1
|
Kameda-Smith MM, Ragulojan M, Elliott C, Bliss L, Moore H, Sader N, Alsuwaihel M, Tso MK, Dakson A, Ajani O, Yarascavitch B, Fleming A, Mehta V, Aminnejad M, Farrokhyar F, Singh SK. National multicentered retrospective review of clinical and intraoperative factors associated with the development of cerebellar mutism after pediatric posterior fossa tumor resection. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:1339-1347. [PMID: 38279985 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar mutism (CM) is characterized by a significant loss of speech in children following posterior fossa (PF) surgery. The biological origin of CM remains unclear and is the subject of ongoing debate. Significant recovery from CM is less likely than previously described despite rigorous multidisciplinary neuro-rehabilitational efforts. METHODS A national multi-centered retrospective review of all children undergoing PF resection in four midsized Canadian academic pediatric institutions was undertaken. Patient, tumor and surgical factors associated with the post-operative development of CM were reviewed. Retrospective identification of PF surgery patients including those developing and those that did not (internal control). RESULTS The study identified 258 patients across the 4 centers between 2010 and 2020 (mean age 6.73 years; 42.2% female). Overall, CM was experienced in 19.5% of patients (N = 50). Amongst children who developed CM histopathology included medulloblastoma (35.7%), pilocytic astrocytoma (32.6%) and ependymoma (17.1%). Intraoperative impression of adherence to the floor of the 4th ventricle was positive in 36.8%. Intraoperative abrupt changes in blood pressure and/or heart rate were identified in 19.4% and 17.8% of cases. The clinical resolution of CM was rated to be complete, significant resolution, slight improvement, no improvement and deterioration in 56.0%, 8.0%, 20.0%, 14.0% and 2.0%, respectively. In the cohort of children who experienced post-operative CM as compared to their no-CM counterpart, proportionally more tumors were felt to be adherent to the floor of the 4th ventricle (56.0% vs 49.5%), intraoperative extent of resection was a GTR (74% vs 68.8%) and changes in heart rate were noted (≥ 20% from baseline) (26.0% vs 15.9%). However, a multiple regression analysis identified only abrupt changes in HR (OR 5.97, CI (1.53, 23.1), p = 0.01) to be significantly associated with the development of post-operative CM. CONCLUSION As a devastating surgical complication after posterior fossa tumor surgery with variable clinical course, identifying and understanding the operative cues and revising intraoperative plans that optimizes the child's neurooncological and clinical outcome are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Kameda-Smith
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, England.
- Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative (CNRC), Hamilton, Canada.
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Malavan Ragulojan
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron Elliott
- Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative (CNRC), Hamilton, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lori Bliss
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanna Moore
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicholas Sader
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Michael K Tso
- Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative (CNRC), Hamilton, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ayoub Dakson
- Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative (CNRC), Hamilton, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Olufemi Ajani
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, England
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Blake Yarascavitch
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Fleming
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vivek Mehta
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Minoo Aminnejad
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group (PBTSG), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar R, Patel K, Singh SK. Biological wastewater treatment: a comprehensive sustainability analysis using life cycle assessment. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:416. [PMID: 38570390 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The research conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) on wastewater treatment (WWT) methods-membrane bioreactor (MBR), soil biotechnology (SBT), and bio-electrochemical constructed wetlands (BCW)-in comparison with the conventional activated sludge process (ASP). Employing SimaPro v9.5 with a cradle-to-gate system boundary, the analysis utilizes the IMPACT 2002 + method, employing per cubic meter of treated wastewater as the functional unit. The analysis shows that SBT exhibits the lowest environmental impacts among the considered WWT methods. The global warming potential was 0.0996 kg CO2 eq. for SBT, 1.33 kg CO2 eq. for MBR, 0.131 kg CO2 eq. for BCW, and 0.544 kg CO2 eq. for ASP. BCW demonstrates a 75.91% decrease, while MBR exhibits a 144.48% increase compared to ASP. Notably, electricity consumption emerges as the primary contributor to environmental impact in MBR and ASP. The resource impact category varies with a 138.15% increase in MBR and an 83.41% decrease in SBT compared to ASP. Additionally, the research indicates that the high human health impact observed in MBR results mainly from increased carcinogens (0.00176 kg C2H3Cl eq.), non-carcinogens (0.01 kg C2H3Cl eq.), and ionizing radiation (3.34 Bq C-14 eq.). The findings underscore the importance of considering treatment efficiency and broader environmental implications in selecting WWT methods. As the world emphasizes sustainability, such LCA studies provide valuable insights for making informed decisions in wastewater management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Kulvendra Patel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wyszatko K, Janzen N, Silva LR, Kwon L, Komal T, Ventura M, Venugopal C, Singh SK, Valliant JF, Sadeghi S. 89Zr-labeled ImmunoPET targeting the cancer stem cell antigen CD133 using fully-human antibody constructs. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38498285 PMCID: PMC10948676 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells play an important role in driving tumor growth and treatment resistance, which makes them a promising therapeutic target to prevent cancer recurrence. Emerging cancer stem cell-targeted therapies would benefit from companion diagnostic imaging probes to aid in patient selection and monitoring response to therapy. To this end, zirconium-89-radiolabeled immunoPET probes that target the cancer stem cell-antigen CD133 were developed using fully human antibody and antibody scFv-Fc scaffolds. RESULTS ImmunoPET probes [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 0.7 ± 0.1), [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 3.0 ± 0.3), and [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) were radiolabeled with zirconium-89 (radiochemical yield 42 ± 5%, 97 ± 2%, 86 ± 12%, respectively) and each was isolated in > 97% radiochemical purity with specific activities of 120 ± 30, 270 ± 90, and 200 ± 60 MBq/mg, respectively. In vitro binding assays showed a low-nanomolar binding affinity of 0.6 to 1.1 nM (95% CI) for DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 0.7 ± 0.1), 0.3 to 1.9 nM (95% CI) for DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 3.0 ± 0.3), and 1.5 to 3.3 nM (95% CI) for DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (C/A = 0.3). Biodistribution studies found that [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) exhibited the highest tumor uptake (23 ± 4, 21 ± 2, and 23 ± 4%ID/g at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively) and showed low uptake (< 6%ID/g) in all off-target organs at each timepoint (24, 48, and 72 h). Comparatively, [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 0.7 ± 0.1) and [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG (CA = 3.0 ± 0.3) both reached maximum tumor uptake (16 ± 3%ID/g and 16 ± 2%ID/g, respectively) at 96 h p.i. and showed higher liver uptake (10.2 ± 3%ID/g and 15 ± 3%ID/g, respectively) at that timepoint. Region of interest analysis to assess PET images of mice administered [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) showed that this probe reached a maximum tumor uptake of 22 ± 1%ID/cc at 96 h, providing a tumor-to-liver ratio that exceeded 1:1 at 48 h p.i. Antibody-antigen mediated tumor uptake was demonstrated through biodistribution and PET imaging studies, where for each probe, co-injection of excess unlabeled RW03IgG resulted in > 60% reduced tumor uptake. CONCLUSIONS Fully human CD133-targeted immunoPET probes [89Zr]-DFO-RW03IgG and [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc accumulate in CD133-expressing tumors to enable their delineation through PET imaging. Having identified [89Zr]-DFO-RW03scFv - Fc (CA = 2.9 ± 0.3) as the most attractive construct for CD133-expressing tumor delineation, the next step is to evaluate this probe using patient-derived tumor models to test its detection limit prior to clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wyszatko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Rafael Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Kwon
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response Innovation Centre (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teesha Komal
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response Innovation Centre (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuela Ventura
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response Innovation Centre (STTARR), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thejaswini MP, Patra MK, Sharma R, Raza MRA, Sasidharan JK, Karikalan M, Dubal ZB, Ghosh SK, Gaur GK, Singh SK, Krishnaswamy N. Enhancement of progesterone biosynthesis via kisspeptin stimulation: Upregulation of steroidogenic transcripts and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) expression in the buffalo luteal cells. Theriogenology 2024; 220:108-115. [PMID: 38507824 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The presence of Kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptors in the corpus luteum (CL) of buffalo has recently been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the role of Kp in the modulation of progesterone (P4) synthesis in vitro. The primary culture of bubaline luteal cells (LCs) was treated with 10, 50, and 100 nM of Kp and Kp antagonist (KpA) alongside a vehicle control. The combined effect of Kp and KpA was assessed at 100 nM concentration. Intracellular response to Kp treatment in the LCs was assessed by examining transcript profiles (LHR, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and ERK1/2) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, the immunolocalization of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the LCs was studied using immunocytochemistry. Accumulation of P4 from the culture supernatant was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated that LCs had a greater p-ERK1/2 expression in the Kp treatment groups. A significant increase in the P4 concentration was recorded at 50 nM and 100 nM Kp, while KpA did not affect the basal concentration of P4. However, the addition of KpA to the Kp-treated group at 100 nM concentration suppressed the Kp-induced P4 accumulation into a concentration similar to the control. There was significant upregulation of ERK1/2 and CYP11A1 expressions in the Kp-treated LCs at 100 nM (18.1 and 37fold, respectively, p < 0.01). However, the addition of KpA to Kp-treated LCs modulated ERK1/2, LHR, STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1 at 100 nM concentration. It can be concluded that Kp at 100 nM stimulated P4 production, while the addition of KpA suppressed Kp-induced P4 production in the buffalo LCs culture. Furthermore, an increment in p-ERK1/2 expression in the LCs indicated activation of the Kp signaling pathway was associated with luteal steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Thejaswini
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - M K Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India; Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR, IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
| | - R Sharma
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Md R A Raza
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR, IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - J K Sasidharan
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management, and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - S K Ghosh
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - G K Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR, IVRI, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - S K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Madathil PT, Wang C, Singh SK, Gupta A, Rosales KAV, Chung YJ, West KW, Baldwin KW, Pfeiffer LN, Engel LW, Shayegan M. Signatures of Correlated Defects in an Ultraclean Wigner Crystal in the Extreme Quantum Limit. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:096502. [PMID: 38489610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.096502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Low-disorder two-dimensional electron systems in the presence of a strong, perpendicular magnetic field terminate at very small Landau level filling factors in a Wigner crystal (WC), where the electrons form an ordered array to minimize the Coulomb repulsion. The nature of this exotic, many-body, quantum phase is yet to be fully understood and experimentally revealed. Here we probe one of WC's most fundamental parameters, namely, the energy gap that determines its low-temperature conductivity, in record mobility, ultrahigh-purity, two-dimensional electrons confined to GaAs quantum wells. The WC domains in these samples contain ≃1000 electrons. The measured gaps are a factor of three larger than previously reported for lower quality samples, and agree remarkably well with values predicted for the lowest-energy, intrinsic, hypercorrelated bubble defects in a WC made of flux-electron composite fermions, rather than bare electrons. The agreement is particularly noteworthy, given that the calculations are done for disorder-free composite fermion WCs, and there are no adjustable parameters. The results reflect the exceptionally high quality of the samples, and suggest that composite fermion WCs are indeed more stable compared to their electron counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P T Madathil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K A Villegas Rosales
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L W Engel
