zr-99 Tc coextraction with further speciation studies in water, nitric acid, and tetrabutylphosphate (TBP) -kerosene; where the latter two media are relevant to nuclear fuel reprocessing. SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering), compositional evaluation, and where experimentally feasible, ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) showed that perrhenate/pertechnetate influence Zr/HfIV -speciation in water. In Zr-XO4 solvent extraction studies to simulate fuel reprocessing, we provide evidence that TcO4 - enhances extraction of ZrIV , and compositional analysis of the extracted metal-complexes (Zr-ReO4 study) is consistent with the crystallized ZrIV 2 (OH)2 (ReVII O4 - )6 (H2 O)6 ⋅dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shohel
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Jenna Bustos
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | | | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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Calatayud DG, Lledos M, Casarsa F, Pascu SI. Functional Diversity in Radiolabeled Nanoceramics and Related Biomaterials for the Multimodal Imaging of Tumors. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:389-417. [PMID: 37876497 PMCID: PMC10591303 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology advances have the potential to assist toward the earlier detection of diseases, giving increased accuracy for diagnosis and helping to personalize treatments, especially in the case of noncommunicative diseases (NCDs) such as cancer. The main advantage of nanoparticles, the scaffolds underpinning nanomedicine, is their potential to present multifunctionality: synthetic nanoplatforms for nanomedicines can be tailored to support a range of biomedical imaging modalities of relevance for clinical practice, such as, for example, optical imaging, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). A single nanoparticle has the potential to incorporate myriads of contrast agent units or imaging tracers, encapsulate, and/or be conjugated to different combinations of imaging tags, thus providing the means for multimodality diagnostic methods. These arrangements have been shown to provide significant improvements to the signal-to-noise ratios that may be obtained by molecular imaging techniques, for example, in PET diagnostic imaging with nanomaterials versus the cases when molecular species are involved as radiotracers. We surveyed some of the main discoveries in the simultaneous incorporation of nanoparticulate materials and imaging agents within highly kinetically stable radio-nanomaterials as potential tracers with (pre)clinical potential. Diversity in function and new developments toward synthesis, radiolabeling, and microscopy investigations are explored, and preclinical applications in molecular imaging are highlighted. The emphasis is on the biocompatible materials at the forefront of the main preclinical developments, e.g., nanoceramics and liposome-based constructs, which have driven the evolution of diagnostic radio-nanomedicines over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Calatayud
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department
of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica
y Vidrio, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marina Lledos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Casarsa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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7
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Romano GM, Zizi V, Salvatore G, Bani R, Mangoni M, Nistri S, Anichini G, Simonini Steiner YT, Bani D, Bianchi A, Bencini A, Savastano M. Evaluation of coumarin-tagged deferoxamine as a Zr(IV)-based PET/fluorescence dual imaging probe. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112259. [PMID: 37229819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Desferoxamine (DFO) is currently the golden standard chelator for 89Zr4+, a promising nuclide for positron emission tomography imaging (PET). The natural siderophore DFO had previously been conjugated with fluorophores to obtain Fe(III) sensing molecules. In this study, a fluorescent coumarin derivative of DFO (DFOC) has been prepared and characterized (potentiometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy) for what concerns its protonation and metal coordination properties towards PET-relevant ions (Cu(II), Zr(IV)), evidencing strong similarity with pristine DFO. Retention of DFOC fluorescence emission upon metal binding has been checked (fluorescence spectrophotometry), as it would - and does - allow for optical (fluorescent) imaging, thus unlocking bimodal (PET/fluorescence) imaging for 89Zr(IV) tracers. Crystal violet and MTT assays on NIH-3 T3 fibroblasts and MDA-MB 231 mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines demonstrated, respectively, no cytotoxicity nor metabolic impairment at usual radiodiagnostic concentrations of ZrDFOC. Clonogenic colony-forming assay performed on X-irradiated MDA-MB 231 cells showed no interference of ZrDFOC with radiosensitivity. Morphological biodistribution (confocal fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy) assays on the same cells suggested internalization of the complex through endocytosis. Overall, these results support fluorophore-tagged DFO as a suitable option to achieve dual imaging (PET/fluorescence) probes based on 89Zr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giammarco Maria Romano
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Zizi
- Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvatore
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bani
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Mangoni
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Anichini
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Yschtar Tecla Simonini Steiner
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale G.Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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8
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Radiochemistry with {Al18F}2+: Current status and optimization perspectives for efficient radiofluorination by complexation. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Park JE, Lee JY, Chae J, Min CH, Shin HS, Lee SY, Lee JY, Park JH, Jeon J. In vivo tracking of toxic diesel particulate matter in mice using radiolabeling and nuclear imaging. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137395. [PMID: 36574577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) is associated with several adverse health effects, including severe respiratory diseases. Quantitative analysis of DPM in vivo can provide important information on the behavior of harmful chemicals, as well as their toxicological impacts in living subjects. This study presents whole-body images and tissue distributions of DPM in animal models, using molecular imaging and radiolabeling techniques. The self-assembly of the 89Zr-labeled pyrene analog with a suspension of DPM efficiently produced 89Zr-incorporated DPM (89Zr-DPM). Positron emission tomography images were obtained for mice exposed to 89Zr-DPM via three administration routes: intratracheal, oral, and intravenous injection. DPM was largely distributed in the lungs and only slowly cleared after 7 days in mice exposed via the intratracheal route. In addition, a portion of 89Zr-DPM was translocated to other organs, such as the heart, spleen, and liver. Uptake values in these organs were also noticeable following exposure via the intravenous route. In contrast, most of the orally administered DPM was excreted quickly within a day. These results suggest that continuous inhalation exposure to DPM causes serious lung damage and may cause toxic effects in the extrapulmonary organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Chae
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Wongso H, Hendra R, Nugraha AS, Ritawidya R, Saptiama I, Kusumaningrum CE. Microbial metabolites diversity and their potential as molecular template for the discovery of new fluorescent and radiopharmaceutical probes. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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O'Hara MJ, Carter JC, Kellogg CM, Link JM. Anion exchange and extraction chromatography tandem column isolation of zirconium-89 ( 89Zr) from cyclotron bombarded targets using an automated fluidic platform. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463347. [PMID: 35908511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The long-lived positron emitter 89Zr is a highly promising nuclide employed in diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Methods of radiochemical processing to obtain 89Zr for clinical use are traditionally performed with a single hydroxamate resin column. Herein, we present a tandem column purification method for the preparation of high-purity 89Zr from cyclotron bombarded natural Y metal foils. The primary column is a macroporous, strongly basic anion exchange resin on styrene divinylbenzene co-polymer. The secondary microcolumn, with an internal volume of 33 μL, is packed with an extraction chromatography resin (ExCR) loaded with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP). A condition of "inverted selectivity" is presented, wherein the 89Zr elution from the primary column is synonymous with the load condition on the secondary column. The ability to transfer 89Zr from one column to the next allows two sequential purification steps to be performed prior to the final elution of the 89Zr product. This approach assures delivery of high purity 89Zr. The tandem column purification process has been implemented into a prototype automated fluidic system. Optimization of the method is presented, followed by evaluation of the process using seven cyclotron bombarded Y metal foil targets. Once optimized, we found that 93.7 ± 2.3% of the 89Zr present in the foils was recovered in the secondary column elution fraction (0.8 M oxalic acid). Radiochromatograms of the product elution peaks enabled determination of full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and 89Zr collection yields as a function of volume. Because of the small size of the secondary microcolumn, a 89Zr product volume of ∼0.28 mL is reported, which provides a substantially increased nuclide concentration over traditional methods. Finally, we evaluated the transchelation of the resulting 89Zr oxalate product to deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) salt. We observed effective specific activities (ESA) and bindable metals concentrations ([MB]) that exceed those reported by the traditional single hydroxamate column method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J O'Hara
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
| | - Jennifer C Carter
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Cynthia M Kellogg
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Jeanne M Link
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States
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12
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Adding a diazo-transfer reagent to culture to generate secondary metabolite probes for click chemistry. Methods Enzymol 2022; 665:49-71. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Guillou A, Ouadi A, Holland JP. Heptadentate chelates for 89Zr-radiolabelling of monoclonal antibodies. Inorg Chem Front 2022; 9:3071-3081. [PMID: 35770072 PMCID: PMC9196204 DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium complexation chemistry is an important area of research in the context of developing radiolabelled proteins for applications in diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Herein, we report the synthesis...
