1
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Welsh A, Matshitse R, Khan SF, Nyokong T, Prince S, Smith GS. Trinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: Evaluation as photosensitizers for enhanced cervical cancer treatment. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112545. [PMID: 38581803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Trinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes anchored to benzimidazole-triazine / trisamine scaffolds were investigated as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. The trinuclear complexes were noted to produce a significant amount of singlet oxygen in both DMF and aqueous media, are photostable and show appreciable emission quantum yields (ɸem). In our experimental setting, despite the moderate phototoxic activity in the HeLa cervical cancer cell line, the phototoxic indices (PI) of the trinuclear complexes are superior relative to the PIs of a clinically approved photosensitizer, Photofrin®, and the pro-drug 5-aminolevulinic acid (PI: >7 relative to PI: >1 and PI: 4.4 for 5-aminolevulinic acid and Photofrin®, respectively). Furthermore, the ruthenium complexes were noted to show appreciable long-term cytotoxicity upon light irradiation in HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, this long-term activity of the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes embodies their ability to reduce the probability of the recurrence of cervical cancer. Taken together, this presents a strong motivation for the development of polymetallic complexes as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, ,South Africa
| | - Refilwe Matshitse
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Saif F Khan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, ,South Africa.
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2
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Wang X, Ding Q, Groleau RR, Wu L, Mao Y, Che F, Kotova O, Scanlan EM, Lewis SE, Li P, Tang B, James TD, Gunnlaugsson T. Fluorescent Probes for Disease Diagnosis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38760012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The identification and detection of disease-related biomarkers is essential for early clinical diagnosis, evaluating disease progression, and for the development of therapeutics. Possessing the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescent probes have become effective tools for monitoring disease-related active molecules at the cellular level and in vivo. In this review, we describe current fluorescent probes designed for the detection and quantification of key bioactive molecules associated with common diseases, such as organ damage, inflammation, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and brain disorders. We emphasize the strategies behind the design of fluorescent probes capable of disease biomarker detection and diagnosis and cover some aspects of combined diagnostic/therapeutic strategies based on regulating disease-related molecules. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges and outlook for fluorescent probes, highlighting future avenues of research that should enable these probes to achieve accurate detection and identification of disease-related biomarkers for biomedical research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Robin R Groleau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Yuantao Mao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feida Che
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Oxana Kotova
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 W9K7, Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
- Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Middle Road, Aoshanwei Jimo, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 W9K7, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 , Ireland
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3
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Aderinto SO, John T, Onawole A, Galleh RP, Thomas JA. Iridium(III)-based minor groove binding complexes as DNA photocleavage agents. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7282-7291. [PMID: 38466178 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes containing the qtpy ligand (2':4,4'':4',4'''-quaterpyridyl) are known to be DNA intercalators or minor groove binders. In this study, new tricationic iridium(III) complexes of qtpy are reported. Both [Ir(bpy)2(qtpy)]3+1 and [Ir(phen)2(qtpy)]3+2 display good water solubility as chloride salts. The complexes possess high-energy excited states, which are quenched in the presence of duplex DNA and even by the mononucleotides guanosine monophosphate and adenosine monophosphate. Further studies reveal that although the complexes bind to quadruplex DNA, they display a preference for duplex structures, which are bound with an order of magnitude higher affinities than their isostructural dicationic RuII-analogues. Detailed molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the complexes are groove binders through the insertion of, predominantly, the qtpy ligand into the minor groove. Photoirradiation of 1 in the presence of plasmid DNA confirms that this class of complexes can function as synthetic photonucleases by cleaving DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Aderinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abdulmujeeb Onawole
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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4
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Xu X, Marlton SJP, Flint KL, Hudson RJ, Keene FR, Hall CR, Smith TA. Photophysical Studies of Helicate and Mesocate Double-Stranded Dinuclear Ru(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38640443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The metal-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) and phosphorescence-quenching metal-centered (3MC) states of the helicate and mesocate diastereoisomers of a double-stranded dinuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complex have been investigated using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. At 294 K, transient signals of the helicate decayed significantly slower than those of the mesocate, whereas at 77 K, no clear contrast in kinetics was observed. Contributions to excited-state decay from high-lying 3MLCT states were identified at both temperatures. Spectroscopic data (294 K) suggest that the 3MC state of the helicate lies above the 3MLCT and that the reverse is true for the mesocate; this was further validated by density functional theory calculations. The stabilization of the 3MC state relative to the 3MLCT state in the mesocate was explained by a reduction in ligand field strength due to distortion near the ligand bridge, which causes further deviation from octahedral geometry compared to the helicate. This work illustrates how minor structural differences can significantly influence excited state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel J P Marlton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate L Flint
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Rohan J Hudson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - F Richard Keene
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher R Hall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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5
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Dao A, Chen S, Pan L, Ren Q, Wang X, Wu H, Gong Q, Chen Z, Ji S, Ru J, Zhu H, Liang C, Zhang P, Xia H, Huang H. A 700 nm LED Light Activated Ru(II) Complex Destroys Tumor Cytoskeleton via Photosensitization and Photocatalysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400956. [PMID: 38635863 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Photoactivable chemotherapy (PACT) using metallic complexes provides spatiotemporal selectivity over drug activation for targeted anticancer therapy. However, the poor absorption in near-infrared (NIR) light region of most metallic complexes renders tissue penetration challenging. Herein, an NIR light triggered dinuclear photoactivable Ru(II) complex (Ru2) is presented and the antitumor mechanism is comprehensively investigated. The introduction of a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) linker greatly enhances the intramolecular charge transition, resulting in a high molar extinction coefficient in the NIR region with an extended triplet excited state lifetime. Most importantly, when activated by 700 nm NIR light, Ru2 exhibits unique slow photodissociation kinetics that facilitates synergistic photosensitization and photocatalytic activity to destroy diverse intracellular biomolecules. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that when activated by 700 nm NIR light, Ru2 exhibits nanomolar photocytotoxicity toward 4T1 cancer cells via the induction of calcium overload and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings provide a robust foundation for the development of NIR-activated Ru(II) PACT complexes for phototherapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Dao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Qingyan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Haorui Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Qiufang Gong
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeduan Chen
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaxi Ru
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - HaoTu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
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6
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Bright SA, Erby M, Poynton FE, Monteyne D, Pérez-Morga D, Gunnlaugsson T, Williams DC, Elmes RBP. Tracking the cellular uptake and phototoxicity of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base conjugates. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:344-359. [PMID: 38576718 PMCID: PMC10989513 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii) complexes are attracting significant research attention as a promising class of photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Having previously reported the synthesis of two novel Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base compounds 1 and 2 with interesting photophysical properties, where the emission from either the Ru(ii) polypyridyl centres or the naphthalimide moieties could be used to monitor binding to nucleic acids, we sought to use these compounds to investigate further and in more detail their biological profiling, which included unravelling their mechanism of cellular uptake, cellular trafficking and cellular responses to photoexcitation. Here we demonstrate that these compounds undergo rapid time dependent uptake in HeLa cells that involved energy dependent, caveolae and lipid raft-dependent mediated endocytosis, as demonstrated by confocal imaging, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Following endocytosis, both compounds were shown to localise to mostly lysosomal and Golgi apparatus compartments with some accumulation in mitochondria but no localisation was found to the nucleus. Upon photoactivation, the compounds increased ROS production and induced ROS-dependent apoptotic cell death. The photo-activated compounds subsequently induced DNA damage and altered tubulin, but not actin structures, which was likely to be an indirect effect of ROS production and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, by changing the concentration of the compounds or the laser used to illuminate the cells, the mechanism of cell death could be changed from apoptosis to necrosis. This is the first detailed biological study of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl Tröger's bases and clearly suggests caveolae-dependent endocytosis is responsible for cell uptake - this may also explain the lack of nuclear uptake for these compounds and similar results observed for other Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes. These conjugates are potential candidates for further development as PDT agents and may also be useful in mechanistic studies on cell uptake and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - MariaLuisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging CMMI Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
