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Srivastava A, Kumar G, Kumar P, Srikrishna S, Chandra P, Singh VP. Thiazole-Based Silver Ion Sensor for Sequential Colorimetric Visualization of Epinephrine in the Brain Tissues of an Alzheimer's Disease Model of Mouse. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:3271-3282. [PMID: 38654595 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A thiazole-based probe, N'-((2-aminothiazol-5-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide (TBH), has been efficiently synthesized and characterized for the selective and sensitive detection of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (EP). The sensing strategy is based on the use of TBH for sequential colorimetric sensing of Ag+ and EP via in situ formation of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from the TBH-Ag+ complex. The generated Ag NPs lead to a bathochromic shift in absorption maximum and a change in color of the solution from light brown to reddish brown. TBH-Ag+ shows remarkable selectivity toward EP versus other drugs, common cations, anions, and some biomolecules. Moreover, TBH-Ag+ has a low detection limit for EP at 1.2 nM. The coordination of TBH-Ag+ has been proposed based on Job's plot, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1H NMR titration, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and density functional theory (DFT) studies. The composition and morphology of the generated Ag NPs have been analyzed by XPS, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The proposed sensing mechanism for EP has been supported by XPS of Ag after the reaction. Further, the sensitivity of TBH-Ag+ toward EP in brain tissues of an Alzheimer's disease model of mouse has been evaluated. A thorough comparison was done for evaluation of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vinod P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Watkins Z, McHenry A, Heikenfeld J. Wearing the Lab: Advances and Challenges in Skin-Interfaced Systems for Continuous Biochemical Sensing. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2024. [PMID: 38273210 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Continuous, on-demand, and, most importantly, contextual data regarding individual biomarker concentrations exemplify the holy grail for personalized health and performance monitoring. This is well-illustrated for continuous glucose monitoring, which has drastically improved outcomes and quality of life for diabetic patients over the past 2 decades. Recent advances in wearable biosensing technologies (biorecognition elements, transduction mechanisms, materials, and integration schemes) have begun to make monitoring of other clinically relevant analytes a reality via minimally invasive skin-interfaced devices. However, several challenges concerning sensitivity, specificity, calibration, sensor longevity, and overall device lifetime must be addressed before these systems can be made commercially viable. In this chapter, a logical framework for developing a wearable skin-interfaced device for a desired application is proposed with careful consideration of the feasibility of monitoring certain analytes in sweat and interstitial fluid and the current development of the tools available to do so. Specifically, we focus on recent advancements in the engineering of biorecognition elements, the development of more robust signal transduction mechanisms, and novel integration schemes that allow for continuous quantitative analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the most compelling and promising prospects in the field of wearable biosensing and the challenges that remain in translating these technologies into useful products for disease management and for optimizing human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Watkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Adam McHenry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Economou A, Kokkinos C, Bousiakou L, Hianik T. Paper-Based Aptasensors: Working Principles, Detection Modes, and Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7786. [PMID: 37765843 PMCID: PMC10536119 DOI: 10.3390/s23187786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are short oligonucleotides designed to possess high binding affinity towards specific target compounds (ions, molecules, or cells). Due to their function and unique advantages, aptamers are considered viable alternatives to antibodies as biorecognition elements in bioassays and biosensors. On the other hand, paper-based devices (PADs) have emerged as a promising and powerful technology for the fabrication of low-cost analytical tools, mainly intended for on-site and point-of-care applications. The present work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of paper-based aptasensors. The review describes the fabrication methods and working principles of paper-based devices, the properties of aptamers as bioreceptors, the different modes of detection used in conjunction with aptasensing PADs, and representative applications for the detection of ions, small molecules, proteins, and cells. The future challenges and prospects of these devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Economou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Kokkinos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Leda Bousiakou
- IMD Laboratories Co., R&D Section, Lefkippos Technology Park, National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, P.O. Box 60037, 15130 Athens, Greece;
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Fredj Z, Wang P, Ullah F, Sawan M. A nanoplatform-based aptasensor to electrochemically detect epinephrine produced by living cells. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:343. [PMID: 37540351 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel aptasensor has been designed for quantitative monitoring of epinephrine (EP) based on cerium metal-organic framework (CeMOF) loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The aptamer, specific to EP, is immobilized on a flexible screen-printed electrode modified with AuNPs@CeMOF, enabling highly selective binding to the target biomolecule. Under optimized operational conditions, the peak currents using voltammetric detection measured at voltage of 83 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) for epinephrine exhibit a linear increase within concentration in the range 1 pM-10 nM. Following this detection strategy, a boasted limit of detection of 0.3 pM was achieved, surpassing the sensitivity of most reported methods. The developed biosensor showcased exceptional performance in detection of EP in spiked serum sample, with remarkable recovery range of 95.8-113% and precision reflected by low relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 2.23 to 6.19%. These results indicate the potential utility of this biosensor as a valuable clinical diagnostic tool. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were carried out using the presented biosensor to monitor the release of epinephrine from PC12 cells upon extracellular stimulation with K+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Fredj
