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Huang W, Zhang Y, Cao M, Wu Y, Jiao F, Chu Z, Zhou X, Li L, Xu D, Pan X, Guan Y, Huang G, Liu J, Xie F, Wei W. ImmunoPET imaging of Trop2 in patients with solid tumours. EMBO Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s44321-024-00059-5. [PMID: 38565806 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting and selecting patients who can benefit from targeted or immunotherapy is crucial for precision therapy. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) has been extensively investigated as a pan-cancer biomarker expressed in various tumours and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through multiple signalling pathways. Our laboratory successfully developed two 68Ga-labelled nanobody tracers that can rapidly and specifically target Trop2. Of the two tracers, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-T4, demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetics in preclinical mouse models and a beagle dog. Moreover, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-T4 immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) allowed noninvasive visualisation of Trop2 heterogeneous and differential expression in preclinical solid tumour models and ten patients with solid tumours. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-T4 immunoPET could facilitate clinical decision-making through patient stratification and response monitoring during Trop2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200217, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lianghua Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinbing Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Wyszatko K, Janzen N, Silva LR, Kwon L, Komal T, Ventura M, Venugopal C, Singh SK, Valliant JF, Sadeghi S. 89Zr-labeled ImmunoPET targeting the cancer stem cell antigen CD133 using fully-human antibody constructs. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38498285 PMCID: PMC10948676 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells play an important role in driving tumor growth and treatment resistance, which makes them a promising therapeutic target to prevent cancer recurrence. Emerging cancer stem cell-targeted therapies would benefit from companion diagnostic imaging probes to aid in patient selection and monitoring response to therapy. To this end, zirconium-89-radiolabeled immunoPET probes that target the cancer stem cell-antigen CD133 were developed using fully human antibody and antibody scFv-Fc scaffolds. RESULTS ImmunoPET probes [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 0.7 ± 0.1), [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 3.0 ± 0.3), and [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) were radiolabeled with zirconium-89 (radiochemical yield 42 ± 5%, 97 ± 2%, 86 ± 12%, respectively) and each was isolated in > 97% radiochemical purity with specific activities of 120 ± 30, 270 ± 90, and 200 ± 60 MBq/mg, respectively. In vitro binding assays showed a low-nanomolar binding affinity of 0.6 to 1.1 nM (95% CI) for DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 0.7 ± 0.1), 0.3 to 1.9 nM (95% CI) for DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 3.0 ± 0.3), and 1.5 to 3.3 nM (95% CI) for DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (C/A = 0.3). Biodistribution studies found that [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) exhibited the highest tumor uptake (23 ± 4, 21 ± 2, and 23 ± 4%ID/g at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively) and showed low uptake (< 6%ID/g) in all off-target organs at each timepoint (24, 48, and 72 h). Comparatively, [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 0.7 ± 0.1) and [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 3.0 ± 0.3) both reached maximum tumor uptake (16 ± 3%ID/g and 16 ± 2%ID/g, respectively) at 96 h p.i. and showed higher liver uptake (10.2 ± 3%ID/g and 15 ± 3%ID/g, respectively) at that timepoint. Region of interest analysis to assess PET images of mice administered [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) showed that this probe reached a maximum tumor uptake of 22 ± 1%ID/cc at 96 h, providing a tumor-to-liver ratio that exceeded 1:1 at 48 h p.i. Antibody-antigen mediated tumor uptake was demonstrated through biodistribution and PET imaging studies, where for each probe, co-injection of excess unlabeled RW03IgG resulted in > 60% reduced tumor uptake. CONCLUSIONS Fully human CD133-targeted immunoPET probes [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG and [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc accumulate in CD133-expressing tumors to enable their delineation through PET imaging. Having identified [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) as the most attractive construct for CD133-expressing tumor delineation, the next step is to evaluate this probe using patient-derived tumor models to test its detection limit prior to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wyszatko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Rafael Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Kwon
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response Innovation Centre (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teesha Komal
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response Innovation Centre (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuela Ventura
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response Innovation Centre (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Wu Y, Li T, Zhang X, Jing H, Li F, Huo L. Preclinical evaluation of the theranostic potential of 89Zr/ 177Lu-labeled anti-TROP-2 antibody in triple-negative breast cancer model. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:5. [PMID: 38194043 PMCID: PMC10776551 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors among women, characterized by high invasiveness, high heterogeneity, and lack of specific therapeutic targets such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (TROP-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein over-expressed in 80% of TNBC patients and is associated with the occurrence, progress, and poor prognosis of TNBC. The TROP-2 targeted immunoPET imaging allows non-invasive quantification of the TROP-2 expression levels of tumors, which could help to screen beneficiaries most likely to respond to SG and predict the response. This study aimed to develop a 89Zr/177Lu-radiolabeled anti-TROP-2 antibody (NY003) for immunoPET and SPECT imaging, as well as radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in TROP-2 (+)TNBC tumor-bearing model. Based on the camelid antibody, we developed a TROP-2 targeted recombinant antibody NY003. NY003 was conjugated with DFO and DTPA for 89Zr and 177Lu radiolabelling, respectively. The theranostic potential of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NY003/[177Lu]Lu-DTPA-NY003 was evaluated through immunoPET, SPECT imaging, and RIT studies in the subcutaneous TROP-2 positive TNBC xenograft mice model. RESULTS The high binding affinity of NY003 to TROP-2 was verified through ELISA. The radiochemical purity of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NY003/[177Lu]Lu-DTPA-NY003 exceeded 95% and remained stable within 144h p.i. in vitro. ImmunoPET and SPECT imaging showed the specific accumulation of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NY003/[177Lu]Lu-DTPA-NY003 in MDA-MB-231 tumors and gradually increased with the time tested, significantly higher than that in control groups (P < 0.05). The strongest anti-tumor efficacy was observed in the high-dose of [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-NY003 group, followed by the low-dose group, the tumor growth was significantly suppressed by [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-NY003, the tumor volumes of both high- and low-dose groups were smaller than the control groups (P < 0.05). Ex vivo biodistribution and histological staining verified the results of in vivo imaging and RIT studies. CONCLUSION As a drug platform for radiotheranostics, 89Zr/177Lu-radiolabeled anti-TROP-2 antibody NY003 could not only non-invasively screen the potential beneficiaries for optimizing SG ADC treatment but also suppressed the growth of TROP-2 positive TNBC tumors, strongly supporting the theranostic potential of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NY003/[177Lu]Lu-DTPA-NY003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wu
- Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases Research Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases Research Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongli Jing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases Research Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases Research Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases Research Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Huang W, Liang C, Zhang Y, Zhang D, An S, Wu Q, Li J, Zhao H, Wang C, Cui J, Bao Z, Huang G, Wei W, Liu J. ImmunoPET imaging of Trop2 expression in solid tumors with nanobody tracers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:380-394. [PMID: 37792026 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high expression of the transmembrane glycoprotein trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop2) was strongly associated with the progression of solid tumors, including pancreatic and gastric cancers. Our study aimed to construct Trop2-specific immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) probes and assess the diagnostic abilities in preclinical pancreatic and gastric cancer models. METHODS The expression of Trop2 in pancreatic cancer was determined by single-cell sequencing and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray (TMA). Flow cytometry was used to screen the expression of Trop2 in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Two nanobodies (i.e., RTD98 and RTD01) targeting Trop2 were developed and labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga, T1/2 = 1.1 h) to construct immunoPET imaging probes. The agents were researched in cell-derived pancreatic and patient-derived gastric cancer models expressing varying Trop2. RESULTS Single-cell sequencing results showed high expression of Trop2 in pancreatic ductal cells as well as acinar cells and immunohistochemical staining of TMA from pancreatic cancers showed significantly higher expression of Trop2 in cancerous than in paracancerous tissues. ImmunoPET utilizing [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RTD98 could clearly delineate subcutaneous tumors, both in cell-derived pancreatic cancer models and patient-derived gastric cancer models, superior to imaging using [18F]-FDG or a non-specific probe [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RTD161. Another probe with improved pharmacokinetics targeting Trop2, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-RTD01, was further prepared and showed advantageous diagnostic capabilities in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. CONCLUSION In the work, we reported two nanobody tracers targeting human Trop2 which may facilitate better use of Trop2-targeted therapeutics by noninvasively displaying expression dynamics of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chenyi Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qianyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhouzhou Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Gallegos CA, Lu Y, Clements JC, Song PN, Lynch SE, Mascioni A, Jia F, Hartman YE, Massicano AVF, Houson HA, Lapi SE, Warram JM, Markert JM, Sorace AG. [ 89Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET imaging of glioblastoma multiforme response to combination oncolytic viral and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy reveals CD8 infiltration differential changes in preclinical models. Theranostics 2024; 14:911-923. [PMID: 38250045 PMCID: PMC10797292 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Novel immune-activating therapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have shown potential for tumor regression and increased survival over standard therapies. However, immunotherapy efficacy remains inconsistent with response assessment being complicated by early treatment-induced apparent radiological tumor progression and slow downstream effects. This inability to determine early immunotherapeutic benefit results in a drastically decreased window for alternative, and potentially more effective, treatment options. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of combination immunotherapy on early CD8+ cell infiltration and its association with long term response in orthotopic syngeneic glioblastoma models. Methods: Luciferase positive GBM orthotopic mouse models (GSC005-luc) were imaged via [89Zr]-CD8 positron emission tomography (PET) one week following treatment with saline, anti-PD1, M002 oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) or combination immunotherapy. Subsequently, brains were excised, imaged via [89Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET and evaluated though autoradiography and histology for H&E and CD8 immunohistochemistry. Longitudinal immunotherapeutic effects were evaluated through [89Zr]-CD8 PET imaging one- and three-weeks following treatment, with changes in tumor volume monitored on a three-day basis via bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Response classification was then performed based on long-term BLI signal changes. Statistical analysis was performed between groups using one-way ANOVA and two-sided unpaired T-test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Correlations between imaging and biological validation were assessed via Pearson's correlation test. Results: [89Zr]-CD8 PET standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification was correlated with ex vivo SUV quantification (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), autoradiography (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), and IHC tumor CD8+ cell density (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Classification of therapeutic responders, via bioluminescence signal, revealed a more homogeneous CD8+ immune cell distribution in responders (p < 0.05) one-week following immunotherapy. Conclusions: Assessment of early CD8+ cell infiltration and distribution in the tumor microenvironment provides potential imaging metrics for the characterization of oHSV and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy response in GBM. The combination therapies showed enhanced efficacy compared to single agent immunotherapies. Further development of immune-focused imaging methods can provide clinically relevant metrics associated with immune cell localization that can inform immunotherapeutic efficacy and subsequent treatment response in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gallegos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Clements
