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Lackner F, Šurina P, Fink J, Kotzbeck P, Kolb D, Stana J, Grab M, Hagl C, Tsilimparis N, Mohan T, Stana Kleinschek K, Kargl R. 4-Axis 3D-Printed Tubular Biomaterials Imitating the Anisotropic Nanofiber Orientation of Porcine Aortae. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302348. [PMID: 37807640 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Many of the peculiar properties of the vasculature are related to the arrangement of anisotropic proteinaceous fibers in vessel walls. Understanding and imitating these arrangements can potentially lead to new therapies for cardiovascular diseases. These can be pre-surgical planning, for which patient-specific ex vivo anatomical models for endograft testing are of interest. Alternatively, therapies can be based on tissue engineering, for which degradable in vitro cell growth substrates are used to culture replacement parts. In both cases, materials are desirable that imitate the biophysical properties of vessels, including their tubular shapes and compliance. This work contributes to these demands by offering methods for the manufacturing of anisotropic 3D-printed nanofibrous tubular structures that have similar biophysical properties as porcine aortae, that are biocompatible, and that allow for controlled nutrient diffusion. Tubes of various sizes with axial, radial, or alternating nanofiber orientation along the blood flow direction are manufactured by a customized method. Blood pressure-resistant, compliant, stable, and cell culture-compatible structures are obtained, that can be degraded in vitro on demand. It is suggested that these healthcare materials can contribute to the next generation of cardiovascular therapies of ex vivo pre-surgical planning or in vitro cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lackner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Paola Šurina
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fink
- COREMED - Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29/4, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- COREMED - Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29/4, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core Unit Ultrastructure Analysis, Medical University Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling Metabolism and Aging, Medical University Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Stana
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Grab
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tsilimparis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 16, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 16, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
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2
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Ferreira FV, Souza AG, Ajdary R, de Souza LP, Lopes JH, Correa DS, Siqueira G, Barud HS, Rosa DDS, Mattoso LH, Rojas OJ. Nanocellulose-based porous materials: Regulation and pathway to commercialization in regenerative medicine. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:151-176. [PMID: 37502678 PMCID: PMC10368849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the recent progress that have led to the development of porous materials based on cellulose nanostructures found in plants and other resources. In light of the properties that emerge from the chemistry, shape and structural control, we discuss some of the most promising uses of a plant-based material, nanocellulose, in regenerative medicine. Following a brief discussion about the fundamental aspects of self-assembly of nanocellulose precursors, we review the key strategies needed for material synthesis and to adjust the architecture of the materials (using three-dimensional printing, freeze-casted porous materials, and electrospinning) according to their uses in tissue engineering, artificial organs, controlled drug delivery and wound healing systems, among others. For this purpose, we map the structure-property-function relationships of nanocellulose-based porous materials and examine the course of actions that are required to translate innovation from the laboratory to industry. Such efforts require attention to regulatory aspects and market pull. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities in this nascent field are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Alana G. Souza
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Lucas P. de Souza
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - João H. Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Sciences (IEF), Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hernane S. Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Derval dos S. Rosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luiz H.C. Mattoso
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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3
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Zhu Q, Zhang Q, Fu DY, Su G. Polysaccharides in contact lenses: From additives to bulk materials. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121003. [PMID: 37321708 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the number of applications has increased, so has the demand for contact lenses comfort. Adding polysaccharides to lenses is a popular way to enhance comfort for wearers. However, this may also compromise some lens properties. It is still unclear how to balance the variation of individual lens parameters in the design of contact lenses containing polysaccharides. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how polysaccharide addition impacts lens wear parameters, such as water content, oxygen permeability, surface wettability, protein deposition, and light transmittance. It also examines how various factors, such as polysaccharide type, molecular weight, amount, and mode of incorporation into lenses modulate these effects. Polysaccharide addition can improve some wear parameters while reducing others depending on the specific conditions. The optimal method, type, and amount of added polysaccharides depend on the trade-off between various lens parameters and wear requirements. Simultaneously, polysaccharide-based contact lenses may be a promising option for biodegradable contact lenses as concerns regarding environmental risks associated with contact lens degradation continue to increase. It is hoped that this review will shed light on the rational use of polysaccharides in contact lenses to make personalized lenses more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ding-Yi Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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4
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Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
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5
