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Chen Z, Gezginer I, Zhou Q, Tang L, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Multimodal optoacoustic imaging: methods and contrast materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38738633 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00565h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Optoacoustic (OA) imaging offers powerful capabilities for interrogating biological tissues with rich optical absorption contrast while maintaining high spatial resolution for deep tissue observations. The spectrally distinct absorption of visible and near-infrared photons by endogenous tissue chromophores facilitates extraction of diverse anatomic, functional, molecular, and metabolic information from living tissues across various scales, from organelles and cells to whole organs and organisms. The primarily blood-related contrast and limited penetration depth of OA imaging have fostered the development of multimodal approaches to fully exploit the unique advantages and complementarity of the method. We review the recent hybridization efforts, including multimodal combinations of OA with ultrasound, fluorescence, optical coherence tomography, Raman scattering microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging as well as ionizing methods, such as X-ray computed tomography, single-photon-emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Considering that most molecules absorb light across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, the OA interrogations can be extended to a large number of exogenously administered small molecules, particulate agents, and genetically encoded labels. This unique property further makes contrast moieties used in other imaging modalities amenable for OA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irmak Gezginer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Tang
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Pan S, Sun Z, Zhao B, Miao L, Zhou Q, Chen T, Zhu X. Therapeutic application of manganese-based nanosystems in cancer radiotherapy. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122321. [PMID: 37722183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important therapeutic modality in the treatment of cancers. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as hypoxia and high glutathione (GSH), limit the efficacy of radiotherapy. Manganese-based (Mn-based) nanomaterials offer a promising prospect for sensitizing radiotherapy due to their good responsiveness to the TME. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of radiosensitization of Mn-based nanosystems, including alleviating tumor hypoxia, increasing reactive oxygen species production, increasing GSH conversion, and promoting antitumor immunity. We further illustrate the applications of these mechanisms in cancer radiotherapy, including the development and delivery of radiosensitizers, as well as their combination with other therapeutic modalities. Finally, we summarize the application of Mn-based nanosystems as contrast agents in realizing precision therapy. Hopefully, the present review will provide new insights into the biological mechanisms of Mn-based nanosystems, as well as their applications in radiotherapy, in order to address the difficulties and challenges that remain in their clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhengwei Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Liqing Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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3
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Wu Q, Zheng Q, He Y, Chen Q, Yang H. Emerging Nanoagents for Medical X-ray Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:33-48. [PMID: 36625104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinxia Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qianyu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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4
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The Recent Development of Multifunctional Gold Nanoclusters in Tumor Theranostic and Combination Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112451. [PMID: 36432642 PMCID: PMC9696200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence and severity of malignant tumors threaten human life and health, and the current lagged diagnosis and single treatment in clinical practice are inadequate for tumor management. Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are nanomaterials with small dimensions (≤3 nm) and few atoms exhibiting unique optoelectronic and physicochemical characteristics, such as fluorescence, photothermal effects, radiosensitization, and biocompatibility. Here, the three primary functions that AuNCs play in practical applications, imaging agents, drug transporters, and therapeutic nanosystems, are characterized. Additionally, the promise and remaining limitations of AuNCs for tumor theranostic and combination therapy are discussed. Finally, it is anticipated that the information presented herein will serve as a supply for researchers in this area, leading to new discoveries and ultimately a more widespread use of AuNCs in pharmaceuticals.
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Thankachan D, Anbazhagan R, Krishnamoorthi R, Tsai HC, Gebrie HT, Darge HF, Lu CH, Chen JK. MnO2 nanoparticle encapsulated in polyelectrolytic hybrids from alkyl functionalized carboxymethyl cellulose and azide functionalized gelatin to treat tumors by photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Zeng Y, Dou T, Ma L, Ma J. Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging for Molecular Detection and Disease Diagnosis: "Always-On" and "Turn-On" Probes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202384. [PMID: 35773244 PMCID: PMC9443455 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a nonionizing, noninvasive imaging technique that combines optical and ultrasonic imaging modalities to provide images with excellent contrast, spatial resolution, and penetration depth. Exogenous PA contrast agents are created to increase the sensitivity and specificity of PA imaging and to offer diagnostic information for illnesses. The existing PA contrast agents are categorized into two groups in this review: "always-on" and "turn-on," based on their ability to be triggered by target molecules. The present state of these probes, their merits and limitations, and their future development, is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zeng
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro ImagingMinistry of EducationXi'anShaanxi Province710126P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans‐Scale Life InformationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province7100126P. R. China
| | - Taotao Dou
- Neurosurgery DepartmentNinth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province710054P. R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Vascular Intervention DepartmentNinth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province710054P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Radiology DepartmentCT and MRI RoomNinth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an
Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province710054P. R. China
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7
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Xiang X, Shi D, Gao J. The Advances and Biomedical Applications of Imageable Nanomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:914105. [PMID: 35866027 PMCID: PMC9294271 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.914105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine shows great potential in screening, diagnosing and treating diseases. However, given the limitations of current technology, detection of some smaller lesions and drugs’ dynamic monitoring still need to be improved. With the advancement of nanotechnology, researchers have produced various nanomaterials with imaging capabilities which have shown great potential in biomedical research. Here, we summarized the researches based on the characteristics of imageable nanomaterials, highlighted the advantages and biomedical applications of imageable nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and discussed current challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Doudou Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbo Gao,
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8
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Subasinghe SAAS, Pautler RG, Samee MAH, Yustein JT, Allen MJ. Dual-Mode Tumor Imaging Using Probes That Are Responsive to Hypoxia-Induced Pathological Conditions. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070478. [PMID: 35884281 PMCID: PMC9313010 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in solid tumors is associated with poor prognosis, increased aggressiveness, and strong resistance to therapeutics, making accurate monitoring of hypoxia important. Several imaging modalities have been used to study hypoxia, but each modality has inherent limitations. The use of a second modality can compensate for the limitations and validate the results of any single imaging modality. In this review, we describe dual-mode imaging systems for the detection of hypoxia that have been reported since the start of the 21st century. First, we provide a brief overview of the hallmarks of hypoxia used for imaging and the imaging modalities used to detect hypoxia, including optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, single-photon emission tomography, X-ray computed tomography, positron emission tomography, Cerenkov radiation energy transfer imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometric imaging. These overviews are followed by examples of hypoxia-relevant imaging using a mixture of probes for complementary single-mode imaging techniques. Then, we describe dual-mode molecular switches that are responsive in multiple imaging modalities to at least one hypoxia-induced pathological change. Finally, we offer future perspectives toward dual-mode imaging of hypoxia and hypoxia-induced pathophysiological changes in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robia G. Pautler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.P.); (M.A.H.S.)