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kieliszek AM, Mobilio D, Upreti D, Bloemberg D, Escudero L, Kwiecien JM, Alizada Z, Zhai K, Ang P, Chafe SC, Vora P, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Intratumoral Delivery of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting CD133 Effectively Treats Brain Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:554-563. [PMID: 37787999 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain metastases (BM) are mainly treated palliatively with an expected survival of less than 12 months after diagnosis. In many solid tumors, the human neural stem cell marker glycoprotein CD133 is a marker of a tumor-initiating cell population that contributes to therapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we use a variant of our previously described CD133 binder to generate second-generation CD133-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) to demonstrate its specificity and efficacy against multiple patient-derived BM cell lines with variable CD133 antigen expression. RESULTS Using both lung- and colon-BM patient-derived xenograft models, we show that a CD133-targeting CAR-T cell therapy can evoke significant tumor reduction and survival advantage after a single dose, with complete remission observed in the colon-BM model. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data suggest that CD133 plays a critical role in fueling the growth of BM, and immunotherapeutic targeting of this cell population is a feasible strategy to control the outgrowth of BM tumors that are otherwise limited to palliative care. See related commentary by Sloan et al., p. 477.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Kieliszek
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Mobilio
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Laura Escudero
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacek M Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahra Alizada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kui Zhai
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Ang
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn C Chafe
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parvez Vora
- Century Therapeutics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh SK, Varma RK, Banerjee A, Rathore KK. Study of wave motion on the emergence of veering, locking, and coupling in periodic composite panels. J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:826-836. [PMID: 38299940 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This research proposes the effect of micropolar-Cosserat (MC) parameters (length-scale parameters and Cosserat shear modulus) on the dispersion characteristics of propagating wave modes in periodic composite panels (PCPs). These inbuilt parameters are due to the assumption of the length-scale boundary conditions that allow for capturing the micro-rotational (MR) wave mode along with the flexural ones. A significant contribution of this study is the transformation of the two-dimensional (2-D) periodic composite problem into a series of one-dimensional (1-D) ones using the MC continuum theory. The analysis employs the transfer matrix method in the framework of the state-space approach to investigate periodic systems in the eigenvalue domain. Additionally, Bloch-Floquet's periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are applied to the unit cell to ensure the periodicity of the system. The main innovation lies in observing veering, locking, and coupling phenomena, which occur due to alterations in lamina orientation and MC parameters. Moreover, the presence of inbuilt parameters renders the dispersion characteristics highly sensitive to even minor coefficient variations, with a mere 1% change significantly impacting eigenmode fluctuations. The sudden bandgap (BG) disappearing nature could be used to identify the accurate value of the coefficient for designing and analyzing PCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Nagrota NH-44, India
| | - R K Varma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Nagrota NH-44, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - K K Rathore
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Nagrota NH-44, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prasad K, Akshatha H, Pradhan J, Singh SK, Udit K, Saroj N, Mukhim C, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Ravinder K. Eco-safe composite edible coating of hydrocolloids with papaya leaf extract improves postharvest quality and shelf life of papaya fruit under ambient storage. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1114-1126. [PMID: 38161280 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Papaya postharvest management using low-temperature storage is discouraged as it is a tropical fruit. Extensive research is going on to preserve papaya quality at ambient storage using edible coatings and its composites. The present investigation examined the effects of an eco-safe composite edible coating consisting of hydrocolloid carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1%), guar gum (1.5%), xanthan gum (0.3%), and Gum Arabic (10%) combined with papaya leaf extract (PLE) (1:1 ratio by volume) applied as dip treatment on "Red Lady" papaya fruit at ambient storage condition. Among all the attempted treatments, "PLE incorporated with CMC (1%)" was found to be the best, as the treated fruit exhibited the highest levels of biochemicals, whereas the lowest levels of physiological and enzymatic activity, which positively affected the shelf life. The "CMC + PLE" treatment enhanced the fruit gloss score by 70.1%, phenolics by 6.1%, ascorbic acid by 22.3%, total carotenoid content by 7.4%, and fruit predilection score by 22.0% over the control fruit. However, it lowered (controlling) the physiological loss in weight by 51.0%, decay incidence by 66.6%, and polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity by 24.92% and 35.29%, respectively, over control. Moreover, this treatment exhibited the highest fruit purchase predilection score and prolonged the storage life for >3 days on the physiological loss standard basis (≤10%). This study indicates that "CMC (1%) with PLE (1:1)" composite coating application on papaya under ambient conditions might be an effective, environmentally friendly, and health-friendly way to retain the quality and extend the storage life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Prasad
- Department of Horticulture, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, India
| | - H Akshatha
- Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - J Pradhan
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - K Udit
- Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - N Saroj
- Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture (PGCA), Pusa, India
| | - C Mukhim
- Department of Horticulture, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, India
| | - M K Lal
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potatao Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - R K Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potatao Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - K Ravinder
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potatao Research Institute, Shimla, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith CJ, Perfetti TA, Chokshi C, Venugopal C, Ashford JW, Singh SK. Risk factors for glioblastoma are shared by other brain tumor types. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241241796. [PMID: 38520250 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241241796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The reported risk factors for glioblastoma (GBM), i.e., ionizing radiation, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Neurofibromatosis I, and Turcot syndrome, also increase the risk of other brain tumor types. Risk factors for human GBM are associated with different oncogenic mutation profiles. Pedigreed domestic dogs with a shorter nose and flatter face (brachycephalic dogs) display relatively high rates of glioma formation. The genetic profiles of canine gliomas are also idiosyncratic. The association of putatively different mutational patterns in humans and canines with GBM suggests that different oncogenic pathways can result in GBM formation. Strong epidemiological evidence for an association between exposure to chemical carcinogens and an increased risk for development of GBM is currently lacking. Ionizing radiation induces point mutations, frameshift mutations, double-strand breaks, and chromosomal insertions or deletions. Mutational profiles associated with chemical exposures overlap with the broad mutational patterns seen with ionizing radiation. Weak statistical associations between chemical exposures and GBM reported in epidemiology studies are biologically plausible. Molecular approaches comparing reproducible patterns seen in spontaneous GBM with analogous patterns found in GBMs resected from patients with known significant exposures to potentially carcinogenic chemicals can address difficulties presented by traditional exposure assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carr J Smith
- Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Wesson Ashford
- Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang C, Gupta A, Singh SK, Madathil PT, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, Baldwin KW, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν=1/4 in Ultra-High-Quality GaAs Two-Dimensional Hole Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:266502. [PMID: 38215363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.266502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Single-component fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) at even-denominator filling factors may host non-Abelian quasiparticles that are considered to be building blocks of topological quantum computers. Such states, however, are rarely observed in the lowest-energy Landau level, namely at filling factors ν<1. Here, we report evidence for an even-denominator FQHS at ν=1/4 in ultra-high-quality two-dimensional hole systems confined to modulation-doped GaAs quantum wells. We observe a deep minimum in the longitudinal resistance at ν=1/4, superimposed on a highly insulating background, suggesting a close competition between the ν=1/4 FQHS and the magnetic-field-induced, pinned Wigner solid states. Our experimental observations are consistent with the very recent theoretical calculations that predict that substantial Landau level mixing, caused by the large hole effective mass, can induce composite fermion pairing and lead to a non-Abelian FQHS at ν=1/4. Our results demonstrate that Landau level mixing can provide a very potent means for tuning the interaction between composite fermions and creating new non-Abelian FQHSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - P T Madathil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan JK, Gwynne WD, Lieng BY, Quaile AT, Venugopal C, Singh SK, Montenegro-Burke JR. Protocol for mapping the metabolome and lipidome of medulloblastoma cells using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102736. [PMID: 37999971 PMCID: PMC10709382 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics and lipidomics have recently been used to show that MYC-amplified group 3 medulloblastoma tumors are driven by metabolic reprogramming. Here, we present a protocol to extract metabolites and lipids from human medulloblastoma brain tumor-initiating cells and normal neural stem cells. We describe untargeted LC-MS methods that can be used to achieve extensive coverage of the polar metabolome and lipidome. Finally, we detail strategies for metabolite identification and data analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gwynne et al.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy K Chan
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Brandon Y Lieng
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Andrew T Quaile
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - J Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singhal AK, Singh G, Singh SK, Karunanand B, Agrawal S. Role of Pro-BNP in predicting outcome in acute heart failure patient presenting to a medical emergency: An observational study from North India. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3156-3159. [PMID: 38361889 PMCID: PMC10866277 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_853_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute heart failure (AHF) is a clinical syndrome defined as the new onset or acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) leading to signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF). The critical cut-off values for these biomarkers that suggest high mortality are not clearly defined in previous studies. More studies are required to better understand the correlation of Pro- BNP and its association with HF. The primary objective is to study the role of Pro-BNP and critical factors in predicting outcomes in AHF patients presenting to a medical emergency. Materials and Methods The data from the patients presented with symptoms of HF in the Department of Medical Emergency at our hospital were recorded and analysed. AHF is a clinical syndrome defined as the new onset or ADHF leading to signs and symptoms of HF, as based on the European Society of Cardiology. Results The present study highlights the various risk factors of AHF in patients and their association with mortality. In the present study, mortality in patients with very high Pro-BNP levels ≥2000 pg/ml was significantly higher than in patients with moderately elevated Pro-BNP. The patients who survived after 5 days of hospitalization had Pro-BNP levels ≤2000 pg/ml, suggesting that very high Pro-BNP levels ≥2000 pg/ml are associated with fatal outcomes. Conclusion To conclude, diabetes and sepsis are critical factors for the hospitalization and mortality of patients with AHF in northern India. Very high Pro-BNP levels ≥2000 pg/ml in patients with AHF requiring hospitalization and associated with fatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K. Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Bhita, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - SK Singh