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shannon E. Lynch
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Fang Jia
- Imaginab, Inc, Inglewood, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda E. Hartman
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Hailey A. Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M. Warram
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Arroyo A, Lyashchenko SK, Lewis JS. Methods for the Production of Radiolabeled Bioagents for ImmunoPET. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:117-142. [PMID: 38006494 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin-based positron emission tomography (ImmunoPET) is making increasingly significant contributions to the nuclear imaging toolbox. The exquisite specificity of antibodies combined with the high-resolution imaging of PET enables clinicians and researchers to localize diseases, especially cancer, with a high degree of spatial certainty. This review focuses on the radiopharmaceutical preparation necessary to obtain those images-the work behind the scenes, which occurs even before the patient or animal is injected with the radioimmunoconjugate. The focus of this methods review will be the chelation of four radioisotopes to their most common and clinically relevant chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arroyo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Linguanti F, Abenavoli EM, Calabretta R, Berti V, Lopci E. ImmunoPET Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5886. [PMID: 38136430 PMCID: PMC10741542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases, or RTKs, are one large family of cell surface receptors involved in signal transduction, which represent an integral part of the signaling pathways. They play a crucial role in most important cellular processes, starting with the cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation, as well as cell migration, metabolism and survival. The introduction of ImmunoPET evaluating the expression of RTKs by specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or antibody fragments is regarded as a promising tool for imaging treatment efficacy and developing anticancer therapeutics. Our review focuses mainly on the current clinical research regarding ImmunoPET targeting RTKs, with particular interest in the epidermal growth factor family, or HER family, and vascular endothelial-derived growth factor/receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Linguanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (V.B.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Ospedale San Donato, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Calabretta
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Berti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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Fan X, Ważyńska MA, Kol A, Perujo Holland N, Fernandes B, van Duijnhoven SMJ, Plat A, van Eenennaam H, Elsinga PH, Nijman HW, de Bruyn M. Development of [ 89Zr]Zr-hCD103.Fab01A and [ 68Ga]Ga-hCD103.Fab01A for PET imaging to noninvasively assess cancer reactive T cell infiltration: Fab-based CD103 immunoPET. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:100. [PMID: 37985555 PMCID: PMC10661679 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD103 is an integrin specifically expressed on the surface of cancer-reactive T cells. The number of CD103+ T cells significantly increases during successful immunotherapy and might therefore be an attractive biomarker for noninvasive PET imaging of immunotherapy response. Since the long half-life of antibodies preclude repeat imaging of CD103+ T cell dynamics early in therapy, we therefore here explored PET imaging with CD103 Fab fragments radiolabeled with a longer (89Zr) and shorter-lived radionuclide (68Ga). METHODS Antihuman CD103 Fab fragment Fab01A was radiolabeled with 89Zr or 68Ga, generating [89Zr]Zr-hCD103.Fab01A and [68Ga]Ga-hCD103.Fab01A, respectively. In vivo evaluation of these tracers was performed in male nude mice (BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu) with established CD103-expressing CHO (CHO.CD103) or CHO-wildtype (CHO.K1) xenografts, followed by serial PET imaging and ex vivo bio-distribution. RESULTS [89Zr]Zr-hCD103.Fab01A showed high tracer uptake in CD103+ xenografts as early as 3 h post-injection. However, the background signal remained high in the 3- and 6-h scans. The background was relatively low at 24 h after injection with sufficient tumor uptake. [68Ga]Ga-hCD103.Fab01Ashowed acceptable uptake and signal-to-noise ratio in CD103+ xenografts after 3 h, which decreased at subsequent time points. CONCLUSION [89Zr]Zr-hCD103.Fab01A demonstrated a relatively low background and high xenograft uptake in scans as early as 6 h post-injection and could be explored for repeat imaging during immunotherapy in clinical trials. 18F or 64Cu could be explored as alternative to 68Ga in optimizing half-life and radiation burden of the tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta A Ważyńska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Kol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Noemi Perujo Holland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruna Fernandes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annechien Plat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Chevaleyre C, Novell A, Tournier N, Dauba A, Dubois S, Kereselidze D, Selingue E, Jego B, Maillère B, Larrat B, Nozach H, Truillet C. Efficient PD-L1 imaging of murine glioblastoma with FUS-aided immunoPET by leveraging FcRn-antibody interaction. Theranostics 2023; 13:5584-5596. [PMID: 37908736 PMCID: PMC10614689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The passage of antibodies through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-tumoral barrier (BTB) is determinant not only to increase the immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy but also to monitor prognostic and predictive biomarkers such as the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) via immunoPET. Although the involvement of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in antibody distribution has been demonstrated, its function at the BBB remains controversial, while it is unknown at the BTB. In this context, we assessed FcRn's role by pharmacokinetic immunoPET imaging combined with focused ultrasounds (FUS) using unmodified and FcRn low-affinity IgGs targeting PD-L1 in a preclinical orthotopic glioblastoma model. Methods: Transcranial FUS were applied over the whole brain in mice shortly before injecting the anti-PD-L1 IgG 89Zr-DFO-C4 or its FcRn low-affinity mutant 89Zr-DFO-C4Fc-MUT in a syngeneic glioblastoma murine model (GL261-GFP). Brain uptake was measured from PET scans acquired up to 7 days post-injection. Kinetic modeling was performed to compare the brain kinetics of both C4 formats. Results: FUS efficiently enhanced the delivery of both C4 radioligands in the brain with high reproducibility. 89Zr-DFO-C4Fc-MUT mean concentrations in the brain reached a significant uptake of 3.75±0.41%ID/cc with FUS against 1.92±0.45%ID/cc without, at 1h post-injection. A substantial and similar entry of both C4 radioligands was observed at a rate of 0.163±0.071 mL/h/g of tissue during 10.4±4.6min. The impaired interaction with FcRn of 89Zr-DFO-C4Fc-MUT significantly decreased the efflux constant from the healthy brain tissue to plasma compared with non-mutated IgG. Abolishing FcRn interaction allows determining the target engagement related to the specific binding as soon as 12h post-injection. Conclusion: Abolishing Fc-FcRn interaction confers improved kinetic properties to 89Zr-DFO-C4Fc-MUT for immunoPET imaging. FUS-aided BBB/BTB disruption enables quantitative imaging of PD-L1 expression by glioblastoma tumors within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chevaleyre
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Anthony Novell
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Ambre Dauba
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Steven Dubois
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Erwan Selingue
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin/BAOBAB, Centre d'études de Saclay, Bâtiment 145, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Jego
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Bernard Maillère
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin/BAOBAB, Centre d'études de Saclay, Bâtiment 145, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Nozach
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
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10
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O'Brien SR, Ward R, Wu GG, Bagheri S, Kiani M, Challa A, Ulaner GA, Pantel AR, McDonald ES. Other Novel PET Radiotracers for Breast Cancer. PET Clin 2023; 18:557-566. [PMID: 37369615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Many novel PET radiotracers have demonstrated potential use in breast cancer. Although not currently approved for clinical use in the breast cancer population, these innovative imaging agents may one day play a role in the diagnosis, staging, management, and even treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R O'Brien
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rebecca Ward
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace G Wu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/Sina_Bagherii
| | - Mahsa Kiani
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashrit Challa
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; Radiology and Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth S McDonald
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Liang C, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhang D, An S, Wu Q, Zhao H, Wang C, Huang G, Wei W, Liu J. ImmunoPET Imaging of CD47 with VHH-Derived Tracers in Pancreatic Cancers. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4184-4195. [PMID: 37403817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with insidious onset, rapid progression, and a very poor prognosis. CD47 is a transmembrane protein associated with the development and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of novel immunoPET tracers targeting CD47 in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. The association of CD47 expression with pancreatic cancer was analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis platform. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays was performed to detect CD47 expression in PDAC. CD47 expression levels on BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cell membranes were compared using flow cytometry. A VHH (C2)-targeting human CD47 and its albumin-binding derivative (ABDC2) were labeled with 68Ga or 89Zr, respectively. The developed tracers were evaluated by immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging in tumor-bearing nude and CD47-humanized mice. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 effectively detected tumor lesions in nude mice models and further showed confirmative imaging capacity in CD47-humanized PDAC models. Compared with [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2 had a significantly prolonged circulation time, increased tumor uptake, and reduced accumulation in the kidneys. Finally, biodistribution and histological staining confirmed the results of the immunoPET imaging studies. In this study, we validated that two novel VHH-derived molecular imaging tracers for immunoPET imaging ([68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2) can effectively annotate CD47 expression and diagnose PDAC in a target-specific manner. Clinical application of the imaging strategies may help select patients for CD47-targeted therapies and assess the response thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qianyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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12
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van Sluis J, Boellaard R, Dierckx RAJO, van Esch ELM, Croes DA, de Ruijter LK, van de Donk PP, de Vries EGE, Noordzij W, Brouwers AH. Optimisation of scan duration and image quality in oncological 89Zr immunoPET imaging using the Biograph Vision PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2258-2270. [PMID: 36947185 PMCID: PMC10250429 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based PET (immunoPET) imaging can characterise tumour lesions non-invasively. It may be a valuable tool to determine which patients may benefit from treatment with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and evaluate treatment response. For 89Zr immunoPET imaging, higher sensitivity of state-of-the art PET/CT systems equipped with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based detector elements may be beneficial as the low positron abundance of 89Zr causes a low signal-to-noise level. Moreover, the long physical half-life limits the amount of activity that can be administered to the patients leading to poor image quality even when using long scan durations. Here, we investigated the difference in semiquantitative performance between the PMT-based Biograph mCT, our clinical reference system, and the SiPM-based Biograph Vision PET/CT in 89Zr immunoPET imaging. Furthermore, the effects of scan duration reduction using the Vision on semiquantitative imaging parameters and its influence on image quality assessment were evaluated. METHODS Data were acquired on day 4 post 37 MBq 89Zr-labelled mAb injection. Five patients underwent a double scan protocol on both systems. Ten patients were scanned only on the Vision. For PET image reconstruction, three protocols were used, i.e. one camera-dependent protocol and European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Limited (EARL) standards 1 and 2 compliant protocols. Vision data were acquired in listmode and were reprocessed to obtain images at shorter scan durations. Semiquantitative PET image parameters were derived from tumour lesions and healthy tissues to assess differences between systems and scan durations. Differently reconstructed images obtained using the Vision were visually scored regarding image quality by two nuclear medicine physicians. RESULTS When images were reconstructed using 100% acquisition time on both systems following EARL standard 1 compliant reconstruction protocols, results regarding semiquantification were comparable. For Vision data, reconstructed images that conform to EARL1 standards still resulted in comparable semiquantification at shorter scan durations (75% and 50%) regarding 100% acquisition time. CONCLUSION Scan duration of 89Zr immunoPET imaging using the Vision can be decreased up to 50% compared with using the mCT while maintaining image quality using the EARL1 compliant reconstruction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce van Sluis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien L M van Esch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Demi A Croes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Kist de Ruijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim P van de Donk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mulero F. Editorial: ImmunoPET imaging in disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1231525. [PMID: 37409277 PMCID: PMC10319129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1231525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