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Fateh Ullah
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
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Ali S, Sikdar S, Basak S, Haydar MS, Mallick K, Mondal M, Roy D, Ghosh S, Sahu S, Paul P, Roy MN. Label-Free Detection of Epinephrine Using Flower-like Biomimetic CuS Antioxidant Nanozymes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11291-11303. [PMID: 37432268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A biosensor comprising crystalline CuS nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized via a one-step simple coprecipitation route without involvement of a surfactant. The powder X-ray diffraction method has been used to evaluate the crystalline nature and different phases consist of the formation of CuS NPs. Mainly hexagonal unit cells consist of the formation of CuS NP unit cells. Most of the surfaces are covered with rhombohedral microparticles with a smooth exterior and surface clustering, examined by SEM images, and the shape of NPs was spherical, having an average size of 23 nm, as confirmed by TEM analysis. This study has focused on the peroxidase-mimicking activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimicking activity, and chemosensor-based colorimetric determination and detection of epinephrine (EP) neurotransmitters with excellent selectivity. The CuS NPs catalyzed the oxidation of the oxidase substrate 3, 3-5, 5 tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) with the help of supplementary H2O2 that followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with excellent Km and Vmax values calculated by the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Taking advantage of the drop in absorbance upon introduction of EP for the CuS NPs-TMB/H2O2 system, a colorimetric route has been developed for selective and real-time detection of EP. The sensitivity of the new colorimetric probe was vibrant, having a linear range of 0-16 μM, and achieved a low limit of detection of 457 nM. Moreover, the present nanosystem exhibited appreciable SOD-mimicking activity which could effectively remove O2•- from commercial cigarette smoke, along with it acting as a potential radical scavenger as well. The new nanosystem effectively scavenged •OH, O2.-, and metal chelation which were investigated calorimetrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Suranjan Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree College at Kushmandi, Dakshin Dinajpur, Kushmandi 733121, India
| | - Shatarupa Basak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Md Salman Haydar
- Nanobiology and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Kangkan Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Modhusudan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Shibaji Ghosh
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak 484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
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Chingarande RG, Tian K, Kuang Y, Sarangee A, Hou C, Ma E, Ren J, Hawkins S, Kim J, Adelstein R, Chen S, Gillis KD, Gu LQ. Real-time label-free detection of dynamic aptamer-small molecule interactions using a nanopore nucleic acid conformational sensor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2108118120. [PMID: 37276386 PMCID: PMC10268594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids can undergo conformational changes upon binding small molecules. These conformational changes can be exploited to develop new therapeutic strategies through control of gene expression or triggering of cellular responses and can also be used to develop sensors for small molecules such as neurotransmitters. Many analytical approaches can detect dynamic conformational change of nucleic acids, but they need labeling, are expensive, and have limited time resolution. The nanopore approach can provide a conformational snapshot for each nucleic acid molecule detected, but has not been reported to detect dynamic nucleic acid conformational change in response to small -molecule binding. Here we demonstrate a modular, label-free, nucleic acid-docked nanopore capable of revealing time-resolved, small molecule-induced, single nucleic acid molecule conformational transitions with millisecond resolution. By using the dopamine-, serotonin-, and theophylline-binding aptamers as testbeds, we found that these nucleic acids scaffolds can be noncovalently docked inside the MspA protein pore by a cluster of site-specific charged residues. This docking mechanism enables the ion current through the pore to characteristically vary as the aptamer undergoes conformational changes, resulting in a sequence of current fluctuations that report binding and release of single ligand molecules from the aptamer. This nanopore tool can quantify specific ligands such as neurotransmitters, elucidate nucleic acid-ligand interactions, and pinpoint the nucleic acid motifs for ligand binding, showing the potential for small molecule biosensing, drug discovery assayed via RNA and DNA conformational changes, and the design of artificial riboswitch effectors in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugare G. Chingarande
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Kai Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Yu Kuang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Aby Sarangee
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Chengrui Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Emily Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Jarett Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Sam Hawkins
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Joshua Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Ray Adelstein
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Sally Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Kevin D. Gillis