- Department of Medical Health and Family Welfare, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Busi Karunanand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, Vimta Labs. Limited, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh SK, Kashyap GC, Sharma H, Mondal S, Legare CH. Changes in discourse on unmet need for family planning among married women in India: evidence from NFHS-5 (2019-2021). Sci Rep 2023; 13:20464. [PMID: 37993605 PMCID: PMC10665352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unmet needs for contraception in India have declined over time but the rate has not been uniform among women across geographies and socio-economic strata. Identifying the characteristics of women in communities where unmet need is still high is important to devise appropriate strategies to ensure access and uptake of modern contraceptive methods. The current study examined whether there was a national decline in unmet need over time and if regional disparities exist in unmet need. Demographic variations in unmet need based on factors such as maternal age, education, religion, caste, wealth index quintile, family size, and access to antenatal care (ANC) were also documented. Our approach was to document the prevalence of total unmet need for family planning and unmet need for spacing among married Indian women and quantify variability based on socio-economic and demographic drivers within a hierarchal framework, thus providing both macro and micro perspectives. We used data from the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) collected from all the States and Union Territories (UTs) in India. Quantile regression analysis and multilevel regression techniques were used to understand the predictors for the total unmet need for family planning and the unmet need for spacing. Results show a considerable decline in the prevalence of unmet need for family planning in India from NFHS-4 to 5 (from 12.9 to 9.3%) in the last six6 years. The north-eastern states show a significant reduction in unmet need for family planning in Manipur (17.8%), Nagaland (13.5%), and followed by Sikkim (9.1%). The predictors such as years of schooling, place of residence, caste, religion, wealth quintile, number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, and children ever born have a significant association with unmet needs for family planning and spacing among married women in India. There is a significant association between years of schooling with the total unmet needs for family planning at (q25) quantiles and the unmet need for spacing at (q25, q50) quantiles. Results reveal that the demand for unmet need for spacing and limiting was the highest among the women in the age categories 15-19 (17.8%) and 20-24 (17.3%). The demand for limiting was the highest (6.8%) among Muslim women. Across wealth quantile categories, the overall unmet demand (11.4%) for spacing and limiting was the highest among the women in the lowest socioeconomic groups. We conclude that greater access to frontline health workers among young wives, and significant investment in education in general, will continue to reduce the unmet needs for family planning in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - G C Kashyap
- Institute of Health Management Research, Bangalore, 560105, India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Sudipta Mondal
- Measurement, Learning and Evaluation, Project Concern International (PCI), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - C H Legare
- Department of Psychology, Center for Applied Cognitive Science, Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bakhshinyan D, Suk Y, Kuhlmann L, Adile AA, Ignatchenko V, Custers S, Gwynne WD, Macklin A, Venugopal C, Kislinger T, Singh SK. Correction to: Dynamic profiling of medulloblastoma surfaceome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:169. [PMID: 37872586 PMCID: PMC10594668 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Bakhshinyan
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL, Hamilton, ON, 5027, L8S 4K1, Canada
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL, Hamilton, ON, 5027, L8S 4K1, Canada
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- 3Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ashley A Adile
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL, Hamilton, ON, 5027, L8S 4K1, Canada
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ignatchenko
- Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 5Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Custers
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL, Hamilton, ON, 5027, L8S 4K1, Canada
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL, Hamilton, ON, 5027, L8S 4K1, Canada
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Macklin
- Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 5Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL, Hamilton, ON, 5027, L8S 4K1, Canada
- 6Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 5Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL, Hamilton, ON, 5027, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- 6Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh SK, Lhungdim H, Shekhar C, Dwivedi LK, Pedgaonkar S, James KS. Key drivers of reversal of trend in childhood anaemia in India: evidence from Indian demographic and health surveys, 2016-21. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1574. [PMID: 37596564 PMCID: PMC10436448 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Recent National Family Health Survey results portray striking improvements in most population and health indicators, including fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, gender treatment, household environments, and health insurance coverage of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), with all India resonance. However, the prevalence of any anaemia (< 11 g/dl) among children under age five has exhibited a reversed trajectory in recent years. Therefore, the present study explores key drivers of the reversal of the trend in the prevalence of childhood anaemia between 2015 and2021. METHODS Data of four rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) were used to show the overall trend of anaemia among children. However, for the analysis of key drivers of the reversal trend of childhood anaemia, only the recent two rounds (NFHS-4 & NFHS-5) were used. Descriptive, bivariate multivariable analysis and Fairlie decomposition model were used to explore the drivers of the reversal of the trend in childhood anaemia. RESULTS During the past two decades, India has seen a decline in the prevalence of childhood anaemia (NFHS-2 to NFHS-4). However, a reversal of trend was observed recently. The prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months increased from 59 percent in NFHS-4 to 67 percent in NFHS-5. In addition, the prevalence of mild anaemia increased from 23.3 percent in NFHS-2 to 28.7 percent in NFHS-5. However, the prevalence of moderate and severe anaemia declined considerably from NFHS-2 (40 percent and 4.1 percent) to NFHS-4 (28.7 percent and 1.6 percent), but showed an increase in the prevalence in NFHS-5 (36.3 percent and 2.2 percent). Among others, mothers' educational attainment, anaemia status and socio-economic status emerge as the key drivers of the change in the prevalence of childhood anaemia. CONCLUSION These findings may have vital implications for the ongoing Anaemia Mukt Bharat Programme, one of the government's dream projects in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - H Lhungdim
- Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - L K Dwivedi
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - S Pedgaonkar
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K S James
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prasad JVNS, Veni VG, Srinivasarao C, Kundu S, Ramakrishna B, Sammi Reddy K, Singh R, Singh SK, Murai AS, Rohilla PP, Makkar GS, Rampal VK, Grover J, Brar JS, Goyal NK, Jakhar DS, Kiran BVS, Singh VK, Bhaskar S. Can adoption of climate resilient management practices achieve carbon neutrality in traditional green revolution states of Punjab and Haryana? J Environ Manage 2023; 338:117761. [PMID: 37030142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration in cropland are necessary to achieve carbon neutrality at national scale. The major objective of this study is to quantify the GHG mitigation potential of adopted climate resilient (CR) practices in CR villages using Ex-ACT tool developed by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Intensively cultivated area of Punjab and Haryana was selected for carrying out this study. In both the states, villages were selected by considering the climate for past 30 years. In the selected villages, a set of CR practices were implemented in annuals, perennials, irrigated rice, fertilizer use, land use change and livestock and quantified the GHG mitigation potential in these villages for next twenty years. The tool predicted that the CR practices adopted were successful in enhancing the overall sink (carbon balance) in all the study villages. The villages of Punjab had recorded higher mitigation potential as compared to the villages of Haryana. The overall sink potential in these villages ranged from -354 to -38309 Mg CO2-eq. The change in sink potential varied from 3.16 to 112% with lowest in Radauri and highest in Badhauchhi kalan village. The sink potential got doubled in Badhauchhi kalan village due to stopping rice straw burning and increase in area under perennials by 25%. The source potential varied from 6.33 to -7.44% across the study villages. Even with the implementation of NICRA, there was increase in source by 5.58 and 6.33% in Killi Nihal Singh Wala and Radauri due to irrigated rice, land use change and livestock. Majorly, rice straw burning was seen in most of the study villages, yet, with proper residue management and adoption of CR practices (mainly intermittent flooding) in rice cultivation resulted in emissions reduction up to 5-26% with enhanced productivity up to 15-18%, which can be considered for scaling up. Fertilizer management reduced the emissions by average of 13% across the study villages. Farm gate emission intensity per ton of milk and rice recorded highest emission intensity compared to annuals and perennials suggesting strict implementation of CR practices in rice cultivation and livestock sector. Implementation and scaling up of CR practices could potentially reduce the emissions and make the village C negative in intensive rice-wheat production system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J V N S Prasad
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - V Girija Veni
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Ch Srinivasarao
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
| | - Sumanta Kundu
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India.
| | - B Ramakrishna
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - K Sammi Reddy
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone-I, Ludhiana, India
| | - S K Singh
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute Zone-II, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ashish Santosh Murai
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone-I, Ludhiana, India
| | - P P Rohilla
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute Zone-II, Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - N K Goyal
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - D S Jakhar
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - B V S Kiran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Singh SK, Jaiswal AK, Verma M. Is there a ubiquitous association between sleep disorder and frailty? findings from LASI (2017-18). BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:429. [PMID: 37438687 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little is known about how sleep disorders affect frailty of seniors. The study uses Fried's frailty index, to investigate the relationship between sleep disorder and frailty among older Indian adults. METHODS The study analysed Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017-18) data which uses a multistage stratified area probability cluster sampling design. The association between frailty was studied for which the total sample size was 31,902. The principal dependent variable was frailty. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were presented in the study. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the study objectives to find the possible association. RESULTS The prevalence of frailty in India was 21.3 percent. Older adults with sleep disorder had 66 percent higher likelihood to be frail than their counterparts. The benefits of physical activity in containing frailty is huge, the association were quite high. Poor Self-rated health was significantly associated with higher frailty (OR = 1.73; CI = 1.47-2.04). CONCLUSIONS Frailty is an enormously growing public health issue and has bi-directional relation with sleep disorders. The study has clinical relevance since sleep complaints offer a means for identifying those who are vulnerable to frailty and through appropriate intervention, the causes of sleep disorder would help to delay and in some cases reverse frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajit K Jaiswal
- Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Assistant Professor of Community/Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda (Punjab), Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bakhshinyan D, Suk Y, Kuhlmann L, Adile AA, Ignatchenko V, Custers S, Gwynne WD, Macklin A, Venugopal C, Kislinger T, Singh SK. Dynamic profiling of medulloblastoma surfaceome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:111. [PMID: 37430373 PMCID: PMC10331972 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of malignant pediatric brain cancer. The current standard of care (SOC) involves maximal safe resection and chemoradiotherapy in individuals older than 3 years, often leading to devastating neurocognitive and developmental deficits. Out of the four distinct molecular subgroups, Group 3 and 4 have the poorest patient outcomes due to the aggressive nature of the tumor and propensity to metastasize and recur post therapy. The toxicity of the SOC and lack of response in specific subtypes to the SOC underscores the urgent need for developing and translating novel treatment options including immunotherapies. To identify differentially enriched surface proteins that could be evaluated for potential future immunotherapeutic interventions, we leveraged N-glycocapture surfaceome profiling on Group 3 MB cells from primary tumor, through therapy, to recurrence using our established therapy-adapted patient derived xenograft model. Integrin 𝛼5 (ITGA5) was one of the most differentially enriched targets found at recurrence when compared to engraftment and untreated timepoints. In addition to being enriched at recurrence, shRNA-mediated knockdown and small molecule inhibition of ITGA5 have resulted in marked decrease in proliferation and self-renewal in vitro and demonstrated a survival advantage in vivo. Together, our data highlights the value of dynamic profiling of cells as they evolve through therapy and the identification of ITGA5 as a promising therapeutic target for recurrent Group 3 MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bakhshinyan
- McMaster Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, MDCL 5027, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- McMaster Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, MDCL 5027, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Kuhlmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley A Adile
- McMaster Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, MDCL 5027, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ignatchenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Custers