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14
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Guo Z, Zhu L, Xu W, Luo X, Chen H, Li X, Zuo C. PD-L1 ImmunoPET on the basis of Avidin/Biotin pre-targeted cancer imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:23-28. [PMID: 37354656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the radio-immune imaging protocol on the basis of Avidin/Biotin system. The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody (Atezolizumab) was employed as the primary molecule in targeting PD-L1, and the two-step strategy, consisting of the first injection of Avidin-conjugated PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (Atezolizumab) and the second injection of 7.4 MBq 68Ga-Biotin with a 60 h interval, was then verified on the colon cancer-bearing mice. PET imaging was performed at 30, 90, 180 min to measure the standard uptake value and tumor to liver ratios. Cellular binding experiments and in vivo distribution showed that the conjugation of Avidin did not affect the affinity of Atezolizumab to PD-L1 antigen. Biotin was radio-labeled with 68Ga with radiolabeling efficiency of 70.5 ± 3.5% and purification was needed to increase the radiochemical purity. For PD-L1-positive tumors, SUVmax was 0.38 ± 0.06 in the Avidin-Atezolizumab pre-treated mice at 90 min; the tumor/liver ratios of pre-targeting group were 1.06 ± 0.19 and 0.97 ± 0.16 at 30 and 90 min, while the absence of pre-treatment of Avidin was of the lower ratios as 0.88 ± 0.01 and 0.54 ± 0.11 when 68Ga-Biotin served as the radiopharmaceutical as well. In conclusion, pre-targeting immunoPET strategy can elevate the target-to-nontarget ratio, decrease the blood background and shorten the interval between injection of radiopharmaceuticals and PET scan, providing a highly PD-L1-specific and sensitive imaging method for the detection of tumorous immune micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lizhi Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei, 441021, China
| | - Xiu Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei, 441021, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Dewulf J, Flieswasser T, Delahaye T, Vangestel C, Miranda A, de Haard H, Jacobs J, Smits E, Van den Wyngaert T, Elvas F. Site-specific 68Ga-labeled nanobody for PET imaging of CD70 expression in preclinical tumor models. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:8. [PMID: 37093350 PMCID: PMC10126183 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD70-CD27 is a costimulatory ligand-receptor pair in the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. With only limited expression in normal tissues, CD70 is constitutively expressed in a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, facilitating immunosuppression through CD27 signaling in the tumor microenvironment by enhanced survival of regulatory T cells, induction of T cell apoptosis, and T cell exhaustion. Consequently, CD70 is an increasingly recognized target for developing antibody-based therapies, but its expression patterns vary among different tumor types in spatial distribution, magnitude of expression and percentage of positive cells. In that regard, individual confirmation of CD70 expression at screening and during treatment could enhance the successful implementation of anti-CD70 therapies. Here, we developed a gallium-68 (68Ga) radiolabeled single-domain antibody-fragment targeting CD70 for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. RESULTS An anti-CD70 VHH construct containing a C-direct-tag with a free thiol was developed to enable site-specific conjugation to a NOTA bifunctional chelator for 68Ga radiolabeling. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-CD70 VHH was obtained in good radiochemical yield of 30.4 ± 1.7% and high radiochemical purity (> 94%). The radiolabeled VHH showed excellent in vitro and in vivo stability. Specific binding of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-CD70 VHH was observed on CD70high 786-O cells, showing significantly higher cell-associated activity when compared to the blocking condition (p < 0.0001) and CD70low NCl-H1975 cells (p < 0.0001). PET imaging showed specific radiotracer accumulation in CD70 expressing human tumor xenografts, which was efficiently blocked by prior injection of unlabeled anti-CD70 VHH (p = 0.0029). In addition, radiotracer uptake in CD70high tumors was significantly higher when compared with CD70low tumors (p < 0.0001). The distribution of the radioactivity in the tumors using autoradiography was spatially matched with immunohistochemistry analysis of CD70 expression. CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-CD70 VHH showed excellent in vivo targeting of CD70 in human cancer xenografts. PET imaging using this radioimmunoconjugate holds promise as a non-invasive method to identify and longitudinally follow-up patients who will benefit most from anti-CD70 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dewulf
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tal Flieswasser
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IPPON, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tim Delahaye
- argenx BV, Industriepark 7, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alan Miranda
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans de Haard
- argenx BV, Industriepark 7, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Julie Jacobs
- argenx BV, Industriepark 7, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IPPON, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Sriraman SK, Davies CW, Gill H, Kiefer JR, Yin J, Ogasawara A, Urrutia A, Javinal V, Lin Z, Seshasayee D, Abraham R, Haas P, Koth C, Marik J, Koerber JT, Williams SP. Development of an 18F-labeled anti-human CD8 VHH for same-day immunoPET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:679-691. [PMID: 36346438 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer immunotherapies (CITs) have revolutionized the treatment of certain cancers, but many patients fail to respond or relapse from current therapies, prompting the need for new CIT agents. CD8+ T cells play a central role in the activity of many CITs, and thus, the rapid imaging of CD8+ cells could provide a critical biomarker for new CIT agents. However, existing 89Zr-labeled CD8 PET imaging reagents exhibit a long circulatory half-life and high radiation burden that limit potential applications such as same-day and longitudinal imaging. METHODS To this end, we discovered and developed a 13-kDa single-domain antibody (VHH5v2) against human CD8 to enable high-quality, same-day imaging with a reduced radiation burden. To enable sensitive and rapid imaging, we employed a site-specific conjugation strategy to introduce an 18F radiolabel to the VHH. RESULTS The anti-CD8 VHH, VHH5v2, demonstrated binding to a membrane distal epitope of human CD8 with a binding affinity (KD) of 500 pM. Subsequent imaging experiments in several xenografts that express varying levels of CD8 demonstrated rapid tumor uptake and fast clearance from the blood. High-quality images were obtained within 1 h post-injection and could quantitatively differentiate the tumor models based on CD8 expression level. CONCLUSION Our work reveals the potential of this anti-human CD8 VHH [18F]F-VHH5v2 to enable rapid and specific imaging of CD8+ cells in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Kumar Sriraman
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Christopher W Davies
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Herman Gill
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James R Kiefer
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jianping Yin
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Annie Ogasawara
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Alejandra Urrutia
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Vincent Javinal
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ryan Abraham
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Phil Haas
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Christopher Koth
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jan Marik
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Simon Peter Williams
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Genetech, CA, 94080, USA.
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17
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Bonvicini G, Syvänen S, Andersson KG, Haaparanta-Solin M, López-Picón F, Sehlin D. ImmunoPET imaging of amyloid-beta in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease with a bispecific, brain-penetrating fusion protein. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:55. [PMID: 36567338 PMCID: PMC9791759 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hijacking the transferrin receptor (TfR) is an effective strategy to transport amyloid-beta (Aβ) immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) ligands across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such ligands are more sensitive and specific than small-molecule ligands at detecting Aβ pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to determine if this strategy would be as sensitive in rats and to assess how TfR affinity affects BBB transport of bispecific immunoPET radioligands. METHODS Two affinity variants of the rat TfR antibody, OX26, were chemically conjugated to a F(ab')2 fragment of the anti-Aβ antibody, bapineuzumab (Bapi), to generate two bispecific fusion proteins: OX265-F(ab')2-Bapi and OX2676-F(ab')2-Bapi. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed 4 h and 70 h post-injection of radioiodinated fusion proteins in wild-type (WT) rats. [124I]I-OX265-F(ab')2-Bapi was administered to TgF344-AD and WT rats for in vivo PET imaging. Ex vivo distribution of injected [124I]I-OX265-F(ab')2-Bapi and Aβ pathology were assessed. RESULTS More [125I]I-OX265-F(ab')2-Bapi was taken up into the brain 4 h post-administration than [124I]I-OX2676-F(ab')2-Bapi. [124I]I-OX265-F(ab')2-Bapi PET visualized Aβ pathology with significantly higher signals in the TgF344-AD rats than in the WT littermates without Aβ pathology. The PET signals significantly correlated with Aβ levels in AD animals. CONCLUSION Affinity to TfR affects how efficiently a TfR-targeting bispecific fusion protein will cross the BBB, such that the higher-affinity bispecific fusion protein crossed the BBB more efficiently. Furthermore, bispecific immunoPET imaging of brain Aβ pathology using TfR-mediated transport provides good imaging contrast between TgF344-AD and WT rats, suggesting that this immunoPET strategy has the potential to be translated to higher species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Bonvicini
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden ,BioArctic AB, 112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco López-Picón
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Dag Sehlin
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Li C, Liu J, Yang X, Yang Q, Huang W, Zhang M, Zhou D, Wang R, Gong J, Miao Q, Kang L, Yang J. Theranostic application of 64Cu/ 177Lu-labeled anti-Trop2 monoclonal antibody in pancreatic cancer tumor models. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 50:168-183. [PMID: 36063202 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy, strong heterogeneity, and high lethality. Trop2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein associated with the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. This study aims to develop 64Cu/177Lu-labeled anti-Trop2 monoclonal antibody (hIMB1636) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) application in pancreatic cancer tumor models. METHODS The binding kinetics of hIMB1636 to Trop2 antigen was measured by Biolayer interferometry (BLI). Western blotting was used to screen the Trop2 expression of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry and cell immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the binding ability of hIMB1636 and Trop2 on the cell surface. hIMB1636 were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA (NOTA) and DOTA-NHS-ester (DOTA) for 64Cu and 177Lu radiolabeling respectively. ImmunoPET imaging and RIT studies were performed using 64Cu-NOTA-hIMB1636 and 177Lu-DOTA-hIMB1636 in subcutaneous pancreatic cancer tumor models. RESULTS hIMB1636 had a strong binding affinity to Trop2 according to the results of BLI. The T3M-4 cell line showed the strongest expression of Trop2 and specific binding ability of hIMB1636 according to the results of Western blotting, flow cytometry, and cell immunofluorescence. The radiochemical purity of 64Cu-NOTA-hIMB1636 and 177Lu-DOTA-hIMB1636 exceeded 95%. PET imaging showed gradually an accumulation of 64Cu-NOTA-hIMB1636 in T3M-4 tumor models. The maximum tumor uptake was 8.95 ± 1.07%ID/g (n = 4) at 48 h post injection (p.i.), which had significant differences with T3M-4-blocked and PaTu8988-negative groups (P < 0.001). The high-177Lu-hIMB1636 group demonstrated the strongest tumor suppression with standardized tumor volume about 94.24 ± 14.62% (n = 5) at 14 days p.i., significantly smaller than other groups (P < 0.05). Ex vivo biodistribution and histological staining verified the in vivo PET imaging and RIT results. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that 64Cu/177Lu-labeled hIMB1636 could noninvasively evaluate the expression level of Trop2 and inhibit the Trop2-overexpressed tumor growth in pancreatic cancer tumor models. Further clinical evaluation and translation of Trop2-targeted drug may be of great help in the stratification and management of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Str., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Str., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wenpeng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Str., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Courtyard No. 2, Nanwei Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Courtyard No. 2, Nanwei Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Qingfang Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Courtyard No. 2, Nanwei Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Str., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd., Xicheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China.