| | - D Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland +353 1708 4615
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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7
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Lu Y, Zhu D, Hu B, Chen R, Wang X, Xu X, Wang W, Wu H, Wang Y. pH-Responsive, Self-Assembled Ruthenium Nanodrug: Dual Impact on Lysosomes and DNA for Synergistic Chemotherapy and Immunogenic Cell Death. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310636. [PMID: 38412413 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Several DNA-damaging antitumor agents, including ruthenium complexes, induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). In this study, an arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide-modified carboline ruthenium complex (KS-Ru) is synthesized as a chemotherapeutic nanodrug and an ICD inducer. The RGD peptide, an integrin ligand, provides tumor-specific targeting and promotes self-assembly of the KS-Ru complex. The pH-responsive self-assembly is assessed through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxic activity and anti-metastasis ability are evaluated using MTT and Transwell assays, respectively, along with cellular immunofluorescence staining and imaging flow cytometry. The ability of the complex to inhibit primary tumor formation and lung metastasis in vivo is evaluated using Lewis lung cancer and A549 xenograft models. Furthermore, the tumor immune microenvironment is evaluated using single-cell flow mass cytometry. KS-Ru translocates to the nucleus, causing DNA damage and inducing ICD. Within the lysosomes, KS-Ru self-assembled into nanoflowers, leading to lysosomal swelling and apoptosis. Notably, the as-synthesized pH-dependent ruthenium nanomedicine achieves dual functionality-chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Moreover, the pH-responsive self-assembly of KS-Ru enables simultaneous mechanisms in the lysosome and nucleus, thereby lowering the likelihood of drug resistance. This study provides valuable insight for the design of novel ruthenium-based nanoantitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
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8
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Gillard M, Troian-Gautier L, Decottignies A, Elias B. pH-Activatable Ruthenium(II) Fluorescein Salphen Schiff Base Photosensitizers for Theranostic Applications. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2549-2558. [PMID: 38345026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes exhibit a lack of selectivity toward cancer tissues despite extensive studies as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, we report pH-activatable RuII photosensitizers for molecularly targeted PDT by exploiting the higher acidity of tumoral tissue. The fluorescein moiety, well known for its high pH sensitivity, was connected to a RuII center to yield novel photosensitizers for pH-sensitive 1O2 photogeneration. Their ability to photosensitize molecular dioxygen was studied at various pHs and revealed a drastic enhancement from 0.07 to 0.66 of the 1O2 quantum yield under acidic conditions (pH 7.5 to pH 5.5). Their photocytotoxicity against U2OS osteosarcoma cells was also investigated at pH 5.5 and 7.5 through IC50 determination. A strong enhancement of the photocytotoxicity reaching 930 nM was observed at pH 5.5, which showed the potential of such photosensitizers for pH-activatable PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gillard
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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9
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Grcic L, Leech G, Kwan K, Storr T. Targeting misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide and mutant p53 protein using multifunctional molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1372-1388. [PMID: 38204416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecule misfolding and aggregation play a major role in human disease, spanning from neurodegeneration to cancer. Inhibition of these processes is of considerable interest, and due to the multifactorial nature of these diseases, the development of drugs that act on multiple pathways simultaneously is a promising approach. This Feature Article focuses on the development of multifunctional molecules designed to inhibit the misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the mutant p53 protein in cancer. While for the former, the goal is to accelerate the removal of the Aβ peptide and associated aggregates, for the latter, the goal is reactivation via stabilization of the active folded form of mutant p53 protein and/or aggregation inhibition. Due to the similar aggregation pathway of the Aβ peptide and mutant p53 protein, a common therapeutic approach may be applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Grcic
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Grace Leech
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Kalvin Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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10
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Saha A, Mondal I, Kumari A, Sonkar AK, Mishra R, Kulshreshtha R, Patra AK. Hyphenation of lipophilic ruthenium(II)-diphosphine core with 5-fluorouracil: an effective metallodrug against glioblastoma brain cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1551-1567. [PMID: 38164612 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common highly aggressive malignant brain tumor, with a very limited chance for survival post-diagnosis and post-treatment. Despite significant advancement in GBM genomics implicated in molecularly targeted chemotherapies, the prognosis remains poor and requires new drug discovery approaches. We used fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite anticancer drug conjugated or 'caged' within a lipophilic Ru(II)-diphosphine (dppe) core formulated as [RuII(dppe)2(5-FU)]PF6 (Ru-DPPE-5FU), where dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, and evaluated its in vitro cytotoxicity in depth with aggressive GBM cells (LN229). The hydrophilic nature of 5-FU limits its passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents its effective accumulation and efficacy for GBM tumors. Herein, we attempted to modulate the lipophilicity of 5-FU by inserting it within a well-designed lipophilic {Ru(dppe)2}-core with anticipated higher efficiency towards GBM. The physicochemical properties of [RuII(dppe)2(5-FU)]PF6 (Ru-DPPE-5FU) were studied using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The molecular structure was determined using X-ray crystallography, showing a distorted {RuP4NO} octahedral geometry with bidentate (N, O) binding of 5-FU and its aromatization in the Ru(II)-bound form. The 31P-NMR spectra of Ru-DPPE-5FU showed four closely spaced distinct 31P-signals, indicating four unique chemical environments around P, and the strong coupling constants between them make it a second-order spectrum. The RuII/RuIII redox potential in Ru-DPPE-5FU shifted by ∼0.91 V towards the anodic region as compared to its precursor complex cis-[Ru(dppe)2Cl2] (Ru-DPPE-Cl). DFT-based theoretical calculations have been performed to correlate the experimental electronic absorption spectra and redox behaviours of the complexes. The electrostatic potential (ESP) plots indicate the delocalization of the charge density on the O-/F-atom from the 5-FU ligand towards Ru(II) upon its complexation. The antioxidant properties of all the compounds were quantified by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The hyphenation of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ligand to the lipophilic {Ru(dppe)2}-core endowed lipophilicity to Ru-DPPE-5FU with higher in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50 = 2.37 μM) against the LN229 GBM cells as compared to the hydrophilic 5-FU, suggesting efficient cellular uptake. Further biological assays indicated that the complex is highly potent in inhibiting significant proliferation and spheroid formation and restricting the migratory potentials of the GBM cells. Increased caspase 3/7 activity and the presence of apoptotic bodies at the center of 3-D GBM spheroids as revealed by AO/EB dual staining indicated a deeper penetration of the lipophilic complex. The Ru-DPPE-5FU complex displayed lower cytotoxicity in HaCaT normal cells (IC50 = 7.27 μM) in comparison to LN229 cancer cells with a selectivity index (S.I.) of ≥3. Overall, the synergism and caging of 5-FU within the hydrophobic {Ru(dppe)2}-core improves the pharmacokinetic profile of Ru-DPPE-5FU as a potent anticancer agent for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anuj Kumari
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramranjan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashis K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Ramachandran M, Anandababu A, Al Souwaileh A, Anandan S. Selective turn-on sensing of adenosine diphosphate and phosphate anions by ruthenium (II) polypyridine anchored p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene platform. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123483. [PMID: 37804708 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleoside polyphosphate (NPP) anions are important for enzymatic activity and should be monitored by scientists in industry and medicine. By elucidating enzyme kinetics and processes, it aids in the discovery of effective inhibitors and activators. Nucleoside polyphosphate (NPP) anions are used by kinases, GTPases, and glycosyltransferases (GTs). Phosphorylation of certain amino acid residues (Ser, Thr, and Tyr) on proteins requires the breakdown of ATP by protein kinases, which produces ADP. Protein kinases, breakdown of ATP, and NPP are the focus of oncology drug development because the aberrant control of kinase activity is a common cause of cancer. RESULTS However, a discriminative turn-on fluorescent property is exhibited by non-fluorescent p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene modified 1,2,3-triazole containing bis-ruthenium polypyridyl complex (RL) upon the addition of phosphate anions such as (dihydrogen pyrophosphate (H2P2O72-) and dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-)) in CH3CN solvent and Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) in CH3CN/HEPES (pH = 7.4) buffer (9/1, v/v). The probe RL shows a better-recognizing ability with pyrophosphate anion (H2P2O72-) than dihydrogen phosphate anion (H2PO4-). With H2P2O72- and H2PO4- anions, the RL detection limit was calculated to be as low as 83 nM and 198 nM, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The calix[4]arene macrocycle's excellent size and binding cone conformation make it a good host-guest interface for the pyrophosphate anion and ADP. The bis-ruthenium polypyridyl complex's connection to the p-tertbutyl calix[4]arene moiety creates the ADP selectivity turn-on sensor. When moving from mono-nuclear to bi-nuclear ruthenium complex anchored on p-tertbutyl calix[4]arene, the probe can differentiate ADP, ATP, and AMP. Furthermore, this platform is a great resource for creating devices to simultaneously assess phosphate anions in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Ambigapathi Anandababu