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Oliveira AS, Silva JC, Loureiro MV, Marques AC, Kotov NA, Colaço R, Serro AP. Super-Strong Hydrogel Composites Reinforced with PBO Nanofibers for Cartilage Replacement. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200240. [PMID: 36443994 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage replacement materials exhibiting a set of demanding properties such as high water content, high mechanical stiffness, low friction, and excellent biocompatibility are quite difficult to achieve. Here, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) nanofibers are combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form a super-strong structure with a performance that surpasses the vast majority of previously existing hydrogels. PVA-PBO composites with water contents in the 59-76% range exhibit tensile and compressive moduli reaching 20.3 and 4.5 MPa, respectively, and a coefficient of friction below 0.08. Further, they are biocompatible and support the viability of chondrocytes for 1 week, with significant improvements in cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation compared to PVA. The new composites can be safely sterilized by steam heat or gamma radiation without compromising their integrity and overall performance. In addition, they show potential to be used as local delivery platforms for anti-inflammatory drugs. These attractive features make PVA-PBO composites highly competitive engineered materials with remarkable potential for use in the design of load-bearing tissues. Complementary work has also revealed that these composites will be interesting alternatives in other industrial fields where high thermal and mechanical resistance are essential requirements, or which can take advantage of the pH responsiveness functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-511, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - João C Silva
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal.,Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Politécnico de Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Loureiro
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rogério Colaço
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ana P Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-511, Portugal
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6
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Wu J, Wu X, Yang F, Liu X, Meng F, Ma Q, Che Y. Multiply cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanofiber composite ionic conductive hydrogels for strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1119-1128. [PMID: 36414077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Building multiple chemical crosslinks is an effective strategy to improve mechanical properties and to diversify final application of polysaccharide nanoparticles reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) physical hydrogels. In this work, PVA/cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used as composite substrate to fabricate ionic conductive hydrogels for strain sensor. Three types of characteristic crosslinks, including chemical crosslinking via boronic ester covalent bonds only, and with additional metal coordination bonding, as well as coexistence of physical crosslinks via PVA crystallites and aforementioned two kinds of chemical crosslinks, were constructed. The sample with triple crosslinks has superior mechanical strength and resistance to fatigue, and the polydopamine/Fe3+ ratio act as key to tune final performance because double-network structure prefers to form as Fe3+ is superfluous, while dual-crosslink one forms in the case of insufficient Fe3+. As-optimized ionic conductive hydrogel is suitable as strain sensor for probing human motions. This work provides an interesting insight into the network structure and property regulation for PVA/CNF composite hydrogels with multiple crosslinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Wu
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua West Rd., Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiuzhicheng Wu
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua West Rd., Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Fujian Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua West Rd., Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua West Rd., Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Fanjun Meng
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua West Rd., Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Qinglin Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua West Rd., Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Yuju Che
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Wenhua West Rd., Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China.
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7
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Xu J, Jiang Y, Gao L. Synthetic strain-stiffening hydrogels towards mechanical adaptability. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:221-243. [PMID: 36507877 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are made of wet, soft tissues. However, there is only one candidate to simultaneously replicate the mechanical and composition features of load-bearing tissues, that is, strain-stiffening hydrogels. The conventional mechanical match design principle is mostly limited to stiffness matching. However, this strategy cannot sufficiently and necessarily lead to mechanical matching over the whole physiologic deformation period for tissues and damages the tissues over time. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the reported synthetic strain-stiffening hydrogels and particularly focus on the relationship between their structure and performance. Initially, we present a brief introduction on the significance of strain-stiffening hydrogels in mimicking the mechanics of tissues, and then we discuss the qualitative evaluation of the strain-stiffening behaviors to guide the design of materials towards mimicking soft tissue. After distinguishing the mechanical testing methods, we focus on the methods for the preparation of typical strain-stiffening hydrogels based on categories, such as network without strand entanglement, semiflexible network, and anisotropic networks. Subsequently, we discuss the structural evolution of strain-stiffening hydrogels. We hope that this review will serve as an updated introduction and reference for researchers who are interested in exploring strain-stiffening hydrogels as tissue-mimics for addressing the societal needs at various frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yin Jiang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China
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8
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Zhao X, Wang Q, Zhu G, Ma J, Lin N. Size effect of cellulose nanocrystals in cellular internalization and exosome-packaging exocytosis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Nanocellulose-based hydrogels as versatile drug delivery vehicles: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:830-843. [PMID: 36179866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels designed with nanocellulose (i.e. cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and bacterial cellulose (BC)) have significant advantages as drug carriers due to their environmentally-benign features and excellent properties. Nanocellulose hydrogels have been demonstrated to sustainably deliver various kinds of drugs via different routes of administration, in which nanocellulose significantly improves the hydrogel properties and tunes the drug releasing profile. This article comprehensively summarizes the recent research progress on nanocellulose hydrogels in drug delivery. We carefully assessed the gelation methods for nanocellulose hydrogel design and highlighted the influence of nanocellulose on hydrogel properties and drug release behaviors. In particular, it is the first time to summarize the research on nanocellulose hydrogel-based drug carriers regarding specific routes of administration. This work provides a critical review of nanocellulose-based hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles, and also underlines the outlook in this field, with the objective to inspire/prompt future work, especially the practical applications of nanocellulose hydrogels in designing controlled drug delivery systems.