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Guillou
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland +41.44.63.53.990 https://www.hollandlab.org
| | - Ali Ouadi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jason P Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland +41.44.63.53.990 https://www.hollandlab.org
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14
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Savastano M, Boscaro F, Bianchi A. Metal Coordination Properties of a Chromophoric Desferrioxamine (DFO) Derivative: Insight on the Coordination Stoichiometry and Thermodynamic Stability of Zr 4+ Complexes. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010184. [PMID: 35011419 PMCID: PMC8746621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DFO) is the current "gold standard" chelator for 89Zr4+, which is used to label monoclonal antibodies for applications in immunopositron emission tomography. Recently, controversial data have been reported regarding the speciation and the stability of the complexes formed by DFO with Zr4+ in solution. To shed some light on this point, we studied the coordination properties in solution ofa chromophoric DFO derivative bearing a substituted pyrimidine residue (DFO-Pm) toward several metal ions (Zr4+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+). Potentiometric titrations showed that DFO-Pm and pristine DFO form complexes with very similar stoichiometry and stability. DFO-Pm, which can consequently be taken as a model system for DFO, provides a photochemical response to metal coordination that can be used to further define the complexes formed. In the critical case of Zr4+, spectrophotometric measurements allowed the verification of the formation of 1:1 and 2:3 complexes that, together with 2:2 complexes form the coordination model that was obtained through the use of our potentiometric measurements. Additionally, mass spectrometry measurements verified the formation of 1:1 and 2:3 complexes and showed that 1:2 species can be easily generated through the fragmentation of the 2:3 species. In conclusion, the results obtained with DFO-Pm validate the complexation model of Zr4+/DFO composed of 1:1, 2:2, and 2:3 metal-to-ligand complexes. Convergences and conflicts with other works are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Boscaro
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Spettrometria di Massa (CISM), University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
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15
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Hydroxypyridinones as a Very Promising Platform for Targeted Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226997
expr 973886017 + 973118332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypyridinones (HOPOs) have been used in the chelation therapy of iron and actinide metals. Their application in metal-based radiopharmaceuticals has also been increasing in recent years. This review article focuses on how multidentate HOPOs can be used in targeted radiometal-based diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The general structure of radiometal-based targeted radiopharmaceuticals, a brief description of siderophores, the basic structure and properties of bidentate HOPO, some representative HOPO multidentate chelating agents, radiopharmaceuticals based on HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators for gallium-68, thorium-227 and zirconium-89, as well as the future prospects of HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators in other metal-based radiopharmaceuticals are described and discussed in turn. The HOPO metal-based radiopharmaceuticals that have shown good prospects in clinical and preclinical studies are gallium-68, thorium-227 and zirconium-89 radiopharmaceuticals. We expect HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators to be a very promising platform for building novel targeted radiometal-based diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.
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16
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Zhou X, Dong L, Shen L. Hydroxypyridinones as a Very Promising Platform for Targeted Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26:6997. [PMID: 34834087 PMCID: PMC8619595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226997&set/a 916769719+956065658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypyridinones (HOPOs) have been used in the chelation therapy of iron and actinide metals. Their application in metal-based radiopharmaceuticals has also been increasing in recent years. This review article focuses on how multidentate HOPOs can be used in targeted radiometal-based diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The general structure of radiometal-based targeted radiopharmaceuticals, a brief description of siderophores, the basic structure and properties of bidentate HOPO, some representative HOPO multidentate chelating agents, radiopharmaceuticals based on HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators for gallium-68, thorium-227 and zirconium-89, as well as the future prospects of HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators in other metal-based radiopharmaceuticals are described and discussed in turn. The HOPO metal-based radiopharmaceuticals that have shown good prospects in clinical and preclinical studies are gallium-68, thorium-227 and zirconium-89 radiopharmaceuticals. We expect HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators to be a very promising platform for building novel targeted radiometal-based diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- HTA Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China;
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China;
| | - Linlin Dong
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China;
| | - Langtao Shen
- HTA Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China;
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China;
- National Isotope Center of Engineering and Technology, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Zhou X, Dong L, Shen L. Hydroxypyridinones as a Very Promising Platform for Targeted Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26:6997. [PMID: 34834087 PMCID: PMC8619595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypyridinones (HOPOs) have been used in the chelation therapy of iron and actinide metals. Their application in metal-based radiopharmaceuticals has also been increasing in recent years. This review article focuses on how multidentate HOPOs can be used in targeted radiometal-based diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The general structure of radiometal-based targeted radiopharmaceuticals, a brief description of siderophores, the basic structure and properties of bidentate HOPO, some representative HOPO multidentate chelating agents, radiopharmaceuticals based on HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators for gallium-68, thorium-227 and zirconium-89, as well as the future prospects of HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators in other metal-based radiopharmaceuticals are described and discussed in turn. The HOPO metal-based radiopharmaceuticals that have shown good prospects in clinical and preclinical studies are gallium-68, thorium-227 and zirconium-89 radiopharmaceuticals. We expect HOPO multidentate bifunctional chelators to be a very promising platform for building novel targeted radiometal-based diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- HTA Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China;
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China;
| | - Linlin Dong
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China;
| | - Langtao Shen
- HTA Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China;
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China;
- National Isotope Center of Engineering and Technology, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
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18
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Lilburn DM, Groves AM. The role of PET in imaging of the tumour microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:784.e1-784.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Sarcan ET, Silindir-Gunay M, Ozer AY, Hartman N. 89Zr as a promising radionuclide and it’s applications for effective cancer imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Kiraga Ł, Kucharzewska P, Paisey S, Cheda Ł, Domańska A, Rogulski Z, Rygiel TP, Boffi A, Król M. Nuclear imaging for immune cell tracking in vivo – Comparison of various cell labeling methods and their application. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Toporivska Y, Mular A, Piasta K, Ostrowska M, Illuminati D, Baldi A, Albanese V, Pacifico S, Fritsky IO, Remelli M, Guerrini R, Gumienna-Kontecka E. Thermodynamic Stability and Speciation of Ga(III) and Zr(IV) Complexes with High-Denticity Hydroxamate Chelators. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13332-13347. [PMID: 34414758 PMCID: PMC8424644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Increasing attention
has been recently devoted to 89Zr(IV) and 68Ga(III) radionuclides, due to their favorable
decay characteristics for positron emission tomography (PET). In the
present paper, a deep investigation is presented on Ga(III) and Zr(IV)
complexes with a series of tri-(H3L1, H3L3, H3L4 and desferrioxamine
E, DFOE) and tetrahydroxamate (H4L2) ligands. Herein, we describe the rational
design and synthesis of two cyclic complexing agents (H3L1 and H4L2) bearing three and four hydroxamate
chelating groups, respectively. The ligand structures allow us to
take advantage of the macrocyclic effect; the H4L2 chelator contains an additional side
amino group available for a possible further conjugation with a biomolecule.