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Abdullah Al Souwaileh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
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12
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Kostova I. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents based on Bioactive Endogenous and Exogenous Coordination Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:358-386. [PMID: 36944628 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230321110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based coordination compounds have very special place in bioinorganic chemistry because of their different structural arrangements and significant application in medicine. Rapid progress in this field increasingly enables the targeted design and synthesis of metal-based pharmaceutical agents that fulfill valuable roles as diagnostic or therapeutic agents. Various coordination compounds have important biological functions, both those initially present in the body (endogenous) and those entering the organisms from the external environment (exogenous): vitamins, drugs, toxic substances, etc. In the therapeutic and diagnostic practice, both the essential for all living organisms and the trace metals are used in metal-containing coordination compounds. In the current review, the most important functional biologically active compounds were classified group by group according to the position of the elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav St., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
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13
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Imberti C, Lok J, Coverdale JPC, Carter OWL, Fry ME, Postings ML, Kim J, Firth G, Blower PJ, Sadler PJ. Radiometal-Labeled Photoactivatable Pt(IV) Anticancer Complex for Theranostic Phototherapy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20745-20753. [PMID: 37643591 PMCID: PMC10731635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel photoactivatable Pt(IV) diazido anticancer agent, Pt-succ-DFO, bearing a pendant deferoxamine (DFO) siderophore for radiometal chelation, has been synthesized for the study of its in vivo behavior with radionuclide imaging. Pt-succ-DFO complexation of Fe(III) and Ga(III) ions yielded new heterobimetallic complexes that maintain the photoactivation properties and photocytotoxicity of the parent Pt complex in human cancer cell lines. Radiolabeled Pt-succ-DFO-68Ga (t1/2 = 68 min, positron emitter) was readily prepared under mild conditions and was stable in the dark upon incubation with human serum. PET imaging of Pt-succ-DFO-68Ga in healthy mice revealed a promising biodistribution profile with rapid renal excretion and limited organ accumulation, implying that little off-target uptake is expected for this class of agents. Overall, this research provides the first in vivo imaging study of the whole-body distribution of a photoactivatable Pt(IV) azido anticancer complex and illustrates the potential of radionuclide imaging as a tool for the preclinical development of novel light-activated agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Jamie Lok
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - James P. C. Coverdale
- School
of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | | | - Millie E. Fry
- School
of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Miles L. Postings
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Jana Kim
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - George Firth
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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14
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Labra-Vázquez P, Rocha E, Xiao Y, Tassé M, Duhayon C, Farfán N, Santillan R, Gibot L, Lacroix PG, Malfant I. A Trojan horse approach for enhancing the cellular uptake of a ruthenium nitrosyl complex. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:18177-18193. [PMID: 37997689 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium nitrosyl (RuNO) complexes continue to attract significant research interest due to several appealing features that make these photoactivatable nitric oxide (NO˙) donors attractive for applications in photoactivated chemotherapy. Interesting examples of molecular candidates capable of delivering cytotoxic concentrations of NO˙ in aqueous media have been discussed. Nevertheless, the question of whether most of these highly polar and relatively large molecules are efficiently incorporated by cells remains largely unanswered. In this paper, we present the synthesis and the chemical, photophysical and photochemical characterization of RuNO complexes functionalized with 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE), a semisynthetic steroidal hormone intended to act as a molecular Trojan horse for the targeted delivery of RuNO complexes. The discussion is centered around two main molecular targets, one containing EE (EE-Phtpy-RuNO) and a reference compound lacking this biological recognition fragment (Phtpy-RuNO). While both complexes displayed similar optical absorption profiles and NO˙ release efficiencies in aqueous media, important differences were found regarding their cellular uptake towards dermal fibroblasts, with EE-Phtpy-RuNO gratifyingly displaying a remarkable 10-fold increase in cellular uptake when compared to Phtpy-RuNO, thus demonstrating the potential drug-targeting capabilities of this biomimetic steroidal conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Labra-Vázquez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erika Rocha
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yue Xiao
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marine Tassé
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Carine Duhayon
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire Softmat, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse, III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Pascal G Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Isabelle Malfant
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
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15
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Knighton RC, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Polycationic Ru(II) Luminophores: Syntheses, Photophysics, and Application in Electrostatically Driven Sensitization of Lanthanide Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19446-19456. [PMID: 37984058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of photoluminescent Ru(II) polypyridine complexes have been synthesized in a manner that varies the extent of the cationic charge. Two ligand systems (L1 and L2), based upon 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) mono- or difunctionalized at the 5- or 5,5'-positions using N-methylimidazolium groups, were utilized. The resulting Ru(II) species therefore carried +3, +4, +6, and +8 complex moieties based on a [Ru(bipy)3]2+ core. Tetra-cationic [Ru(bipy)2(L2)][PF6]4 was characterized using XRD, revealing H-bonding interactions between two of the counteranions and the cationic unit. The ground-state features of the complexes were found to closely resemble those of the parent unfunctionalized [Ru(bipy)3]2+ complex. In contrast, the excited state properties produce a variation in emission maxima, including a bathochromic 44 nm shift of the 3MLCT band for the tetra-cationic complex; interestingly, further increases in overall charge to +6 and +8 produced a hypsochromic shift in the 3MLCT band. Supporting DFT calculations suggest that the trend in emission behavior may, in part, be due to the precise nature of the LUMO and its localization. The utility of a photoactive polycationic Ru(II) complex was then demonstrated through the sensitization of a polyanionic Yb(III) complex in free solution. The study shows that electrostatically driven ion pairing is sufficient to facilitate energy transfer between the 3MLCT donor state of the Ru(II) complex and the accepting 2F5/2 excited state of Yb(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Joseph M Beames
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, England
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
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16
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Patra SA, Sahu G, Das S, Dinda R. Recent Advances in Mitochondria-Localized Luminescent Ruthenium(II) Metallodrugs as Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300397. [PMID: 37772783 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Presently, the most effective way to transport drugs specifically to mitochondria inside the cells is of pharmacophoric interest, as mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer diagnosis. To date, there are many reviews covering the photophysical, photochemical, and anticancer properties of ruthenium(II) based metallodrugs owing to their high interest in biological applications. There are, however, no reviews specifically covering the mitochondria-localized luminescent Ru(II) complexes and their subsequent mitochondria-mediated anticancer activities. Therefore, this review describes the physicochemical basis for the mitochondrial accumulation of ruthenium complexes, their synthetic strategies to localize and monitor the mitochondria in living cells, and their related underlying anticancer results. Finally, we review the related areas from previous works describing the mitochondria-localized ruthenium complexes for the treatment of cancer-related diseases. Along with this, we also deliberate the perspectives and future directions for emerging more bifunctional Ru(II) complexes that can target, image, and kill tumors more efficiently in comparison with the existing mitochondria-targeted cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sanchita Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
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17