| | - Md. Abul Hassan Samee
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.P.); (M.A.H.S.)
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and the Department of Pediatrics in the Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Matthew J. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Design of a gold clustering site in an engineered apo-ferritin cage. Commun Chem 2022; 5:39. [PMID: 36697940 PMCID: PMC9814837 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble and biocompatible protein-protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) hold great promise for numerous applications. However, design and precise regulation of their structure at an atomic level remain challenging. Herein, we have engineered and constructed a gold clustering site at the 4-fold symmetric axis channel of the apo-ferritin cage. Using a series of X-ray crystal structures, we evaluated the stepwise accumulation process of Au ions into the cage and the formation of a multinuclear Au cluster in our designed cavity. We also disclosed the role of key residues in the metal accumulation process. X-ray crystal structures in combination with quantum chemical (QC) calculation revealed a unique Au clustering site with up to 12 Au atoms positions in the cavity. Moreover, the structure of the gold nanocluster was precisely tuned by the dosage of the Au precursor. As the gold concentration increases, the number of Au atoms position at the clustering site increases from 8 to 12, and a structural rearrangement was observed at a higher Au concentration. Furthermore, the binding affinity order of the four Au binding sites on apo-ferritin was unveiled with a stepwise increase of Au precursor concentration.
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11
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Li Y, Zhai T, Chen J, Shi J, Wang L, Shen J, Liu X. Water-Dispersible Gold Nanoclusters: Synthesis Strategies, Optical Properties, and Biological Applications. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103736. [PMID: 34854510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are an emerging class of quantum-sized nanomaterials. Intrinsic discrete electronic energy levels have endowed them with fascinating electronic and optical properties. They have been widely applied in the fields of optoelectronics, photovoltaics, catalysis, biochemical sensing, bio-imaging, and therapeutics. Nevertheless, most AuNCs are synthesized in organic solvents and do not disperse in aqueous solutions; this restricts their biological applications. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the preparation of water-dispersible AuNCs and their biological applications. We first review different methods of synthesis, including direct synthesis from hydrophilic templates and indirect phase transfer of hydrophobic AuNCs. We then discuss their photophysical properties, such as emission enhancement and fluorescence lifetimes. Next, we summarize their latest applications in the fields of biosensing, biolabeling, and bioimaging. Finally, we outline the challenges and potential for the future development of these AuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Shi
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jianlei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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12
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Recent Technical Progression in Photoacoustic Imaging—Towards Using Contrast Agents and Multimodal Techniques. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For combining optical and ultrasonic imaging methodologies, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is the most important and successful hybrid technique, which has greatly contributed to biomedical research and applications. Its theoretical background is based on the photoacoustic effect, whereby a modulated or pulsed light is emitted into tissue, which selectively absorbs the optical energy of the light at optical wavelengths. This energy produces a fast thermal expansion in the illuminated tissue, generating pressure waves (or photoacoustic waves) that can be detected by ultrasonic transducers. Research has shown that optical absorption spectroscopy offers high optical sensitivity and contrast for ingredient determination, for example, while ultrasound has demonstrated good spatial resolution in biomedical imaging. Photoacoustic imaging combines these advantages, i.e., high contrast through optical absorption and high spatial resolution due to the low scattering of ultrasound in tissue. In this review, we focus on advances made in PAI in the last five years and present categories and key devices used in PAI techniques. In particular, we highlight the continuously increasing imaging depth achieved by PAI, particularly when using exogenous reagents. Finally, we discuss the potential of combining PAI with other imaging techniques.