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10
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Bangar SP, Harussani M, Ilyas R, Ashogbon AO, Singh A, Trif M, Jafari SM. Surface modifications of cellulose nanocrystals: Processes, properties, and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Nezhad-Mokhtari P, Asadi N, Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh A, Milani M, Gama M, Ghorbani M, Akbarzadeh A. Honey-Loaded Reinforced Film Based on Bacterial Nanocellulose/Gelatin/Guar Gum as an Effective Antibacterial Wound Dressing. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced by Acetobacter, which has suitable properties for tissue engineering application as a perfect wound dressing, has attracted considerable attention. For this purpose, we successfully developed honey loaded BNC-reinforced gelatin/dialdehyde-modified
guar gum films (H/BNC/Ge/D-GG). Prepared films were studied for their morphological, thermal stability, mechanical, water solubility and degradability properties. The physicochemical properties of the developed films with or without honey loading were studied. The results indicated that by
enhancing the honey content of the film, the degradation behavior, adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells were improved. The films with 15 wt% of honey revealed inhibition activity against S. aureus (13.0±0.1 mm) and E. coli (15.0±1.0 mm) bacteria.
Cell culture results demonstrated that the prepared films had good cytocompatibility. Based on the results, the prepared H/BNC/Ge/D-GG films appear to have high potential for antibacterial wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Nezhad-Mokhtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran
| | - Nahideh Asadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran
| | - Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran
| | - Miguel Gama
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4715057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marjan Ghorbani
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran
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12
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Surendran G, Sherje AP. Cellulose nanofibers and composites: An insight on basics and biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Pradeep HK, Patel DH, Onkarappa HS, Pratiksha CC, Prasanna GD. Role of nanocellulose in industrial and pharmaceutical sectors - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:1038-1047. [PMID: 35364203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural residues serves as the critical component to replace synthetic polymeric materials in the coming future. Agricultural residues can be used to obtain cellulose by delignification followed by bleaching. Further, cellulose is converted into nanocellulose by various methods. Nanocellulose is used in multiple pharmaceutical applications as a polymer in hydrogels, transdermal drug delivery systems, aerogels, wound healing dressing materials, as superdisintegrants in fast dissolving tablets, emulgel, microparticles, gels, foams, thickening agents, stabilizers, cosmetics, medical implants, tissue engineering, liposomes, food and composites, etc. This review provides detailed knowledge about the nature of nanocellulose regarding its high surface area, high polymerization, loading, and binding capacity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients and significance of various applications of nanocellulose. Biocompatible and non-toxic, it makes it an ideal material for applications in the biomedical field. A significant advantage is a biocompatibility, which is non-toxic for many biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Pradeep
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Dipti H Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - H S Onkarappa
- Department of Chemistry, GM Institute of Technology, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - C C Pratiksha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - G D Prasanna
- Department of Physics, Davangere University, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
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Kadir NHA, Mohammad M, Alam M, Torkashvand M, Silvaragi TGB, Gururuloo SL. Utilization of nanocellulose fibers, nanocrystalline cellulose and bacterial cellulose in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PAPER AND WOOD ENGINEERING 2022:409-470. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85835-9.00025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Cellulosic Polymers for Enhancing Drug Bioavailability in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111201. [PMID: 34832983 PMCID: PMC8621906 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major impediments to drug development is low aqueous solubility and thus poor bioavailability, which leads to insufficient clinical utility. Around 70–80% of drugs in the discovery pipeline are suffering from poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, which is a major challenge when one has to develop an ocular drug delivery system. The outer lipid layer, pre-corneal, dynamic, and static ocular barriers limit drug availability to the targeted ocular tissues. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drugs with adequate permeability and limited or no aqueous solubility have been extensively studied for various polymer-based solubility enhancement approaches. The hydrophilic nature of cellulosic polymers and their tunable properties make them the polymers of choice in various solubility-enhancement techniques. This review focuses on various cellulose derivatives, specifically, their role, current status and novel modified cellulosic polymers for enhancing the bioavailability of BCS class II drugs in ocular drug delivery systems.