- McMaster Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, MDCL 5027, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- McMaster Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, MDCL 5027, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Macklin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- McMaster Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, MDCL 5027, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- McMaster Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, MDCL 5027, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martell E, Kuzmychova H, Senthil H, Kaul E, Chokshi CR, Venugopal C, Anderson CM, Singh SK, Sharif T. Compensatory cross-talk between autophagy and glycolysis regulates senescence and stemness in heterogeneous glioblastoma tumor subpopulations. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:110. [PMID: 37420311 PMCID: PMC10327182 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts, successful targeting of aberrant tumor metabolism in clinical practice has remained elusive. Tumor heterogeneity and plasticity may play a role in the clinical failure of metabolism-targeting interventions for treating cancer patients. Moreover, compensatory growth-related processes and adaptive responses exhibited by heterogeneous tumor subpopulations to metabolic inhibitors are poorly understood. Here, by using clinically-relevant patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) cell models, we explore the cross-talk between glycolysis, autophagy, and senescence in maintaining tumor stemness. We found that stem cell-like GBM tumor subpopulations possessed higher basal levels of glycolytic activity and increased expression of several glycolysis-related enzymes including, GLUT1/SLC2A1, PFKP, ALDOA, GAPDH, ENO1, PKM2, and LDH, compared to their non-stem-like counterparts. Importantly, bioinformatics analysis also revealed that the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes positively correlates with stemness markers (CD133/PROM1 and SOX2) in patient GBM tumors. While treatment with glycolysis inhibitors induced senescence in stem cell-like GBM tumor subpopulations, as evidenced by increased β-galactosidase staining and upregulation of the cell cycle regulators p21Waf1/Cip1/CDKN1A and p16INK4A/CDKN2A, these cells maintained their aggressive stemness features and failed to undergo apoptotic cell death. Using various techniques including autophagy flux and EGFP-MAP1LC3B+ puncta formation analysis, we determined that inhibition of glycolysis led to the induction of autophagy in stem cell-like GBM tumor subpopulations, but not in their non-stem-like counterparts. Similarly, blocking autophagy in stem cell-like GBM tumor subpopulations induced senescence-associated growth arrest without hampering stemness capacity or inducing apoptosis while reciprocally upregulating glycolytic activity. Combinatorial treatment of stem cell-like GBM tumor subpopulations with autophagy and glycolysis inhibitors blocked the induction of senescence while drastically impairing their stemness capacity which drove cells towards apoptotic cell death. These findings identify a novel and complex compensatory interplay between glycolysis, autophagy, and senescence that helps maintain stemness in heterogeneous GBM tumor subpopulations and provides a survival advantage during metabolic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Martell
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Helgi Kuzmychova
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harshal Senthil
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Esha Kaul
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chirayu R Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher M Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tanveer Sharif
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adile AA, Bakhshinyan D, Suk Y, Uehling D, Saini M, Aman A, Magolan J, Subapanditha MK, McKenna D, Chokshi C, Savage N, Kameda-Smith MM, Venugopal C, Singh SK. An effective kinase inhibition strategy for metastatic recurrent childhood medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:635-645. [PMID: 37354357 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastomas (MBs) constitute the most common malignant brain tumor in children and adolescents. MYC-amplified Group 3 MBs are characterized by disease recurrence, specifically in the leptomeninges, whereby patients with these metastatic tumors have a mortality rate nearing 100%. Despite limited research on such tumors, studies on MB metastases at diagnosis suggest targeting kinases to be beneficial. METHODS To identify kinase inhibitors that eradicate cells driving therapy evasion and tumor dissemination, we utilized our established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse-adapted therapy platform that models human MB metastatic recurrences following standard chemoradiotherapy. High-throughput screens of 640 kinase inhibitors were conducted against cells isolated from mouse spines in the PDX model and human fetal neural stem cells to reveal compounds that targeted these treatment-refractory, metastatic cells, whilst sparing healthy cells. Blood-brain barrier permeability assays and additional in vitro experimentation helped select top candidates for in vivo studies. RESULTS Recurrent Group 3 MB PDX spine cells were therapeutically vulnerable to a selective checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor and small molecular inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). Inhibitor-treated cells showed a significant reduction in MB stem cell properties associated with treatment failure. Mice also demonstrated survival advantage when treated with a CHK1 inhibitor ex vivo. CONCLUSION We identified CHK1 and PDGFRβ inhibitors that effectively target MB cells fueling treatment-refractory metastases. With limited research on effective therapies for Group 3 MB metastatic recurrences, this work highlights promising therapeutic options to treat these aggressive tumors. Additional studies are warranted to investigate these inhibitors' mechanisms and recommended in vivo administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Adile
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet Saini
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jakob Magolan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Minomi K Subapanditha
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michelle M Kameda-Smith
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Human Cancer Stem Cell Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Neurosurgey, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Suk Y, Singh SK. Safety and efficacy of lorlatinib against ALK-driven refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101071. [PMID: 37343514 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
We spotlight the promising preliminary findings reported by Goldsmith et al. of a phase 1 first-in-child study showcasing the safety and efficacy of lorlatinib against treatment-refractory or relapsed ALK-driven neuroblastoma.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Suk
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goyal D, Haritash AK, Singh SK. Hydrogeochemical characterisation and geospatial analysis of groundwater for drinking water quality in Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:653. [PMID: 37162599 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study characterises the quality of groundwater for the Ludhiana district of Punjab, India by analysing water samples collected from 152 locations spread across 3767 km2. The samples were analysed for 18 parameters consisting of pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, major anions and cations. The parameter values have been used to calculate the drinking water quality index of the study area which suggests that 2.6, 57.9, 32.9, 4 and 2.6% of the samples fall under the excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable categories, respectively. The sequence of abundance for ions (in meq/l) as revealed from the laboratory tests is Na+ (37.1%) > Ca2+ (30.8%) > Mg2+ (29.1%) > K+ (2.8%) for cations and HCO3- (80%) > Cl¯ (8.9%) > CO32- (6.5%) > SO42- (3.9%) > NO3-, F-, PO43- (< 1%) for anions. The spatial variability of these parameters has been depicted through the use of interpolation maps. Evaluation of different ionic ratios indicates that carbonate weathering and silicate weathering are both significantly affecting the groundwater chemistry with a slight dominance of carbonate weathering. Also, the ion exchange process is taking place in the area as confirmed by CAI index values. In terms of saturation index, the groundwater is undersaturated with respect to halite, fluorite and sylvite, whereas it is supersaturated for calcite, dolomite and aragonite minerals. The principal components in PCA explained 75.4% of the total variance with 29.1 and 28.3% contributions from PC1 and PC2. Both of these components indicate towards the geogenic and anthropogenic influence on groundwater mineralization of the area. The analysis suggests that groundwater for the study area is suitable for drinking in most of the region expect in a few places. Such a study could be used to understand the current status of groundwater quality in the area, the results of which can be used to prevent further contamination and sustain the resource for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Goyal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - A K Haritash
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martell E, Kuzmychova H, Kaul E, Senthil H, Chowdhury SR, Morrison LC, Fresnoza A, Zagozewski J, Venugopal C, Anderson CM, Singh SK, Banerji V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Sharif T. Metabolism-based targeting of MYC via MPC-SOD2 axis-mediated oxidation promotes cellular differentiation in group 3 medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2502. [PMID: 37130865 PMCID: PMC10154337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 3 medulloblastoma (G3 MB) carries the worst prognosis of all MB subgroups. MYC oncoprotein is elevated in G3 MB tumors; however, the mechanisms that support MYC abundance remain unclear. Using metabolic and mechanistic profiling, we pinpoint a role for mitochondrial metabolism in regulating MYC. Complex-I inhibition decreases MYC abundance in G3 MB, attenuates the expression of MYC-downstream targets, induces differentiation, and prolongs male animal survival. Mechanistically, complex-I inhibition increases inactivating acetylation of antioxidant enzyme SOD2 at K68 and K122, triggering the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that promotes MYC oxidation and degradation in a mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)-dependent manner. MPC inhibition blocks the acetylation of SOD2 and oxidation of MYC, restoring MYC abundance and self-renewal capacity in G3 MB cells following complex-I inhibition. Identification of this MPC-SOD2 signaling axis reveals a role for metabolism in regulating MYC protein abundance that has clinical implications for treating G3 MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Martell
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Helgi Kuzmychova
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Esha Kaul
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harshal Senthil
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Ludivine Coudière Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Agnes Fresnoza
- Central Animal Care Services, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jamie Zagozewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chris M Anderson
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Versha Banerji
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tanveer Sharif
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaundal P, Mavuduru RS, Bora GS, Mete UK, Singh SK. Quality of life, voiding & sexual dysfunction following robot-assisted vesicovaginal fistula repair: a tertiary care centre experience. J Robot Surg 2023:10.1007/s11701-023-01599-7. [PMID: 37055673 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Robot-assisted VVF (RA-VVF) repair has the advantage of small cystotomy, precise dissection and minimal surrounding tissue trauma. Translation of this to better functional outcomes is not studied so far. This study aims to evaluate the quality of life, voiding, and sexual dysfunction following robot-assisted VVF repair. Women with successful RA-VVF repair were screened using UDI-6, IIQ-7, FSFI, and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. The preoperative assessment was done in the prospective cohort only. Of the 75 women who underwent RA-VVF repair, 47 were enrolled, 33 in retrospective, and 14 in a prospective cohort. Overall, 28 (60%) women had urinary complaints with a median UDI-6 total score of 4 (0-100) and IIQ-7 score (0-23) in 5 (10%) women. However, UDS (15 women) showed no DO with cystometric capacity (352 ± 98.12) ml and normal compliance in 14 (93%) women. Mean BOOI and DCI were 11.90 ± 7.01 and 44.25 ± 8.60 respectively, with PdetQmax ranging from 17 to 44. None had difficulty in voiding (Qmax 13.85 ± 4.90). Twenty (43%) women were sexually active, and 2 had sexual dysfunction (FSFI score < 26.55). Quality of life was "good" to "very good" in all domains (score > 90) except for the social domain. The prospective cohort showed significant improvement in UDI-6 score (p < 0.05), IIQ-7 score (p < 0.05), and quality of life (p < 0.05) postoperatively. RA-VVF repair results in minimal voiding dysfunction and significant improvement in overall quality of life. For sexual dysfunction assessment, a longer follow-up is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kaundal
- Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - R S Mavuduru
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - G S Bora
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - U K Mete
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Savage N, Zemp FJ, Mikolajewicz N, Han H, Venugopal C, Chokshi C, Tatari N, Kislinger T, Moffat J, Mahoney D, Singh SK. Abstract 1154: Investigating the functional role of GPNMB in glioblastoma and the tumor immune microenvironment and its targeted elimination using CAR-Ts. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is known to be active in the extracellular matrix of glioblastoma and has been identified as a promising immunotherapy target for both tumor cells and immunosuppressive macrophages.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on patient derived xenograft (PDX) brains and tissue samples of 16 patient matched primary/recurrent GBMs as well as 23 normal organ tissues. Whole cell proteomics was performed on 43 matched primary/recurrent GBM samples. Flow cytometry measured surface expression levels of GPNMB to confirm CAR-T accessibility. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to eliminate expression in GBM lines to measure proliferation and mouse survival times. GPNMB knockout clones were generated in GL261 and engrafted in immunocompetent mice to examine single cell transcriptomes using sciRNAseq at endpoint. A second-generation CAR-T was developed to target GPNMB-expressing populations, and efficacy was interrogated using standard in vitro assays and GBM PDX models.