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Ahmed M, Gupta MK, Ansari A. DFT and TDDFT exploration on the role of pyridyl ligands with copper toward bonding aspects and light harvesting. J Mol Model 2023; 29:358. [PMID: 37919553 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Schiff base-containing metal complexes have been the subject of extensive research. In this work, a coordination polymer-derived complex called [Cu(L)] that is solution-stable (L = 2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene-amino)phenol) has been explored theoretically with five different pyridyl-based ligands using DFT/TDDFT in order to understand the structural-functional and electronic transitions of these five complexes. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis was carried out to assess the reactivity behavior of all five complexes. For the purpose of studying the charge energy distribution over complexes, electrostatic potential maps were also drawn. Furthermore, in order to identify any stabilizing interactions that may be present in the given complexes, an NBO analysis was studied. To learn more about any potential correlations between the properties of these five complexes, a comparative analysis was explored. Our calculations demonstrate that complex 3 having pyridine-4-carboxamide as a ligand has a lower energy gap and a higher negative electrostatic potential which may indicate its higher reactivity and this may be due to the electron withdrawing group (carboxamide). TDDFT results show that the highest light harvesting efficiency (LHE) of all the studied complexes is found in the range of 440-448 nm. Complexes 1, 2, and 4 show the higher light harvesting efficiency as compared to complexes 3 and 5. Our findings are in good accordance with the available experimental data. METHODS All DFT computations were performed using the Gaussian16 with unrestricted B3LYP-D2 functional with the basis sets 6-31G(d,p) for O, N, C, and H while LanL2DZ for Cu. The polarized continuum model (PCM) was used for the solvation. The software GaussView6.1 was utilized for the modeling of initial geometries and the plotting of MEP maps. The NBO6.0 program which is incorporated in Gaussian16 was utilized to investigate the bonding nature and stabilization energies of the complexes. The ORCA program was used to simulate the absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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18
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Maeda A, Tokumoto JY, Kojima S, Fujimori K, Moriuchi-Kawakami T, Hirahara M. Binding of Stimuli-Responsive Ruthenium Aqua Complexes with 9-Ethylguanine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37391-37401. [PMID: 37841177 PMCID: PMC10569010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive ruthenium complexes proximal- and distal-[Ru(C10tpy)(C10pyqu) OH2]2+ (proximal-1 and distal-1; C10tpy = 4'-decyloxy-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine and C10pyqu = 2-[2'-(6'-decyloxy)-pyridyl]quinoline) were experimentally studied for adduct formation with a model DNA base. At 303 K, proximal-1 exhibited 1:1 adduct formation with 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) to yield proximal-[Ru(C10tpy)(C10pyqu)(9-EtG)]2+ (proximal-RuEtG). Rotation of the guanine ligand on the ruthenium center was sterically hindered by the presence of an adjacent quinoline moiety at 303 K. Results from 1H NMR measurements indicated that photoirradiation of a proximal-RuEtG solution caused photoisomerization to distal-RuEtG, whereas heating of proximal-RuEtG caused ligand substitution to proximal-1. The distal isomer of the aqua complex, distal-1, was observed to slowly revert to proximal-1 at 303 K. In the presence of 9-EtG, distal-1 underwent thermal back-isomerization to proximal-1 and adduct formation to distal-RuEtG. Kinetic analysis of 1H NMR measurements showed that adduct formation between proximal-1 and 9-EtG was 8-fold faster than that between distal-1 and 9-EtG. This difference may be attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and steric repulsion between the aqua ligand and the pendant moiety of the bidentate ligand..
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Jun-ya Tokumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Takayo Moriuchi-Kawakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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19
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Zhang L, Wang P, Zhou XQ, Bretin L, Zeng X, Husiev Y, Polanco EA, Zhao G, Wijaya LS, Biver T, Le Dévédec SE, Sun W, Bonnet S. Cyclic Ruthenium-Peptide Conjugates as Integrin-Targeting Phototherapeutic Prodrugs for the Treatment of Brain Tumors. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37379365 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential of tumor-targeting photoactivated chemotherapy, a chiral ruthenium-based anticancer warhead, Λ/Δ-[Ru(Ph2phen)2(OH2)2]2+, was conjugated to the RGD-containing Ac-MRGDH-NH2 peptide by direct coordination of the M and H residues to the metal. This design afforded two diastereoisomers of a cyclic metallopeptide, Λ-[1]Cl2 and Δ-[1]Cl2. In the dark, the ruthenium-chelating peptide had a triple action. First, it prevented other biomolecules from coordinating with the metal center. Second, its hydrophilicity made [1]Cl2 amphiphilic so that it self-assembled in culture medium into nanoparticles. Third, it acted as a tumor-targeting motif by strongly binding to the integrin (Kd = 0.061 μM for the binding of Λ-[1]Cl2 to αIIbβ3), which resulted in the receptor-mediated uptake of the conjugate in vitro. Phototoxicity studies in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers of A549, U87MG, and PC-3 human cancer cell lines and U87MG three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids showed that the two isomers of [1]Cl2 were strongly phototoxic, with photoindexes up to 17. Mechanistic studies indicated that such phototoxicity was due to a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) effects, resulting from both reactive oxygen species generation and peptide photosubstitution. Finally, in vivo studies in a subcutaneous U87MG glioblastoma mice model showed that [1]Cl2 efficiently accumulated in the tumor 12 h after injection, where green light irradiation generated a stronger tumoricidal effect than a nontargeted analogue ruthenium complex [2]Cl2. Considering the absence of systemic toxicity for the treated mice, these results demonstrate the high potential of light-sensitive integrin-targeted ruthenium-based anticancer compounds for the treatment of brain cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Quan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ludovic Bretin
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yurii Husiev
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ehider A Polanco
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gangyin Zhao
- Leiden Institute of Biology, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lukas S Wijaya
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sylvia E Le Dévédec
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
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20
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Hou Z, Lu Y, Zhang B, Motiur Rahman AFM, Zhao Y, Xi N, Wang N, Wang J. Investigation of the Relationship between Electronic Structures and Bioactivities of Polypyridyl Ru(II) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:5035. [PMID: 37446696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium (Ru)-based organometallic drugs have gained attention as chemotherapeutic and bioimaging agents due to their fewer side effects and excellent physical optical properties. Tuning the electronic structures of Ru complexes has been proven to increase the cytotoxicity of cancer cells and the luminescent efficiency of the analytical probes. However, the relationship between electronic structures and bioactivities is still unclear due to the potential enhancement of both electron donor and acceptor properties. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the electronic structures of Ru(II) complexes and cytotoxicity by optimizing the electron-withdrawing (complex 1), electron-neutral (complex 2), and electron-donating (complex 3) ligands through DFT calculations, bioactivities tests, and docking studies. Our results indicated that it was not sufficient to consider only either the effect of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating effects on biological activities instead of the total electronic effects. Furthermore, these complexes with electron-donating substituents (complex 3) featured unique "off-on" luminescent emission phenomena caused by the various "HOMO-LUMO" distributions when they interacted with DNA, while complex with electron-withdrawing substituent showed an "always-on" signature. These findings offer valuable insight into the development of bifunctional chemotherapeutic agents along with bioimaging ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Hou
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology (IDDT), Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology (IDDT), Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology (IDDT), Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Xi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology (IDDT), Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology (IDDT), Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology (IDDT), Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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21
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Li C, Pang Y, Xu Y, Lu M, Tu L, Li Q, Sharma A, Guo Z, Li X, Sun Y. Near-infrared metal agents assisting precision medicine: from strategic design to bioimaging and therapeutic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37334831 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal agents have made incredible strides in preclinical research and clinical applications in recent years, but their short emission/absorption wavelengths continue to be a barrier to their distribution, therapeutic action, visual tracking, and efficacy evaluation. Nowadays, the near-infrared window (NIR, 650-1700 nm) provides a more accurate imaging and treatment option. Thus, there has been ongoing research focusing on developing multifunctional NIR metal agents for imaging and therapy that have deeper tissue penetration. The design, characteristics, bioimaging, and therapy of NIR metal agents are covered in this overview of papers and reports published to date. To start with, we focus on describing the structure, design strategies, and photophysical properties of metal agents from the NIR-I (650-1000 nm) to NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) region, in order of molecular metal complexes (MMCs), metal-organic complexes (MOCs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Next, the biomedical applications brought by these superior photophysical and chemical properties for more accurate imaging and therapy are discussed. Finally, we explore the challenges and prospects of each type of NIR metal agent for future biomedical research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglu Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yida Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yuling Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Mengjiao Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Le Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Qian Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Amit Sharma
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector-30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Zhenzhong Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Xiangyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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22