The thermodynamic stability of Ga(III) and Zr(IV) complexes in solution
has been measured using a combination of potentiometric and pH-dependent
UV–vis titrations, on the basis of metal–metal competition.
The Zr(IV)-H4L2 complex
is characterized by one of the highest formation constants reported
to date for a tetrahydroxamate zirconium chelate (log β = 45.9,
pZr = 37.0), although the complex-stability increase derived from
the introduction of the fourth hydroxamate binding unit is lower than
that predicted by theoretical calculations. Solution studies on Ga(III)
complexes revealed that H3L1 and H4L2 are stronger chelators in comparison to DFOB. The complex stability
obtained with the new ligands is also compared with that previously
reported for other hydroxamate ligands. In addition to increasing
the library of the thermodynamic stability data of Ga(III) and Zr(IV)
complexes, the present work allows new insights into Ga(III) and Zr(IV)
coordination chemistry and thermodynamics and broadens the selection
of available chelators for 68Ga(III) and 89Zr(IV). Solution equilibria studies on Ga(III)
and Zr(IV) complexes
with a series of tri- and tetrahydroxamate ligands are presented.
For this purpose, the rational design and synthesis of two cyclic
complexing agents bearing three and four hydroxamate chelating groups
was performed. The thermodynamic and speciation studies allow a discussion
of the structure−complex stability dependence. The Zr(IV)-tetrahydroxamate
complex is characterized by one of the highest formation constants
reported to date for a hydroxamate zirconium chelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Toporivska
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mular
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Piasta
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ostrowska
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Davide Illuminati
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Baldi
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Igor O Fritsky
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64 Volodymyrska Str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maurizio Remelli
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Ramezani S, Parkhideh A, Bhattacharya PK, Farach-Carson MC, Harrington DA. Beyond Colonoscopy: Exploring New Cell Surface Biomarkers for Detection of Early, Heterogenous Colorectal Lesions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657701. [PMID: 34290978 PMCID: PMC8287259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the United States. Early detection and surgical removal of high-risk lesions in the colon can prevent disease from developing and spreading. Despite implementation of programs aimed at early detection, screening colonoscopies fail to detect a fraction of potentially aggressive colorectal lesions because of their location or nonobvious morphology. Optical colonoscopies, while highly effective, rely on direct visualization to detect changes on the surface mucosa that are consistent with dysplasia. Recent advances in endoscopy techniques and molecular imaging permit microscale visualization of the colonic mucosa. These technologies can be combined with various molecular probes that recognize and target heterogenous lesion surfaces to achieve early, real-time, and potentially non-invasive, detection of pre-cancerous lesions. The primary goal of this review is to contextualize existing and emergent CRC surface biomarkers and assess each’s potential as a candidate marker for early marker-based detection of CRC lesions. CRC markers that we include were stratified by the level of support gleaned from peer-reviewed publications, abstracts, and databases of both CRC and other cancers. The selected biomarkers, accessible on the cell surface and preferably on the luminal surface of the colon tissue, are organized into three categories: (1) established biomarkers (those with considerable data and high confidence), (2) emerging biomarkers (those with increasing research interest but with less supporting data), and (3) novel candidates (those with very recent data, and/or supportive evidence from other tissue systems). We also present an overview of recent advances in imaging techniques useful for visual detection of surface biomarkers, and discuss the ease with which these methods can be combined with microscopic visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Ramezani
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arianna Parkhideh
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Travagin F, Lattuada L, Giovenzana GB. AAZTA: The rise of mesocyclic chelating agents for metal coordination in medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Klasen B, Lemcke D, Mindt TL, Gasser G, Rösch F. Development and in vitro evaluation of new bifunctional 89Zr-chelators based on the 6-amino-1,4-diazepane scaffold for immuno-PET applications. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 102-103:12-23. [PMID: 34242949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination of hydroxamate bearing side chains with the 6-amino-1,4-diazepane scaffold provides a promising strategy for fast and stable 89Zr-labeling of antibodies. Following this approach, we hereby present the development, labeling kinetics and in vitro complex stability of three resulting bifunctional chelator derivatives both stand-alone and coupled to a model protein in comparison to different linear deferoxamine (DFO) derivatives. METHODS The novel 89Zr-chelator Hy3ADA5 was prepared via amide-coupling of separately synthesized 6-amino-1,4-diazepane-6-pentanoic acid and hydroxamate-containing side chains. Two further bifunctional derivatives were synthesized by extending the resulting system with either a squaramide- or p-isothiocyanatophenyl moiety for simplified binding to proteins. After coupling to a model antibody and purification, the resulting immunoconjugates as well as the unbound chelator derivatives were 89Zr-labeled at room temperature (RT) and neutral pH. For comparison, different DFO derivatives were analogously coupled, purified and radiolabeled. In vitro complex stability of the resulting radioconjugates was investigated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human serum at 37 °C over a period of 7 days. RESULTS 89Zr-labeling of the novel unbound Hy3ADA5 derivatives indicated rapid complexation kinetics resulting in high radiochemical conversions (RCC) of 84-94% after 90 min. Similar or even faster radiolabeling with slightly increased maximum yields was obtained using the DFO-analogues. Initially, [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-p-Ph-NCS showed a delayed formation, nevertheless reaching almost quantitative complexation. Radiolabeling of the corresponding immunoconjugates Hy3ADA5-SA-mAb and Hy3ADA5-p-Ph-NCS-mAb resulted in 82.0 ± 1.1 and 89.2 ± 0.7% RCC, respectively after 90 min representing high but slightly lower labeling efficiency compared to the DFO- and DFO*-functionalized analogues. All examined radioimmunoconjugates showed very high in vitro complex stability both in human serum and PBS, providing no significant release of the radiometal. In the case of unbound chelators, however, the p-Ph-NCS-functionalized derivatives indicated considerable instability in human serum already after 1 h. CONCLUSION The novel chelator derivatives based on hydroxamate-functionalized 6-amino-1,4-diazepane revealed fast and high yielding 89Zr-labeling kinetics as well as high in vitro complex stability both stand-alone and coupled to an antibody. Therefore, Hy3ADA5 represents a promising tool for radiolabeling of biomolecules such as antibodies at mild conditions for immuno-PET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Klasen
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Daniel Lemcke
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, Austria; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris, France
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
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Kim GG, Jang HM, Park SB, So JS, Kim SW. Synthesis of Zr-89-Labeled Folic Acid-Conjugated Silica (SiO 2) Microwire as a Tumor Diagnostics Carrier for Positron Emission Tomography. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123226. [PMID: 34207994 PMCID: PMC8230661 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vivo behavior and accumulation of silica particles in the form of wires, which were actively studied as drug carriers along with spheres, using positron emission tomography (PET). Wire-shaped silicon dioxide (SiO2) was synthesized at micro-size, using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), a template, and folic acid (FA), which specifically binds folate receptors (FR) which are overexpressed in many cancers, and which was bound to the wire’s surface to confirm its possible use as a cancer diagnostic agent. In addition, for evaluation using PET, the positron-emitting nuclide 89Zr (t1/2 = 3.3 days) was directly bonded to the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the particle surface. The diameter and shape of the synthesized silica microwires (SMWs) were confirmed using SEM and TEM, the chemical bonding of FA was confirmed through FT–IR and NMR, and the labeling of 89Zr was measured by means of radio-thin-layer chromatography (TLC) measurement. Folic acid-conjugated SMWs (FA-SMWs) were found to have a low receptor-mediated uptake in cell internalization evaluation, but in PET studies, FA-SMWs stayed longer at the tumor site. In conclusion, we successfully synthesized a homogeneous silica microwire for drug delivery, we confirmed that the FA-conjugated sample remains at the tumor site for a relatively longer time, and we have reported the characteristic in vivo behavior of 89Zr-FA-SMWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Gyun Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (G.G.K.); (H.M.J.)