Results: The absence of GPNMB throughout most normal tissues validates the rationale of administering CAR-Ts as a safe modality for patients. GPNMB detected in residual tumors of PDX models treated orthotopically with CD133 CAR-Ts revealed it as a targetable subpopulation of GBM cells and a rational co-target alongside CD133 in the heterogeneous tumor. Tissue microarrays and whole cell proteomics found GPNMB to be upregulated in recurrent GBMs compared to primary (p=0.0349 and p=0.0033 respectively) while being absent in normal tissues. Single cell sequencing data of patient GBMs revealed GPNMB was also highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages. Eliminating GPNMB in GBM cell lines decreased proliferation (P<0.001) and prolonged survival times in all mouse models (P<0.01) indicating its functional relevance. GPNMB knockout clones displayed downregulation of hallmark signalling pathways of GBM such as PDGFR, TGF-beta, Integrins and Stats, as well as decreased innate/adaptive immune activation. CAR-T cytotoxicity and activation was observed in vitro and in vivo resulting in decreased tumor burden (P<0.001) and increased survival times (P<0.001). Ultimately a CD133+ population was observed in residual tumors of GPNMB CAR-T treated mice at endpoint and surface expression of CD133 and GPNMB revealed co-expression and distinct populations.
Conclusions: We show GPNMB influences tumor-intrinsic biology of GBM and is also active in macrophages in the recurrent GBM immune microenvironment. By targeting GPNMB along with CD133, combinatorial therapeutic regimens could target both the cancer stem cell hierarchy and its supportive niche. Administration of both CAR-T cell therapies to humanized mice engrafted with patient-derived GBMs will provide better cytotoxic coverage and potentially provide more durable therapeutic efficacy for GBM patients.
Citation Format: Neil Savage, Franz J. Zemp, Nick Mikolajewicz, Hong Han, Chitra Venugopal, Chirayu Chokshi, Nazanin Tatari, Thomas Kislinger, Jason Moffat, Doug Mahoney, Sheila K. Singh. Investigating the functional role of GPNMB in glioblastoma and the tumor immune microenvironment and its targeted elimination using CAR-Ts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1154.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Savage
- 1McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Hong Han
- 1McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Moffat
- 3University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doug Mahoney
- 2University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kieliszek AM, Mobilio D, Bassey-Archibong BI, Johnson J, Aghaei N, Gwynne W, McKenna D, Subapanditha MK, Venugopal C, Magolan J, Singh SK. Abstract 2474: Uncovering a new therapeutic vulnerability for preventing brain metastases. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRO: Patients with brain metastases (BM) face a 90% mortality rate within one year of their diagnosis and they lack targeted therapeutic options, particularly preventative or interceptional ones.
METHODS: The Singh lab has generated a large in-house biobank of patient-derived BM cell lines that are established from patient-derived BM from primary lung and breast cancers and melanoma. We use these BM cell lines to generate murine orthotopic xenograft models of BM and interrogate the biological processes that lead to BM. These models have successfully recapitulated all the stages of their respective metastatic cascades and allowed characterization of a “premetastatic” population of BM cells that have just seeded the brains of mice before forming mature, clinically detectable tumors. Pre-metastatic cell populations are impossible to detect in human patients but present a therapeutic window wherein metastasizing cells can be targeted and eradicated before establishing clinically detectable and difficult to treat brain tumors.
RESULTS: Targeting premetastatic BM cells is a feasible interceptional strategy to block BM, but druggable targets are still very limited. Here, we applied RNA sequencing of premetastatic BM cells to reveal a unique deregulated transcriptomic profile that is specific to premetastatic cells regardless of primary tumor origin. Subsequent Connectivity Map analysis revealed compounds that we biologically characterized in vitro for selective anti-BMIC phenotypes. This effort led us to identify a tool compound that exhibits anti-BM activity in vitro, while remaining ineffective against normal brain cell controls. Follow up preclinical studies showed that treatment with this tool compound reduces the tumor burden of mice compared to placebo, while providing a significant survival advantage. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and CRISPR knock-out studies directly validated our tool compound’s target, Target X, as a targetable therapeutic vulnerability in BM, where pharmacological and genetic perturbation of Target X attenuates BM cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. We have now begun a large-scale medicinal chemistry campaign to develop a novel, brain penetrant Target X-inhibitor with a drug-like pre-clinical profile validated by our in vivo experimental models. This advanced drug candidate will be ready for later stage preclinical development and subsequent clinical development.
CONCLUSION: This potential first-in-class anti-metastatic therapy may provide an alternative interceptional treatment strategy for patients experiencing BM that are otherwise limited to palliation. Our work provides a new model for target discovery and validation to develop more effective preventative therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic disease.
Citation Format: Agata M. Kieliszek, Daniel Mobilio, Blessing I. Bassey-Archibong, Jarrod Johnson, Nikoo Aghaei, William Gwynne, Dillon McKenna, Minomi K. Subapanditha, Chitra Venugopal, Jakob Magolan, Sheila K. Singh. Uncovering a new therapeutic vulnerability for preventing brain metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2474.
Collapse
|
27
|
Aggarwal D, Mandal S, Parmar K, Manoharan V, Singh S, Yadav AK, Kumar S, Sharma AP, Singh SK. Predictors of mortality and nephrectomy in emphysematous pyelonephritis: a tertiary care centre study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:323-330. [PMID: 35617107 PMCID: PMC10066649 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a deadly disease due to its associated morbidity and mortality. Attempts have been made to identify predictors of severity, mortality and need for nephrectomy in EPN with little success. METHODS We conducted an ambispective study of EPN patients between March 2014 and September 2019. Retrospective data were collected which included age, sex, comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory investigations including imaging, need for dialysis, management and any complications. All patients were then followed prospectively for renal dynamic scan, stone surgery or nephrectomy. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors affecting mortality and need for elective nephrectomy. RESULTS In total, 112 patients were included. Mean patient age was 50.01 years, 55% were female and 5% had bilateral involvement. Fever and flank pain were the most common symptoms. Diabetes was seen in 75% of cases and 30% of cases required haemodialysis at initial presentation. About 60% of patients improved with pigtail drainage. Need for nephrectomy was greater in Huang-Tseng stage 3a (14.8%). Huang-Tseng stages 3b and 4 had higher mortality rates (25%) than the other stages (2.2%). Twelve of 99 patients had non functional kidney on follow-up and underwent elective nephrectomy. Low platelet counts, high body mass index, septic shock, dialysis and higher Huang-Tseng stage were found to be predictive of mortality and renal parenchymal thickness on computed tomography scan was predictive of follow-up nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS Thrombocytopaenia, high body mass index, septic shock, haemodialysis and higher Huang-Tseng stage are predictors of mortality and renal parenchymal thickness <5mm is a predictor of poor salvage of affected kidney on follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Aggarwal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Mandal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Parmar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V Manoharan
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - AK Yadav
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kumar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - AP Sharma
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - SK Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Singh SK, Sah VK, Pyakurel A. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Children Admitted with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in a Tertiary Hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:175-179. [PMID: 38628011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Most children infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection, are asymptomatic or develops mild to moderate symptoms. Few weeks later, few children develops delayed hyper inflammatory syndrome known as Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Objective To describe various demographic features of children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. To analyze common clinical presentation, clinical and laboratory markers of severity and outcome of children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Method This study was prospective observational study conducted on children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. This was conducted in Department of Pediatrics of Nobel Medical College during 12 months period from July 2021 to June 2022. Basic demographic features, common clinical presentation in children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and its severity and outcome were analyzed. Independent sample t-test and chi square test was used for comparison of means and categorical variables. Logistic regression was done to assess the relationship between clinical variables and outcome. Result A total of 36 children were included in our study. Maximum number of cases were male (61.11%) and age group > 10 years (58.33%). Fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, shock and renal dysfunction were common clinical features. Children requiring mechanical ventilation had higher C-reactive protein (CRP), lower platelets, higher d-Dimer and lower ejection fraction. Vasoactive Inotropic score (VIS > 10) was associated with higher chances of mechanical ventilation and prolonged pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay. Mortality rate in our study was 5.55% and three children developed coronary aneurysm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - V K Sah
- Department of Pediatrics, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A Pyakurel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, B and B Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hossain MS, Ma MK, Chung YJ, Singh SK, Gupta A, West KW, Baldwin KW, Pfeiffer LN, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Valley-Tunable Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State in the Lowest Landau Level of an Anisotropic System. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:126301. [PMID: 37027870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.126301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) at even-denominator Landau level filling factors (ν) are of prime interest as they are predicted to host exotic, topological states of matter. We report here the observation of a FQHS at ν=1/2 in a two-dimensional electron system of exceptionally high quality, confined to a wide AlAs quantum well, where the electrons can occupy multiple conduction-band valleys with an anisotropic effective mass. The anisotropy and multivalley degree of freedom offer an unprecedented tunability of the ν=1/2 FQHS as we can control both the valley occupancy via the application of in-plane strain, and the ratio between the strengths of the short- and long-range Coulomb interaction by tilting the sample in the magnetic field to change the electron charge distribution. Thanks to this tunability, we observe phase transitions from a compressible Fermi liquid to an incompressible FQHS and then to an insulating phase as a function of tilt angle. We find that this evolution and the energy gap of the ν=1/2 FQHS depend strongly on valley occupancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafayat Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Meng K Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sasidharan JK, Patra MK, Khan JA, Singh AK, Karikalan M, De UK, Saxena AC, Dubal ZB, Singh SK, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthases and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the endometrium and circulation in different graded CEH-pyometra in bitch. Theriogenology 2023; 197:139-149. [PMID: 36516536 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra (CEH-P) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in bitches, posing a risk to both future fertility and life. The aims of the current study were to elucidate the differential expression patterns of inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels in the endometrium and to assess the concentrations of key inflammatory mediators in the peripheral circulation of bitches with different graded CEH-P. A total of 25 client-owned intact mixed breed bitches of 3-10 years presented to the outpatient department of RVP-TVCC of the institute were considered for the study. Of which, 22 cases suggestive of pyometra and 3 cases of CEH obtained during routine elective ovariohysterectomy were subjected to histopathological examination. Uteri were categorized into CEH (n = 3), moderate CEH-P (mCEH-P, n = 9), severe CEH-P (sCEH-P, n = 6) and atrophic pyometra (AT-P, n = 7). A group of age matched (n = 12) bitches without pyometra served as control. Endometrial transcripts such as IL6, IL8, PTGS2, PGFS, and SLPI were expressed differentially in the CEH and CEH-P bitch. In addition, a strong immunoreactivity (IR) of IL6, IL8, PTGS2, and mPGES1 was recorded in the sCEH-P uterus, while expression of IL10 was noticed in AT-P. In circulation, serum IL6 was the most relevant marker with high sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut off concentration 8.5 pg/mL followed by SLPI with 95.2% sensitivity, and 84.6% specificity at cut off concentration of 1.3 ng/mL. Serum IL10, PGFM and SLPI concentration in the peripheral circulation were 1.5-2.23 fold higher in mCEH-P, 0.87-2.5 fold higher in sCEH-P and 2.9-3.5 fold higher in AT-P than that of control. It is concluded that monitoring the serum concentration of IL6, IL10 and SLPI would be useful adjunct to the established hematobiochemical parameters in the management of pyometra in the bitch with critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Sasidharan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M K Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - J A Khan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - U K De
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India; Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A C Saxena