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Li-Qun Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
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Hu Z, Li Y, Figueroa-Miranda G, Musal S, Li H, Martínez-Roque MA, Hu Q, Feng L, Mayer D, Offenhäusser A. Aptamer based biosensor platforms for neurotransmitters analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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8
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Negi DP. Recent developments in the colorimetric sensing of biological molecules using gold nanoparticles-based probes. Talanta Open 2022; 6:100122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Sipuka D, Arotiba O, Sebokolodi T, Tsekeli T, Nkosi D. Gold‐ dendrimer nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for dopamine. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimpo Sipuka
- University of Johannesburg - Doornfontein Campus SOUTH AFRICA
| | | | | | | | - Duduzile Nkosi
- University of Johannesburg - Doornfontein Campus SOUTH AFRICA
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10
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Sipuka DS, Sebokolodi TI, Olorundare FOG, Muzenda C, Nkwachukwu OV, Nkosi D, Arotiba OA. Electrochemical Sensing of Epinephrine on a Carbon Nanofibers and Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y). [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Parambath JBM, Kanu GA, Abu Odeh RO, Kim S, Han C, Mohamed AA. Single-Stranded DNA Recognition over Fluorescent Gold-Aryl Nanoparticles. Colloids and Interfaces 2022; 6:42. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence labeling of gold-aryl nanoparticles, AuNPs-COOH, was achieved by the covalent derivatization with dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) reagent (5-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride) for potential ssDNA recognition. The fluorescent gold nanoparticles of AuNPs-C6H4-4-COO-dansyl (AuNPs-DNS) of spherical shape and a size of 19.3 ± 8.3 nm were synthesized in a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH = 10.6) at 37 °C. The fluorescence emission at 475 nm was acquired using fluorescence spectroscopy and investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence. The conjugation of ssDNA to AuNPs-DNS using the freeze-thaw and salt-aging methods was confirmed by fluorescence emission quenching, gel electrophoresis separation, and lifetime decrease. Conjugated ssDNA to AuNPs-DNS using the freeze-thaw method was more efficient than the salt-aging method. The purity of ssDNA upon conjugation was measured with optical density, and the obtained A260/A280 ratio was in the range of 1.7–2.0. This research can be applied to other nucleotide recognition and theranostics.
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Le TN, Le XA, Tran TD, Lee KJ, Kim MI. Laccase-mimicking Mn-Cu hybrid nanoflowers for paper-based visual detection of phenolic neurotransmitters and rapid degradation of dyes. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:358. [PMID: 35918697 PMCID: PMC9344716 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laccase-based biosensors are efficient for detecting phenolic compounds. However, the instability and high cost of laccases have hindered their practical utilization. Results In this study, we developed hierarchical manganese dioxide–copper phosphate hybrid nanoflowers (H–Mn–Cu NFs) as excellent laccase-mimicking nanozymes. To synthesize the H–Mn–Cu NFs, manganese dioxide nanoflowers (MnO2 NFs) were first synthesized by rapidly reducing potassium permanganate using citric acid. The MnO2 NFs were then functionalized with amine groups, followed by incubation with copper sulfate for three days at room temperature to drive the coordination interaction between the amine moieties and copper ions and to induce anisotropic growth of the petals composed of copper phosphate crystals, consequently yielding H–Mn–Cu NFs. Compared with those of free laccase, at the same mass concentration, H–Mn–Cu NFs exhibited lower Km (~ 85%) and considerably higher Vmax (~ 400%), as well as significantly enhanced stability in the ranges of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and incubation periods evaluated. H–Mn–Cu NFs also catalyzed the decolorization of diverse dyes considerably faster than the free laccase. Based on these advantageous features, a paper microfluidic device incorporating H–Mn–Cu NFs was constructed for the convenient visual detection of phenolic neurotransmitters, including dopamine and epinephrine. The device enabled rapid and sensitive quantification of target neurotransmitters using an image acquired using a smartphone. Conclusions These results clearly show that H–Mn–Cu NFs could be potential candidates to replace natural laccases for a wide range of applications in biosensing, environmental protection, and biotechnology. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01560-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nguyen Le
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan Ai Le
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Duc Tran
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Jin Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Yang C, Ma C, Zhang Y, Tang J. Synthesis of three-dimensional laccase-Cu3(PO4)2⋅3H2O microflowers via biomineralization for UV–vis epinephrine biosensing. Microchem J 2022; 172:106911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Fu X, Gou M, Zhang Y, Su H, Zhao H, Liu C, Han J. Simultaneous and visual detection of multiple dopes by an aptamer/AuNPs sensor. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through introducing multiple aptamers in a suitable ratio, we achieved the simultaneous and visual detection of three dopes in one sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuancheng Fu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Anti-Doping in China, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miaomiao Gou
- The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Su
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Anti-Doping in China, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Ozturk M, Nilsen-Hamilton M, Ilgu M. Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1260. [PMID: 34959661 PMCID: PMC8709198 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Ozturk
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.O.); (M.N.-H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Marit Nilsen-Hamilton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.O.); (M.N.-H.)