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Baniasadi H, Madani Z, Ajdary R, Rojas OJ, Seppälä J. Ascorbic acid-loaded polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanofibril hydrogels as precursors for 3D printed materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112424. [PMID: 34702510 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We proposed a simple method to process hydrogels containing polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanofibrils (PVA/CNF) to prepare volumetric architectures by direct ink writing (DIW). The presence of CNF in the aqueous PVA suspensions conferred rheology profiles that were suitable for extrusion and solidification in pre-designed shapes. The viscoelastic behavior of the hybrid inks enabled precise control on processability and shape retention, for instance, as demonstrated in multilayered lattice structures of high fidelity. After lyophilization, the obtained 3D-printed hydrogels presented a very high porosity, with open and interconnected pores, allowing a high-water uptake capacity (up to 1600%). The mechanical strength of the composite 3D-printed materials matched those of soft tissues, opening opportunities for skin applications. As such, drug-loaded samples revealed a controlled and efficient delivery of an antioxidant (ascorbic acid) in PBS buffer media at 23 °C (~80% for 8 h). Altogether, PVA/CNF hydrogels were introduced as suitable precursors of 3D-lattice geometries with excellent physical and mechanical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahraalsadat Madani
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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Zhang C, Xie Q, Cha R, Ding L, Jia L, Mou L, Cheng S, Wang N, Li Z, Sun Y, Cui C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Jiang X. Anticoagulant Hydrogel Tubes with Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) Sheaths for Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100839. [PMID: 34218526 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter < 6 mm) are useful in treating cardiovascular diseases. The off-the-shelf small-diameter vascular grafts for clinical applications remain a great limitation owing to their thrombogenicity or intimal hyperplasia. Herein, bilayer anticoagulant hydrogel tubes with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) sheaths are prepared by freeze-thawing and electrospinning, which contain nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-heparin/poly-L-lysine nanoparticles tube as an inner layer and PCL sheath as an outer layer. The structure, anticoagulant property, and biocompatibility of the inner layer are studied. The effects of thickness of the outer layer on perfusion performance and mechanical property of hydrogel tubes with PCL sheaths (PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes) are investigated. The effect of compliance of PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes on their blood flow is studied by numerical simulation. The tissue compatibility and the patency of PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes are evaluated by implantation in subcutaneous tissue of rats and carotid artery of rabbits. PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes have prominent anticoagulation, sufficient burst pressure and good compliance similar to native arteries. PCL-NFC/PVA-NPs tubes facilitate infiltration of host cells and achieve active proliferation of recruited cells, which will be a promising candidate for small-diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qian Xie
- Division of Nephrology Peking University Third Hospital No. 49 Huayuan Road North, Haidian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Liujun Jia
- Animal Experimental Center Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Lei Mou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Nuoxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zulan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Chuanjue Cui
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College No. 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral Materials School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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Ding L, Chen L, Hu L, Feng X, Mao Z, Xu H, Wang B, Sui X. Self-healing and acidochromic polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel reinforced by regenerated cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117331. [PMID: 33436174 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, integration of self-healing, color-tunable, sol-gel converted properties into hydrogel has attracted interest for preparing a reinforced multifunctional hydrogel. Herein, acidochromic regenerated cellulose (ARC) was incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol/borax (PB) matrix for constructing a tough, self-healing, multicolor and sol-gel converted smart hydrogel (PB/ARC). The mechanical properties of PB/ARC hydrogel were improved after introducing ARC, which could bear a weight of 200 g and had high maximum tensile strength (6.8 times) and compressive strength (2.3 times). PB/ARC hydrogel automatically fused within 15 s after being cut and quickly recovered to the original state after being subjected to high shear strain, showing excellent self-healing ability. The color of hydrogel could be tuned between yellow and purple by altering pH values (5-12). In addition, PB/ARC hydrogel exhibited reversible sol-gel conversion in response to the change of acidity and alkalinity. This study offers a new and facile strategy for developing multifunctional smart hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Lecheng Hu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Feng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Bijia Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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Heise K, Kontturi E, Allahverdiyeva Y, Tammelin T, Linder MB, Ikkala O. Nanocellulose: Recent Fundamental Advances and Emerging Biological and Biomimicking Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004349. [PMID: 33289188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the effort toward sustainable advanced functional materials, nanocelluloses have attracted extensive recent attention. Nanocelluloses range from rod-like highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to longer and more entangled cellulose nanofibers, earlier denoted also as microfibrillated celluloses and bacterial cellulose. In recent years, they have spurred research toward a wide range of applications, ranging from nanocomposites, viscosity modifiers, films, barrier layers, fibers, structural color, gels, aerogels and foams, and energy applications, until filtering membranes, to name a few. Still, nanocelluloses continue to show surprisingly high challenges to master their interactions and tailorability to allow well-controlled assemblies for functional materials. Rather than trying to review the already extensive nanocellulose literature at large, here selected aspects of the recent progress are the focus. Water interactions, which are central for processing for the functional properties, are discussed first. Then advanced hybrid gels toward (multi)stimuli responses, shape-memory materials, self-healing, adhesion and gluing, biological scaffolding, and forensic applications are discussed. Finally, composite fibers are discussed, as well as nanocellulose as a strategy for improvement of photosynthesis-based chemicals production. In summary, selected perspectives toward new directions for sustainable high-tech functional materials science based on nanocelluloses are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