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - S K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - H Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Verhey LH, Maharaj A, Patel N, Manoranjan B, Ajani O, Fleming A, Farrokhyar F, Singh SK, Yarascavitch B. External ventricular drainage in the management of pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalus: a retrospective cohort study. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:887-894. [PMID: 36633680 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether intraoperative adjunctive EVD placement in patients with a posterior fossa tumor (PFT) led to improved surgical, radiographic, and clinical outcomes compared to those who did not receive an EVD. METHODS Patients were grouped as those who underwent routine intraoperative adjunctive EVD insertion and those who did not at time of PFT resection. Patients who pre-operatively required a clinically indicated EVD insertion were excluded. Comparative analyses between both groups were conducted to evaluate clinical, radiological, and pathological outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for post-operative outcomes. RESULTS Fifty-five selected patients were included, 15 who had an EVD placed at the time of PFT resection surgery, and 40 who did not. Children without an EVD did not experience a higher rate of complications or poorer post-operative outcomes compared to those with an EVD placed during resection surgery. There was no significant difference in the degree of gross total resection (p = 0.129), post-operative CSF leak (p = 1.000), and post-operative hemorrhage (p = 0.554) between those with an EVD and those without. The frequency of new cranial nerve deficits post-operatively was higher in those with an EVD (40%) compared to those without (3%, p = 0.001). There was a trend towards more frequently observed post-operative hydrocephalus in the EVD group (p = 0.057). CONCLUSION The routine use of EVD as an intraoperative adjunct in clinically stable pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalus may not be associated with improved radiological or clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard H Verhey
- Division of Neurosurgery, Michigan State University, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Arjuna Maharaj
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nikunj Patel
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Branavan Manoranjan
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Olufemi Ajani
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Fleming
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methodology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Blake Yarascavitch
- McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kameda-Smith MM, Zhu H, Luo EC, Suk Y, Xella A, Yee B, Chokshi C, Xing S, Tan F, Fox RG, Adile AA, Bakhshinyan D, Brown K, Gwynne WD, Subapanditha M, Miletic P, Picard D, Burns I, Moffat J, Paruch K, Fleming A, Hope K, Provias JP, Remke M, Lu Y, Reya T, Venugopal C, Reimand J, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Yeo GW, Singh SK. Author Correction: Characterization of an RNA binding protein interactome reveals a context-specific post-transcriptional landscape of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:136. [PMID: 36627300 PMCID: PMC9832149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Kameda-Smith
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Helen Zhu
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - En-Ching Luo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yujin Suk
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Agata Xella
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Brian Yee
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sansi Xing
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Frederick Tan
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Raymond G. Fox
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ashley A. Adile
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Kevin Brown
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - William D. Gwynne
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Minomi Subapanditha
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Petar Miletic
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Daniel Picard
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ian Burns
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kamil Paruch
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.483343.bInternational Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Fleming
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Kristin Hope
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - John P. Provias
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Neuropathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yu Lu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh SK, Kumar S. Nature, pattern, and changes in alcohol consumption among men in India: Insights from NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36579708 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2160853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The consumption pattern of alcohol varies between cultures and different communities. Moreover, alcohol consumption pattern depends on age, religion, education, type of drink, and other socio-economic parameters. Alcohol use has reportedly declined in most developed counties, but developing countries still witnessed an increasing trend. The study investigated socio-economic drivers, nature, and patterns of alcohol use among adult men in India. We have also investigated the state-level alcohol prevalence in India better to understand the impact of state-level alcohol prohibition policies. We have retrieved the data from the National Family Health survey's fourth and fifth-round, which was conducted in 2015-2016 and 2020-2021, respectively. We used the bi-variate technique to estimate that percentage of men who consume alcohol. Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to assess the association of each background characteristic with alcohol consumption. It is observed that 19 percent of men aged 15 and above currently drink alcohol, including 20 percent in rural and 17 percent in urban areas. The consumption of tadi/madi/country liquor/homemade liquor was high in rural areas than in urban areas in both rounds of the survey. Additionally, beer or wine consumption is higher in urban areas than in rural areas in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. Among the 35-49 years of age group, around 6 and 8 times more likely to consume alcohol in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, respectively. Rural men were 18 and one percent less likely to consume alcohol in NFHS-4 & 5 compared to urban (OR: 0.82 and 0.99 in NFHS-4 & 5 respectively). Despite an overall reduction in alcohol consumption among men, lowering alcohol consumption remains the main priority of policymakers. There is a need to target the most vulnerable socio-economic segments where alcohol consumption is still a problem, one of the primary reasons for violence against women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gwynne WD, Suk Y, Custers S, Mikolajewicz N, Chan JK, Zador Z, Chafe SC, Zhai K, Escudero L, Zhang C, Zaslaver O, Chokshi C, Shaikh MV, Bakhshinyan D, Burns I, Chaudhry I, Nachmani O, Mobilio D, Maich WT, Mero P, Brown KR, Quaile AT, Venugopal C, Moffat J, Montenegro-Burke JR, Singh SK. Cancer-selective metabolic vulnerabilities in MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:1488-1502.e7. [PMID: 36368321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
MYC-driven medulloblastoma (MB) is an aggressive pediatric brain tumor characterized by therapy resistance and disease recurrence. Here, we integrated data from unbiased genetic screening and metabolomic profiling to identify multiple cancer-selective metabolic vulnerabilities in MYC-driven MB tumor cells, which are amenable to therapeutic targeting. Among these targets, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme that catalyzes de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, emerged as a favorable candidate for therapeutic targeting. Mechanistically, DHODH inhibition acts on target, leading to uridine metabolite scarcity and hyperlipidemia, accompanied by reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation and c-Myc degradation. Pyrimidine starvation evokes a metabolic stress response that leads to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. We further show that an orally available small-molecule DHODH inhibitor demonstrates potent mono-therapeutic efficacy against patient-derived MB xenografts in vivo. The reprogramming of pyrimidine metabolism in MYC-driven medulloblastoma represents an unappreciated therapeutic strategy and a potential new class of treatments with stronger cancer selectivity and fewer neurotoxic sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D Gwynne
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Stefan Custers
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jeremy K Chan
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zsolt Zador
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Shawn C Chafe
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Laura Escudero
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Cunjie Zhang
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Olga Zaslaver
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Muhammad Vaseem Shaikh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ian Burns
- Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Iqra Chaudhry
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Omri Nachmani
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Daniel Mobilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - William T Maich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Patricia Mero
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Andrew T Quaile
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - J Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kameda-Smith MM, Zhu H, Luo EC, Suk Y, Xella A, Yee B, Chokshi C, Xing S, Tan F, Fox RG, Adile AA, Bakhshinyan D, Brown K, Gwynne WD, Subapanditha M, Miletic P, Picard D, Burns I, Moffat J, Paruch K, Fleming A, Hope K, Provias JP, Remke M, Lu Y, Reya T, Venugopal C, Reimand J, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Yeo GW, Singh SK. Characterization of an RNA binding protein interactome reveals a context-specific post-transcriptional landscape of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7506. [PMID: 36473869 PMCID: PMC9726987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common solid malignant brain neoplasm, with Group 3 (G3) MB representing the most aggressive subgroup. MYC amplification is an independent poor prognostic factor in G3 MB, however, therapeutic targeting of the MYC pathway remains limited and alternative therapies for G3 MB are urgently needed. Here we show that the RNA-binding protein, Musashi-1 (MSI1) is an essential mediator of G3 MB in both MYC-overexpressing mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. MSI1 inhibition abrogates tumor initiation and significantly prolongs survival in both models. We identify binding targets of MSI1 in normal neural and G3 MB stem cells and then cross referenced these data with unbiased large-scale screens at the transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic levels to systematically dissect its functional role. Comparative integrative multi-omic analyses of these large datasets reveal cancer-selective MSI1-bound targets sharing multiple MYC associated pathways, providing a valuable resource for context-specific therapeutic targeting of G3 MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Kameda-Smith
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Helen Zhu
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - En-Ching Luo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yujin Suk
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Agata Xella
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Brian Yee
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sansi Xing
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Frederick Tan
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Raymond G. Fox
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ashley A. Adile
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Kevin Brown
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - William D. Gwynne
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Minomi Subapanditha
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Petar Miletic
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Daniel Picard
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ian Burns
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamil Paruch
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.483343.bInternational Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Fleming
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kristin Hope
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - John P. Provias
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Departments of Neuropathology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yu Lu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tatari N, Khan S, Livingstone J, Zhai K, Mckenna D, Ignatchenko V, Chokshi C, Gwynne WD, Singh M, Revill S, Mikolajewicz N, Zhu C, Chan J, Hawkins C, Lu JQ, Provias JP, Ask K, Morrissy S, Brown S, Weiss T, Weller M, Han H, Greenspoon JN, Moffat J, Venugopal C, Boutros PC, Singh SK, Kislinger T. The proteomic landscape of glioblastoma recurrence reveals novel and targetable immunoregulatory drivers. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:1127-1142. [PMID: 36178522 PMCID: PMC10187978 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by extensive cellular and genetic heterogeneity. Its initial presentation as primary disease (pGBM) has been subject to exhaustive molecular and cellular profiling. By contrast, our understanding of how GBM evolves to evade the selective pressure of therapy is starkly limited. The proteomic landscape of recurrent GBM (rGBM), which is refractory to most treatments used for pGBM, are poorly known. We, therefore, quantified the transcriptome and proteome of 134 patient-derived pGBM and rGBM samples, including 40 matched pGBM-rGBM pairs. GBM subtypes transition from pGBM to rGBM towards a preferentially mesenchymal state at recurrence, consistent with the increasingly invasive nature of rGBM. We identified immune regulatory/suppressive genes as important drivers of rGBM and in particular 2-5-oligoadenylate synthase 2 (OAS2) as an essential gene in recurrent disease. Our data identify a new class of therapeutic targets that emerge from the adaptive response of pGBM to therapy, emerging specifically in recurrent disease and may provide new therapeutic opportunities absent at pGBM diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Tatari
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Department of Human Genetics and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon Mckenna
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Manoj Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Human Genetics and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John P Provias
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samuel Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Greenspoon
- Juravinski Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kirti K, Singh SK. Quantifying the burden of Hypercholesterolemia among Adolescents in India. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a kind of hyperlipidemia in which an individual's blood contains excessive non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which has emerged as a significant covariate of coronary heart disease. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to unearth the current hypercholesterolemia levels, probable risk factors, and its impact on other metabolic diseases among adolescents using data on 35,830 adolescents aged 10-19 years from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, India, 2016-18. Findings suggest that the mean lipid levels for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were 140.6, 84.1, 47.3, and 95.3, respectively, with females bearing the higher burden. The study further identified early adolescents, urban residents, and overweight individuals at a higher risk of having elevated non-HDL. Western and Eastern regions bore higher LDL levels. Further, for a unit increase in TSFT risk of having high LDL increased by 2.55 times. Zinc deficits are at 2.13 times higher risk compared to zinc sufficient. Adolescents consuming unhealthy diets were at higher risk of elevated LDL. The study contends that it is essential to prevent the increasing levels of lipid profiles among Indian adolescents. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies and unhealthy dietary habits are significantly associated with high LDL and non-HDL levels. In the longer run, this might cause the early onset of complex cardiometabolic disorders, which would disrupt the individual's social and economic well-being. Hence, appropriate interventions are needed to curtail these early onsets by primarily focusing on adolescents.