| | - Hye Min Jang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (G.G.K.); (H.M.J.)
| | - Sung Bum Park
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seon So
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.S.); (S.W.K.); Tel.: +82-54-770-2491 (J.-S.S.); +82-54-770-2216 (S.W.K.)
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (G.G.K.); (H.M.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.-S.S.); (S.W.K.); Tel.: +82-54-770-2491 (J.-S.S.); +82-54-770-2216 (S.W.K.)
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26
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Bouleau A, Lebon V, Truillet C. PET imaging of immune checkpoint proteins in oncology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 222:107786. [PMID: 33307142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical successes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various advanced cancers, response is still limited to a subset of patients that generally exhibit tumoral expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins. Development of biomarkers assessing the expression of such ICs is therefore a major challenge nowadays to refine patient selection and improve therapeutic benefits. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using IC-targeted radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (immunoPET) provides a non-invasive and whole-body visualization of in vivo IC biodistribution. As such, PET imaging of ICs may serve as a robust biomarker to predict and monitor responses to ICIs, complementing the existing immunohistochemical techniques. Besides monoclonal antibodies, other PET radioligand formats, ranging from antibody-derived fragments to small proteins, have gained increasing interest owing to their faster pharmacokinetics and enhanced imaging characteristics. We provide an overview of the various strategies investigated so far for PET imaging of ICs in preclinical and clinical studies, emphasizing their benefits and limitations. Moreover, we discuss various parameters to consider for designing optimized and best-suited PET radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Bouleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France
| | - Vincent Lebon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France.
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27
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Guillou A, Earley DF, Klingler S, Nisli E, Nüesch LJ, Fay R, Holland JP. The Influence of a Polyethylene Glycol Linker on the Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of a 89Zr-Radiolabeled Antibody. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1263-1275. [PMID: 34056896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most experimental work in the space of bioconjugation chemistry focuses on using new methods to construct covalent bonds between a cargo molecule and a protein of interest such as a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Bond formation is important for generating new diagnostic tools, yet when these compounds advance to preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, and later for translation to the clinic, understanding the fate of potential metabolites that arise from chemical or enzymatic degradation of the construct is important to obtain a full picture of the pharmacokinetic performance of a new compound. In the context of designing new bioconjugate methods for labeling antibodies with the positron-emitting radionuclide 89Zr, we previously developed a photochemical process for making 89Zr-mAbs. Experimental studies on [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAb constructs revealed that incorporation of the tris-polyethylene glycol (PEG3) linker improved the aqueous phase solubility and radiochemical conversion. However, the use of a PEG3 linker also has an impact on the whole-body residence time of the construct, leading to a more rapid excretion of the 89Zr activity when compared with radiotracers that lack the PEG3 chain. In this work, we investigated the metabolic fate of eight possible metabolites that arise from the logical disconnection of [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAb at bonds which are susceptible to chemical or enzymatic cleavage. Synthesis combined with 89Zr-radiolabeling, small-animal positron emission tomography imaging at multiple time points from 0 to 20 h, and measurements of the effective half-life for whole-body excretion are reported. The conclusions are that the use of a PEG3 linker is non-innocent in terms of its impact on enhancing the metabolism of [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAbs. In most cases, degradation can produce metabolites that are rapidly eliminated from the body, thereby enhancing image contrast by reducing nonspecific accumulation and retention of 89Zr in background organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Guillou
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Earley
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eda Nisli
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura J Nüesch
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachael Fay
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Deferoxamine B: A Natural, Excellent and Versatile Metal Chelator. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113255. [PMID: 34071479 PMCID: PMC8198152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deferoxamine B is an outstanding molecule which has been widely studied in the past decade for its ability to bind iron and many other metal ions. The versatility of this metal chelator makes it suitable for a number of medicinal and analytical applications, from the well-known iron chelation therapy to the most recent use in sensor devices. The three bidentate hydroxamic functional groups of deferoxamine B are the centerpiece of its metal binding ability, which allows the formation of stable complexes with many transition, lanthanoid and actinoid metal ions. In addition to the ferric ion, in fact, more than 20 different metal complexes of deferoxamine b have been characterized in terms of their chemical speciation in solution. In addition, the availability of a terminal amino group, most often not involved in complexation, opens the way to deferoxamine B modification and functionalization. This review aims to collect and summarize the available data concerning the complex-formation equilibria in solutions of deferoxamine B with different metal ions. A general overview of the progress of its applications over the past decade is also discussed, including the treatment of iron overload-associated diseases, its clinical use against cancer and neurodegenerative disorders and its role as a diagnostic tool.
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29
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Chomet M, van Dongen GAMS, Vugts DJ. State of the Art in Radiolabeling of Antibodies with Common and Uncommon Radiometals for Preclinical and Clinical Immuno-PET. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1315-1330. [PMID: 33974403 PMCID: PMC8299458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Inert
and stable radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies (mAb),
antibody fragments, or antibody mimetics with radiometals is a prerequisite
for immuno-PET. While radiolabeling is preferably fast, mild, efficient,
and reproducible, especially when applied for human use in a current
Good Manufacturing Practice compliant way, it is crucial that the
obtained radioimmunoconjugate is stable and shows preserved immunoreactivity
and in vivo behavior. Radiometals and chelators have
extensively been evaluated to come to the most ideal radiometal–chelator
pair for each type of antibody derivative. Although PET imaging of
antibodies is a relatively recent tool, applications with 89Zr, 64Cu, and 68Ga have greatly increased in
recent years, especially in the clinical setting, while other less
common radionuclides such as 52Mn, 86Y, 66Ga, and 44Sc, but also 18F as in [18F]AlF are emerging promising candidates for the radiolabeling
of antibodies. This review presents a state of the art overview of
the practical aspects of radiolabeling of antibodies, ranging from
fast kinetic affibodies and nanobodies to slow kinetic intact mAbs.