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Process Optimization of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Cellulose Nanofiber Bionanocomposites in Triple Screw Kneading Extruder by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194498. [PMID: 33008017 PMCID: PMC7582604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of nanocellulose could improve wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for an artificial joint application. Yet, the extremely high melt viscosity of the polymer may constrict the mixing, leading to fillers agglomeration and poor mechanical properties. This study optimized the processing condition of UHMWPE/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) bionanocomposite fabrication in triple screw kneading extruder by using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of the process parameters-temperature (150-190 °C), rotational speed (30-60 rpm), and mixing time (30-45 min)-on mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites was investigated. Homogenous filler distribution, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis, was obtained through the optimal processing condition of 150 °C, 60 rpm, and 45 min. The UHMWPE/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited improved mechanical properties in terms of Young's and flexural modulus by 11% and 19%, respectively, as compared to neat UHMWPE. An insignificant effect was observed when maleic anhydride-grafted-polyethylene (MAPE) was added as compatibilizer. The obtained results proved that homogenous compounding of high melt viscosity UHMWPE with CNF was feasible by optimizing the melt blending processing condition in triple screw kneading extruder, which resulted in improved stiffness, a contributing factor for wear resistance.
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Cellulose Nanofibers and Other Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications. A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are materials synthesised or derived from natural sources, such as plants, animals, microorganisms or any other living organism. The use of these polymers has grown significantly in recent years as industry shifts away from unsustainable fossil fuel resources and looks towards a softer and more sustainable environmental approach. This review article covers the main classes of biopolymers: Polysaccharides, proteins, microbial-derived and lignin. In addition, an overview of the leading biomedical applications of biopolymers is also provided, which includes tissue engineering, medical implants, wound dressings, and the delivery of bioactive molecules. The future clinical applications of biopolymers are vast, due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. All properties which their synthetic counterparts do not share.
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Wang Z, Lü S, Liu Y, Li T, Yan J, Bai X, Ni B, Yang J, Liu M. Noncovalent Muscle-Inspired Hydrogel with Rapid Recovery and Antifatigue Property under Cyclic Stress. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31393-31401. [PMID: 31369227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Designing muscle-inspired hydrogels that possess structure and bioactivity similar to muscles is an eternal pursuit in material sciences and tissue engineering. However, the development of a muscle-inspired hydrogel via the formation of noncovalent interactions remains challenging, and its application in sustained loading situations such as cyclic stresses is limited. Herein, H-bonds and microcrystalline domains were introduced, and a noncovalent muscle-inspired hydrogel was developed to mimic both the physical structure and functionality of muscles at the macroscopic level. The hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties (a fracture strength of 2.16 ± 0.08 MPa, fracture strain of 830 ± 23%, elastic modulus of 275 ± 9 KPa, and toughness of 7.04 ± 0.80 MJ/m3), a large energy dissipation (2.00 ± 0.27 MJ/m3 at 600% elongation), and a rapid self-recovery (92 ± 1% toughness recovery within 20 min). Antifatigue behavior of the muscle-inspired hydrogel was observed upon successive tensile and compressive cyclic loadings. Under 100 cycles of loadings, the robustness of the hydrogel has been maintained and even improved, which are achieved due to strain-induced orientation. Furthermore, the hydrogel was found to be self-healed. This hydrogel promises to be among the most relevant drivers for the development of new-generation muscle-inspired hydrogels in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Boli Ni
- Gansu Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd. , Lanzhou 730050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
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Tummala GK, Lopes VR, Mihranyan A, Ferraz N. Biocompatibility of Nanocellulose-Reinforced PVA Hydrogel with Human Corneal Epithelial Cells for Ophthalmic Applications. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E35. [PMID: 31375008 PMCID: PMC6787653 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent composite hydrogel in the form of a contact lens made from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was subjected to in vitro biocompatibility evaluation with human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-2 cells). The cell response to direct contact with the hydrogels was investigated by placing the samples on top of confluent cell layers and evaluating cell viability, morphology, and cell layer integrity subsequent to 24 h culture and removal of the hydrogels. To further characterize the lens-cell interactions, HCE-2 cells were seeded on the hydrogels, with and without simulated tear fluid (STF) pre-conditioning, and cell viability and morphology were evaluated. Furthermore, protein adsorption on the hydrogel surface was investigated by incubating the materials with STF, followed by protein elution and quantification. The hydrogel material was found to have affinity towards protein adsorption, most probably due to the interactions between the positively charged lysozyme and the negatively charged CNCs embedded in the PVA matrix. The direct contact experiment demonstrated that the physical presence of the lenses did not affect corneal epithelial cell monolayers in terms of integrity nor cell metabolic activity. Moreover, it was found that viable corneal cells adhered to the hydrogel, showing the typical morphology of epithelial cells and that such response was not influenced by the STF pre-conditioning of the hydrogel surface. The results of the study confirm that PVA-CNC hydrogel is a promising ophthalmic biomaterial, motivating future in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Krishna Tummala