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19
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Mulero F. ImmunoPET in oncology. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022; 41:332-339. [PMID: 35961857 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to increase of immunotherapy in oncology, it is essential to have a biological characterization of tumors. Knowing which antigens are expressed both on the surface of the tumor cell and at tumor microenvironment in order to predict the tretment response different therapeutic antibodies, has become a need. ImmunoPET is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging tool that combines the high specificity of antibodies against antigens with the high sensitivity, resolution and quantification capacity of PET imaging. With ImmunoPET we obtain a virtual biopsy of tumors, it has a big present and future in preclinical-clinical research, being already a reality in predicting and monitoring the response to treatments with monoclonal antibodies, allowing a selection of patients and therapies reaching a personalized medicine contributing to improve clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Mulero
- Unidad de Imagen Molecular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Abstract
Nanobody is among the most promising vectors for developing molecular imaging tracers. Several nanobody tracers targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or programmed death-ligand 1 have entered clinical practice. However, radiolabeled single valent nanobodies generally have high kidney retention, limiting their therapeutic applications. Therefore, engineering strategies such as PEGylation or incorporation of renal cleavable linkers can be adapted to improve pharmacokinetics and reduce kidney retention. In this Focus on molecular imaging review, we try to summarize the latest development of nanobody-derived agents and propose potential strategies that can be used to improve the theranostic value of radiolabeled nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | | | - Xiaoli Lan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States
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21
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Verhoeff SR, van de Donk PP, Aarntzen EHJG, Oosting SF, Brouwers AH, Miedema IHC, Voortman J, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt WC, Boellaard R, Vriens D, Slingerland M, Hermsen R, van Engen-van Grunsven I, Heskamp S, van Herpen CML. 89Zr-DFO-durvalumab PET/CT prior to durvalumab treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1523-1530. [PMID: 35512998 PMCID: PMC9536699 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the PINCH study we performed 89Zr-DFO-durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) PET/CT in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) prior to monotherapy durvalumab treatment. The primary aims were to assess safety and feasibility of 89Zr-DFO-durvalumab PET-imaging and predict disease control rate during durvalumab treatment. Secondary aims were to correlate 89Zr-DFO-durvalumab uptake to tumor PD-L1 expression, 18F-FDG uptake, and treatment response of individual lesions. Methods: In this prospective multicenter phase I-II study (NCT03829007), patients with incurable R/M SCCHN underwent baseline [18F]FDG PET and CT or MRI imaging. Subsequently, PD-L1 PET-imaging was performed 5 days after 37MBq [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab administration. To optimize imaging conditions, dose-finding was performed in the first 14 patients. For all patients, durvalumab treatment (1500mg/4 weeks, IV) was started <1 week after PD-L1 PET imaging and continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (maximum 24 months). CT evaluation was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 every 8 weeks. PD-L1-expression was determined by combined positive score (CPS) on (archival) tumor-tissue. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab uptake was measured in [18F]FDG-positive lesions, primary and secondary lymphoid organs, and bloodpool. Results: In total, 33 patients with locoregional recurrent (n = 12) or metastatic SCCHN (n = 21) were enrolled. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab injection was safe. A dose of 10mg durvalumab resulted in highest tumor-to-blood-ratios. After a median follow-up of 12.6 months, overall response rate was 26%. The disease control rate at 16 weeks was 48% with a mean duration of 7.8 months (range 1.7-21.1). On a patient level, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab-SUVpeak or tumor-to-blood ratio could not predict treatment response (HR 1.4 (95%CI 0.5-3.9, P = 0.54) and (HR 1.3 (95%CI 0.5-3.6, P = 0.61) respectively). Also, on a lesion level, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab-SUVpeak showed no substantial correlation to treatment response (Spearman ρ= 0.45, P = 0.051). Lesional [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab-uptake did not correlate to PD-L1 CPS score, but did correlate to [18F]FDG SUV peak (Spearman ρ= 0.391, P = 0.005). Conclusion: PINCH is the first PD-L1 PET/CT study in patients with R/M SCCHN and has shown the feasibility and safety of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab PET/CT in a multi-center trial. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-durvalumab-uptake did not correlate to durvalumab treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Verhoeff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Pim P van de Donk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje F Oosting
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jens Voortman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Vriens
- Department of Radiology, section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Rick Hermsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands
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22
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Helbert H, Ploeg EM, Samplonius DF, Blok SN, Antunes IF, Böhmer VI, Luurtsema G, Dierckx RAJO, Feringa BL, Elsinga PH, Szymanski W, Helfrich W. A proof-of-concept study on the use of a fluorescein-based 18F-tracer for pretargeted PET. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:3. [PMID: 35239034 PMCID: PMC8894538 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pretargeted immuno-PET tumor imaging has emerged as a valuable diagnostic strategy that combines the high specificity of antibody-antigen interaction with the high signal and image resolution offered by short-lived PET isotopes, while reducing the irradiation dose caused by traditional 89Zr-labelled antibodies. In this work, we demonstrate proof of concept of a novel ‘two-step’ immuno-PET pretargeting approach, based on bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) engineered to feature dual high-affinity binding activity for a fluorescein-based 18F-PET tracer and tumor markers. Results A copper(I)-catalysed click reaction-based radiolabeling protocol was developed for the synthesis of fluorescein-derived molecule [18F]TPF. Binding of [18F]TPF on FITC-bearing bsAbs was confirmed. An in vitro autoradiography assay demonstrated that [18F]TPF could be used for selective imaging of EpCAM-expressing OVCAR3 cells, when pretargeted with EpCAMxFITC bsAb. The versatility of the pretargeting approach was showcased in vitro using a series of fluorescein-binding bsAbs directed at various established cancer-associated targets, including the pan-carcinoma cell surface marker EpCAM, EGFR, melanoma marker MCSP (aka CSPG4), and immune checkpoint PD-L1, offering a range of potential future applications for this pretargeting platform. Conclusion A versatile pretargeting platform for PET imaging, which combines bispecific antibodies and a fluorescein-based 18F-tracer, is presented. It is shown to selectively target EpCAM-expressing cells in vitro and its further evaluation with different bispecific antibodies demonstrates the versatility of the approach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-022-00155-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Helbert
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emily M Ploeg
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Samplonius
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon N Blok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ines F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Verena I Böhmer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Hoang TT, Mandleywala K, Viray T, Tan KV, Lewis JS, Pereira PMR. EGFR-Targeted ImmunoPET of UMUC3 Orthotopic Bladder Tumors. Mol Imaging Biol 2022. [PMID: 35147837 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) combines the specificity of an antibody with the sensitivity of PET to image dysregulated pathways in cancer. This study examines the performance of immunoPET using the radioimmunoconjugate [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in an orthotopic model of bladder cancer (BCa). PROCEDURES Expression and quantification of EGFR receptors were confirmed in four different BCa cell lines. Binding assays validated [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab specificity for EGFR-expressing UMUC3 BCa cells. Subcutaneous and orthotopic UMUC3 xenografts were then used for PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution of the radioimmunoconjugate. Control cohorts included non-tumor mice, 89Zr-labeled non-specific IgG, and blocking experiments. RESULTS [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Panitumumab binds specifically to EGFR-expressing UMUC3 cells with a Bmax value of 5.9 × 104 EGFRs/cell in vitro. ImmunoPET/CT images show localization of the antibody in subcutaneous UMUC3 xenografts and murine bladder tumors. In the orthotopic model, the immunoPET signal correlates with the respective tumor volume. Ex vivo biodistribution analysis further confirmed imaging results. CONCLUSION The preclinical data presents a proof of concept for utilizing EGFR-targeted immunoPET to image BCa with altered EGFR protein levels.
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An S, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shi L, Wei W, Huang G, Liu J. GPC3-targeted immunoPET imaging of hepatocellular carcinomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2682-2692. [PMID: 35147737 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a clinical challenge. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a proteoglycan highly specific for HCC and is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC. This work aims to develop GPC3-targeted immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging strategies and to assess the diagnostic values in preclinical HCC models. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to screen GPC3-positive HCC cell lines. The expression of GPC3 in HCCs was detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. A novel GPC3-specific single domain antibody (sdAb) was produced and labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga, T1/2 = 1.1 h) and fluorine-18 (18F, T1/2 = 1.8 h) to develop radiotracers with different half-lives. The diagnostic efficacies of the developed probes (i.e., [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2, [18F]F-G2, and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-ABDG2) were interrogated in preclinical HCC models bearing varying GPC3 levels. RESULTS GPC3 was strongly expressed on HCC cell lines and patients with poorly differentiated HCC. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2 immunoPET imaging specifically delineated the subcutaneous HCC lesions, outperforming the traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and the nonspecific [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-NbGFP immunoPET. ImmunoPET imaging with [18F]F-G2 also efficiently diagnosed the tumors with clarity. Moreover, the fusion of G2 to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) significantly increased the tumor uptake and decreased kidney accumulation of the radiotracer when compared to [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2. CONCLUSIONS In the work, we successfully developed sdAb-derived GPC3-targeted immunoPET imaging strategies and characterized the superior diagnostic accuracies in preclinical HCC models. Furthermore, we synthesized a fusion protein ABDG2 with improved targeting and pharmacokinetic properties, serving as a promising candidate for developing radioimmunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Rd, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Abstract
B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a promising theranostic target for multiple myeloma (MM). BCMA-targeted therapeutics, such as antibody-drug conjugates and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapies, are rapidly reshaping the treatment landscape of MM. Along with the progress, a critical challenge is to noninvasively visualize the dynamic change of BCMA for a better-personalized prescription of the above-mentioned therapeutics. We aim to develop immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging strategies to visualize BCMA expression and realize target-specific diagnosis of MM in the work. A series of BCMA-targeting nanobodies were produced and two of them were successfully labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga). MM models were established using MM.1S cell line and NOD-Prkdcem26Cd52Il2rgem26Cd22/Nju mice. The diagnostic efficacies of the developed probes (i.e., [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MMBC2 and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MMBC3) were investigated in disseminated MM models by immunoPET imaging, region of interest analysis on PET images, biodistribution study, and histopathological staining study. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MMBC2 and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MMBC3 were developed with radiochemical purities of >99%. ImmunoPET imaging with either [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MMBC2 or [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MMBC3 precisely visualized BCMA expression and delineated MM lesions throughout the bone marrows. Moreover, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MMBC3 immunoPET successfully detected remnant MM after treatment with daratumumab, a prescription medicine used to treat MM. The immunoPET imaging data correlated well with the biodistribution and immunohistochemistry staining results. The work successfully developed two state-of-the-art BCMA-targeted radiotracers for annotating BCMA expression and diagnosing MM. Translational studies interpreting the diagnostic efficacies of the immunoPET radiotracers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Dun Y, Huang G, Liu J, Wei W. ImmunoPET imaging of hematological malignancies: From preclinical promise to clinical reality. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:1196-1203. [PMID: 34838729 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging is a paradigm-shifting imaging technique for whole-body and all-lesion tumor detection, based on the combined specificity of tumor-targeting vectors [e.g., monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nanobodies, and bispecific antibodies] and the sensitivity of PET imaging. By noninvasively, comprehensively, and serially revealing heterogeneous tumor antigen expression, immunoPET imaging is gradually improving the theranostic prospects for hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize the available literature regarding immunoPET in imaging hematological malignancies. We also highlight the pros and cons of current conjugation strategies, and modular chemistry that can be leveraged to develop novel immunoPET probes for hematological malignancies. Lastly, we discuss the use of immunoPET imaging in guiding antibody drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Dun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China.
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China.