Herein, we focus on the most common approach which consists of first
modification of the antibody with a chelator, and after eventual storage
of the premodified molecule, radiolabeling as a second step. Other
approaches are possible but have been excluded from this review. The
review includes recent and representative examples from the literature
highlighting which radiometal–chelator–antibody combinations
are the most successful for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Chomet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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30
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Yang J, Zhao C, Lim J, Zhao L, Tourneau RL, Zhang Q, Dobson D, Joshi S, Pang J, Zhang X, Pal S, Andreou C, Zhang H, Kircher MF, Schmitthenner H. Structurally symmetric near-infrared fluorophore IRDye78-protein complex enables multimodal cancer imaging. Theranostics 2021; 11:2534-2549. [PMID: 33456558 PMCID: PMC7806473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Most contemporary cancer therapeutic paradigms involve initial imaging as a treatment roadmap, followed by the active engagement of surgical operations. Current approved intraoperative contrast agents exemplified by indocyanine green (ICG) have a few drawbacks including the inability of pre-surgical localization. Alternative near-infrared (NIR) dyes including IRDye800cw are being explored in advanced clinical trials but often encounter low chemical yields and complex purifications owing to the asymmetric synthesis. A single contrast agent with ease of synthesis that works in multiple cancer types and simultaneously allows presurgical imaging, intraoperative deep-tissue three-dimensional visualization, and high-speed microscopic visualization of tumor margins via spatiotemporally complementary modalities would be beneficial. Methods: Due to the lack of commercial availability and the absence of detailed synthesis and characterization, we proposed a facile and scalable synthesis pathway for the symmetric NIR water-soluble heptamethine sulfoindocyanine IRDye78. The synthesis can be accomplished in four steps from commercially-available building blocks. Its symmetric resonant structure avoided asymmetric synthesis problems while still preserving the benefits of analogous IRDye800cw with commensurable optical properties. Next, we introduced a low-molecular-weight protein alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) as the carrier that effectively modulates the hepatic clearance of IRDye78 into the preferred renal excretion pathway. We further implemented 89Zr radiolabeling onto the protein scaffold for positron emission tomography (PET). The multimodal imaging capability of the fluorophore-protein complex was validated in breast cancer and glioblastoma. Results: The scalable synthesis resulted in high chemical yields, typically 95% yield in the final step of the chloro dye. Chemical structures of intermediates and the final fluorophore were confirmed. Asymmetric IRDye78 exhibited comparable optical features as symmetric IRDye800cw. Its well-balanced quantum yield affords concurrent dual fluorescence and optoacoustic contrast without self-quenching nor concentration-dependent absorption. The NHS ester functionality modulates efficient covalent coupling to reactive side-chain amines to the protein carrier, along with desferrioxamine (DFO) for stable radiolabeling of 89Zr. The fluorophore-protein complex advantageously shifted the biodistribution and can be effectively cleared through the urinary pathway. The agent accumulates in tumors and enables triple-modal visualization in mouse xenograft models of both breast and brain cancers. Conclusion: This study described in detail a generalized strategic modulation of clearance routes towards the favorable renal clearance, via the introduction of α-LA. IRDye78 as a feasible alternative of IRDye800cw currently in clinical phases was proposed with a facile synthesis and fully characterized for the first time. This fluorophore-protein complex with stable radiolabeling should have great potential for clinical translation where it could enable an elegant workflow from preoperative planning to intraoperative deep tissue and high-resolution image-guided resection.
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31
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Southcott L, Wang X, Wharton L, Yang H, Radchenko V, Kubeil M, Stephan H, de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez M, Orvig C. High denticity oxinate-linear-backbone chelating ligand for diagnostic radiometal ions [111In]In3+ and [89Zr]Zr4+. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3874-3886. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A potentially decadentate oxinate-containing ligand was synthesized and assessed through solution thermodynamics studies, concentration dependent radiolabeling and serum stability assays with [nat/111In]In3+ and [nat/89Zr]Zr4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Southcott
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Luke Wharton
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division
- TRIUMF
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division
- TRIUMF
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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32
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Brown CJM, Codd R. Directing macrocyclic architecture using iron(III)-, gallium(III)-, or zirconium(IV)-assisted ring closure of linear dimeric endo-hydroxamic acid ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 216:111337. [PMID: 33360106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric hydroxamic acid macrocycles are a subclass of bacterial siderophores produced for iron acquisition. Limited yields from natural sources provides the impetus to develop synthetic routes to improve access to these compounds, which have potential utility in metal ion binding applications in the environment and medicine. This work has examined the role of metal ions in forming pre-complexes with linear endo-hydroxamic acid (endo-HXA) ligands bearing terminal amine and carboxylic acid groups optimally configured for in situ ring closure reactions. The 1:1 reaction between Fe(III) and the dimeric endo-HXA ligand 5-((5-(5-((5-aminopentyl)(hydroxy)amino)-5-oxopentanamido)pentyl)(hydroxy)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid (PPH-PPH) (1) formed the pre-complex (PC) [Fe(PP-PP)-PC]+ with in situ amide coupling generating the macrocycle (MC) [Fe(PP)2-MC]+ and, following Fe(III) removal, the apo-macrocycle 1,13-dihydroxy-1,7,13,19-tetraazacyclotetracosane-2,6,14,18-tetraone (PPH)2-MC (2). The 1:2 reaction system between Fe(III) and the monomeric endo-HXA ligand 5-((5-aminopentyl)(hydroxy)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid (PPH) gave significantly less [Fe(PP)2-MC]+ than the former system, due to the requirement to form two rather than one amide bond(s). The 1:1 Ga(III):1 system yielded [Ga(PP-PP)-PC]+ and [Ga(PP)2-MC]+. Neither [Zr(PP-PP)-PC]2+ nor [Zr(PP)2-MC]2+ was detected in the 1:1 Zr(IV):1 system. Instead, the Zr(IV) system showed the formation of a 1:2 Zr(IV):1 pre-complex [Zr(PP-PP)2-PC], which following in situ amide bond forming chemistry, generated two Zr(IV) macrocyclic complexes with distinct architectures: a dimer-of-dimers complex [Zr((PP)2)2-MC] and an end-to-end macrocycle [Zr(PP)4-MC]. The formation of [Fe(PP)2-MC]+, [Ga(PP)2-MC]+ or [Zr((PP)2)2-MC] was confirmed from reconstitution experiments with 2. The work has shown that the choice of metal ion in metal-assisted ring closure reactions directs the assembly of macrocyclic complexes with distinct architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J M Brown
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Liapis V, Tieu W, Rudd SE, Donnelly PS, Wittwer NL, Brown MP, Staudacher AH. Improved non-invasive positron emission tomographic imaging of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death using Zirconium-89-labeled APOMAB®. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:27. [PMID: 33205364 PMCID: PMC7672150 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) chDAB4 (APOMAB®) targets the Lupus associated (La)/Sjögren Syndrome-B (SSB) antigen, which is over-expressed in tumors but only becomes available for antibody binding in dead tumor cells. Hence, chDAB4 may be used as a novel theranostic tool to distinguish between responders and nonresponders early after chemotherapy. Here, we aimed to ascertain which positron emitter, Zirconium-89 ([89Zr]ZrIV) or Iodine-124 ([124I]I), was best suited to label chDAB4 for post-chemotherapy PET imaging of tumor-bearing mice and to determine which of two different bifunctional chelators provided optimal tumor imaging by PET using [89Zr]ZrIV-labeled chDAB4. Methods C57BL/6 J mice bearing subcutaneous syngeneic tumors of EL4 lymphoma were either untreated or given chemotherapy, then administered radiolabeled chDAB4 after 24 h with its biodistribution examined using PET and organ assay. We compared chDAB4 radiolabeled with [89Zr] ZrIV or [124I] I, or [89Zr]Zr-chDAB4 using either DFO-NCS or DFOSq as a chelator. Results After chemotherapy, [89Zr]Zr-chDAB4 showed higher and prolonged mean (± SD) tumor uptake of 29.5 ± 5.9 compared to 7.8 ± 1.2 for [124I] I -chDAB4. In contrast, antibody uptake in healthy tissues was not affected. Compared to DFO-NCS, DFOSq did not result in significant differences in tumor uptake of [89Zr]Zr-chDAB4 but did alter the tumor:liver ratio in treated mice 3 days after injection in favour of DFOSq (8.0 ± 1.1) compared to DFO-NCS (4.2 ± 0.7). Conclusion ImmunoPET using chDAB4 radiolabeled with residualizing [89Zr] ZrIV rather than [124I] I optimized post-chemotherapy tumor uptake. Further, PET imaging characteristics were improved by DFOSq rather than DFO-NCS. Therefore, the radionuclide/chelator combination of [89Zr] ZrIV and DFOSq is preferred for the imminent clinical evaluation of chDAB4 as a selective tumor cell death radioligand. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s41181-020-00109-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Liapis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - William Tieu