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Saeed HK, Jarman PJ, Sreedharan S, Mowll R, Auty AJ, Chauvet AAP, Smythe CGW, de la Serna JB, Thomas JA. From Chemotherapy to Phototherapy - Changing the Therapeutic Action of a Metallo-Intercalating Ru II -Re I Luminescent System by Switching its Sub-Cellular Location. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300617. [PMID: 37013945 PMCID: PMC10946911 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new heterodinuclear ReI RuII metallointercalator containing RuII (dppz) and ReI (dppn) moieties is reported. Cell-free studies reveal that the complex has similar photophysical properties to its homoleptic M(dppz) analogue and it also binds to DNA with a similar affinity. However, the newly reported complex has very different in-cell properties to its parent. In complete contrast to the homoleptic system, the RuII (dppz)/ReI (dppn) complex is not intrinsically cytotoxic but displays appreciable phototoxic, despite both complexes displaying very similar quantum yields for singlet oxygen sensitization. Optical microscopy suggests that the reason for these contrasting biological effects is that whereas the homoleptic complex localises in the nuclei of cells, the RuII (dppz)/ReI (dppn) complex preferentially accumulates in mitochondria. These observations illustrate how even small structural changes in metal based therapeutic leads can modulate their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa K. Saeed
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Paul J. Jarman
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
- School of Human ScienceUniversity of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBUK
| | - Rachel Mowll
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | | | | | - Carl G. W. Smythe
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- Faculty of MedicineNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonSW7 2AZUK
- Central Laser FacilityRutherford Appleton LaboratoryMRC-Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology Facilities CouncilHarwellOX11 0FAUK
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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23
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Bai H, Gong W, Pang Y, Shi C, Zhang Z, Guo L, Li Y, Guo L, Wang W, Wang H. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and biomacromolecule binding: Three isomers of nitrosylruthenium complexes with bidentate bioactive molecules as co-ligands. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125009. [PMID: 37245757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three isomeric nitrosylruthenium complexes [RuNO(Qn)(PZA)Cl] (P1, P2, and P3) with bioactive small molecules 8-hydroxyquinoline (Qn) and pyrazinamide (PZA) as co-ligands were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined using X-ray diffraction technique. The cellular toxicity of the isomeric complexes was compared to understand the effects of the geometries on the biological activity of the complexes. Both the complexes and the human serum albumin (HSA) complex adducts affected the extent of proliferation of HeLa cells (IC50: 0.77-1.45 μM). P2 showed prominent activity-induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycles at the G1 phase. The binding constants (Kb) of the complex with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and HSA were quantitatively evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy in the range of 0.17-1.56 × 104 M-1 and 0.88-3.21 × 105 M-1, respectively. The average binding site (n) number was close to 1. Moreover, the structure of HSA and the P2 complex adduct solved at the resolution of 2.48 Å revealed that one PZA-coordinated nitrosylruthenium complex bound at the subdomain I of HSA via a noncoordinative bond. HSA could serve as a potential nano-delivery system. This study provides a framework for the rational design of metal-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yating Pang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chaoyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lili Guo
- The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- The Fifth Hospital (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Lili Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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24
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Farasati Far B, Naimi-Jamal MR, Daneshgar H, Rabiee N. Co-delivery of doxorubicin/sorafenib by DNA-decorated green ZIF-67-based nanocarriers for chemotherapy and hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115589. [PMID: 36858304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) has been decorated with natural biomaterials and DNA to develop a promising strategy and suitable and safe co-delivery platform for doxorubicin and sorafenib (DOX-SOR). FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, and TEM were used to characterize the modified MOFs. Combined Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and E. coli DNA were used as green decorations, and as environmentally-friendly methods to be developed, and DOX and SOR were attached to the porosity and on the surface of the MOFs. TEM and FESEM images demonstrated that the green MOFs were successfully synthesized for biomedical applications and showed their cubic structure. As a result of the nanocarrier-drug interactions, 59.7% and 60.2% of the drug payload were achieved with DOX and SOR, respectively. HEK-293, HT-29, and MCF-7 cells displayed excellent viability by decoration with DNA and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract at low and high concentrations (0.1 and 50 μg/mL), suggesting they could be used in biomedical applications. MTT assays demonstrated that the nanocarriers are highly biocompatible with normal cells and possess anticancer properties when applied to HT-29 and MCF-7 cells. As a result of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and DNA modification, DOX-SOR release was prolonged and pH-sensitive (highest release at pHs 4.5 and 5.5). The internalization and delivery of the drug were also studied using a 2d fluorescence microscope, demonstrating that the drug was effectively internalized. Cell images showed NPs internalizing in MCF-7 cells, proving their efficacy as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Farasati Far
- Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684611367, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naimi-Jamal
- Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684611367, Iran.
| | - Hossein Daneshgar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, P. O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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25
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Yusoh NA, Tiley PR, James SD, Harun SN, Thomas JA, Saad N, Hii LW, Chia SL, Gill MR, Ahmad H. Discovery of Ruthenium(II) Metallocompound and Olaparib Synergy for Cancer Combination Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6922-6937. [PMID: 37185020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic drug combinations can extend the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) such as Olaparib to BRCA-proficient tumors and overcome acquired or de novo drug resistance. To identify new synergistic combinations for PARPi, we screened a "micro-library" comprising a mix of commercially available drugs and DNA-binding ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) for Olaparib synergy in BRCA-proficient triple-negative breast cancer cells. This identified three hits: the natural product Curcumin and two ruthenium(II)-rhenium(I) polypyridyl metallomacrocycles. All combinations identified were effective in BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells, including an Olaparib-resistant cell line, and spheroid models. Mechanistic studies indicated that synergy was achieved via DNA-damage enhancement and resultant apoptosis. Combinations showed low cytotoxicity toward non-malignant breast epithelial cells and low acute and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. This work identifies RPC metallomacrocycles as a novel class of agents for cancer combination therapy and provides a proof of concept for the inclusion of metallocompounds within drug synergy screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aininie Yusoh
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paul R Tiley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Steffan D James
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Siti Norain Harun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Martin R Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Liu X, Xie H, Zhuo S, Zhou Y, Selim MS, Chen X, Hao Z. Ru(II) Complex Grafted Ti 3C 2T x MXene Nano Sheet with Photothermal/Photodynamic Synergistic Antibacterial Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:958. [PMID: 36985852 PMCID: PMC10051588 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the emergence of microbial drug resistance due to the abuse of antibiotics has greatly reduced the therapeutic effect of many existing antibiotics. This makes the development of new antimicrobial materials urgent. Light-assisted antimicrobial therapy is an alternative to antibiotic therapy due to its high antimicrobial efficiency and non-resistance. Here, we develop a nanocomposite material (Ru@MXene) which is based on Ru(bpy)(dcb)2+ connected to MXene nanosheets by ester bonding as a photothermal/photodynamic synergistic antibacterial material. The obtained Ru@MXene nanocomposites exhibit a strengthened antimicrobial capacity compared to Ru or MXene alone, which can be attributed to the higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield and the thermal effect. Once exposed to a xenon lamp, Ru@MXene promptly achieved almost 100% bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (200 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (100 μg/mL). This is ascribed to its synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) capabilities. Consequently, the innovative Ru@MXene can be a prospective non-drug antimicrobial therapy that avoids antibiotic resistance in practice. Notably, this high-efficiency PTT/PDT synergistic antimicrobial material by bonding Ru complexes to MXene is the first such reported model. However, the toxic effects of Ru@MXene materials need to be studied to evaluate them for further medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongchi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mohamed S. Selim
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Petroleum Application Department, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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27