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13
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Shi XF, Ji B, Kong Y, Guan Y, Ni R. Multimodal Contrast Agents for Optoacoustic Brain Imaging in Small Animals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:746815. [PMID: 34650961 PMCID: PMC8505530 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.746815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging has demonstrated versatile applications in biomedical research, visualizing the disease pathophysiology and monitoring the treatment effect in an animal model, as well as toward applications in the clinical setting. Given the complex disease mechanism, multimodal imaging provides important etiological insights with different molecular, structural, and functional readouts in vivo. Various multimodal optoacoustic molecular imaging approaches have been applied in preclinical brain imaging studies, including optoacoustic/fluorescence imaging, optoacoustic imaging/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optoacoustic imaging/MRI/Raman, optoacoustic imaging/positron emission tomography, and optoacoustic/computed tomography. There is a rapid development in molecular imaging contrast agents employing a multimodal imaging strategy for pathological targets involved in brain diseases. Many chemical dyes for optoacoustic imaging have fluorescence properties and have been applied in hybrid optoacoustic/fluorescence imaging. Nanoparticles are widely used as hybrid contrast agents for their capability to incorporate different imaging components, tunable spectrum, and photostability. In this review, we summarize contrast agents including chemical dyes and nanoparticles applied in multimodal optoacoustic brain imaging integrated with other modalities in small animals, and provide outlook for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-feng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Kong
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Farkaš B, de Leeuw NH. A Perspective on Modelling Metallic Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedicine: From Monometals to Nanoalloys and Ligand-Protected Particles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3611. [PMID: 34203371 PMCID: PMC8269646 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this review is on the physical and magnetic properties that are related to the efficiency of monometallic magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia, and how to model these by theoretical methods, where the discussion is based on the example of cobalt nanoparticles. Different simulation systems (cluster, extended slab, and nanoparticle models) are critically appraised for their efficacy in the determination of reactivity, magnetic behaviour, and ligand-induced modifications of relevant properties. Simulations of the effects of nanoscale alloying with other metallic phases are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Farkaš
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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15
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Sonia, Komal, Kukreti S, Kaushik M. Gold nanoclusters: An ultrasmall platform for multifaceted applications. Talanta 2021; 234:122623. [PMID: 34364432 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with a core size below 2 nm form an exciting class of functional nano-materials with characteristic physical and chemical properties. The properties of Au NCs are more prominent and extremely different from their bulk counterparts. The synthesis of Au NCs is generally assisted by template or ligand, which impart excellent cluster stability and high quantum yield. The tunable and sensitive physicochemical properties of Au NCs open horizons for their advanced applications in various interdisciplinary fields. In this review, we briefly summarize the solution phase synthesis and origin of the characteristic properties of Au NCs. A vast review of recent research work introducing biosensors based on Au NCs has been presented along with their specifications and detection limits. This review also highlights recent progress in the use of Au NCs as bio-imaging probe, enzyme mimic, temperature sensing probe and catalysts. A speculation on present challenges and certain future prospects have also been provided to enlighten the path for advancement of multifaceted applications of Au NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Komal
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mahima Kaushik
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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16
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Wang J, Zhang B, Sun J, Hu W, Wang H. Recent advances in porous nanostructures for cancer theranostics. NANO TODAY 2021; 38:101146. [PMID: 33897805 PMCID: PMC8059603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanomaterials with high surface area, tunable porosity, and large mesopores have recently received particular attention in cancer therapy and imaging. Introduction of additional pores to nanostructures not only endows the tunability of optoelectronic and optical features optimal for tumor treatment, but also modulates the loading capacity and controlled release of therapeutic agents. In recognition, increasing efforts have been made to fabricate various porous nanomaterials and explore their potentials in oncology applications. Thus, a systematic and comprehensive summary is necessary to overview the recent progress, especially in last ten years, on the development of various mesoporous nanomaterials for cancer treatment as theranostic agents. While outlining their individual synthetic mechanisms after a brief introduction of the structures and properties of porous nanomaterials, the current review highlighted the representative applications of three main categories of porous nanostructures (organic, inorganic, and organic-inorganic nanomaterials). In each category, the synthesis, representative examples, and interactions with tumors were further detailed. The review was concluded with deliberations on the key challenges and future outlooks of porous nanostructures in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Beilu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
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Qiu T, Lan Y, Gao W, Zhou M, Liu S, Huang W, Zeng S, Pathak JL, Yang B, Zhang J. Photoacoustic imaging as a highly efficient and precise imaging strategy for the evaluation of brain diseases. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2169-2186. [PMID: 33936997 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging imaging strategy with a unique combination of rich optical contrasts, high ultrasound spatial resolution, and deep penetration depth without ionizing radiation. Taking advantage of the features mentioned above, PAI has been widely applied to preclinical studies in diverse fields, such as vascular biology, cardiology, neurology, ophthalmology, dermatology, gastroenterology, and oncology. Among various biomedical applications, photoacoustic brain imaging has great importance due to the brain's complex anatomy and the variability of brain disease. In this review, we aimed to introduce a novel and effective imaging modality for diagnosing brain diseases. Firstly, a brief overview of two major types of PAI system was provided. Then, PAI's major preclinical applications in brain diseases were introduced, including early diagnosis of brain tumors, subtle changes in the chemotherapy response, epileptic activity and brain injury, foreign body, and brain plaque. Finally, a perspective of the remaining challenges of PAI was given for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yintao Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Zeng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bharti K, Lone SA, Singh A, Nathani S, Roy P, Sadhu KK. Green Synthesis of Luminescent Gold-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: Cell Imaging and Visible Light-Induced Dye Degradation. Front Chem 2021; 9:639090. [PMID: 33937192 PMCID: PMC8080447 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of gold-zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) nanocomposite was successfully attempted under organic solvent–free conditions at room temperature. Prolonged stirring of the reaction mixture introduced crystallinity in the ZnO phase of Au-ZnO nanocomposites. Luminescence properties were observed in these crystalline Au-ZnO nanocomposites due to in situ embedding of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) of 5–6 nm diameter on the surface. This efficient strategy involved the reduction of Au(III) by Zn(0) powder in aqueous medium, where sodium citrate (NaCt) was the stabilizing agent. Reaction time and variation of reagent concentrations were investigated to control the Au:Zn ratio within the nanocomposites. The reaction with the least amount of NaCt for a long duration resulted in Au-ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanocomposite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the formation of Zn(OH)2 and ZnO in the same nanocomposite. These nanocomposites were reconnoitered as bioimaging materials in human cells and applied for visible light–induced photodegradation of rhodamine-B dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Bharti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sandip Nathani