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit (MITRU), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicole L Wittwer
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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34
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Chomet M, Schreurs M, Bolijn MJ, Verlaan M, Beaino W, Brown K, Poot AJ, Windhorst AD, Gill H, Marik J, Williams S, Cowell J, Gasser G, Mindt TL, van Dongen GAMS, Vugts DJ. Head-to-head comparison of DFO* and DFO chelators: selection of the best candidate for clinical 89Zr-immuno-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:694-707. [PMID: 32889615 PMCID: PMC8036225 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Almost all radiolabellings of antibodies with 89Zr currently employ the hexadentate chelator desferrioxamine (DFO). However, DFO can lead to unwanted uptake of 89Zr in bones due to instability of the resulting metal complex. DFO*-NCS and the squaramide ester of DFO, DFOSq, are novel analogues that gave more stable 89Zr complexes than DFO in pilot experiments. Here, we directly compare these linker-chelator systems to identify optimal immuno-PET reagents. Methods Cetuximab, trastuzumab and B12 (non-binding control antibody) were labelled with 89Zr via DFO*-NCS, DFOSq, DFO-NCS or DFO*Sq. Stability in vitro was compared at 37 °C in serum (7 days), in formulation solution (24 h ± chelator challenges) and in vivo with N87 and A431 tumour-bearing mice. Finally, to demonstrate the practical benefit of more stable complexation for the accurate detection of bone metastases, [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-NCS and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-labelled trastuzumab and B12 were evaluated in a bone metastasis mouse model where BT-474 breast cancer cells were injected intratibially. Results [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-NCS-trastuzumab and [89Zr]Zr-DFO*Sq-trastuzumab showed excellent stability in vitro, superior to their [89Zr]Zr-DFO counterparts under all conditions. While tumour uptake was similar for all conjugates, bone uptake was lower for DFO* conjugates. Lower bone uptake for DFO* conjugates was confirmed using a second xenograft model: A431 combined with cetuximab. Finally, in the intratibial BT-474 bone metastasis model, the DFO* conjugates provided superior detection of tumour-specific signal over the DFO conjugates. Conclusion DFO*-mAb conjugates provide lower bone uptake than their DFO analogues; thus, DFO* is a superior candidate for preclinical and clinical 89Zr-immuno-PET. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-020-05002-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Chomet
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Schreurs
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Bolijn
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kari Brown
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Gill
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Jan Marik
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Simon Williams
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Joseph Cowell
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria
| | - Guus A. M. S van Dongen
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ahmed M, Tegnebratt T, Tran TA, Lu L, Damberg P, Gisterå A, Tarnawski L, Bone D, Hedin U, Eriksson P, Holmin S, Gustafsson B, Caidahl K. Molecular Imaging of Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis Using a Zirconium-89-Labeled Probe. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6137-6152. [PMID: 32884268 PMCID: PMC7434576 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s256395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond clinical atherosclerosis imaging of vessel stenosis and plaque morphology, early detection of inflamed atherosclerotic lesions by molecular imaging could improve risk assessment and clinical management in high-risk patients. To identify inflamed atherosclerotic lesions by molecular imaging in vivo, we studied the specificity of our radiotracer based on maleylated (Mal) human serum albumin (HSA), which targets key features of unstable atherosclerotic lesions. Materials and Methods Mal-HSA was radiolabeled with a positron-emitting metal ion, zirconium-89 (89Zr4+). The targeting potential of this probe was compared with unspecific 89Zr-HSA and 18F-FDG in an experimental model of atherosclerosis (Apoe–/– mice, n=22), and compared with wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J, n=21) as controls. Results PET/MRI, gamma counter measurements, and autoradiography showed the accumulation of 89Zr-Mal-HSA in the atherosclerotic lesions of Apoe–/– mice. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) for 89Zr-Mal-HSA at 16 and 20 weeks were 26% and 20% higher (P<0.05) in Apoe–/– mice than in control WT mice, whereas no difference in SUVmax was observed for 18F-FDG in the same animals. 89Zr-Mal-HSA uptake in the aorta, as evaluated by a gamma counter 48 h postinjection, was 32% higher (P<0.01) for Apoe–/– mice than in WT mice, and the aorta-to-blood ratio was 8-fold higher (P<0.001) for 89Zr-Mal-HSA compared with unspecific 89Zr-HSA. HSA-based probes were mainly distributed to the liver, spleen, kidneys, bone, and lymph nodes. The phosphor imaging autoradiography (PI-ARG) results corroborated the PET and gamma counter measurements, showing higher accumulation of 89Zr-Mal-HSA in the aortas of Apoe–/– mice than in WT mice (9.4±1.4 vs 0.8±0.3%; P<0.001). Conclusion 89Zr radiolabeling of Mal-HSA probes resulted in detectable activity in atherosclerotic lesions in aortas of Apoe–/– mice, as demonstrated by quantitative in vivo PET/MRI. 89Zr-Mal-HSA appears to be a promising diagnostic tool for the early identification of macrophage-rich areas of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Tegnebratt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Peter Damberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Dianna Bone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Björn Gustafsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden
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Coenen HH, Ermert J. Expanding PET-applications in life sciences with positron-emitters beyond fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 92:241-269. [PMID: 32900582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β+-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Xu Y, Wang L, Pan D, Yan J, Wang X, Yang R, Li M, Liu Y, Yang M. Synthesis of a novel 89Zr-labeled HER2 affibody and its application study in tumor PET imaging. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:58. [PMID: 32495181 PMCID: PMC7271293 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is an essential biomarker for tumor treatment. Affibody is an ideal vector for preparing HER2 specific probes because of high affinity and rapid clearance from normal tissues, etc. Zirconium-89 is a PET imaging isotope with a long half-life and suitable for monitoring biological processes for more extended periods. In this study, a novel 89Zr-labeled HER2 affibody, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MAL-Cys-MZHER2, was synthesized, and its imaging characters were also assessed. RESULTS The precursor, DFO-MAL-Cys-MZHER2, was obtained with a yield of nearly 50%. The radiochemical yield of [89Zr]Zr -DFO-MAL-Cys-MZHER2 was 90.2 ± 1.9%, and the radiochemical purity was higher than 95%. The total synthesis time was only 30 min. The probe was stable in PBS and serum. The tracer accumulated in HER2 overexpressing human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. In vivo studies in mice bearing tumors showed that the probe was highly retained in SKOV-3 xenografts even for 48 h. The tumors were visualized with good contrast to normal tissues. ROI analysis revealed that the average uptake values in the tumor were greater than 5% IA/g during 48 h postinjection. On the contrary, the counterparts of MCF-7 tumors kept low levels ( ~ 1% IA/g). The outcome was consistent with the immunohistochemical analysis and ex vivo autoradiography. The probe quickly cleared from the normal organs except kidneys and mainly excreted through the urinary system. CONCLUSION The novel HER2 affibody for PET imaging was easily prepared with satisfactory labeling yield and radiochemical purity. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MAL-Cys-MZHER2 is a potential candidate for detecting HER2 expression. It may play specific roles in clinical cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China. .,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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38