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27
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Kang L, Li C, Yang Q, Sutherlin L, Wang L, Chen Z, Becker KV, Huo N, Qiu Y, Engle JW, Wang R, He C, Jiang D, Xu X, Cai W. 64Cu-labeled daratumumab F(ab') 2 fragment enables early visualization of CD38-positive lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1470-1481. [PMID: 34677626 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal CD38 expression in some hematologic malignancies, including lymphoma, has made it a biomarker for targeted therapies. Daratumumab (Dara) is the first FDA-approved CD38-specific monoclonal antibody, enabling successfully immunoPET imaging over the past years. Radiolabeled Dara however has a long blood circulation and delayed tumor uptake which can limit its applications. The focus of this study is to develop 64Cu-labeled Dara-F(ab')2 for the visualization of CD38 in lymphoma models. METHODS F(ab')2 fragment was prepared from Dara using an IdeS enzyme and purified with Protein A beads. Western blotting, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were performed for in vitro assay. Probes were labeled with 64Cu after the chelation of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA). Small animal PET imaging and quantitative analysis were performed after injection of 64Cu-labeled Dara-F(ab')2, IgG-F(ab')2, and Dara for evaluation in lymphoma models. RESULTS Flow cytometry and SPR assay proved the specific binding ability of Dara-F(ab')2 and NOTA-Dara-F(ab')2 in vitro. Radiolabeling yield of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Dara-F(ab')2 was over 90% and with a specific activity of 4.0 ± 0.6 × 103 MBq/μmol (n = 5). PET imaging showed [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Dara-F(ab')2 had a rapid and high tumor uptake as early as 2 h (6.9 ± 1.2%ID/g) and peaked (9.5 ± 0.7%ID/g) at 12 h, whereas [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Dara reached its tumor uptake peaked at 48 h (8.3 ± 1.4%ID/g, n = 4). In comparison, IgG-F(ab')2 and HBL-1 control groups found no noticeable tumor uptake. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Dara-F(ab')2 had significantly lower uptake in blood pool, bone, and muscle than [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Dara and its tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were significantly higher than controls. CONCLUSIONS [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-Dara-F(ab')2 showed a rapid and high tumor uptake in CD38-positive lymphoma models with favorable imaging contrast, showing its promise as a potential PET imaging agent for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng Dist, No. 8 Xishiku Str, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng Dist, No. 8 Xishiku Str, Beijing, 100034, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng Dist, No. 8 Xishiku Str, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Logan Sutherlin
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng Dist, No. 8 Xishiku Str, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kaelyn V Becker
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Nan Huo
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Tai-Ping Rd, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yongkang Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng Dist, No. 8 Xishiku Str, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Rongfu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng Dist, No. 8 Xishiku Str, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chengzhi He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA. .,Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Tai-Ping Rd, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
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Wu AM, Pandit-Taskar N. ImmunoPET: harnessing antibodies for imaging immune cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:181-197. [PMID: 34550529 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic, but uneven, progress in the development of immunotherapies for cancer has created a need for better diagnostic technologies including innovative non-invasive imaging approaches. This review discusses challenges and opportunities for molecular imaging in immuno-oncology and focuses on the unique role that antibodies can fill. ImmunoPET has been implemented for detection of immune cell subsets, activation and inhibitory biomarkers, tracking adoptively transferred cellular therapeutics, and many additional applications in preclinical models. Parallel progress in radionuclide availability and infrastructure supporting biopharmaceutical manufacturing has accelerated clinical translation. ImmunoPET is poised to provide key information on prognosis, patient selection, and monitoring immune responses to therapy in cancer and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Center for Theranostics Studies, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Molecular Imaging &Therapy Svc, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Theranostics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, MSK, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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29
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Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical successes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various advanced cancers, response is still limited to a subset of patients that generally exhibit tumoral expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins. Development of biomarkers assessing the expression of such ICs is therefore a major challenge nowadays to refine patient selection and improve therapeutic benefits. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using IC-targeted radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (immunoPET) provides a non-invasive and whole-body visualization of in vivo IC biodistribution. As such, PET imaging of ICs may serve as a robust biomarker to predict and monitor responses to ICIs, complementing the existing immunohistochemical techniques. Besides monoclonal antibodies, other PET radioligand formats, ranging from antibody-derived fragments to small proteins, have gained increasing interest owing to their faster pharmacokinetics and enhanced imaging characteristics. We provide an overview of the various strategies investigated so far for PET imaging of ICs in preclinical and clinical studies, emphasizing their benefits and limitations. Moreover, we discuss various parameters to consider for designing optimized and best-suited PET radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Bouleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France
| | - Vincent Lebon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France.
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30
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Ferreira CA, Kang L, Li C, Kamkaew A, Barrett KE, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Yang Y, Engle JW, Jiang D, Cai W. ImmunoPET of the differential expression of CD146 in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1586-1599. [PMID: 33948375 PMCID: PMC8085863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancement in antibody engineering, the development and characterization of new cancer-specific molecular targets are in the forefront of this PET-antibody combination "revolution". Overexpression of CD146 in different types of tumors, including breast tumor, has been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Non-invasive detection of CD146 with a monoclonal antibody may provide a noninvasive diagnostic tool with high specificity and accountability. METHODS Herein, we have developed a CD146-specific monoclonal antibody (YY146), radiolabeled it with 52Mn and 89Zr and identified its capability in acting as a non-invasive imaging agent that specific targets CD146 in different murine breast cancer models. CD146 expression was first screened in different breast tumor cell lines through Western Blot and confirmed its binding ability to YY146 using Flow Cytometry. Serial immunoPET images were carried out after intravenous administration of 52Mn or 89Zr labeled YY146. In addition, we also performed in vivo fluorescence imaging in animals injected with YY146 conjugated with Cy5.5. RESULTS Western Blot results show that MDA-MB-435 cell line had greater levels of CD146 expression when compared to the other cell lines investigated. Flow cytometry confirmed binding ability of YY146. PET images revealed well correlated uptake between tumor uptake and CD146 expression levels, confirmed by biodistribution studies and fluorescence imaging. CONCLUSION PET imaging, for up to 7 days, of mice bearing three different breast tumors were carried out and revealed radiotracer uptake in tumors that strongly (r2 = 0.98, P < 0.01), correlated with CD146 expression levels, as confirmed by in vitro and ex vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Ferreira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing, China
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI, USA
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI, USA
| | - Kendall E Barrett
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI, USA
| | | | - Yunan Yang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI, USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI, USA
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Zhao H, Wang C, Yang Y, Sun Y, Wei W, Wang C, Wan L, Zhu C, Li L, Huang G, Liu J. ImmunoPET imaging of human CD8 + T cells with novel 68Ga-labeled nanobody companion diagnostic agents. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:42. [PMID: 33563286 PMCID: PMC7871532 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment strategies for some types of cancers, most patients failed to respond or obtain long-term benefit. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes are closely related to the treatment outcome and prognosis of patients. Therefore, noninvasive elucidation of both systemic and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes is of extraordinary significance for patients during cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a panel of 68Ga-labeled Nanobodies were designed and investigated to track human CD8+ T cells in vivo through immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET). RESULTS Among the screened Nanobodies, SNA006a showed the highest binding affinity and specificity to both human CD8 protein and CD8+ cells in vitro, with the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 6.4 × 10-10 M and 4.6 × 10-10 M, respectively. 68Ga-NOTA-SNA006 was obtained with high radiochemical yield and purity, and stayed stable for at least 1 h both in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution and Micro-PET/CT imaging studies revealed that all tracers specifically concentrated in the CD8+ tumors with low accumulation in CD8- tumors and normal organs except the kidneys, where the tracer was excreted and reabsorbed. Notably, the high uptake of 68Ga-NOTA-SNA006a in CD8+ tumors was rapid and persistent, which reached 24.41 ± 1.00% ID/g at 1.5 h after intravenous injection, resulting in excellent target-to-background ratios (TBRs). More specifically, the tumor-to-muscle, tumor-to-liver, and CD8+ to CD8- tumor was 28.10 ± 3.68, 5.26 ± 0.86, and 19.58 ± 2.70 at 1.5 h, respectively. Furthermore, in the humanized PBMC-NSG and HSC-NPG mouse models, 68Ga-NOTA-SNA006a accumulated in both CD8+ tumors and specific tissues such as liver, spleen and lung where human CD8 antigen was overexpressed or CD8+ T cells located during immunoPET imaging. CONCLUSIONS 68Ga-NOTA-SNA006a, a novel Nanobody tracer targeting human CD8 antigen, was developed with high radiochemical purity and high affinity. Compared with other candidates, the long retention time, low background, excellent TBRs of 68Ga-NOTA-SNA006a make it precisely track the human CD8+ T cells in mice models, showing great potential for immunotherapy monitoring and efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Chao Wang
- SmartNuclide Biopharma Co. Ltd, 218 Xinghu St., BioBAY A4-202, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- SmartNuclide Biopharma Co. Ltd, 218 Xinghu St., BioBAY A4-202, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No. 32 Road QingQuan, Laishan District, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Yan Sun
- SmartNuclide Biopharma Co. Ltd, 218 Xinghu St., BioBAY A4-202, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Liangrong Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Lianghua Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127 China
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Wang C, Chen Y, Hou YN, Liu Q, Zhang D, Zhao H, Zhang Y, An S, Li L, Hou J, Huang G, Liu J, Zhao YJ, Wei W. ImmunoPET imaging of multiple myeloma with [ 68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2749-60. [PMID: 33543326 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable and its diagnosis relies heavily on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. CD38 is a glycoprotein highly specific for MM. Antibody therapeutics (e.g., daratumumab) targeting CD38 have shown encouraging efficacy in treating MM, either as a monotherapy agent or in combination with other regimens. However, efficient stratification of patients who might benefit from daratumumab therapy and timely monitoring of the therapeutic responses are still clinical challenges. This work aims to devise a CD38-targeted imaging strategy and assess its value in diagnosing MMs. METHODS By labeling a CD38-specific single domain antibody (Nb1053) with 68Ga (t1/2 = 1.1 h), we developed a CD38-targeted immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging probe [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053. The probe was developed with good radiochemical yield (> 50%), excellent radiochemical purity (> 99%), and immunoreactivity (> 95%). The diagnostic accuracy of the probe was thoroughly investigated in preclinical MM models. RESULTS ImmunoPET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 specifically depicted all the subcutaneous and orthotopic MM lesions, outperforming the traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and the nonspecific [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-NbGFP immunoPET. More importantly, daratumumab preloading significantly reduced [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 uptake in the disseminated bone lesions, indicating the overlapping targeting epitopes of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 with that of daratumumab. Furthermore, premedication with sodium maleate or fructose significantly decreased kidney retention of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 and improved the diagnostic value of the probe in lymphoma models. CONCLUSION This work successfully developed a novel CD38-targeted immunoPET imaging approach that enabled precise visualization of CD38 and diagnosis of MMs. Upon clinical translation, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 immunoPET may serve as a valuable CD38-targeted molecular imaging toolbox, facilitating early diagnosis of MM and precise assessment of the therapeutic responses.