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institution of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institution of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Kalyan K Sadhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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19
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Rosenkrans ZT, Ferreira CA, Ni D, Cai W. Internally Responsive Nanomaterials for Activatable Multimodal Imaging of Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000690. [PMID: 32691969 PMCID: PMC7855763 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in technology and nanomedicine have led to the development of nanoparticles that can be activated for multimodal imaging of cancer, where a stimulus induces a material modification that enhances image contrast. Multimodal imaging using nanomaterials with this capability can combine the advantages and overcome the limitations of any single imaging modality. When designed with stimuli-responsive abilities, the target-to-background ratio of multimodal imaging nanoprobes increases because specific stimuli in the tumor enhance the signal. Several aspects of the tumor microenvironment can be exploited as an internal stimulus response for multimodal imaging applications, such as the pH gradient, redox processes, overproduction of various enzymes, or combinations of these. In this review, design strategies are discussed and an overview of the recent developments of internally responsive multimodal nanomaterials is provided. Properly implementing this approach improves noninvasive cancer diagnosis and staging as well as provides a method to monitor drug delivery and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Carolina A Ferreira
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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20
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Ruan J, Qian H. Recent Development on Controlled Synthesis of Mn‐Based Nanostructures for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032 P. R. China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032 P. R. China
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21
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Ji S, Chen Y, Zhao X, Cai Y, Zhang X, Sun F, Chen Q, Deng Q, Wang C, Ma K, Hong B, Liang C. Surface morphology and payload synergistically caused an enhancement of the longitudinal relaxivity of a Mn 3O 4/PtO x nanocomposite for magnetic resonance tumor imaging. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2732-2742. [PMID: 33620045 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The construction of surface structures of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs) in order to promote their longitudinal relaxivity r1 to surpass those of commercially available Gd(iii) complexes is still a significant challenge. Herein, we successfully obtained Mn3O4/PtOx nanocomposites (NCs) with an r1 of 20.48 mM-1 s-1, four times higher than that of commercially available Gd-DTPA (5.11 mM-1 s-1). The r2/r1 ratio of these NCs is 1.46 lower than that of Gd-DTPA (2.38). This is the first time that such excellent T1 contrast performance has been achieved using MONs via synergistically utilizing the surface morphology and surface payload. These NCs are composed of porous Mn3O4"skeleton" nanostructures decorated with tiny PtOx nanoparticles (NPs) that are realized using laser ablation and irradiation in liquid and ion etching steps. Experimental results showed that the enlarged specific area of the porous Mn3O4/PtOx NCs and the payload of ultrafine PtOx NPs synergistically facilitated the T1 contrast capabilities. The former favors sufficient proton-electron interactions and the latter reduces the global molecular tumbling motion. These NCs also exhibit an evident computed tomography (CT) attenuation value of 24.13 HU L g-1, which is much better than that achieved using the commercial product iopromide (15.9 HU L g-1). The outstanding magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and CT imaging performances of the Mn3O4/PtOx NCs were proved through in vivo experiments. Histological examinations and blood circulation assays confirmed the good biosafety of the NCs. These novel findings showcase a brand-new strategy for fabricating excellent MON T1 contrast agents (CAs) on the basis of the surface structure and they pave the way for their practical clinical applications in dual-modal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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22
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Xu Z, Wang R, Chen Y, Chen M, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Xu J, Chen W. Three-dimensional assembly and disassembly of Fe 3O 4-decorated porous carbon nanocomposite with enhanced transversal relaxation for magnetic resonance sensing of bisphenol A. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:90. [PMID: 33598733 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The design and construction of a novel magnetic resonance sensor (MRS) is presented for bisphenol A (BPA) detection. The MRS has been built based on the core component of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (~ 40 nm), which were uniformly distributed in nanoporous carbon (abbreviated as Fe3O4@NPC). The synthesis was derived from the calcination of the metal organic framework (MOF) precursor of Fe-MIL-101 at high temperature. Fe3O4@NPC was confirmed with enhanced transversal relaxation with r2 value of 118.2 mM-1 s-1, which was around 1.7 times higher than that of the naked Fe3O4 nanoparticle. This enhancement is attributed to the excellent proton transverse relaxation rate of Fe3O4@NPC caused by the reduced self-diffusion coefficient of water molecules in the vicinity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the nanoporous carbon. BPA antibody (Ab) and antigen (Ag)-ovalbumin (OVA) were immobilized onto the Fe3O4@NPC to form Ab-Fe3O4@NPC and Ag-Fe3O4@NPC, respectively. These two composites can cause the three-dimensional assembly of Fe3O4@NPC via immunological recognition. The presence of BPA can compete with antigen-OVA to combine with Ab-Fe3O4@NPC, thereby breaking the assembly process (disassembly). The difference in the change of the T2 value before and after adding BPA can thus be used to monitor BPA. The proposed MRS not only revealed a wide linear range of BPA concentration from 0.05 to 50 ng mL-1 with an extremely low detection limit of 0.012 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3), but also displayed high selectivity towards matrix interferences. The recoveries of BPA ranged from 95.6 to 108.4% for spiked tea π, and 93.4 to 104.7% for spiked canned oranges samples, respectively, and the RSD (n = 3) was less than 4.4% for 3 successive assays. The versatility of Fe3O4@NPC with customized relaxation responses provides the possibility for the adaptation of magnetic resonance platforms for food safety development. The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the nanoporous carbon (Fe3O4@NPC), which derived from the calcinating of the metal organic framework (MOF) precursor of Fe-MIL-101. And the magnetic Fe3O4@NPCs are adopted for the construction of magnetic resonance sensor (MRS) for bisphenol A (BPA) detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Maolong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Jianguo Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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23