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Guillou A, Earley DF, Holland JP. Light‐Activated Protein Conjugation and
89
Zr‐Radiolabelling with Water‐Soluble Desferrioxamine Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:7185-7189. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Guillou
- University of ZurichDepartment of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Earley
- University of ZurichDepartment of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Jason P. Holland
- University of ZurichDepartment of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich 8057 Switzerland
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39
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Unak P, Tekin V, Guldu OK, Aras O. 89Zr Labeled Fe 3O 4@TiO 2 Nanoparticles: In Vitro Afffinities with Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2020; 34:e5616. [PMID: 34732968 PMCID: PMC8562718 DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized as a new Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) hybrid imaging agent and radiolabeled with 89Zr. In addition, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Df-Bz-NCS was used as bifunctional ligand. The nanoconjugates were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Radiolabeling yields were 100%. Breast and prostate cancer cell affinities and cytotoxicity were determined using in vitro cell culture assays. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles are promising for PET/MR imaging. Finally, unlike Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles showed a fluorescence spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 250 nm and an emission wavelength of 314 nm. Therefore, in addition to bearing the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles display fluorescence emission. This provides them with photodynamic therapy potential. Therefore multimodal treatment was performed with the combination of PDT and RT by using human prostate cancer cell line (PC3). The development of 89Zr-Df-Bz-NCS-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles as a new multifunctional PET/MRI agent with photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia therapeutic ability would be very useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Unak
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Nuclear Applications, 35100 Bornova Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Nuclear Applications, 35100 Bornova Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kozgus Guldu
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Nuclear Applications, 35100 Bornova Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omer Aras
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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40
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Tang R, Zheleznyak A, Mixdorf M, Ghai A, Prior J, Black KCL, Shokeen M, Reed N, Biswas P, Achilefu S. Osteotropic Radiolabeled Nanophotosensitizer for Imaging and Treating Multiple Myeloma. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4255-4264. [PMID: 32223222 PMCID: PMC7295119 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid liver and spleen opsonization of systemically administered nanoparticles (NPs) for in vivo applications remains the Achilles' heel of nanomedicine, allowing only a small fraction of the materials to reach the intended target tissue. Although focusing on diseases that reside in the natural disposal organs for nanoparticles is a viable option, it limits the plurality of lesions that could benefit from nanomedical interventions. Here we designed a theranostic nanoplatform consisting of reactive oxygen (ROS)-generating titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, coated with a tumor-targeting agent, transferrin (Tf), and radiolabeled with a radionuclide (89Zr) for targeting bone marrow, imaging the distribution of the NPs, and stimulating ROS generation for cell killing. Radiolabeling of TiO2 NPs with 89Zr afforded thermodynamically and kinetically stable chelate-free 89Zr-TiO2-Tf NPs without altering the NP morphology. Treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, a disease of plasma cells originating in the bone marrow, with 89Zr-TiO2-Tf generated cytotoxic ROS to induce cancer cell killing via the apoptosis pathway. Positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and tissue biodistribution studies revealed that in vivo administration of 89Zr-TiO2-Tf in mice leveraged the osteotropic effect of 89Zr to selectively localize about 70% of the injected radioactivity in mouse bone tissue. A combination of small-animal PET/CT imaging of NP distribution and bioluminescence imaging of cancer progression showed that a single-dose 89Zr-TiO2-Tf treatment in a disseminated MM mouse model completely inhibited cancer growth at euthanasia of untreated mice and at least doubled the survival of treated mice. Treatment of the mice with cold Zr-TiO2-Tf, 89Zr-oxalate, or 89Zr-Tf had no therapeutic benefit compared to untreated controls. This study reveals an effective radionuclide sensitizing nanophototherapy paradigm for the treatment of MM and possibly other bone-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexander Zheleznyak
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Mixdorf
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anchal Ghai
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Julie Prior
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kvar C. L. Black
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Nathan Reed
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63112, USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63112, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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42
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Rosenkrans ZT, Cai W. Total-Body PET Imaging for up to 30 Days After Injection of 89Zr-Labeled Antibodies. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:451-452. [PMID: 31806778 PMCID: PMC7067521 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.236166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and .,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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43
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Jacobsen CB, Raavé R, Pedersen MØ, Adumeau P, Moreau M, Valverde IE, Bjørnsdottir I, Kristensen JB, Grove MF, Raun K, McGuire J, Goncalves V, Heskamp S, Denat F, Gustafsson M. Synthesis and evaluation of zirconium-89 labelled and long-lived GLP-1 receptor agonists for PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 82-83:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
The thermodynamic stability of a metal-ligand complex, as measured by the formation constant (log β), is one of the most important parameters that determines metal ion selectivity and potential applications in, for example, radiopharmaceutical science. The stable coordination chemistry of radioactive 89Zr4+ in an aqueous environment is of paramount importance when developing positron-emitting radiotracers based on proteins (usually antibodies) for use with positron emission tomography. Desferrioxamine B (DFO) remains the chelate of choice for clinical applications of 89Zr-labeled proteins, but the coordination of DFO to Zr4+ ions is suboptimal. Many alternative ligands have been reported, but the challenges in measuring very high log β values with metal ions such as Zr4+ that tend to hydrolyze mean that accurate thermodynamic data are scarce. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to predict the reaction energetics for metal ion complexation. Computed values of pseudoformation constants (log β') are correlated with experimental data and showed an excellent linear relationship (R2 = 0.97). The model was then used to estimate the absolute and relative formation constants of 23 different Zr4+ complexes using a total of 17 different ligands, including many of the alternative bifunctional chelates that have been reported recently for use in 89Zr4+ radiochemistry. In addition, detailed computational studies were performed on the geometric isomerism and hydration state of Zr-desferrioxamine. Collectively, the results offer new insights into Zr4+ coordination chemistry that will help guide the synthesis of future ligands. The computational model developed here is straightforward and reproducible and can be readily applied in the design of other metal coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Holland