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viviana R Lopes
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Advances in tissue engineering of nanocellulose-based scaffolds: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115144. [PMID: 31472870 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds based on nanocellulose (NC) have crucial applications in tissue engineering (TE) owing to the biocompatibility, water absorption, water retention, optical transparency, and chemo-mechanical properties. In this review, we summarize the scaffolds based on nanocellulose, including nanocrystalline cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose. We compare four representative methods to prepare NC-based scaffolds, containing electrospinning, freeze-drying, 3D printing, and solvent casting. We outline the characteristics of scaffolds obtained by different methods. Our focus is on the applications of NC-based scaffolds to repair, improve or replace damaged tissues and organs, including skin, blood vessel, nerve, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and ophthalmology. NC-based scaffolds are attractive materials for regeneration of different tissues and organs due to the remarkable features. Finally, we propose the challenges and potentials of NC-based TE scaffolds.
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Yin J, Hou J, Huang S, Li N, Zhong M, Zhang Z, Geng Y, Ding B, Chen Y, Duan Y, Zhang J. Effect of surface chemistry on the dispersion and pH-responsiveness of chitin nanofibers/ natural rubber latex nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:555-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Influence of nanocellulose on mechanics and morphology of polyvinyl alcohol xerogels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 90:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bacakova L, Pajorova J, Bacakova M, Skogberg A, Kallio P, Kolarova K, Svorcik V. Versatile Application of Nanocellulose: From Industry to Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020164. [PMID: 30699947 PMCID: PMC6410160 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is cellulose in the form of nanostructures, i.e., features not exceeding 100 nm at least in one dimension. These nanostructures include nanofibrils, found in bacterial cellulose; nanofibers, present particularly in electrospun matrices; and nanowhiskers, nanocrystals, nanorods, and nanoballs. These structures can be further assembled into bigger two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nano-, micro-, and macro-structures, such as nanoplatelets, membranes, films, microparticles, and porous macroscopic matrices. There are four main sources of nanocellulose: bacteria (Gluconacetobacter), plants (trees, shrubs, herbs), algae (Cladophora), and animals (Tunicata). Nanocellulose has emerged for a wide range of industrial, technology, and biomedical applications, namely for adsorption, ultrafiltration, packaging, conservation of historical artifacts, thermal insulation and fire retardation, energy extraction and storage, acoustics, sensorics, controlled drug delivery, and particularly for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose is promising for use in scaffolds for engineering of blood vessels, neural tissue, bone, cartilage, liver, adipose tissue, urethra and dura mater, for repairing connective tissue and congenital heart defects, and for constructing contact lenses and protective barriers. This review is focused on applications of nanocellulose in skin tissue engineering and wound healing as a scaffold for cell growth, for delivering cells into wounds, and as a material for advanced wound dressings coupled with drug delivery, transparency and sensorics. Potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of nanocellulose are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Julia Pajorova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Anne Skogberg
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pasi Kallio
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Katerina Kolarova
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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Sheikhi A, Hayashi J, Eichenbaum J, Gutin M, Kuntjoro N, Khorsandi D, Khademhosseini A. Recent advances in nanoengineering cellulose for cargo delivery. J Control Release 2019; 294:53-76. [PMID: 30500355 PMCID: PMC6385607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent decade has witnessed a growing demand to substitute synthetic materials with naturally-derived platforms for minimizing their undesirable footprints in biomedicine, environment, and ecosystems. Among the natural materials, cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer in the world with key properties, such as biocompatibility, biorenewability, and sustainability has drawn significant attention. The hierarchical structure of cellulose fibers, one of the main constituents of plant cell walls, has been nanoengineered and broken down to nanoscale building blocks, providing an infrastructure for nanomedicine. Microorganisms, such as certain types of bacteria, are another source of nanocelluloses known as bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), which benefit from high purity and crystallinity. Chemical and mechanical treatments of cellulose fibrils made up of alternating crystalline and amorphous regions have yielded cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), hairy CNC (HCNC), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with dimensions spanning from a few nanometers up to several microns. Cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils may readily bind drugs, proteins, and nanoparticles through physical interactions or be chemically modified to covalently accommodate cargos. Engineering surface properties, such as chemical functionality, charge, area, crystallinity, and hydrophilicity, plays a pivotal role in controlling the cargo loading/releasing capacity and rate, stability, toxicity, immunogenicity, and biodegradation of nanocellulose-based delivery platforms. This review provides insights into the recent advances in nanoengineering cellulose crystals and fibrils to develop vehicles, encompassing colloidal nanoparticles, hydrogels, aerogels, films, coatings, capsules, and membranes, for the delivery of a broad range of bioactive cargos, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial compounds, and probiotics. SYNOPSIS: Engineering certain types of microorganisms as well as the hierarchical structure of cellulose fibers, one of the main building blocks of plant cell walls, has yielded unique families of cellulose-based nanomaterials, which have leveraged the effective delivery of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joel Hayashi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James Eichenbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Gutin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole Kuntjoro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Moll CJ, Meister K, Kirschner J, Bakker HJ. Surface Structure of Solutions of Poly(vinyl alcohol) in Water. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10722-10727. [PMID: 30372078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We use surface-specific heterodyne-detected vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (HD-VSFG) and surface tension measurements to investigate the molecular structure of the surface of aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers with average molecular weights of 10000 and 125000 g/mol. We find that the interfacial water molecules have a preferred orientation with their hydrogen-bonded O-H groups pointing away from the bulk, for both PVA10000 and PVA125000. This observation is explained from the ongoing hydrolysis of the acetyl impurities on the PVA polymer chains. This hydrolysis yields negatively charged acetate ions that have a relatively high surface propensity. For both PVA10000 and PVA125000 the strong positive signal vanishes when the pH is decreased, due to the neutralization of the acetate ions. For solutions with a high concentration of PVA10000 the interfacial water signal becomes very small, indicating that the surface gets completely covered with a disordered PVA polymer film. In contrast, for high concentrations of PVA125000, the strong positive water signal persists at high pH, which shows that the water surface does not get completely covered. The HD-VSFG data combined with surface tension data indicate that concentrated PVA125000 solutions form a structured surface layer with pores containing a high density of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Moll
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - K Meister
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermanweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | | | - H J Bakker
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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30
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Thomas B, Raj MC, B AK, H RM, Joy J, Moores A, Drisko GL, Sanchez C. Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11575-11625. [PMID: 30403346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With increasing environmental and ecological concerns due to the use of petroleum-based chemicals and products, the synthesis of fine chemicals and functional materials from natural resources is of great public value. Nanocellulose may prove to be one of the most promising green materials of modern times due to its intrinsic properties, renewability, and abundance. In this review, we present nanocellulose-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and surface modification of nanocellulose, to materials formation and applications. Nanocellulose can be sourced from biomass, plants, or bacteria, relying on fairly simple, scalable, and efficient isolation techniques. Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments, or a combination of these, can be used to extract nanocellulose from natural sources. The properties of nanocellulose are dependent on the source, the isolation technique, and potential subsequent surface transformations. Nanocellulose surface modification techniques are typically used to introduce either charged or hydrophobic moieties, and include amidation, esterification, etherification, silylation, polymerization, urethanization, sulfonation, and phosphorylation. Nanocellulose has excellent strength, high Young's modulus, biocompatibility, and tunable self-assembly, thixotropic, and photonic properties, which are essential for the applications of this material. Nanocellulose participates in the fabrication of a large range of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, including those based on polymers, metals, metal oxides, and carbon. In particular, nanocellulose complements organic-based materials, where it imparts its mechanical properties to the composite. Nanocellulose is a promising material whenever material strength, flexibility, and/or specific nanostructuration are required. Applications include functional paper, optoelectronics, and antibacterial coatings, packaging, mechanically reinforced polymer composites, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery, biosensors, energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and electrochemically controlled separation. Phosphorylated nanocellulose is a particularly interesting material, spanning a surprising set of applications in various dimensions including bone scaffolds, adsorbents, and flame retardants and as a support for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Midhun C Raj
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Athira K B
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Rubiyah M H
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Jithin Joy
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India.,International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN), Mahatma Gandhi University , 686 560 Kottayam , Kerala , India
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Glenna L Drisko
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7574 Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France , 11 place, Marcelin Berthelot , F-75005 , Paris , France
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31
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Poly (vinyl alcohol)/nano-diamond composite films and hydrogels prepared by gamma ray. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) and nano-diamond, PVA/ND, hydrogels were prepared and assessed as prosthetic material suitable for replacement of the nucleus pulposus. The hydrogels were prepared by gamma irradiation at various doses (15 kGy, 25 kGy, 35 kGy, 45 kGy) and at various ND concentrations ranging from 0.25 wt.% to 3 wt.%. Extent of gelation, equilibrium water content, and viscoelastic properties of swelled hydrogels at definite water contents were measured and examined as a function of ND concentration as well as gamma dose. According to viscoelastic measurements, the strength of hydrogels increased considerably over that of pure PVA at a low concentration of ND. By increasing irradiation dose, gel percent and strength of hydrogels increased. Hydrogel water content was in a range of 80 wt.% to 90 wt.% similar to that of natural nucleus pulposus. The G″ values of hydrogels were much smaller than G′ values indicating elastic behavior. Also PVA/ND nanocomposite films were prepared at various ND concentrations by solution casting. The ND particles were uniformly distributed within PVA films. Tensile modulus and strength of the films increased over pure PVA.