- Ames Laboratory, US DOE (United States Department of Energy), Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - Muslum Ilgu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.O.); (M.N.-H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Ames Laboratory, US DOE (United States Department of Energy), Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Yang C, Ma C, Tang J. A smartphone-assisted portable biosensor using laccase-mineral hybrid microflowers for colorimetric determination of epinephrine. Talanta 2021; 224:121840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Ming T, Luo J, Liu J, Sun S, Xing Y, Wang H, Xiao G, Deng Y, Cheng Y, Yang Z, Jin H, Cai X. Paper-based microfluidic aptasensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112649. [PMID: 33022516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For in-situ disease markers detection, point-of-care (POC) diagnosis has great advantages in speed and cost compared with traditional techniques. The rapid diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance of diseases can significantly reduce disease-related mortality and trauma. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to the POC diagnosis devices due to their excellent diagnosis speed and portability. Over the past ten years, paper-based microfluidic aptasensors have emerged as a class of critical POC diagnosis devices and various aptasensors have been proposed to detect various disease markers. However, most aptasensors need further improvement before they can actually enter the market and be widely used. There is thus an urgent need to sort out the key points of preparing the aptasensors and the direction that needs to be invested in. This review summarizes the representative articles in the development of paper-based microfluidic aptasensors. These works can be divided into paper-based optical aptasensors and paper-based electrochemical aptasensors according to their output signals. Significant focus is applied to these works according to the following three parts: (1) The ingenious design of device structure; (2) Application and synthesis of nanomaterial; (3) The detection principle of the proposed aptasensor. This is a detailed and comprehensive review of paper-based microfluidic aptasensors. The accomplishments and shortcomings of the current aptasensors are outlined, the development direction and the future prospective are given. It is hoped that the research in this review can provide a reference for further development of more advanced, more effective paper-based microfluidic aptasensors for POC disease markers diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ming
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jinping Luo
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Juntao Liu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yu Xing
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yu Deng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyan Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Xinxia Cai
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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18
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Alizadeh N, Ghasemi S, Salimi A, Sham TK, Hallaj R. CuO nanorods as a laccase mimicking enzyme for highly sensitive colorimetric and electrochemical dual biosensor: Application in living cell epinephrine analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111228. [PMID: 32668372 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive colorimetric and electrochemical sensor for measuring of epinephrine (EP) was developed based on CuO nanorods (NRs), and applicability of the sensor for detection of release epinephrine (EP) from living cells was evaluated. The CuO NRs was prepared using a facile and efficient method in low temperature and characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The CuO NRs exhibited laccase-like activity and could oxidize epinephrine (EP) to a colored product. No interference from the common interfering agents such as dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid was observed. Colorimetric sensor demonstrated a linear range of 0.6-18 μM with detection limit of 0.31 μM. Furthermore, the electrochemical study showed CuO NRs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards epinephrine oxidation. Differential pulse voltammetry signals increase with increasing of EP concentration in the range 0.04-14 μM, with a detection limit of 20 nM. Finally, the proposed sensor applied to perform real-time monitoring of epinephrine released by PC12 cells, indicating that CuO NRs provide a new platform for developing high-performance sensors in biological applications.