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Quílez-Alburquerque J, Saad MA, Descalzo AB, Orellana G, Hasan T. Hyaluronic acid-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles with a ruthenium photosensitizer cargo for photokilling of oral cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Patra SK, Rabha M, Sen B, Aguan K, Khatua S. An aggregation induced emission active bis-heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complex for luminescence light-up detection of pyrophosphate ions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2592-2602. [PMID: 36734826 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03469g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A red emissive ruthenium(II) complex 1[PF6]2 of an amino ethanol substituted 1,10-phenanthroline-based ligand (L1) has been developed and characterized by spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) enhancement and forms nano-aggregates in the poor solvent water and highly dense polyethylene glycol (PEG) media. The possible reason behind the AIE properties may be the rigidity gained through weak supramolecular interactions between neighbouring phenanthroline ligands and PF6- counterions. The AIE properties were supported by UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies to substantiate the formation of nano-aggregates and to understand the morphology of the aggregated particles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were performed. Compound 1[PF6]2 was highly selective towards pyrophosphate ions (PPi) over other phosphates such as ATP, ADP, AMP and H2PO4- ions and other competitive anions in the PL spectroscopic channel in acetonitrile. The PL titrations of 1[PF6]2 with PPi in CH3CN furnished the association constant Ka = 1.08 × 104 M-1 and the detection limit was calculated as low as 1.54 μM. The PPi detection has been established through the unique H-bonding interaction, supported by 1H NMR titration. Finally, the cytotoxicity study and bioimaging were carried out for biological application. The complex shows very low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility and is suitable for intracellular PPi imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Patra
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
| | - Monosh Rabha
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
| | - Bhaskar Sen
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
| | - Kripamoy Aguan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Snehadrinarayan Khatua
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
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29
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Rabha M, Sheet SK, Sen B, Konthoujam I, Aguan K, Khatua S. Ruthenium(II) Complex‐based Highly Specific Luminescence Light‐up Probe for Detecting HOCl via C(sp
2
)‐H Chlorination. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monosh Rabha
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Sheet
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Bhaskar Sen
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Ibemhanbi Konthoujam
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Kripamoy Aguan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Snehadrinarayan Khatua
- Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya 793022 India
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30
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Smitten K, Southam HM, Fairbanks S, Graf A, Chauvet A, Thomas JA. Clearing an ESKAPE Pathogen in a Model Organism; A Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complex Theranostic that Treats a Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection in Galleria mellonella. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203555. [PMID: 36420820 PMCID: PMC10946903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we have described the therapeutic action of luminescent dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes based on the tetrapyridylphenazine, tpphz, bridging ligand on pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Herein, the antimicrobial activity of the complex against pernicious Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogenic strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB12, AB16, AB184 and AB210) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA2017, PA_ 007_ IMP and PA_ 004_ CRCN) are reported. Estimated minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations for the complexes revealed the complex shows potent activity against all A. baumannii strains, in both glucose defined minimal media and standard nutrient rich Mueller-Hinton-II. Although the activity was lower in P. aureginosa, a moderately high potency was observed and retained in carbapenem-resistant strains. Optical microscopy showed that the compound is rapidly internalized by A. baumannii. As previous reports had revealed the complex exhibited no toxicity in Galleria Mellonella up to concentrations of 80 mg/kg, the ability to clear pathogenic infection within this model was explored. The pathogenic concentrations to the larvae for each bacterium were determined to be≥105 for AB184 and≥103 CFU/mL for PA2017. It was found a single dose of the compound totally cleared a pathogenic A. baumannii infection from all treated G. mellonella within 96 h. Uniquely, in these conditions thanks to the imaging properties of the complex the clearance of the bacteria within the hemolymph of G. mellonella could be directly visualized through both optical and transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Smitten
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Simon Fairbanks
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Arthur Graf
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Adrien Chauvet
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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Chen C, Lv H, Xu H, Zhu D, Shen C. Cyclometalated Ru(II)-NHC complexes with phenanthroline ligands induce apoptosis mediated by mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1671-1679. [PMID: 36648504 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03405k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of ruthenium complexes as anticancer drugs has been the focus of intense investigation. In this study, we synthesized and characterized four C,N-cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes (Ru1-Ru4) coordinated with pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and auxiliary ligands (e.g., acetonitrile, 1,10-phenanthroline, 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all of the four cycloruthenated complexes are hexa-coordinated in a typical octahedral geometry. In vitro cytotoxic studies revealed that cyclometalated Ru-NHC complexes Ru3 and Ru4 had stronger anticancer activity than their corresponding Ru-NHC precursor Ru1 and the clinically used cisplatin. For HeLa cells, Ru3 and Ru4 exhibited potent cytotoxicity with the IC50 value of 4.31 ± 0.42 μM and 3.14 ± 0.23 μM, respectively, which was approximately three times lower than that of cisplatin. More interestingly, Ru3 and Ru4 not only effectively inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells, but also exhibited potential anti-migration activity. In the scratch wound healing assay, Ru3 and Ru4 treatment significantly reduced the wound healing rate of HUVEC cells. Mechanistic studies showed that Ru3 and Ru4 caused a dual action mode of mitochondrial membrane depolarization and endoplasmic reticulum stress and finally induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - He Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Dancheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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Xiong Q, Zhao K, Cheng Y, He C, Lai Y, Shi M, Ming X, Jin F, Tao D, Liao R, Liu Y. Optical properties, bioimaging and theoretical calculation of a Zn(II) complex based on triphenylamine derivative. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:122012. [PMID: 36308823 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A luminescent material with various optical properties based on a triphenylamine Zn(II) complex is described. The ultraviolet-visible absorption, one-photon excited fluorescence (OPEF) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) of the complex indicate that the material has good OPEF and TPEF properties. And the results of one- and two-photon HepG2 cells imaging experiments show the potential of the complex in fluorescence microscopy bioimaging. The experimental Stokes shift and the FWHM (full-width at half-maximum) in different solvents were correlated with the rMPI polarity of the solvent, and the perfect Boltzmann curves were obtained, where the Boltzmann correlation between Stokes shift and solvent polarity is reported for the second time. But the Boltzmann correlation between FWHM and solvent polarity is reported for the first time. In addition, the computational results indicate that, the covalent bond within the salt ZnBr2 is strengthened by the coordination, and the newly formed coordination bond Zn-N is stronger than the original covalent bond Zn-Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijuan Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Kaipeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Yuling Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Changjun He
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Yuting Lai
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Mengyun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Xin Ming
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Feng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Dongliang Tao
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Rongbao Liao
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
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Atmaca GY, Elmalı FT, Erdoğmuş A. Improved singlet oxygen generation of axially ruthenium(II) complex substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine by sono-photochemical studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Holden L, Gkika KS, Burke CS, Long C, Keyes TE. Selective, Disruptive Luminescent Ru(II) Polypyridyl Probes of G-Quadruplex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2213-2227. [PMID: 36703307 PMCID: PMC9906756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sensors capable of transducing G-quadruplex DNA binding are important both in solution and for imaging and interrogation in cellulo. Ru(II)-based light switches incorporating dipyridylphenazine (dppz) ligands are effective probes for recognition and imaging of DNA and its polymorphs including G-quadruplex, although selectivity is a limitation. While the majority of Ru(II)-based light switches reported to date, stabilize the quadruplex, imaging/theranostic probes that can disrupt G4s are of potentially enormous value in study and therapy for a range of disease states. We report here, on a Ru(II) complex (Ru-PDC3) that assembles the light switch capability of a Ru(II) dipyridylphenazine complex with the well-known G4-selective ligand Phen-DC3, into a single structure. The complex shows the anticipated light switch effect and strong affinity for G4 structures. Affinity depended on the G4 topology and sequence, but across all structures bar one, it was roughly an order of magnitude greater than for duplex or single-stranded DNA. Moreover, photophysical and Raman spectral data showed clear discrimination between duplex DNA and G4-bound structures offering the prospect of discrimination in imaging as well as in solution. Crucially, unlike the constituent components of the probe, Ru-PDC3 is a powerful G4 disrupter. From circular dichroism (CD), a reduction of ellipticity of the G4 between 70 and 95% was observed depending on topology and in many cases was accompanied by an induced CD signal for the metal complex. The extent of change in ellipticity is amongst the largest reported for small-molecule ligand G4 binding. While a promising G4 probe, without modification, the complex is fully water-soluble and readily permeable to live cells.