Key messages
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kirti
- Department of Biostatitics and Demography, International Institute for Population Sciences , Mumbai, India
| | - SK Singh
- Department of Biostatitics and Demography, International Institute for Population Sciences , Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang C, Gupta A, Singh SK, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Baldwin KW, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν=3/4. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:156801. [PMID: 36269975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) exemplify exotic phases of low-disorder two-dimensional (2D) electron systems when electron-electron interaction dominates over the thermal and kinetic energies. Particularly intriguing among the FQHSs are those observed at even-denominator Landau level filling factors, as their quasiparticles are generally believed to obey non-Abelian statistics and be of potential use in topological quantum computing. Such states, however, are very rare and fragile, and are typically observed in the excited Landau level of 2D electron systems with the lowest amount of disorder. Here we report the observation of a new and unexpected even-denominator FQHS at filling factor ν=3/4 in a GaAs 2D hole system with an exceptionally high quality (mobility). Our magnetotransport measurements reveal a strong minimum in the longitudinal resistance at ν=3/4, accompanied by a developing Hall plateau centered at (h/e^{2})/(3/4). This even-denominator FQHS is very unusual as it is observed in the lowest Landau level and in a 2D hole system. While its origin is unclear, it is likely a non-Abelian state, emerging from the residual interaction between composite fermions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Qazi MA, Salim SK, Brown KR, Mikolajewicz N, Savage N, Han H, Subapanditha MK, Bakhshinyan D, Nixon A, Vora P, Desmond K, Chokshi C, Singh M, Khoo A, Macklin A, Khan S, Tatari N, Winegarden N, Richards L, Pugh T, Bock N, Mansouri A, Venugopal C, Kislinger T, Goyal S, Moffat J, Singh SK. Characterization of the minimal residual disease state reveals distinct evolutionary trajectories of human glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111420. [PMID: 36170831 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of solid tumors renders patients vulnerable to advanced, treatment-refractory disease state with mutational and oncogenic landscape distinctive from initial diagnosis. Improving outcomes for recurrent cancers requires a better understanding of cell populations that expand from the post-therapy, minimal residual disease (MRD) state. We profile barcoded tumor stem cell populations through therapy at tumor initiation, MRD, and recurrence in our therapy-adapted, patient-derived xenograft models of glioblastoma (GBM). Tumors show distinct patterns of recurrence in which clonal populations exhibit either a pre-existing fitness advantage or an equipotency fitness acquired through therapy. Characterization of the MRD state by single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveals a tumor-intrinsic immunomodulatory signature with prognostic significance at the transcriptomic level and in proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from patients with GBM. Our results provide insight into the innate and therapy-driven dynamics of human GBM and the prognostic value of interrogating the MRD state in solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maleeha A Qazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sabra K Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Hong Han
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Minomi K Subapanditha
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Allison Nixon
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Parvez Vora
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kimberly Desmond
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Amanda Khoo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Macklin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | | | - Trevor Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bock
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidhartha Goyal
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) are a valuable tool in brain cancer research since they are used as a normal control for multiple assays, mainly pertaining to toxicity. Here, we present a protocol to safely and successfully derive and culture hNSCs in vitro from human embryonic brain tissue. We describe the steps to dissociate embryonic brain tissue and culture hNSCs, followed by the procedure to expand hNSCs. These cells can be used for downstream applications including RNA-seq and omics studies. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Venugopal et al. (2012b), Bakhshinyan et al. (2019), and Venugopal et al. (2012a). Derivation and cryopreservation of hNSCs from human embryonic tissue Long-term culture and expansion of primary hNSC cells Feasible to generate up to 200 million human neural stem cells in 1 to 2 months Can be used for downstream applications such as RNAseq and omics techniques
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Agata Kieliszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Daniel Mobilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Singh SK, Noori AR. Groundwater quality assessment and modeling utilizing water quality index and GIS in Kabul Basin, Afghanistan. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:673. [PMID: 35972702 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater stands as a unique source of water supply in Kabul city, Afghanistan. In this investigation, 35 samples of groundwater were comprehensively analyzed to determine its hydrogeochemical characterizations, quality, water types, and its acceptability as drinking sources. A portable digital multiparameter instrument (LAB MAN Scientific instrument) was used to measure the total dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen potential (pH), and electrical conductivity (EC). Total hardness, chloride, and bicarbonate were examined via a titrimetric approach. Sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentrations were measured with a flame photometer. Fluoride was determined by using a digital portable multiparameter. UV-VIS spectrophotometers were employed to count sulfate and nitrate concentrations. The distribution pattern of measured parameters and the Water Quality Index (WQI) in groundwater were spatially modeled utilizing the ArcGIS tool. The findings provide insight into the main anions and cations, which are found in ascending sequence F < NO3 < SO4 < Cl < HCO3 and K < Ca < Na < Mg, respectively. Based on the measurements of ion concentrations, bicarbonate (71.4%), chloride (14.28%), nitrate (2.85%), magnesium (80%), sodium (82.85%), calcium (5.71%), and potassium (17.14%) were all determined to be over the World Health Organization (WHO) limits of drinking water. Using the Piper trilinear diagram, two significant hydrochemical facies (CaNaHCO3 and NaHCO3) were discovered. Based on the mathematical model of WQI outputs, 88.57% of the research region has excellent to good water, whereas 11.43% has poor to very poor water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Ali Reza Noori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Kabul Polytechnic University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, Osieck ER, Steinrucken TV, Tan YP, Vitelli JS, Shivas RG, Barrett M, Boxshall AG, Broadbridge J, Larsson E, Lebel T, Pinruan U, Sommai S, Alvarado P, Bonito G, Decock CA, De la Peña-Lastra S, Delgado G, Houbraken J, Maciá-Vicente JG, Raja HA, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez A, Wingfield MJ, Adams SJ, Akulov A, Al-Hidmi T, Antonín V, Arauzo S, Arenas F, Armada F, Aylward J, Bellanger JM, Berraf-Tebbal A, Bidaud A, Boccardo F, Cabero J, Calledda F, Corriol G, Crane JL, Dearnaley JDW, Dima B, Dovana F, Eichmeier A, Esteve-Raventós F, Fine M, Ganzert L, García D, Torres-Garcia D, Gené J, Gutiérrez A, Iglesias P, Istel Ł, Jangsantear P, Jansen GM, Jeppson M, Karun NC, Karich A, Khamsuntorn P, Kokkonen K, Kolařík M, Kubátová A, Labuda R, Lagashetti AC, Lifshitz N, Linde C, Loizides M, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Lueangjaroenkit P, Mahadevakumar S, Mahamedi AE, Malloch DW, Marincowitz S, Mateos A, Moreau PA, Miller AN, Molia A, Morte A, Navarro-Ródenas A, Nebesářová J, Nigrone E, Nuthan BR, Oberlies NH, Pepori AL, Rämä T, Rapley D, Reschke K, Robicheau BM, Roets F, Roux J, Saavedra M, Sakolrak B, Santini A, Ševčíková H, Singh PN, Singh SK, Somrithipol S, Spetik M, Sridhar KR, Starink-Willemse M, Taylor VA, van Iperen AL, Vauras J, Walker AK, Wingfield BD, Yarden O, Cooke AW, Manners AG, Pegg KG, Groenewald JZ. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 2022; 48:261-371. [PMID: 38234686 PMCID: PMC10792288 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.) on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.) from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.) from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands, Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.) on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.) on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa, Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum lauri-silvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa, Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on overwintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, et al. 2022. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 48: 261-371. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.08.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Boers
- Moleneinde 15, 7991 AK, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - D Holdom
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - E R Osieck
- Jkvr. C.M. van Asch van Wijcklaan 19, 3972 ST Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Y P Tan
- Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J S Vitelli
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - R G Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Barrett
- James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - E Larsson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Lebel
- State Herbarium of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - U Pinruan
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - S Sommai
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Alvarado
- ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera st., Severo Ochoa bldg. S1.04, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - G Bonito
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - C A Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute - ELIM - Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - G Delgado
- Eurofins EMLab P&K Houston, 10900 Brittmoore Park Dr. Suite G, Houston, Texas 77041, USA
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J G Maciá-Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | | | - A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S J Adams
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - A Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T Al-Hidmi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Antonín
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Arauzo
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - F Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Armada
- 203, montée Saint-Mamert-le-Haut, F-38138 Les Côtes-d'Arey, France
| | - J Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J-M Bellanger
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - A Berraf-Tebbal
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - A Bidaud
- 2436, route de Brailles, F-38510 Vézeronce-Curtin, France
| | - F Boccardo
- Via Filippo Bettini 14/11, 16162, Genova, Italy
| | - J Cabero
- C/ El Sol 6. 49800 Toro, Zamora, Spain
| | - F Calledda
- Via 25 aprile, 76, 20051, Cassina De Pecchi (MI), Italy
| | - G Corriol
- National Botanical Conservatory of the Pyrenees and Midi-Pyrenees. Vallon de Salut, BP 70315, 65203 Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France
| | - J L Crane
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - J D W Dearnaley
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - B Dima
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Dovana
- Via Quargnento, 17, 15029, Solero (AL), Italy
| | - A Eichmeier
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - F Esteve-Raventós
- Departemento de Ciencias de la Vida, Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, E28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fine
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - L Ganzert
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - D Torres-Garcia
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Iglesias
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - Ł Istel
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Jangsantear
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - M Jeppson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - N C Karun
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - A Karich
- TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - P Khamsuntorn
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - K Kokkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF), Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R Labuda
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health; Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria, and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - A C Lagashetti
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - N Lifshitz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - J J Luangsa-Ard
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Lueangjaroenkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Mahadevakumar
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; Present Address: Forest Pathology Department, Division of Forest Protection, KSCSTE - Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680653, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - A E Mahamedi
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92 16308 Vieux-Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - D W Malloch
- New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Ave., Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2K 1E5
| | - S Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Mateos
- Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain
| | - P-A Moreau
- ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Faculté de pharmacie, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A N Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - A Molia
- Alette Iversens gate 5, N-3970 Langesund, Norway
| | - A Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Nebesářová
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - E Nigrone
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - B R Nuthan
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | - A L Pepori
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - T Rämä
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Rapley
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Reschke
- Mycology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B M Robicheau
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - F Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - J Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Saavedra
- Asociación "Andoa" de Cambre y componente del "Colectivo Micolóxico Coruñés" de A Coruña, Spain
| | - B Sakolrak
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Santini
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - H Ševčíková
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P N Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S K Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S Somrithipol
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - M Spetik
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - K R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - M Starink-Willemse
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V A Taylor
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - A L van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Vauras
- Biological Collections of Åbo Akademi University, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - A K Walker
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - B D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - O Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - A W Cooke
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - A G Manners
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K G Pegg
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tatari N, Zhang X, Chafe SC, McKenna D, Lawson KA, Subapanditha M, Shaikh MV, Seyfrid M, Savage N, Venugopal C, Moffat J, Singh SK. Dual Antigen T Cell Engagers Targeting CA9 as an Effective Immunotherapeutic Modality for Targeting CA9 in Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905768. [PMID: 35874663 PMCID: PMC9296860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM), the most common malignant primary adult brain tumors, are uniformly lethal and are in need of improved therapeutic modalities. GBM contain extensive regions of hypoxia and are enriched in therapy resistant brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs). Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a hypoxia-induced cell surface enzyme that plays an important role in maintenance of stem cell survival and therapeutic resistance. Here we demonstrate that CA9 is highly expressed in patient-derived BTICs. CA9+ GBM BTICs showed increased self-renewal and proliferative capacity. To target CA9, we developed dual antigen T cell engagers (DATEs) that were exquisitely specific for CA9-positive patient-derived clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and GBM cells. Combined treatment of either ccRCC or GBM cells with the CA9 DATE and T cells resulted in T cell activation, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced cytotoxicity in a CA9-dependent manner. Treatment of ccRCC and GBM patient-derived xenografts markedly reduced tumor burden and extended survival. These data suggest that the CA9 DATE could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with solid tumors expressing CA9 to overcome treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn C. Chafe
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Keith A. Lawson
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minomi Subapanditha
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Vaseem Shaikh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Seyfrid
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sheila K. Singh,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chokshi CR, Brown K, Venugopal C, Moffat J, Singh SK. Abstract 60: Functional mapping reveals widespread remodelling and unrecognized pathway dependencies in recurrent glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly fatal brain cancer. The underlying functional drivers of treatment resistance and disease recurrence are unclear. By applying a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 library to patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell models, we systematically map genetic dependencies in patient-matched pre-treatment primary and post-treatment recurrent tumor cells. These insights reveal a large-scale remodelling of genetic dependency profiles at disease recurrence, arming recurrent tumor cells with newly-acquired genetic drivers and further loss of tumor suppressors. These analyses support parallel tumor-intrinsic mechanisms of treatment resistance which rely on acquisition of immunosuppressive capacity, including a defective mismatch repair pathway, ablation of PTEN activity, and a novel combination of de novo mutations in SWI/SNF components. We map a multilayered genetic and functional response to drive tumor recurrence, identifying protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 (PTP4A2) as a novel driver of self-renewal, proliferation and tumorigenicity at glioblastoma recurrence. Mechanistically, genetic perturbation and a small molecule inhibitor of PTP4A2 results in greater survival and reduced tumor growth in patient-derived models of recurrent glioblastoma.