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Aslan N, Ceylan B, Koç MM, Findik F. Metallic nanoparticles as X-Ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents: A review. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Zhang X, Chen M, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Wu Y, Yao M, Li L, Shi L, Liu T, Hu B, Zhao H, Li X, Shi J, Jia B, Wang F. Monoclonal-Antibody-Templated Gold Nanoclusters for HER2 Receptors Targeted Fluorescence Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7061-7066. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Big Data and Engineering Research Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Muhua Chen
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meinan Yao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Linqing Shi
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiyun Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoda Li
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road,
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road,
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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25
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Chen D, Li J. Ultrasmall Au nanoclusters for bioanalytical and biomedical applications: the undisclosed and neglected roles of ligands in determining the nanoclusters' catalytic activities. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1355-1367. [PMID: 32986047 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Significantly different from conventional Au nanoparticles, ultrasmall Au nanoclusters (NCs) consisting of several to about a hundred Au atoms with a size below 2 nm exhibit a strong quantum confinement effect, and possess an intriguing molecular-like highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) transition, quantized charging, intrinsic chirality, and special fluorescence properties, as well as high catalytic activities. In virtue of their unique molecular-like electronic structure, remarkable physicochemical properties, mild preparation conditions and good biocompatibility, Au NCs have been having a profound impact on bioanalytical and biomedical applications, such as biosensing, biological imaging, cell markers, drug delivery, photodynamic/photothermal therapy, and biomedical toxicology. As an indispensable part of Au NCs, shell ligands not only stabilize and protect the structure of Au NCs, but also have an important influence on the structure and biocatalytic activities of Au NCs. Nevertheless, the effect of shell ligands on the biocatalytic activities of Au NCs has not been paid much attention or even ignored. In this Focus article, thus, the structure and biocatalytic activities of Au NCs are discussed from the perspective of the shell ligands. Particular emphasis is directed to the discussion and exploration of the undisclosed and neglected roles of shell ligands in the biocatalytic activities of Au NCs, which are of fundamental importance to the unraveling of charge transfer behaviors and biocatalytic processes of Au NCs. In addition, the future directions to explore the mechanism of shell ligands affecting the biocatalytic activities of Au NCs, such as surface ligand engineering of Au NCs, advanced surface/interface in situ characterization techniques, theoretical analysis, and the nanobiology of Au NCs, are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Zhang C, Liu X, Xu Z, Liu D. Multichannel Stimulus-Responsive Nanoprobes for H2O2 Sensing in Diverse Biological Milieus. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12639-12646. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinzhuo Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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27
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Pang S. A novel colorimetric assay for calcium ion and calmodulin detection based on gold nanoparticles. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1802753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Pang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, China
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28
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Zhou X, Zhao W, Wang M, Zhang S, Li Y, Hu W, Ren L, Luo S, Chen Z. Dual-Modal Therapeutic Role of the Lactate Oxidase-Embedded Hierarchical Porous Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework as a Nanocatalyst for Effective Tumor Suppression. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32278-32288. [PMID: 32580547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing evidence supports the fact that lactate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a vital role in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence, which in turn is emerging as one of the most interesting molecular targets for tumor treatment. Here, hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as the nanocarrier is fabricated to simultaneously load lactate oxidase (LOD) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), called LOD & Fe3O4@ZIF-8 NPs (LFZ NPs), for tumor therapy. On one hand, the sharp consumption of lactate in the TME by LOD will change the essential "soil" where tumor cells live so as to suppress tumor rapid growth. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced in the TME from the oxidation of lactate catalyzed by LOD and subsequently converted to highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) catalyzed by Fe3O4 NPs via Fenton-like reactions to kill tumor cells. Based on the endogenous catalysis, this dual-modal strategy of tumor therapy based on lactate is simple, safe, and effective, which deserves to be well concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Muxue Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- Harvard College, Harvard University, 209 Dunster Mail Center, 945 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
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29
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Wang Y, Lan M, Shen D, Fang K, Zhu L, Liu Y, Hao L, Li P. Targeted Nanobubbles Carrying Indocyanine Green for Ultrasound, Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4289-4309. [PMID: 32606678 PMCID: PMC7306459 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s243548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To construct prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting, indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) for multimodal (ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence) imaging of prostate cancer. Methods The mechanical oscillation method was used to prepare ICG-loaded photoacoustic NBs (ICG NBs). Then, PSMA-binding peptides were connected to the surface of ICG NBs using the biotin–avidin method to make targeted photoacoustic NBs, namely, PSMAP/ICG NBs. Their particle sizes, zeta potentials, and in vitro ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging were examined. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the binding ability of the PSMAP/ICG NBs to PSMA-positive LNCaP cells, C4-2 cells, and PSMA-negative PC-3 cells. The multimodal imaging effects of PSMAP/ICG NBs and ICG NBs were compared in nude mouse tumor xenografts. Results The particle size of the PSMAP/ICG NBs was approximately 457.7 nm, and the zeta potential was approximately −23.5 mV. Both confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that the PSMAP/ICG NBs could specifically bind to both LNCaP and C4-2 cells, but they rarely bound to PC-3 cells. The ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging intensities of the PSMAP/ICG NBs in vitro positively correlated with their concentrations. The ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging effects of the PSMAP/ICG NBs in LNCaP and C4-2 tumor xenografts were significantly enhanced compared with those in PC-3 tumor xenografts, which were characterized by a significantly increased duration of ultrasound enhancement and heightened photoacoustic signal intensity (P < 0.05). Fluorescence imaging showed that PSMAP/ICG NBs could accumulate in LNCaP and C4-2 tumor xenografts for a relatively long period. Conclusion The targeted photoacoustic nanobubbles prepared in this study can specifically bind to PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells and have the ability to enhance ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of PSMA-positive tumor xenografts. Photoacoustic imaging could visually display the intensity of the red photoacoustic signal in the tumor region, providing a more intuitive imaging modality for targeted molecular imaging. This study presents a potential multimodal contrast agent for the accurate diagnosis and assessment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Lan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daijia Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Hao