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Synergy of ruthenium metallo-intercalator, [Ru(dppz) 2(PIP)] 2+, with PARP inhibitor Olaparib in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1456. [PMID: 36702871 PMCID: PMC9879939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are critical DNA repair enzymes that are activated as part of the DNA damage response (DDR). Although inhibitors of PARP (PARPi) have emerged as small molecule drugs and have shown promising therapeutic effects, PARPi used as single agents are clinically limited to patients with mutations in germline breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA). Thus, novel PARPi combination strategies may expand their usage and combat drug resistance. In recent years, ruthenium polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) have emerged as promising anti-cancer candidates due to their attractive DNA binding properties and distinct mechanisms of action. Previously, we reported the rational combination of the RPC DNA replication inhibitor [Ru(dppz)2(PIP)]2+ (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, PIP = 2-(phenyl)-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), "Ru-PIP", with the PARPi Olaparib in breast cancer cells. Here, we expand upon this work and examine the combination of Ru-PIP with Olaparib for synergy in lung cancer cells, including in 3D lung cancer spheroids, to further elucidate mechanisms of synergy and additionally assess toxicity in a zebrafish embryo model. Compared to single agents alone, Ru-PIP and Olaparib synergy was observed in both A549 and H1975 lung cancer cell lines with mild impact on normal lung fibroblast MRC5 cells. Employing the A549 cell line, synergy was confirmed by loss in clonogenic potential and reduced migration properties. Mechanistic studies indicated that synergy is accompanied by increased double-strand break (DSB) DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which subsequently lead to cell death via apoptosis. Moreover, the identified combination was successfully able to inhibit the growth of A549 lung cancer spheroids and acute zebrafish embryos toxicity studies revealed that this combination showed reduced toxicity compared to single-agent Ru-PIP.
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Raza A, Archer SA, Thomas JA, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. Selectively inhibiting malignant melanoma migration and invasion in an engineered skin model using actin-targeting dinuclear Ru II-complexes. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:65-73. [PMID: 36755639 PMCID: PMC9890726 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the poor prognosis of metastatic cancers, there is a clinical need for agents with anti-metastatic activity. Here we report on the anti-metastatic effect of a previously reported Ru(ii) complex [{(phen)2Ru}2(tpphz)]4+, 14+, that has recently been shown to disrupt actin fiber assembly. In this study, we investigated the anti-migratory effect of +14+ and a close structural analogue+, 24+, on two highly invasive, metastatic human melanoma cell lines. Laser scanning confocal imaging was used to investigate the structure of actin filament and adhesion molecule vinculin and results show disassembly of central actin filaments and focal adhesions. The effect of both compounds on actin filaments was also found to be reversible. As these results revealed that the complexes were cytostatic and produced a significant inhibitory effect on the migration of both melanoma cell lines but not human dermal fibroblasts their effect on 3D-spheroids and a tissue-engineered living skin model were also investigated. These experiments demonstrated that the compounds inhibited the growth and invasiveness of the melanoma-based spheroidal tumor model and both complexes were found to penetrate the epidermis of the skin tissue model and inhibit the invasion of melanoma cells. Taken together, the cytostatic and antimigratory effects of the complexes results in an antimetastatic effect that totally prevent invasion of malignant melanoma into skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield Mappin St Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Stuart A. Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK+44 (0)114 222 9325
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK+44 (0)114 222 9325
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield Mappin St Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - John W. Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of SheffieldMappin StSheffield S1 3JDUK
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Elgar C, Yusoh NA, Tiley PR, Kolozsvári N, Bennett LG, Gamble A, Péan EV, Davies ML, Staples CJ, Ahmad H, Gill MR. Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as FRET Donors: Structure- and Sequence-Selective DNA-Binding and Anticancer Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1236-1246. [PMID: 36607895 PMCID: PMC9853847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) that emit from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states have been developed as DNA probes and are being examined as potential anticancer agents. Here, we report that MLCT-emissive RPCs that bind DNA undergo Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) with Cy5.5-labeled DNA, forming mega-Stokes shift FRET pairs. Based on this discovery, we developed a simple and rapid FRET binding assay to examine DNA-binding interactions of RPCs with diverse photophysical properties, including non-"light switch" complexes [Ru(dppz)2(5,5'dmb)]2+ and [Ru(PIP)2(5,5'dmb)]2+ (dppz = dipyridophenazine, 5,5'dmb = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, PIP = 2-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline). Binding affinities toward duplex, G-quadruplex, three-way junction, and mismatch DNA were determined, and derived FRET donor-acceptor proximities provide information on potential binding sites. Molecules characterized by this method demonstrate encouraging anticancer properties, including synergy with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, and mechanistic studies indicate that [Ru(PIP)2(5,5'dmb)]2+ acts to block DNA replication fork progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
E. Elgar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Nur Aininie Yusoh
- UPM-MAKNA
Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paul R. Tiley
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Natália Kolozsvári
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Laura G. Bennett
- North
West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, U.K.
| | - Amelia Gamble
- North
West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, U.K.
| | - Emmanuel V. Péan
- SPECIFIC
IKC, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Matthew L. Davies
- SPECIFIC
IKC, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Christopher J. Staples
- North
West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, U.K.
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- UPM-MAKNA
Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Martin R. Gill
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.,
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38
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Zeng S, Tang Q, Jiang K, Tang X. Fabrication of metformin and survivin siRNA encapsulated into polyethyleneimine-altered silk fibroin nanoparticles for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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39
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Lu Y, Zhu D, Le Q, Wang Y, Wang W. Ruthenium-based antitumor drugs and delivery systems from monotherapy to combination therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16339-16375. [PMID: 36341705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complex is an important compound group for antitumor drug research and development. NAMI-A, KP1019, TLD1433 and other ruthenium complexes have entered clinical research. In recent years, the research on ruthenium antitumor drugs has not been limited to single chemotherapy drugs; other applications of ruthenium complexes have emerged such as in combination therapy. During the development of ruthenium complexes, drug delivery forms of ruthenium antitumor drugs have also evolved from single-molecule drugs to nanodrug delivery systems. The review summarizes the following aspects: (1) ruthenium complexes from monotherapy to combination therapy, including the development of single-molecule compounds, carrier nanomedicine, and self-assembly of carrier-free nanomedicine; (2) ruthenium complexes in the process of ADME in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; (3) the applications of ruthenium complexes in combination therapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), immunotherapy, and their combined application; (4) the future prospects of ruthenium-based antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Quynh Le
- Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Highly Charged Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Photosensitizer Agents in Photodynamic Therapy of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113302. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer recurrence is frequent and associated with chemoresistance, leading to extremely poor prognosis. Herein, we explored the potential anti-cancer effect of a series of highly charged Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), which were able to efficiently sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen upon irradiation (Ru12+ and Ru22+) and to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in their corresponding dinuclear metal complexes with the Fenton active Cu(II) ion/s ([CuRu1]4+ and [Cu2Ru2]6+). Their cytotoxic and anti-tumor effects were evaluated on human ovarian cancer A2780 cells both in the absence or presence of photoirradiation, respectively. All the compounds tested were well tolerated under dark conditions, whereas they switched to exert anti-tumor activity following photoirradiation. The specific effect was mediated by the onset of programed cell death, but only in the case of Ru12+ and Ru22+ was preceded by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential soon after photoactivation and ROS production, thus supporting the occurrence of apoptosis via type II photochemical reactions. Thus, Ru(II)-polypyridyl-based photosensitizers represent challenging tools to be further investigated in the identification of new therapeutic approaches to overcome the innate chemoresistance to platinum derivatives of some ovarian epithelial cancers and to find innovative drugs for recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Teeuwen PCP, Melissari Z, Senge MO, Williams RM. Metal Coordination Effects on the Photophysics of Dipyrrinato Photosensitizers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206967. [PMID: 36296559 PMCID: PMC9610856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this work, we review the metal coordination effect on the photophysics of metal dipyrrinato complexes. Dipyrrinato complexes are promising candidates in the search for alternative transition metal photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes can be activated by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength, after which, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. The metal coordination allows for the use of the heavy atom effect, which can enhance the triplet generation necessary for generation of ROS. Additionally, the flexibility of these complexes for metal ions, substitutions and ligands allows the possibility to tune their photophysical properties. A general overview of the mechanism of photodynamic therapy and the properties of the triplet photosensitizers is given, followed by further details of dipyrrinato complexes described in the literature that show relevance as photosensitizers for PDT. In particular, the photophysical properties of Re(I), Ru(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), Zn(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Al(III) dipyrrinato complexes are discussed. The potential for future development in the field of (dipyrrinato)metal complexes is addressed, and several new research topics are suggested throughout this work. We propose that significant advances could be made for heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) and homoleptic bis(dipyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes and their application as photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. P. Teeuwen