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Li M, Wei W, Barnhart TE, Jiang D, Cao T, Fan K, Engle JW, Liu J, Chen W, Cai W. ImmunoPET/NIRF/Cerenkov multimodality imaging of ICAM-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2737-2748. [PMID: 33537836 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We dual-labeled an intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and evaluated its effectiveness for lesion detection and surgical navigation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) via multiple noninvasive imaging approaches, including positron emission tomography (PET), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), and Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI). METHODS ICAM-1 expression in PDAC cell lines (BxPC-3 and AsPC-1) was assessed via flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining. An ICAM-1 mAb labeled by IRDye 800CW and radionuclide zirconium-89 (denoted as [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ICAM-1-IR800) was synthesized. Its performance was validated via in vivo comparative PET/NIRF/CLI and biodistribution (Bio-D) studies in nude mice bearing subcutaneous BxPC-3/AsPC-1 tumors or orthotopic BxPC-3 tumor models using nonspecific IgG as an isotype control tracer. RESULTS ICAM-1 expression was strong in the BxPC-3 and minimal in the AsPC-1 cell line. Both multimodality imaging and Bio-D data exhibited more prominent uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ICAM-1-IR800 in BxPC-3 tumors than in AsPC-1 tumors. The uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG-IR800 in BxPC-3 tumors was similar to that of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ICAM-1-IR800 in AsPC-1 tumors. These results demonstrate the desirable affinity and specificity of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ICAM-1-IR800 compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG-IR800. Orthotopic BxPC-3 tumor foci could also be clearly delineated by [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ICAM-1-IR800. An intermodal match was achieved in the ICAM-1-targeted immunoPET/NIRF/CLI. The positive expression levels of ICAM-1 in BxPC-3 tumor tissue were further confirmed by immunohistopathology. CONCLUSION We successfully developed a dual-labeled ICAM-1-targeted tracer for PET/NIRF/CLI of PDAC that can facilitate better diagnosis and intervention of PDAC upon clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room B1143, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tianye Cao
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kevin Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room B1143, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room B1143, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Tsai WTK, Zettlitz KA, Dahlbom M, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Evaluation of [ 131I]I- and [ 177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Minibody for Radioimmunotherapy in a Preclinical Model of PSCA-Expressing Prostate Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1380-1391. [PMID: 32661830 PMCID: PMC7688013 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioimmunotherapy uses tumor-specific antibodies to deliver therapeutic radionuclides, but hematological toxicity due to the long serum half-life of intact antibodies remains a challenge. We evaluated a smaller antibody fragment, the minibody, with faster kinetics and a potentially improved therapeutic index. PROCEDURES The anti-prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) minibody (A11 Mb) was radiolabeled with iodine-124 ([124I]I-A11 Mb) or conjugated with deferoxamine (DFO) and labeled with zirconium-89 ([89Zr]Zr-DFO-A11 Mb) for surrogate immunoPET to profile pharmacokinetics in a human prostate cancer xenograft model. Subsequently, minibodies labeled with two therapeutic beta emitters, directly iodinated [131I]I-A11 Mb (non-residualizing) and 177Lu chelated using DTPA ([177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Mb) (residualizing), were compared for in vitro antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Full biodistribution studies (in 22Rv1-PSCA tumor bearing and hPSCA knock-in mice) were conducted for dosimetry calculations. Finally, the lead candidate [131I]I-A11 Mb was evaluated in a radioimmunotherapy experiment. Escalating single doses (3.7, 11, or 37 MBq) and saline control were administered to 22Rv1-PSCA tumor bearing mice and anti-tumor effects (tumor volume) and toxicity (body weight) were monitored. RESULTS Minibodies radiolabeled with therapeutic beta emitters [131I]I-A11 Mb and [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Mb exhibited comparable tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro. In vivo surrogate immunoPET imaging using [89Zr]Zr-DFO-A11 Mb showed activity retention in liver and kidney up to 72 h, while [124I]I-A11 Mb cleared from liver, kidney, and blood by 48 h. Based on full biodistribution and dosimetry calculations, administering 37 MBq [131I]I-A11 Mb was predicted to deliver a favorable dose to the tumor (35 Gy), with a therapeutic index of 22 (tumor:bone marrow). For [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Mb, the kidneys would be dose-limiting, and the maximum tolerated activity (7.4 MBq) was not predicted to deliver an effective radiation dose to tumor. Radioimmunotherapy with a single dose of [131I]I-A11 Mb showed dose-dependent tumor inhibition with minimal off-target toxicity and improved median survival (19 and 24 days, P < 0.001) compared with untreated mice (12 days). CONCLUSIONS These findings show the potential of the anti-PSCA minibody for targeted radioimmunotherapy with minimal toxicity, and the application of immunoPET and dosimetry for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Magnus Dahlbom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Wei W, Jiang D, Lee HJ, Li M, Kutyreff CJ, Engle JW, Liu J, Cai W. Development and characterization of CD54-targeted immunoPET imaging in solid tumors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2765-2775. [PMID: 32279097 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) is an emerging therapeutic target for a variety of solid tumors including melanoma and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). This study aims to develop an ICAM-1-targeted immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging strategy and assess its diagnostic value in melanoma and ATC models. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to screen ICAM-1-positive melanoma and ATC cell lines. Melanoma and ATC models were established using A375 cell line and THJ-16T cell line, respectively. An ICAM-1-specific monoclonal antibody (R6-5-D6) and a nonspecific human IgG were radiolabeled with 64Cu and the diagnostic efficacies were interrogated in tumor-bearing mouse models. Biodistribution and fluorescent imaging studies were performed to confirm the specificity of the ICAM-1-targeted imaging probes. RESULTS ICAM-1 was strongly expressed on melanoma and advanced thyroid cancer cell lines. 64Cu-NOTA-ICAM-1 immunoPET imaging efficiently delineated A375 melanomas with a peak tumor uptake of 21.28 ± 6.56 %ID/g (n = 5), significantly higher than that of 64Cu-NOTA-IgG (10.63 ± 2.58 %ID/g, n = 3). Moreover, immunoPET imaging with 64Cu-NOTA-ICAM-1 efficiently visualized subcutaneous and orthotopic ATCs with high clarity and contrast. Fluorescent imaging with IRDye 800CW-ICAM-1 also visualized orthotopic ATCs and the tumor uptake could be blocked by the ICAM-1 parental antibody R6-5-D6, indicating the high specificity of the developed probe. Finally, blocking with the human IgG prolonged the circulation of the 64Cu-NOTA-ICAM-1 in R2G2 mice without compromising the tumor uptake. CONCLUSION ICAM-1-targeted immunoPET imaging could characterize ICAM-1 expression in melanoma and ATC, which holds promise for optimizing ICAM-1-targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Christopher J Kutyreff
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA. .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Escorcia FE, Houghton JL, Abdel-Atti D, Pereira PR, Cho A, Gutsche NT, Baidoo KE, Lewis JS. ImmunoPET Predicts Response to Met-targeted Radioligand Therapy in Models of Pancreatic Cancer Resistant to Met Kinase Inhibitors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:151-165. [PMID: 31903112 PMCID: PMC6929627 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has limited standard of care therapeutic options. While initially received with enthusiasm, results from targeted therapy with small molecule tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) have been mixed, in part due to poor patient selection and compensatory changes in signaling networks upon blockade of one or more kinase of tumors. Here, we demonstrate that in PDACs otherwise resistant to rational kinase inhibition, Met-directed immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) can identify targets for cell-signaling independent targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). In this study, we use Met-directed immunoPET and RLT in models of human pancreatic cancer that are resistant to Met- and MEK-selective TKIs, despite over-expression of Met and KRAS-pathway activation. Methods: We assessed cell membrane Met levels in human patient samples and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (BxPC3, Capan2, Suit2, and MIA PaCa-2) using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and cell-surface biotinylation assays. To determine whether Met expression levels correlate with sensitivity to Met inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we performed cell viability studies. A Met-directed imaging agent was engineered by labeling Met-specific onartuzumab with zirconium-89 (Zr-89) and its in vivo performance was evaluated in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC xenograft models. To assess whether the immunoPET agent would predict for targeted RLT response, onartuzumab was then labeled with lutetium (Lu-177) as the therapeutic radionuclide to generate our [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab RLT agent. [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab was administered at 9.25MBq (250μCi)/20μg in three fractions separated by three days in mice subcutaneously engrafted with BxPC3 (high cell-membrane Met) or MIA PaCa-2 (low cell-membrane Met). Primary endpoints were tumor response and overall survival. Results: Flow cytometry and cell-surface biotinylation studies showed that cell-membrane Met was significantly more abundant in BxPC3, Capan2, and Suit2 when compared with MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor cells. Crizotinib and cabozantinib, TKIs with known activity against Met and other kinases, decreased PDAC cell line viability in vitro. The TKI with the lowest IC50 for Met, capmatinib, had no activity in PDAC lines. No additive effect was detected on cell viability when Met-inhibition was combined with MEK1/2 inhibition. We observed selective tumor uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-onartuzumab in mice subcutaneously and orthotopically engrafted with PDAC lines containing high cell-surface levels of Met (BxPC3, Capan2, Suit2), but not in mice engrafted with low cell-surface levels of Met (MIA PaCa-2). Significant tumor growth delay and overall survival benefit were observed in both BxPC3 and MIA PaCa-2 engrafted animals treated with RLT when compared to controls, however, the benefit was more pronounced and more durable in the BxPC3 engrafted animals treated with [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab RLT. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that while over-expression of Met is not predictive of Met-directed TKI response, immunoPET can detect Met over-expression in vivo and predicts for therapeutic response to Met-selective RLT. This phenomenon can be exploited for other Met-overexpressing tumor types specifically, and to any differentially overexpressed surface molecule more broadly.
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Zettlitz KA, Tavaré R, Tsai WK, Yamada RE, Ha NS, Collins J, van Dam RM, Timmerman JM, Wu AM. 18F-labeled anti-human CD20 cys-diabody for same-day immunoPET in a model of aggressive B cell lymphoma in human CD20 transgenic mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:489-500. [PMID: 30456475 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic imaging using [18F]FDG is the current standard for clinical PET; however, some malignancies (e.g., indolent lymphomas) show low avidity for FDG. The majority of B cell lymphomas express CD20, making it a valuable target both for antibody-based therapy and imaging. We previously developed PET tracers based on the humanised anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab (GA101). Preclinical studies showed that the smallest bivalent fragment, the cys-diabody (GAcDb, 54.5 kDa) with a peak uptake at 1-2 h post-injection and a biological half-life of 2-5 h, is compatible with short-lived positron emitters such as fluorine-18 (18F, t1/2 110 min), enabling same-day imaging. METHODS GAcDb was radiolabeled using amine-reactive N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]-fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), or thiol-reactive N-[2-(4-[18F]-fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM) for site-specific conjugation to C-terminal cysteine residues. Both tracers were used for immunoPET imaging of the B cell compartment in human CD20 transgenic mice (hCD20TM). [18F]FB-GAcDb immunoPET was further evaluated in a disseminated lymphoma (A20-hCD20) syngeneic for hCD20TM and compared to [18F]FDG PET. Tracer uptake was confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution. RESULTS The GAcDb was successfully 18F-radiolabeled using two different conjugation methods resulting in similar specific activities and without impairing immunoreactivity. Both tracers ([18F]FB-GAcDb and [18F]FBEM-GAcDb) specifically target human CD20-expressing B cells in transgenic mice. Fast blood clearance results in high contrast PET images as early as 1 h post injection enabling same-day imaging. [18F]FB-GAcDb immunoPET detects disseminated lymphoma disease in the context of normal tissue expression of hCD20, with comparable sensitivity as [18F]FDG PET but with added specificity for the therapeutic target. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FB-GAcDb and [18F]FBEM-GAcDb could monitor normal B cells and B cell malignancies non-invasively and quantitatively in vivo. In contrast to [18F]FDG PET, immunoPET provides not only information about the extent of disease but also about presence and localisation of the therapeutic target.