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Fan Z, Jiang B, Zhu Q, Xiang S, Tu L, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Huang D, Han J, Su G, Ge D, Hou Z. Tumor-Specific Endogenous Fe II-Activated, MRI-Guided Self-Targeting Gadolinium-Coordinated Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Amplification of ROS and Enhanced Chemodynamic Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14884-14904. [PMID: 32167740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low drug payload and lack of tumor-targeting for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) result in an insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which seriously hinders its further clinical application. Therefore, how to improve the drug payload and tumor targeting for amplification of ROS and combine it with chemotherapy has been a huge challenge in CDT. Herein, methotrexate (MTX), gadolinium (Gd), and artesunate (ASA) were used as theranostic building blocks to be coordinately assembled into tumor-specific endogenous FeII-activated and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided self-targeting carrier-free nanoplatforms (NPs) for amplification of ROS and enhanced chemodynamic chemotherapy. The obtained ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs exhibited extremely high drug payload (∼96 wt %), excellent physiological stability, long circulating ability (half-time: ∼12 h), and outstanding tumor accumulation. Moreover, ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs could be specifically uptaken by tumor cells via folate (FA) receptors and subsequently be disassembled via lysosomal acidity-induced coordination breakage, resulting in drug burst release. Most strikingly, the produced ASA could be catalyzed by tumor-specific overexpressed endogenous FeII ions to generate sufficient ROS for enhancing the main chemodynamic efficacy, which could exert a synergistic effect with the assistant chemotherapy of MTX. Interestingly, ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs caused a lower ROS generation and toxicity on normal cell lines that seldom expressed endogenous FeII ions. Under MRI guidance with assistance of self-targeting, significantly superior synergistic tumor therapy was performed on FA receptor-overexpressed tumor-bearing mice with a higher ROS generation and an almost complete elimination of tumor. This work highlights ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs as an efficient chemodynamic-chemotherapeutic agent for MRI imaging and tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiong Fan
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Beili Jiang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qixin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sijin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li Tu
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian Han
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guanghao Su
- Children's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Dongtao Ge
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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31
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Ding B, Zheng P, Ma P, Lin J. Manganese Oxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Theranostic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905823. [PMID: 31990409 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the comprehensive applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug/gene delivery, and tumor therapy of manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs including MnO2 , MnO, Mn2 O3 , Mn3 O4 , and MnOx ) and their derivatives, a review article focusing on MON-based nanoplatforms has not been reported yet. Herein, the representative progresses of MONs on synthesis, heterogene, properties, surface modification, toxicity, imaging, biodetection, and therapy are mainly introduced. First, five kinds of primary synthetic methods of MONs are presented, including thermal decomposition method, exfoliation strategy, permanganates reduction method, adsorption-oxidation method, and hydro/solvothermal. Second, the preparations of hollow MONs and MON-based composite materials are summarized specially. Then, the chemical properties, surface modification, and toxicity of MONs are discussed. Next, the diagnostic applications including imaging and sensing are outlined. Finally, some representative rational designs of MONs in photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, magnetic hyperthermia, chemotherapy, gene therapy, starvation therapy, ferroptosis, immunotherapy, and various combination therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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32
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Xu W, Leskinen J, Tick J, Happonen E, Tarvainen T, Lehto VP. Black Mesoporous Silicon as a Contrast Agent for LED-Based 3D Photoacoustic Tomography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5456-5461. [PMID: 31920072 PMCID: PMC7497618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles have been widely studied in different biomedical imaging modalities due to their several beneficial material properties. However, they have not been found to be suitable for photoacoustic imaging due to their poor photothermal conversion performance. In the present study, biodegradable black mesoporous silicon (BPSi) nanoparticles with strong light absorbance were developed as superior image contrast agents for photoacoustic tomography (PAT), which was realized with a light-emitting diode (LED) instead of the commonly used laser. LED-based PAT offers the advantages of low cost, compactness, good mobility, and easy operation as compared to the traditional laser-based PAT modality. Nevertheless, the poor imaging sensitivity of the LED-PAT systems has been the main barrier to prevent their wide biomedical application because the LED light has low optical energy. The present study demonstrated that the imaging sensitivity of the LED-PAT system was significantly enhanced with the PEGylated BPSi (PEG-BPSi) nanoparticles. The PEG-BPSi nanoparticles were clearly detectable with a low concentration of 0.05 mg/mL in vitro and with an LED radiation energy of 5.2 μJ. The required concentration of the PEG-BPSi nanoparticles was 10 times lesser than that of the reference gold nanoparticles to reach the corresponding level of the imaging contrast. The ex vivo studies demonstrated that the submillimeter BPSi nanoparticle-based absorbers were distinguishable in chicken breast tissues. The strong contrast provided by the BPSi particles indicated that these particles can be utilized as novel contrast agents in PAT, especially in LED-based systems with low light intensity.
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Wang M, Zhao W, Lei S, Zou W, Hu W, Liu H, Guo Z, Ren L, Zhou X, Chen Z. Rational design of MnO nanoparticles assemblies for sensitive magnetic relaxation detection of melamine. Talanta 2020; 208:120359. [PMID: 31816689 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A versatile protocol has been developed for highly sensitive magnetic relaxation detection of the analyte based on the fabrication of MnO nanoparticles (NPs) assemblies. Based on the strategy that positively charged analyte could induce the assembly of negatively charged MnO NPs through electrostatic interaction, which will generate the change of magnetic relaxation rate of MnO NPs, we achieved highly sensitive and convenient detection of the analytes. By applying the detection of melamine as an example, we found that the detection limit can be as low as 0.733 ppb. Furthermore, this strategy has been applied for the initially detection of commercially available milk spiked with melamine as proof of its potential applicability of detection in complicated food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxue Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Lei
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiong Zou
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Huihui Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Product Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Product Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China; Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China; Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, United States.