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoi Melissari
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
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Gandioso A, Vidal A, Burckel P, Gasser G, Alessio E. Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Containing Simple Dioxo Ligands: a Structure-Activity Relationship Study Shows the Importance of the Charge. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200398. [PMID: 35924883 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Platinum complexes (i. e., cisplatin, carboplatin, and others) are currently heavily used for the treatment of different types of cancer, but unwanted effects occur. Ruthenium complexes have been shown to be potential promising alternatives to these metal-based drugs. In this work, we performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on two small series of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes of the type [Ru(L1)2 (O^O)]Cln (3-8), where L1 is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenantroline (DIP) or 1,10-phenantroline (phen), and O^O is a symmetrical anionic dioxo ligand: oxalate (ox, n=0), malonate (mal, n=0), or acetylacetonate (acac, n=1). These two self-consistent series of compounds allowed us to perform a systematic investigation for establishing how the nature of the ligands and the charge affect the anticancer properties of the complexes. Cytotoxicity tests on different cell lines demonstrated that some of the six compounds 3-8 have a promising anticancer activity. More specifically, the cationic complex [Ru(DIP)2 (η2 -acac)]Cl (4) has IC50 values in the mid-nanomolar concentration range, lower than those of cisplatin on the same cell lines. Interestingly, [Ru(DIP)2 (η2 -acac)]Cl was found to localize mainly in the mitochondria, whereas a smaller fraction was detected in the nucleus. Overall, our SAR investigation demonstrates the importance of combining the positive charge of the complex with the highly lipophilic diimine ligand DIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gandioso
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alessio Vidal
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Gurgul I, Mazuryk O, Rutkowska-Zbik D, Łomzik M, Krasowska A, Pietrzyk P, Stochel G, Brindell M. Microwave-assisted synthesis and photodynamic activity of tris-heteroleptic Ru(II) complexes with asymmetric polypyridyl ligands. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Kar B, Paira P. One pot three component synthesis of DNA targeting phototoxic Ru(II)- p-cymene dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'- c]phenazine analogues. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15686-15695. [PMID: 36173180 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a one pot three component synthetic protocol for half-sandwich Ru(II)-p-cymene dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine analogues for selective cancer therapy under light irradiation. On average, the cytotoxicity of all the complexes is indeed doubled upon light irradiation and also exhibited significant photo and dark selectivity against cancer cells with respect to normal cells. Out of five Ru(II) complexes (RuL1-RuL5), [(η6-p-cymene)RuIICl(K2-N,N-11-nitrodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine]PF6 (RuL4) exhibited the best phototoxicity (lowest IC50 under light irradiation). Intracellular ROS generation was studied by the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Moreover, these complexes exhibited a strong serum albumin and DNA binding capacity. These complexes also exhibited good stability in 10% DMSO-buffer and under 1 mM GSH conditions. Overall, the remarkable photocytotoxic efficacy of new Ru(II)-p-cymene dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine analogues (RuL1-RuL5) makes them potential photochemotherapeutics as an alternative of current PDT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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Wang M, Yang R, Tang S, Deng Y, Li G, Zhang D, Chen D, Ren X, Gao F. In vivo Realization of Dual Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy for Melanoma by Mitochondria Targeting Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes under Civil Infrared Low‐power Laser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208721. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Ang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming 650032 P. R. China
| | - Daomei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Animal Research and Resource Center School of Life Sciences Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University No. 2 North Cuihu Road Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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Georgakopoulou C, Thomos D, Tsolis T, Ypsilantis K, Plakatouras JC, Kordias D, Magklara A, Kouderis C, Kalampounias AG, Garoufis A. Synthesis, characterization, interactions with the DNA duplex dodecamer d(5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3') 2 and cytotoxicity of binuclear η 6-arene-Ru(II) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13808-13825. [PMID: 36039685 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel binuclear η6-arene-Ru(II) complexes with the general formula {[(η6-cym)Ru(L)]2(μ-BL)}(PF6)4, and their corresponding water soluble {[(η6-cym)Ru(L)]2(μ-BL)}Cl4, where cym = p-cymene, L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), BL = 4,4'-bipyridine (BL-1), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (BL-2) and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (BL-3), were synthesized and characterized. The structure of {[(η6-cym)Ru(phen)]2(μ-BL-1)}(PF6)4 was determined by X-ray single crystal methods. The interaction of {[(η6-cym)Ru(phen)]2(μ-BL-i)}Cl4 (i = 1, 2, 3; (4), (5) and (6) correspondingly) with the DNA duplex d(5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3')2 was studied by means of NMR techniques and fluorescence titrations. The results show that complex (4) binds with a Kb = 12.133 × 103 M-1 through both intercalation and groove binding, while (5) and (6) are groove binders (Kb = 2.333 × 103 M-1 and Kb = 3.336 × 103 M-1 correspondingly). Comparison with the mononuclear complex [(η6-cym)Ru(phen)(py)]2+ reveals that it binds to the d(5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3')2 with a Kb value two orders of magnitude lower than (4) (Kb = 0.158 × 103 M-1), indicating that for the binuclear complexes both ruthenium moieties participate in the binding. The complexes were found to be cytotoxic against the A2780 and A2780 res. cancer cell line with a selectivity index (SI) in the range of 3.0-5.9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios Thomos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Theodoros Tsolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | - John C Plakatouras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. .,University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kordias
- Biomedical Research Institute-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Biomedical Research Institute-Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.,Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (U.R.C.I.), Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Angelos G Kalampounias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. .,University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Achilleas Garoufis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. .,University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
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48
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Ma X, Lu J, Yang P, Zhang Z, Huang B, Li R, Ye R. 8-Hydroxyquinoline-modified ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes for JMJD inhibition and photodynamic antitumor therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13902-13909. [PMID: 36040403 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an ideal scaffold for metal ion chelation, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) can chelate different metal ions, such as Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, etc. Here, by integrating 8HQ with a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl moiety, two Ru(II)-8HQ complexes (Ru1 and Ru2), [Ru(N-N)2L](PF6)2 (L = 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol; N-N: 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in Ru1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru2)) were designed and synthesized. In both complexes, ligand L is an 8HQ derivative designed to chelate the cofactor Fe2+ of jumonji C domain-containing demethylase (JMJD). As expected, Ru1 and Ru2 could inhibit the activity of JMJD by chelating the key cofactor Fe2+ of JMJD, resulting in the upregulation of histone-methylation levels in human lung cancer (A549) cells, and the upregulation was more pronounced under light conditions. In addition, MTT data showed that Ru1 and Ru2 exhibited lower dark toxicity, and light irradiation could significantly enhance their antitumor activity. The marked photodynamic activities of Ru1 and Ru2 could induce the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspases. These mechanistic studies indicated that Ru1 and Ru2 could induce apoptosis through the combination of JMJD inhibitory and PDT activities, thereby achieving dual antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Junjian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Peixin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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49
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Wang MF, Yang R, Tang SJ, Yu-Ang D, Li GK, Zhang D, Chen D, Ren X, Gao F. In vivo Realization of Combined Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy for Melanoma by Mitochondria Targeting Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes under Civil Infrared Low‐power Laser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Gao
- Yunnan University Chemistry No.2 Cuihu Road North 650091 Kunming CHINA
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50
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Tu L, Li C, Liu C, Bai S, Yang J, Zhang X, Xu L, Xiong X, Sun Y. Rationally designed Ru(II) metallacycles with tunable imidazole ligands for synergistical chemo-phototherapy of cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9068-9071. [PMID: 35894452 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we construct a series of Ru(II) metallacycles with multimodal chemo-phototherapeutic properties, which exhibited much higher anticancer activity and better cancer-cell selectivity than cisplatin. The antitumor mechanism could be ascribed to the activation of caspase 3/7 and the resulting apoptosis. These results open new possibilities for Ru(II) metallacycles in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Chonglu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Suya Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Liying Xu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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