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19
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Huang Q, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Liu F, Peng J. Au Quantum Dot/Nickel Tetraminophthalocyanaine-Graphene Oxide-Based Photoelectrochemical Microsensor for Ultrasensitive Epinephrine Detection. ACS Omega 2020; 5:8423-8431. [PMID: 32337404 PMCID: PMC7178368 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the importance of epinephrine as a neurotransmitter and hormone, sensitive methods are required for its detection. We have developed a sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) microsensor based on gold quantum dots (Au QDs) decorated on a nickel tetraminophthalocyanine-graphene oxide (NiTAPc-Gr) composite. NiTAPc was covalently attached to the surface of graphene oxide to prepare NiTAPc-Gr, which exhibits remarkable stability and PEC performance. In situ growth of Au QDs on the NiTAPc-Gr surface was achieved using chemical reduction at room temperature. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Au QDs@NiTAPc-Gr provided a much greater photocurrent than NiTAPc-Gr, making it suitable for the ultrasensitive PEC detection of epinephrine. The proposed PEC strategy exhibited a wide linear range of 0.12-243.9 nM with a low detection limit of 17.9 pM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the fabricated PEC sensor showed excellent sensitivity, remarkable stability, and good selectivity. This simple, fast, and low-cost strategy was successfully applied to the analysis of human serum samples, indicating the potential of this method for clinical detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal
University for Nationalities, Chongzuo 532200, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities, Chongzuo 532200, China
| | - Cuizhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal
University for Nationalities, Chongzuo 532200, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal
University for Nationalities, Chongzuo 532200, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal
University for Nationalities, Chongzuo 532200, China
| | - Jinyun Peng
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal
University for Nationalities, Chongzuo 532200, China
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20
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Burrola S, Horii M, Gonzalez-Guerrero MJ, Bachman JC, Gomez FA. Production of a NiO/Al primary battery employing powder-based electrodes. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:131-136. [PMID: 31677171 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of aluminum and zinc as anodic materials for a battery employing nickel (II) oxide (NiO) as cathode. Comparison of both materials resulted in the development of a compact, cost effective, and easy to use primary NiO/Al battery employing an alkaline electrolyte. The system features electrodes composed of powder forms of the active materials on modified paper substrates that are contained in a simple multilayer design utilizing thin laminated plastic materials to provide structure and flexibility to the battery as well as a paper separator. Various concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte were examined and maximum performance was observed at 6 M KOH. A maximum current density and power density of 1.94 mA/cm2 and 1 mW/cm2 , respectively was achieved. This user-friendly device was able to produce a maximum capacity of 2.33 mAh/g when 2 mA/g was applied. This work demonstrates the viability of a paper-based battery featuring powder electrodes as a possible power source for microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Burrola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maya Horii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Frank A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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21
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Saraf N, Villegas M, Willenberg BJ, Seal S. Multiplex Viral Detection Platform Based on a Aptamers-Integrated Microfluidic Channel. ACS Omega 2019; 4:2234-2240. [PMID: 30729227 PMCID: PMC6358057 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic device has been developed for the multiplex detection of viral envelope proteins such as Zika and chikungunya on a single platform using aptamer-analyte interactions. The channel is integrated with microsized pillars that increase the surface area allowing more aptamers to attach to the incoming envelope protein molecules, thus increasing the overall sensitivity of the system. The working of the device depends on the formation of protein-mediated sandwich morphology that is obtained using an aptamer and aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) pair. The colorimetric signal is obtained upon introduction of silver reagents into the channel, which are selectively deposited on the AuNP surface, providing a gray contrast in the testing zone. The microfluidic channel approach successfully detected clinically relevant concentrations of Zika and chikungunya envelope proteins in phosphine-buffered saline (1 pM) and calf blood (100 pM) with high specificity using gold-decorated aptamers integrated in a microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileshi Saraf
- Advanced
Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, and Nanoscience Technology Centre, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Michael Villegas
- University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United
States
| | - Bradley Jay Willenberg
- Advanced
Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, and Nanoscience Technology Centre, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced
Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, and Nanoscience Technology Centre, University
of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
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22