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Natarajan A, Mayer AT, Reeves RE, Nagamine CM, Gambhir SS. Development of Novel ImmunoPET Tracers to Image Human PD-1 Checkpoint Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Humanized Mouse Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:903-914. [PMID: 28247187 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well known that cancers exploit immune checkpoints (programmed death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1)) to evade anti-tumor immune responses. Although immune checkpoint (IC) blockade is a promising approach, not all patients respond. Hence, imaging of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is of high specific interest, as they are known to express PD-1 during activation and subsequent exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and are thought to be potentially predictive of therapeutic responses to IC blockade. PROCEDURES We developed immune-tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) to image hPD-1 status of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) adoptively transferred to NOD-scid IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice (hNSG) bearing A375 human skin melanoma tumors. The anti-PD-1 human antibody (IgG; keytruda) was labeled with either Zr-89 or Cu-64 radiometals to image PD-1-expressing human TILs in vivo. RESULTS [89Zr] Keytruda (groups = 2; NSG-ctl (control) and hNSG-nblk (non-blocking), n = 3-5, 3.2 ± 0.4 MBq/15-16 μg/200 μl) and [64Cu] Keytruda (groups = 3; NSG-ctl, NSG-blk (blocking), and hNSG-nblk; n = 4, 7.4 ± 0.4 MBq /20-25 μg/200 μl) were administered in mice. PET-CT scans were performed over 1-144 h ([89Zr] Keytruda) and 1-48 h ([64Cu] Keytruda) on mice. hNSG mice exhibited a high tracer uptake in the spleen, lymphoid organs and tumors. At 24 h, human TILs homing into melanoma of hNSG-nblk mice exhibited high signal (mean %ID/g ± SD) of 3.8 ± 0.4 ([89Zr] Keytruda), and 6.4 ± 0.7 ([64Cu] Keytruda), which was 1.5- and 3-fold higher uptake compared to NSG-ctl mice (p = 0.01), respectively. Biodistribution measurements of hNSG-nblk mice performed at 144 h ([89Zr] Keytruda) and 48 h ([64Cu] Keytruda) p.i. revealed tumor to muscle ratios as high as 45- and 12-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our immunoPET study clearly demonstrates specific imaging of human PD-1-expressing TILs within the tumor and lymphoid tissues. This suggests these anti-human-PD-1 tracers could be clinically translatable to monitor cancer treatment response to IC blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arutselvan Natarajan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Reeves
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claude M Nagamine
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, E153, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Tsai WTK, Wu AM. Aligning physics and physiology: Engineering antibodies for radionuclide delivery. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:693-714. [PMID: 29537104 PMCID: PMC6105424 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The exquisite specificity of antibodies and antibody fragments renders them excellent agents for targeted delivery of radionuclides. Radiolabeled antibodies and fragments have been successfully used for molecular imaging and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of cell surface targets in oncology and immunology. Protein engineering has been used for antibody humanization essential for clinical applications, as well as optimization of important characteristics including pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and clearance. Although intact antibodies have high potential as imaging and therapeutic agents, challenges include long circulation time in blood, which leads to later imaging time points post-injection and higher blood absorbed dose that may be disadvantageous for RIT. Using engineered fragments may address these challenges, as size reduction and removal of Fc function decreases serum half-life. Radiolabeled fragments and pretargeting strategies can result in high contrast images within hours to days, and a reduction of RIT toxicity in normal tissues. Additionally, fragments can be engineered to direct hepatic or renal clearance, which may be chosen based on the application and disease setting. This review discusses aligning the physical properties of radionuclides (positron, gamma, beta, alpha, and Auger emitters) with antibodies and fragments and highlights recent advances of engineered antibodies and fragments in preclinical and clinical development for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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McKnight BN, Viola-Villegas NT. 89 Zr- ImmunoPET companion diagnostics and their impact in clinical drug development. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:727-738. [PMID: 29341222 PMCID: PMC6050145 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have been used in cancer treatment for 30 years, with around 24 mAb and mAb:drug conjugates approved by the FDA to date. Despite their specificity, efficacy has remained limited, which, in part, derails nascent initiatives towards precision medicine. An image-guided approach to reinforce treatment decisions using immune positron emission tomography (immunoPET) companion diagnostic is warranted. This review provides a general overview of current translational research using Zr-89 immunoPET and opportunities for utilizing and harnessing this tool to its full potential. Patient case studies are cited to illustrate immunoPET probes as tools for profiling molecular signatures. Discussions on its utility in reinforcing clinical decisions as it relates to histopathological tumor assessment and standard diagnostic methods, and its potential as predictive biomarkers, are presented. We finally conclude with an overview of practical considerations to its utility in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N. McKnight
- Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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Aluicio-Sarduy E, Ellison PA, Barnhart TE, Cai W, Nickles RJ, Engle JW. PET radiometals for antibody labeling. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:636-651. [PMID: 29341227 PMCID: PMC6050152 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular characterization of tumors have made possible the emergence of new types of cancer therapies where traditional cytotoxic drugs and nonspecific chemotherapy can be complemented with targeted molecular therapies. One of the main revolutionary treatments is the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively target the disseminated tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. mAbs and related therapeutics can be efficiently radiolabeled with a wide range of radionuclides to facilitate preclinical and clinical studies. Non-invasive molecular imaging techniques, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), using radiolabeled mAbs provide useful information on the whole-body distribution of the biomolecules, which may enable patient stratification, diagnosis, selection of targeted therapies, evaluation of treatment response, and prediction of dose limiting tissue and adverse effects. In addition, when mAbs are labeled with therapeutic radionuclides, the combination of immunological and radiobiological cytotoxicity may result in enhanced treatment efficacy. The pharmacokinetic profile of antibodies demands the use of long half-life isotopes for longitudinal scrutiny of mAb biodistribution and precludes the use of well-stablished short half-life isotopes. Herein, we review the most promising PET radiometals with chemical and physical characteristics that make the appealing for mAb labeling, highlighting those with theranostic radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A. Ellison
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Carbone Cancer Center, Carbon Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert Jerry Nickles
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Freise AC, Zettlitz KA, Salazar FB, Lu X, Tavaré R, Wu AM. ImmunoPET Imaging of Murine CD4 + T Cells Using Anti-CD4 Cys-Diabody: Effects of Protein Dose on T Cell Function and Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:599-609. [PMID: 27966069 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular imaging of CD4+ T cells throughout the body has implications for monitoring autoimmune disease and immunotherapy of cancer. Given the key role of these cells in regulating immunity, it is important to develop a biologically inert probe. GK1.5 cys-diabody (cDb), a previously developed anti-mouse CD4 antibody fragment, was tested at different doses to assess its effects on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and CD4+ T cell viability, proliferation, CD4 expression, and function. PROCEDURES The effect of protein dose on image contrast (lymphoid tissue-to-muscle ratio) was assessed by administering different amounts of 89Zr-labeled GK1.5 cDb to mice followed by PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution analysis. To assess impact of GK1.5 cDb on T cell biology, GK1.5 cDb was incubated with T cells in vitro or administered intravenously to C57BL/6 mice at multiple protein doses. CD4 expression and T cell proliferation were analyzed with flow cytometry and cytokines were assayed. RESULTS For immunoPET imaging, the lowest protein dose of 2 μg of 89Zr-labeled GK1.5 cDb resulted in significantly higher % injected dose/g in inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) and spleen compared to the 12-μg protein dose. In vivo administration of GK1.5 cDb at the high dose of 40 μg caused a transient decrease in CD4 expression in spleen, blood, lymph nodes, and thymus, which recovered within 3 days postinjection; this effect was reduced, although not abrogated, when 2 μg was administered. Proliferation was inhibited in vivo in ILN but not the spleen by injection of 40 μg GK1.5 cDb. Concentrations of GK1.5 cDb in excess of 25 nM significantly inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and interferon-γ production in vitro. Overall, using low-dose GK1.5 cDb minimized biological effects on CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose GK1.5 cDb yields high-contrast immunoPET images with minimal effects on T cell biology in vitro and in vivo and may be a useful tool for investigating CD4+ T cells in the context of preclinical disease models. Future approaches to minimizing biological effects may include the creation of monovalent fragments or selecting anti-CD4 antibodies which target alternative epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Freise
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Clinical Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Tavaré
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA. .,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10951, USA.
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA.