- University of Zurich , Department of Chemistry , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
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45
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46
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Leiske MN, Walker JA, Zia A, Fletcher NL, Thurecht KJ, Davis TP, Kempe K. Synthesis of biscarboxylic acid functionalised EDTA mimicking polymers and their ability to form Zr(iv) chelation mediated nanostructures. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a new biscarboxylic acid acrylate, which is used for the synthesis of double hydrophilic EDTA-mimicking block copolymers capable of self-assembly upon zirconium complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike N. Leiske
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- and Drug Delivery
- Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
| | - Julia A. Walker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- and Drug Delivery
- Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
| | - Aadarash Zia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- and Drug Delivery
- Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
| | - Nicholas L. Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- and Drug Delivery
- Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- and Drug Delivery
- Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
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47
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Cho H, Al-Saden N, Lam H, Möbus J, Reilly RM, Winnik MA. A comparison of DFO and DFO* conjugated to trastuzumab-DM1 for complexing 89Zr - In vitro stability and in vivo microPET/CT imaging studies in NOD/SCID mice with HER2-positive SK-OV-3 human ovarian cancer xenografts. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 84-85:11-19. [PMID: 31931305 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Desferrioxamine (DFO) is conjugated to antibodies to chelate 89Zr for PET, but DFO forms a hexadentate complex with Zr4+ that exhibits instability contributing to bone uptake of 89Zr, while the cationic charge of the Zr4+-DFO complex may promote normal tissue uptake of the radioimmunoconjugates (RICs). DFO* is a novel chelator that forms a more stable octadentate and neutral complex with 89Zr. Our aim was to compare the in vitro stability of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-human IgG (hIgG) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-hIgG RICs, and the in vivo PET imaging properties of the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1), labeled with 89Zr by conjugation to DFO or DFO*. METHODS SCN-pPhe-DFO and SCN-pPhe-DFO* were reacted with hIgG at a 14.6-fold excess or with T-DM1 at a 4.1-fold or 10-fold excess, respectively, purified and labeled with 89Zr. The number of DFO* introduced was determined by measuring the absorbance at 245/252 nm and the protein concentration was measured at 280 nm. The stability of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-hIgG was studied in vitro in human plasma, and by challenge with a 385-fold excess (0.1 mM) of DFO or EDTA. An inverse stability study was performed with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-hIgG challenged with 0.1 mM DFO*. The HER2 binding affinity of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 was measured in a direct (saturation) binding assay using SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells or SK-OV-3 human ovarian cancer cells. The biodistribution of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-T-DM1 were compared in non-tumor bearing Balb/c mice and in NOD/SCID mice with s.c. SK-OV-3 xenografts at 96 h post-intravenous injection (p.i.). MicroPET/CT images were obtained at 96 h p.i. of the RICs. RESULTS hIgG and T-DM1 were conjugated to 4.5-5.3 and 3.1 chelators (DFO or DFO*), respectively, and labeled with 89Zr to a final radiochemical purity of 91-99%. [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-hIgG was stable in vitro in human plasma or to challenge with 0.1 mM EDTA, but incubation with 0.1 mM DFO caused 26.0 ± 2.1% loss of 89Zr after 5 days. In contrast, incubation of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-hIgG with 0.1 mM DFO* resulted in 77.0 ± 3.9% loss of 89Zr after 5 days. [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 retained high affinity binding to HER2 on SK-BR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells with a Kd = 2.2 ± 0.3 nM and 1.9 ± 0.3 nM, respectively, and Bmax = 3.4 ± 0.1 × 105 and 1.1 ± 0.04 × 105 receptors/cell, respectively. Biodistribution studies of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-T-DM1 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 in Balb/c and NOD/SCID mice revealed significantly lower uptake in bone, liver, kidneys, and spleen for [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 than [89Zr]Zr-DFO-T-DM1. Uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-T-DM1 in SK-OV-3 tumors was moderate [5.0 ± 1.8% injected dose/g (%ID/g) and 6.3 ± 0.6%ID/g, respectively; P = 0.18]. Tumors were imaged with both RICs. CONCLUSION We conclude that DFO* conjugated to T-DM1 provides more stable complexation of 89Zr and therefore, [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 would be more useful than [89Zr]Zr-DFO-T-DM1 to probe the delivery of T-DM1 to tumors by PET, which we previously found is correlated with response to treatment with T-DM1 in mouse tumor xenograft models. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATION FOR PATIENT CARE This study is the first to directly compare the PET imaging properties of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-T-DM1 in a HER2-overexpressing tumor xenograft mouse model. Our results indicate that [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-T-DM1 provides superior imaging properties due to the greater stability of the [89Zr]Zr-DFO* than [89Zr]Zr-DFO complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noor Al-Saden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juri Möbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Buchwalder C, Jaraquemada-Peláez MDG, Rousseau J, Merkens H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Orvig C, Bénard F, Schaffer P, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Evaluation of the Tetrakis(3-Hydroxy-4-Pyridinone) Ligand THPN with Zirconium(IV): Thermodynamic Solution Studies, Bifunctionalization, and in Vivo Assessment of Macromolecular 89Zr-THPN-Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14667-14681. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Buchwalder
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Julie Rousseau
- BC Cancer Agency, Department of Functional Imaging, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- BC Cancer Agency, Department of Functional Imaging, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- BC Cancer Agency, Department of Functional Imaging, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O. Häfeli
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Zirconium-89 radio-nanochemistry and its applications towards the bioimaging of prostate cancer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Toporivska Y, Gumienna-Kontecka E. The solution thermodynamic stability of desferrioxamine B (DFO) with Zr(IV). J Inorg Biochem 2019; 198:110753. [PMID: 31229836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine B (DFO, [H4L]+, ligand) is currently the preferred chelator for 89Zr(IV), however the biological studies suggest that it releases the metal ion in vivo. Herein, we present the solution thermodynamics of complexes formed between Zr(IV) and this hexadentate chelating agent, the data surprisingly not yet available in the literature. Several techniques including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), potentiometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to determine the stoichiometry and thermodynamic stability of complexes formed in solution over pH range 1-11, overcoming all the difficulties with the characterisation of the aqueous solution chemistry of Zr(IV) complexes, like strong hydrolysis and lack of spectral information. A model containing only mononuclear complexes, i.e. [ZrHL]2+ [ZrL]+, [ZrLH-1] throughout the entire measured pH range is proposed. The stability constants and pM (Zr(IV)) value determined for Zr(IV)-DFO system, place DFO among good Zr(IV) chelators, however the formation of 6-coordinate unsaturated complexes (i.e. with coordination sphere of 8-coordinate Zr(IV) completed by water molecules), together with the susceptibility of coordinated water molecule to deprotonation, are suggested to be the reason of in vivo instability of 89Zr(IV)-DFO complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Toporivska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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