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Bosak A, Saraf N, Willenberg A, Kwan MWC, Alto BW, Jackson GW, Batchelor RH, Nguyen-Huu TD, Sankarapani V, Parks GD, Seal S, Willenberg BJ. Aptamer–gold nanoparticle conjugates for the colorimetric detection of arboviruses and vector mosquito species. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23752-23763. [PMID: 35530619 PMCID: PMC9069491 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The real-time, colorimetric detection of analytes via aptamer–gold nanoparticle technology has proven to be an important, emerging technique within the medical field. Of global health importance, the ability to detect vector mosquito species, such as the Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquito, and transmitted arboviruses, such as Zika virus, is paramount to mosquito control and surveillance efforts. Herein, we describe the detection of Ae. aegypti salivary protein for vector identification and the detection of Zika virus to assess mosquito infection status by aptamer–gold nanoparticle conjugates. Key to optimization of these diagnostics were gold nanoparticle capping agents and aptamer degree of labelling (i.e., the amount of aptamers per gold nanoparticle). In the present study, detection was achieved for as little as 10 ng Ae. aegypti salivary protein and 1.0 × 105 PFU live Zika virus. These aptamer–gold nanoparticle conjugate diagnostics could one day prove to be useful as deployable nano-based biosensors that provide easy-to-read optical read outs through a straightforward red-to-blue colour change either within a diagnostic solution or atop a card/membrane-based biosensor. Colorimetric detection of arboviruses and vector mosquito species. (A) Aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates, (B) mosquito salivary protein, (C) Zika envelope protein, (D) visible color change, (E) imbibed diagnostic and (F) diagnostic cards.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bosak
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Nileshi Saraf
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center
- Nanoscience and Technology Center
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
| | - Alicia Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Michael W. C. Kwan
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
- University of Florida
- IFAS
- Vero Beach
| | | | | | | | | | - Griffith D. Parks
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center
- Nanoscience and Technology Center
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
| | - Bradley Jay Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine
- College of Medicine
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
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23
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Neto APV, Machado DFS, Lopes TO, Camargo AJ, de Oliveira HCB. Explicit Aqueous Solvation Treatment of Epinephrine from Car–Parrinello Molecular Dynamics: Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on the Electronic Absorption Spectrum. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8439-8450. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arsênio P. V. Neto
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel F. Scalabrini Machado
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago O. Lopes
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ademir J. Camargo
- Grupo de Química Teórica de Anápolis (GQTEA), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 75132-903 Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Heibbe C. B. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular (LEEDMOL), Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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24
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Saraf N, Woods ER, Peppler M, Seal S. Highly selective aptamer based organic electrochemical biosensor with pico-level detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:40-46. [PMID: 29885578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An organic aptamer functionalized electrochemical transistor has been developed to detect the presence of epinephrine molecule which acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter. The abnormalities in the level of epinephrine are the direct symptoms of some diseases such as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and other heart related diseases. The present approach is based on immobilization of aptamers on the gate electrode which selectively binds to epinephrine with high affinity. The introduction of epinephrine in the system causes screening of negative charge of aptamers as well as the production of Faradaic current due to oxidation of epinephrine. The synergistic effect of these two events decreases the overall channel current which was seen in both transfer characteristics and current-time curve. Additional experiments against common interfering agents (dopamine, ascorbic acid, DOPAC etc) showed no decrease in the current which indicates high specificity of the sensor. Overall, the incorporation of aptamers in the transistor has allowed us to obtain a sensor exhibiting the lowest limit of detection for epinephrine (90 pM) till date which is comparable to normal physiological level. This approach provides a real-time detection of a large range of biomolecules and viral proteins in a time and cost-effective manner and has applications in point-of-care testing tool for several diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileshi Saraf
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Eric R Woods
- Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Madison Peppler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that act as messengers in the synaptic transmission process. They are essential for human health and any imbalance in their activities can cause serious mental disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, monitoring the concentrations of various neurotransmitters is of great importance in studying and diagnosing such mental illnesses. Recently, many researchers have explored the use of unique materials for developing biosensors for both in vivo and ex vivo neurotransmitter detection. A combination of nanomaterials, polymers, and biomolecules were incorporated to implement such sensor devices. For in vivo detection, electrochemical sensing has been commonly applied, with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry being the most promising technique to date, due to the advantages such as easy miniaturization, simple device architecture, and high sensitivity. However, the main challenges for in vivo electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors are limited target selectivity, large background signal and noise, and device fouling and degradation over time. Therefore, achieving simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitters in real time with long-term stability remains the focus of research. The purpose of this review paper is to summarize the recently developed sensing techniques with the focus on neurotransmitters as the target analyte, and to discuss the outlook of simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitter species. This paper is organized as follows: firstly, the common materials used for developing neurotransmitter sensors are discussed. Secondly, several sensor surface modification approaches to enhance sensing performance are reviewed. Finally, we discuss recent developments in the simultaneous detection capability of multiple neurotransmitters.
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