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Cai Z, Wu C, Yang L, Wang D, Ai H. Assembly-Controlled Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters as MRI Contrast Agents. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2533-2542. [PMID: 33463262 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Fujiang Road 234, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Mo H, Fu C, Wu Z, Liu P, Wen Z, Hong Q, Cai Y, Li G. IL-6-targeted ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for optimized MRI detection of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in rabbits. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15346-15353. [PMID: 35495447 PMCID: PMC9052309 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable plaques of atherosclerosis (AS) are the main culprit lesion for the serious risk of acute cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, developing new non-invasive methods to detect vulnerable plaques and to evaluate their stability effectively is of great value in the early diagnosis of CVD. IL-6 plays a vital role in the development and rupture of AS. In this study, IL-6-targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Anti-IL-6-USPIO) are synthesized by a chemical condensation reaction. An AS model was established by damaging rabbit abdominal aortic intima with Foley's tube in combination with a high cholesterol diet. The results confirm that Anti-IL-6-USPIO have excellent IL-6-targeting ability and usefulness in detecting vulnerable plaques in vitro and in vivo, which may provide a novel, non-invasive strategy for evaluating acute cardiovascular risk or exploiting anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Herein, we report Anti-IL-6-USPIO for detecting IL-6 in inflammatory macrophages and MR imaging vulnerable plaques of atherosclerosis in rabbit, which would provide a novel non-invasive strategy for evaluating acute cardiovascular risk or exploiting anti-atherosclerotic drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Mo
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiye Wu
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Hong
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Cai
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
| | - Gongxin Li
- Department of Cardiology
- Zhujiang Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510280
- People's Republic of China
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Cai X, Zhu Q, Zeng Y, Zeng Q, Chen X, Zhan Y. Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles As MRI Contrast Agents In Tumor Multimodal Imaging And Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8321-8344. [PMID: 31695370 PMCID: PMC6814316 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s218085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast agents (CAs) play a crucial role in high-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. At present, as a result of the Gd-based CAs which are associated with renal fibrosis as well as the inherent dark imaging characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Mn-based CAs which have a good biocompatibility and bright images are considered ideal for MRI. In addition, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs, such as MnO, MnO2, Mn3O4, and MnOx) have attracted attention as T1-weighted magnetic resonance CAs due to the short circulation time of Mn(II) ion chelate and the size-controlled circulation time of colloidal nanoparticles. In this review, recent advances in the use of MONs as MRI contrast agents for tumor detection and diagnosis are reported, as are the advances in in vivo toxicity, distribution and tumor microenvironment-responsive enhanced tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as photothermal and photodynamic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Wang XM, Guo PF, Hu ZJ, Chen ML, Wang JH. DMSA-Functionalized Mesoporous Alumina with a High Capacity for Selective Isolation of Immunoglobulin G. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36286-36295. [PMID: 31491081 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel dimercaptosuccinic acid-functionalized mesoporous alumina (DMSA-MA) is synthesized by the dicarboxylic acid groups of dimercaptosuccinic acid molecules coordinating to the Al3+ ions located in the mesostructure. The as-prepared DMSA-MA composites possess a large surface area of 91.17 m2/g as well as a uniform pore size and a high pore volume of 17.22 nm and 0.23 cm3/g, respectively. DMSA coating of mesostructures significantly enhanced their selectivity for glycoprotein adsorption through a powerful hydrophilic binding force, and the maximum adsorption capacity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) can reach 2298.6 mg g-1. The captured IgG could be lightly stripped from the DMSA-MA composites with an elution rate of 98.3% by using 0.5 wt % CTAB solution as the elution reagent. DMSA-MA is further employed as a sorbent for the enrichment of IgG heavy chain and light chain from human serum sample. SDS-PAGE assay results showed the obtained IgG with high purity compared to that of the standard solution of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ming Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Peng-Fei Guo
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Zheng-Jie Hu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
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38
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Liu H, Wang X, Huang Y, Li H, Peng C, Yang H, Li J, Hong H, Lei Z, Zhang X, Li Z. Biocompatible Croconaine Aggregates with Strong 1.2-1.3 μm Absorption for NIR-IIa Photoacoustic Imaging in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30511-30517. [PMID: 31361118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region (1.0-1.7 μm) is admired for deeper penetration and higher contrast, few organic NIR-II absorbers are available as exogenous contrast agents in vivo. A1094 belongs to the very few ∼1.1 μm absorbing croconaine dyes that have superior extinction coefficient and tend to form irregular aggregation. In this study, shape-controlled A1094@DSPE-PEG2000 micelles with a J-aggregate core with remarkable 1.2-1.3 μm absorption are fabricated as biocompatible organic agents. Excellent capabilities in photothermal conversion, photostability, and PAI are found in in vitro studies. In vivo PAI of inguinal lymph nodes and in situ glioma pre- and post-resection, all demonstrate high lymph/tumor-targeting efficiency. An ∼4.54 mm deep brain lesion is imaged at 1200 nm with minimized background and increased contrast compared to 970 nm. Overall, we achieved significant bathochromic shift of organic absorbers and expanded their PAI application to the long-wavelength end of the NIR-IIa region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang 050051 , China
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A literature review on multimodality molecular imaging nanoprobes for cancer detection. POLISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Molecular imaging techniques using nanoparticles have significant potential to be widely used for the detection of various types of cancers. Nowadays, there has been an increased focus on developing novel nanoprobes as molecular imaging contrast enhancement agents in nanobiomedicine. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the use of a variety of nanoprobes and their current achievements in accurate cancer imaging and effective treatment. Nanoprobes are rapidly becoming potential tools for cancer diagnosis by using novel molecular imaging modalities such as Ultrasound (US) imaging, Computerized Tomography (CT), Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Optical Imaging. These imaging modalities may facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis and staging the most of cancers.