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Pandit-Taskar N. Functional Imaging Methods for Assessment of Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Current Status and Novel ImmunoPET Based Methods. Semin Hematol 2018; 55:22-32. [PMID: 29759149 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Imaging plays a key role in assessment of myeloma. Osteolytic bone lesions are optimally assessed using structural imaging, however the structural changes lag the functional changes in the disease. Functional imaging with fluoro deoxy glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computerized tomography (CT) is useful in assessment of high-risk myeloma. FDG PET provides prognostic information and is helpful in monitoring response to therapy. However, it is nonspecific and may not be optimal in assessing treatment response to immunotherapeutic agents. Imaging with targeted agents may allow for better assessment of changes from therapy, that is based on the specific targeted mechanism. ImmunoPET imaging is a novel method to assess targeting of specific antigen by therapeutic antibodies. This review summarizes the role of functional imaging and development of novel immunoPET agents for assessment of treatment response and residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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Kang L, Jiang D, England CG, Barnhart TE, Yu B, Rosenkrans ZT, Wang R, Engle JW, Xu X, Huang P, Cai W. ImmunoPET imaging of CD38 in murine lymphoma models using 89Zr-labeled daratumumab. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:1372-1381. [PMID: 29450576 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-3941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD38 is considered a potential biomarker for multiple myeloma (MM) and has shown a strong link with chronic lymphocytic leukemia due to high and uniform expression on plasma cells. In vivo evaluation of CD38 expression may provide useful information about lesion detection and prognosis of treatment in MM. In this study, immunoPET imaging with 89Zr-labeled daratumumab was used for differentiation of CD38 expression in murine lymphoma models to provide a potential non-invasive method for monitoring CD38 in the clinic. METHODS Daratumumab was radiolabeled with 89Zr (t1/2 = 78.4 h) via conjugation with desferrioxamine (Df). After Western blot (WB) was used to screen CD38 expression in five lymphoma cell lines, flow cytometry and cellular binding assays were performed to test the binding ability of labeled or conjugated daratumumab with CD38 in vitro. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed to evaluate CD38 expression after injection of 89Zr-Df-daratumumab. 89Zr-Df-IgG was also evaluated as a non-specific control group in the Ramos model. Finally, CD38 expression in tumor tissues was verified by histological analysis. RESULTS Using WB screening, the Ramos cell line was found to express the highest level of CD38 while the HBL-1 cell line had the lowest expression. Df-conjugated and 89Zr-labeled daratumumab displayed similar high binding affinities with Ramos cells. PET imaging of 89Zr-Df-daratumumab showed a high tumor uptake of up to 26.6 ± 8.0 %ID/g for Ramos at 120 h post-injection, and only up to 6.6 ± 2.9 %ID/g for HBL-1 (n = 4). Additionally, 89Zr-Df-IgG demonstrated a low tumor uptake in the Ramos model (only 4.3 ± 0.8 %ID/g at 120 h post-injection). Ex vivo biodistribution studies showed similar trends with imaging results. Immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissues verified higher CD38 expression of Ramos than that of HBL-1. CONCLUSIONS The role of 89Zr-Df-daratumumab was investigated for evaluating CD38 expression in lymphoma models non-invasively and was found to be to a promising imaging agent of CD38-positive hematological diseases such as MM in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Christopher G England
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Rongfu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Bailly C, Bodet-Milin C, Rousseau C, Faivre-Chauvet A, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Barbet J. Pretargeting for imaging and therapy in oncological nuclear medicine. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:6. [PMID: 29503847 PMCID: PMC5824696 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncological pretargeting has been implemented and tested in several different ways in preclinical models and clinical trials over more than 30 years. Despite highly promising results, pretargeting has not achieved market approval even though it could be considered the ultimate theranostic, combining PET imaging with short-lived positron emitters and therapy with radionuclides emitting beta or alpha particles. Results We have reviewed the pretargeting approaches proposed over the years, discussing their suitability for imaging, particularly PET imaging, and therapy, as well as their limitations. The reviewed pretargeting modalities are the avidin-biotin system, bispecific anti-tumour x anti-hapten antibodies and bivalent haptens, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and radiolabelled complementary oligonucleotides, and approaches using click chemistry. Finally, we discuss recent developments, such as the use of small binding proteins for pretargeting that may offer new perspectives to cancer pretargeting. Conclusions While pretargeting has shown promise and demonstrated preclinical and clinical proof of principle, full-scale clinical development programs are needed to translate pretargeting into a clinical reality that could ideally fit into current theranostic and precision medicine perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bailly
- 1Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,3Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA), Nantes, France.,6299 CNRS, Nantes, France.,UMR892 Inserm, Nantes, France.,6Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Bodet-Milin
- 1Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,3Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA), Nantes, France.,6299 CNRS, Nantes, France.,UMR892 Inserm, Nantes, France.,6Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Rousseau
- 2Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,3Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA), Nantes, France.,6299 CNRS, Nantes, France.,UMR892 Inserm, Nantes, France.,6Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- 1Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,3Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA), Nantes, France.,6299 CNRS, Nantes, France.,UMR892 Inserm, Nantes, France.,6Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré
- 1Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,2Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,3Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA), Nantes, France.,6299 CNRS, Nantes, France.,UMR892 Inserm, Nantes, France.,6Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Barbet
- 6Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,GIP Arronax, 1, rue Arronax, 44187 Saint-Herblain cedex, France
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Van Elssen CHMJ, Rashidian M, Vrbanac V, Wucherpfennig KW, Habre ZE, Sticht J, Freund C, Jacobsen JT, Cragnolini J, Ingram J, Plaisier L, Spierings E, Tager AM, Ploegh HL. Noninvasive Imaging of Human Immune Responses in a Human Xenograft Model of Graft-Versus-Host Disease. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1003-1008. [PMID: 28209904 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in many diseases. Activation or suppression of immunity is often related to clinical outcome. Methods to explore the dynamics of immune responses are important to elucidate their role in conditions characterized by inflammation, such as infectious disease, cancer, or autoimmunity. Immuno-PET is a noninvasive method by which disease and immune cell infiltration can be explored simultaneously. Using radiolabeled antibodies or fragments derived from them, it is possible to image disease-specific antigens and immune cell subsets. Methods: We developed a method to noninvasively image human immune responses in a relevant humanized mouse model. We generated a camelid-derived single-domain antibody specific for human class II major histocompatibility complex products and used it to noninvasively image human immune cell reconstitution in nonobese diabetic severe combined immune deficiency γ-/- mice reconstituted with human fetal thymus, liver, and liver-derived hematopoietic stem cells (BLT mice). Results: We showed imaging of infiltrating immunocytes in BLT mice that spontaneously developed a graft-versus-host-like condition, characterized by alopecia and blepharitis. In diseased animals, we showed an increased PET signal in the liver, attributable to infiltration of activated class II major histocompatibility complex+ T cells. Conclusion: Noninvasive imaging of immune infiltration and activation could thus be of importance for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of graft-versus-host disease and holds promise for other diseases characterized by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina H M J Van Elssen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vladimir Vrbanac
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zeina El Habre
- Protein Engineering Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology and Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Protein Engineering Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology and Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Engineering Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology and Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanne T Jacobsen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Center for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juanjo Cragnolini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Ingram
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Loes Plaisier
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Eric Spierings
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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D'Souza JW, Hensley H, Doss M, Beigarten C, Torgov M, Olafsen T, Yu JQ, Robinson MK. Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging as a Modality to Evaluate Antibody-Based PET Radiotracers. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:175-180. [PMID: 27539844 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.178780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies, and engineered antibody fragments, labeled with radioisotopes are being developed as radiotracers for the detection and phenotyping of diseases such as cancer. The development of antibody-based radiotracers requires extensive characterization of their in vitro and in vivo properties, including their ability to target tumors in an antigen-selective manner. In this study, we investigated the use of Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) as compared with PET as a modality for evaluating the in vivo behavior of antibody-based radiotracers. METHODS The anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) huJ591 antibody (IgG; 150 kDa) and its minibody (Mb; 80 kDa) format were functionalized with the chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1-glutaric acid-4,7-diacetic acid (NODAGA) and radiolabeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide 64Cu (half-life, 12.7 h). Immunoreactive preparations of the radiolabeled antibodies were injected into NCr nu/nu mice harboring PSMA-positive CWR22Rv1 and PSMA-negative PC-3 tumor xenografts. Tumor targeting was evaluated by both PET and CLI. RESULTS 64Cu-NODAGA-PSMA-IgG and 64Cu-NODAGA-PSMA-Mb retained the ability to bind cell surface PSMA, and both radiotracers exhibited selective uptake into PSMA-positive tumors. Under the experimental conditions used, PSMA-selective uptake of 64Cu-NODAGA-PSMA-IgG and 64Cu-NODAGA-PSMA-Mb was observed by CLI as early as 3 h after injection, with tumor-to-background ratios peaking at 24 (IgG) and 16 (Mb) h after injection. Targeting data generated by CLI correlated with that generated by PET and necropsy. CONCLUSION CLI provided a rapid and simple assessment of the targeting specificity and pharmacokinetics of the antibody-based PET radiotracers that correlated well with the behavior observed by standard PET imaging. Moreover, CLI provided clear discrimination between uptake kinetics of an intact IgG and its small-molecular-weight derivative Mb. These data support the use of CLI for the evaluation of radiotracer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimson W D'Souza
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey Hensley
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohan Doss
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | | | | | - Jian Q Yu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Matthew K Robinson
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Fung EK, Cheal SM, Fareedy SB, Punzalan B, Beylergil V, Amir J, Chalasani S, Weber WA, Spratt DE, Veach DR, Bander NH, Larson SM, Zanzonico PB, Osborne JR. Targeting of radiolabeled J591 antibody to PSMA-expressing tumors: optimization of imaging and therapy based on non-linear compartmental modeling. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 26801327 PMCID: PMC4723373 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We applied a non-linear immunokinetic model to quantitatively compare absolute antibody uptake and turnover in subcutaneous LNCaP human prostate cancer (PCa) xenografts of two radiolabeled forms of the humanized anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 (124I-J591 and 89Zr-J591). Using the model, we examined the impact of dose on the tumor and plasma positron emission tomography (PET)-derived time-activity curves. We also sought to predict the optimal targeting index (ratio of integrated-tumor-to-integrated-plasma activity concentrations) for radioimmunotherapy. Methods The equilibrium rates of antibody internalization and turnover in the tumors were derived from PET images up to 96 h post-injection using compartmental modeling with a non-linear transfer rate. In addition, we serially imaged groups of LNCaP tumor-bearing mice injected with 89Zr-J591 antibody doses ranging from antigen subsaturating to saturating to examine the suitability of using a non-linear approach and derived the time-integrated concentration (in μM∙hours) of administered tracer in tumor as a function of the administered dose of antibody. Results The comparison of 124I-J591 and 89Zr-J591 yielded similar model-derived values of the total antigen concentration and internalization rate. The association equilibrium constant (ka) was twofold higher for 124I, but there was a ~tenfold greater tumoral efflux rate of 124I from tumor compared to that of 89Zr. Plots of surface-bound and internalized radiotracers indicate similar behavior up to 24 h p.i. for both 124I-J591 and 89Zr-J591, with the effect of differential clearance rates becoming apparent after about 35 h p.i. Estimates of J591/PSMA complex turnover were 3.9–90.5 × 1012 (for doses from 60 to 240 μg) molecules per hour per gram of tumor (20 % of receptors internalized per hour). Conclusions Using quantitative compartmental model methods, surface binding and internalization rates were shown to be similar for both 124I-J591 and 89Zr-J591 forms, as expected. The large difference in clearance rates of the radioactivity from the tumor is likely due to differential trapping of residualizing zirconium versus non-residualizing iodine. Our non-linear model was found to be superior to a conventional linear model. This finding and the calculated activity persistence time in tumor have important implications for radioimmunotherapy and other antibody-based therapies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Fung
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Sarah M Cheal
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shoaib B Fareedy
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Blesida Punzalan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Volkan Beylergil
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jawaria Amir
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Sandhya Chalasani
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Darren R Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Neil H Bander
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Pat B Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Abstract
Antibodies have clearly demonstrated their utility as therapeutics, providing highly selective and effective drugs to treat diseases in oncology, hematology, cardiology, immunology and autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. More recently, a pressing need for equally specific and targeted imaging agents for assessing disease in vivo, in preclinical models and patients, has emerged. This review summarizes strategies for developing and optimizing antibodies as targeted probes for use in non-invasive imaging using radioactive, optical, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound approaches. Recent advances in engineered antibody fragments and scaffolds, conjugation and labeling methods, and multimodality probes are highlighted. Importantly, antibody-based imaging probes are seeing new applications in detection and quantitation of cell surface biomarkers, imaging specific responses to targeted therapies, and monitoring immune responses in oncology and other diseases. Antibody-based imaging will provide essential tools to facilitate the transition to truly precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Freise
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA.
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50
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Nimmagadda S, Pullambhatla M, Lisok A, Hu C, Maitra A, Pomper MG. Imaging Axl expression in pancreatic and prostate cancer xenografts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:635-40. [PMID: 24333418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is overexpressed in and leads to patient morbidity and mortality in a variety of cancers. Axl-Gas6 interactions are critical for tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of imaging graded levels of Axl expression in tumors using a radiolabeled antibody. We radiolabeled anti-human Axl (Axl mAb) and control IgG1 antibodies with (125)I with high specific radioactivity and radiochemical purity, resulting in an immunoreactive fraction suitable for in vivo studies. Radiolabeled antibodies were investigated in severe combined immunodeficient mice harboring subcutaneous CFPAC (Axl(high)) and Panc1 (Axl(low)) pancreatic cancer xenografts by ex vivo biodistribution and imaging. Based on these results, the specificity of [(125)I]Axl mAb was also validated in mice harboring orthotopic Panc1 or CFPAC tumors and in mice harboring subcutaneous 22Rv1 (Axl(low)) or DU145 (Axl(high)) prostate tumors by ex vivo biodistribution and imaging studies at 72h post-injection of the antibody. Both imaging and biodistribution studies demonstrated specific and persistent accumulation of [(125)I]Axl mAb in Axl(high) (CFPAC and DU145) expression tumors compared to the Axl(low) (Panc1 and 22Rv1) expression tumors. Axl expression in these tumors was further confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. No difference in the uptake of radioactivity was observed between the control [(125)I]IgG1 antibody in the Axl(high) and Axl(low) expression tumors. These data demonstrate the feasibility of imaging Axl expression in pancreatic and prostate tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Chaoxin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
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