Citation Format: Chirayu R. Chokshi, Kevin Brown, Chitra Venugopal, Jason Moffat, Sheila K. Singh. Functional mapping reveals widespread remodelling and unrecognized pathway dependencies in recurrent glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Brown
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jason Moffat
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huynh V, Tatari N, Marple A, Savage N, McKenna D, Venugopal C, Singh SK, Wylie R. Real-time evaluation of a hydrogel delivery vehicle for cancer immunotherapeutics within embedded spheroid cultures. J Control Release 2022; 348:386-396. [PMID: 35644288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many protein immunotherapeutics are hindered by transport barriers that prevent the obtainment of minimum effective concentrations (MECs) in solid tumors. Local delivery vehicles with tunable release (infusion) rates for immunotherapeutics are being developed to achieve local and sustained release. To expedite their discovery and translation, in vitro models can identify promising delivery vehicles and immunotherapies that benefit from sustained release by evaluating cancer spheroid killing in real-time. Using displacement affinity release (DAR) within a hydrogel, we tuned the release of a CD133 targeting dual antigen T cell engager (DATE) without the need for further DATE or hydrogel modifications, yielding an injectable vehicle that acts as a tunable infusion pump. To quantify bioactivity benefits, a 3D embedded cancer spheroid model was developed for the evaluation of sustained protein release and combination therapies on T cell mediated spheroid killing. Using automated brightfield and fluorescent microscopy, the size of red fluorescent protein (iRFP670) expressing spheroids were tracked to quantify spheroid growth or killing over time as a function of controlled delivery. We demonstrate that sustained DATE release enhanced T cell mediated killing of embedded glioblastoma spheroids at longer timepoints, killing was further enhanced with the addition of anti-PD1 antibody (αPD1). The multi-cellular embedded spheroid model with automated microscopy demonstrated the benefit of extended bispecific release on T cell mediated killing, which will expedite the identification and translation of delivery vehicles such as DAR for immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - April Marple
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Ryan Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Singh SK, Husain T, Suhel M, Prasad SM, Singh VP. Hydrogen sulphide ameliorates hexavalent chromium toxicity in two cereal crops: Role of antioxidant enzymes and proline metabolism. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:636-641. [PMID: 35384231 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromium pollution in soils is a major threat as it reduces crop yields. Hence, researchers seek methods/strategies which could curtail such losses. We report the role of H2 S in alleviating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in two cereals crops, i.e. wheat and rice seedlings, by estimating various physiological attributes. Cr(VI) reduced shoot and root length in both cereals through increased accumulation of Cr(VI) in root tips and increased in oxidative stress markers, i.e. superoxide radicals (SOR), H2 O2 and lipid peroxidation (as MDA equivalent). Supplementation with H2 S alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity in both cereal crops. Application of H2 S increased tolerance to Cr(VI) stress by protecting photosynthesis and enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione-S-transferase and content of proline. Rice was more resistant to Cr(VI) than wheat seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - T Husain
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - M Suhel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - S M Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - V P Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh D, Thapa S, Mahawar H, Kumar D, Geat N, Singh SK. Prospecting potential of endophytes for modulation of biosynthesis of therapeutic bioactive secondary metabolites and plant growth promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:699-730. [PMID: 35460457 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants possess pharmacological properties (antidiabetes, anticancer, antihypertension, anticardiovascular, antileprosy, etc.) because of their potential to synthesize a wide range of therapeutic bioactive secondary metabolites. The concentration of bioactive secondry metabolites depends on plant species, local environment, soil type and internal microbiome. The internal microbiome of medicinal plants plays the crucial role in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, peptides, polyketones, flavonoids, quinols and phenols. In this review, the host specific secondry metabolites produced by endophytes, their therapeutic properties and host-endophytes interaction in relation to production of bioactive secondry metaboloites and the role of endophytes in enhancing the production of bioactive secondry metabolites is discussed. How biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, micronutrient uptake, phytohormone production, disease suppression, etc. can play a vital role in enhacing the plant growth and development.The role of endophytes in enhancing the plant growth and content of bioactive secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants in a sustainable mode is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Singh
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342003, India.
| | - Shobit Thapa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Himanshu Mahawar
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research (DWR), Maharajpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482004, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- ICAR- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Neelam Geat
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342304, India
| | - S K Singh
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342003, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gonzales AA, Mastrolonardo A, Winget K, Ragulojan M, Fleming AJ, Singh SK. The Role of a Longitudinal, Multidisciplinary Clinic in Building a Unique Research Collaborative. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857699. [PMID: 35463317 PMCID: PMC9024049 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary neuro-oncology clinics allow collaboration between various specialties and training levels. Building a tenable clinical research program based in the longitudinal dialogue and practice of collaborative clinicians and trainees can bridge clinical observations to research execution. However, forming a research team around a multidisciplinary clinic’s activities is constrained by a lack of literature or guidelines. As well, challenges in sustaining team logistics, communication, and productivity can persist without a standardized team framework. This perspective discusses the state of research teams in clinical oncology, and uses experiences from the McMaster Pediatric Brain Tumour Study Group to guide those seeking to form a research team based on the collective activities and observations of a multidisciplinary clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria A. Gonzales
- Pediatric Brain Tumour Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Alexandria A. Gonzales,
| | - Alexander Mastrolonardo
- Pediatric Brain Tumour Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kenna Winget
- Pediatric Brain Tumour Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Malavan Ragulojan
- Pediatric Brain Tumour Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J. Fleming
- Pediatric Brain Tumour Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Pediatric Brain Tumour Study Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Burns I, Gwynne WD, Suk Y, Custers S, Chaudhry I, Venugopal C, Singh SK. The Road to CAR T-Cell Therapies for Pediatric CNS Tumors: Obstacles and New Avenues. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815726. [PMID: 35155252 PMCID: PMC8829546 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors diagnosed in children and are the leading cause of pediatric cancer-related death. Those who do survive are faced with the long-term adverse effects of the current standard of care treatments of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. There is a pressing need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat pediatric CNS tumors more effectively while reducing toxicity - one of these novel modalities is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Currently approved for use in several hematological malignancies, there are promising pre-clinical and early clinical data that suggest CAR-T cells could transform the treatment of pediatric CNS tumors. There are, however, several challenges that must be overcome to develop safe and effective CAR T-cell therapies for CNS tumors. Herein, we detail these challenges, focusing on those unique to pediatric patients including antigen selection, tumor immunogenicity and toxicity. We also discuss our perspective on future avenues for CAR T-cell therapies and potential combinatorial treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Burns
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Custers
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Iqra Chaudhry
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nawar N, Bukhari S, Adile AA, Suk Y, Manaswiyoungkul P, Toutah K, Olaoye OO, Raouf YS, Sedighi A, Garcha HK, Hassan MM, Gwynne W, Israelian J, Radu TB, Geletu M, Abdeldayem A, Gawel JM, Cabral AD, Venugopal C, de Araujo ED, Singh SK, Gunning PT. Discovery of HDAC6-Selective Inhibitor NN-390 with in Vitro Efficacy in Group 3 Medulloblastoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3193-3217. [PMID: 35119267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been targeted in clinical studies for anticancer effects due to its role in oncogenic transformation and metastasis. Through a second-generation structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, the design, and biological evaluation of the selective HDAC6 inhibitor NN-390 is reported. With nanomolar HDAC6 potency, >200-550-fold selectivity for HDAC6 in analogous HDAC isoform functional assays, potent intracellular target engagement, and robust cellular efficacy in cancer cell lines, NN-390 is the first HDAC6-selective inhibitor to show therapeutic potential in metastatic Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB), an aggressive pediatric brain tumor often associated with leptomeningeal metastases and therapy resistance. MB stem cells contribute to these patients' poor clinical outcomes. NN-390 selectively targets this cell population with a 44.3-fold therapeutic margin between patient-derived Group 3 MB cells in comparison to healthy neural stem cells. NN-390 demonstrated a 45-fold increased potency over HDAC6-selective clinical candidate citarinostat. In summary, HDAC6-selective molecules demonstrated in vitro therapeutic potential against Group 3 MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Nawar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ashley A Adile
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Krimo Toutah
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yasir S Raouf
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Harsimran Kaur Garcha
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Muhammad Murtaza Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - William Gwynne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tudor B Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mulu Geletu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Justyna M Gawel
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Aaron D Cabral
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|