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Pellico J, Ellis CM, Davis JJ. Nanoparticle-Based Paramagnetic Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:1845637. [PMID: 31191182 PMCID: PMC6525923 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1845637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging modality that is routinely used in clinics, providing anatomical information with micron resolution, soft tissue contrast, and deep penetration. Exogenous contrast agents increase image contrast by shortening longitudinal (T 1) and transversal (T 2) relaxation times. Most of the T 1 agents used in clinical MRI are based on paramagnetic lanthanide complexes (largely Gd-based). In moving to translatable formats of reduced toxicity, greater chemical stability, longer circulation times, higher contrast, more controlled functionalisation and additional imaging modalities, considerable effort has been applied to the development of nanoparticles bearing paramagnetic ions. This review summarises the most relevant examples in the synthesis and biomedical applications of paramagnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents for MRI and multimodal imaging. It includes the most recent developments in the field of production of agents with high relaxivities, which are key for effective contrast enhancement, exemplified through clinically relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Connor M. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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Wang Z, Yu N, Yu W, Xu H, Li X, Li M, Peng C, Wang Q, Zhu M, Chen Z. In situ growth of Au nanoparticles on natural melanin as biocompatible and multifunctional nanoagent for efficient tumor theranostics. J Mater Chem B 2018; 7:133-142. [PMID: 32254957 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural melanin has been demonstrated to be a biocompatible and efficient nanoagent for the photothermal ablation of tumors, but their practical applications are limited due to their lack of typical imaging functions (CT, MRI, etc.). Thus, to achieve multifunctional melanin-based nanoagents for imaging-guided therapy, for the first time, herein, we report the in situ growth of Au nanoparticles on natural melanin as a model through a simple and safe method. The as-synthesized samples are composed of melanin nanoparticles (diameter: ∼120 nm) whose surface are decorated by small Au nanoparticles with an adjustable size ranging from ∼10 to ∼40 nm. These Au-decorated melanin (Au-M) nanocomposites exhibit satisfactory near infrared (NIR) photoabsorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 42.3%. Furthermore, the Au-M nanocomposites have a high X-ray attenuation coefficient and exhibit excellent biocompatibility. When the Au-M solutions were injected into the tumor of a mouse, the tumor could be detected by X-ray computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic (PA) and thermal imaging, and then be thermally ablated under the illumination of an 808 nm laser. Therefore, these Au-M nanocomposites have great potential as a novel multifunctional and biocompatible nanoagent for imaging-guided photothermal tumor ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Zhou X, Lv X, Zhao W, Zhou T, Zhang S, Shi Z, Ye S, Ren L, Chen Z. Porous MnFe2O4-decorated PB nanocomposites: a new theranostic agent for boosted T1/T2 MRI-guided synergistic photothermal/magnetic hyperthermia. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18647-18655. [PMID: 35541095 PMCID: PMC9080558 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports a multifunctional core/shell nanoparticle (NP) that can be used for amplified magnetic resonance image (MRI), enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) and magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) due to its surface coating with a porous shell. Importantly, by means of introducing the surface coating of a porous shell, it helps entrap large quantities of water around NPs and allow more efficient water exchange, leading to greatly improved MR contrast signals. Besides, the porous shell helps the near-infrared (NIR) absorbance of the core, and then the extremely enhanced thermal effect can be obtained under synergistic combination of PTT and MHT. By synthesizing multifunctional porous MnFe2O4/PB as an example, we found that the transversal relaxivity (r2) of MnFe2O4 NPs might improve from 112.11 to 123.46 mM−1 s−1, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) of MnFe2O4/PB nanoparticles reached unprecedented levels of up to 4800 W g−1 compared with the SAR 1182 W g−1 of PTT under an 808 nm laser and 180 W g−1 of MHT under an external AC magnetic field. Meanwhile, when MnFe2O4 was decorated on PB nanoparticles, the magnetic properties became lower slightly, but the synergistic photothermal/magnetic hyperthermia conversion was enhanced greatly. Subsequently, in vitro T1–T2 dual-modal MRI, PTT and MHT results verified that MnFe2O4/PB could serve as an excellent MRI/PTT/MHT theranostic agent. Furthermore, the MnFe2O4/PB NPs were applied as a T1–T2 dual-modal MRI, PTT and MHT theranostic agent for in vivo MRI-guided photothermal and magnetic hyperthermia ablation of tumors by intratumoral injection in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The T1–T2 dual-modal MR imaging result shows a significantly contrast in the tumor site. The MPB-mediated PTT and MHT result shows high therapeutic efficiency as a result of high photothermal and magnetic hyperthermia conversion efficiency. The multifunctional NPs have a great potential application for future clinical tumorous diagnosis and treatment. We synthesized a new theranostic agent of porous MnFe2O4-decorated PB nanocomposites for boosted T1/T2 MRI-guided synergistic photothermal/magnetic hyperthermia.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province University/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering Technology of Xiamen
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Xiaolin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province University/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering Technology of Xiamen
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province University/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering Technology of Xiamen
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Department of Electronic Science
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province University/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering Technology of Xiamen
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Shefang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province University/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering Technology of Xiamen
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Lei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province University/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering Technology of Xiamen
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Electronic Science
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
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Feng Q, Xu Y, Hu B, An L, Lin J, Tian Q, Yang S. A smart off–on copper sulfide photoacoustic imaging agent based on amorphous–crystalline transition for cancer imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10962-10965. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06736h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By exploiting the amorphous–crystalline transition of CuS, which results in greatly increased absorption throughout the entire near-infrared region, a novel smart off–on CuS photoacoustic imaging agent with good photostability and low cost is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine
- Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine
- Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Lu An
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Jiaomin Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Qiwei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
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