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32
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Tummala GK, Bachi I, Mihranyan A. Role of solvent on structure, viscoelasticity, and mechanical compressibility in nanocellulose-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Tummala
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - I. Bachi
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences; Uppsala University; 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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33
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Chen T, Hou K, Ren Q, Chen G, Wei P, Zhu M. Nanoparticle-Polymer Synergies in Nanocomposite Hydrogels: From Design to Application. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800337. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Qianyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Guoyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Peiling Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
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34
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Schoenmakers DC, Schoonen L, Rutten MGTA, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE, van Hest JCM, Kouwer PHJ. Virus-like particles as crosslinkers in fibrous biomimetic hydrogels: approaches towards capsid rupture and gel repair. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1442-1448. [PMID: 29392267 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological hydrogels can become many times stiffer under deformation. This unique ability has only recently been realised in fully synthetic gels. Typically, these networks are composed of semi-flexible polymers and bundles and show such large mechanical responses at very small strains, which makes them particularly suitable for application as strain-responsive materials. In this work, we introduced strain-responsiveness by crosslinking the architecture with a multi-functional virus-like particle. At high stresses, we find that the virus particles disintegrate, which creates an (irreversible) mechanical energy dissipation pathway, analogous to the high stress response of fibrin networks. A cooling-heating cycle allows for re-crosslinking at the damaged site, which gives rise to much stronger hydrogels. Virus particles and capsids are promising drug delivery vehicles and our approach offers an effective strategy to trigger the release mechanically without compromising the mechanical integrity of the host material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël C Schoenmakers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as a pathway for enzyme-triggered drug release in ophthalmic applications. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Zhang E, Zhao Y, Yang W, Chen H, Liu W, Dai X, Qiu X, Ji X. Viscoelastic behaviour and relaxation modes of one polyamic acid organogel studied by rheometers and dynamic light scattering. SOFT MATTER 2017; 14:73-82. [PMID: 29231227 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02185b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel polyamic acid (PAA from BAPMPO-BPDA) organogel was synthesized and characterized via dynamic light scattering (DLS), a classical rheometer, and diffusion wave spectroscopy (DWS). In situ monitoring was performed using a classical rheometer to observe the formation of the PAA organogel. The rheological curves confirm the formation of the PAA gel network and the origin of hydrogen bonding from the -NH- group (donor) and P[double bond, length as m-dash]O group (acceptor). The autocorrelation functions of PAA under different conditions (pure gel, gel with NaNO3, gel with formamide) are measured via DLS, and different characteristic times are obtained via the CONTIN method. Three different relaxation modes of the PAA gel, i.e., fast, intermediate and slow modes, are observed. The fast and intermediate modes show a diffusive behaviour (τ ∼ q-2), whereas the slow mode did not. When enough formamide is added into the PAA gel, the fast mode disappears; addition of enough salt (NaNO3) leads to disappearance of the slow mode. The relationship between characteristic time and diffusion vector demonstrates that the different decorrelation modes consisted of two homodyne and two heterodyne components. Two single-exponential functions and two stretched exponential functions were used, and the different decorrelation modes of the PAA gel are expressed with a non-linear function, which fits the autocorrelation function very well. And the different decorrelation modes are also discussed. DWS results in the high-frequency region not only demonstrate the formation of a PAA gel network but also indicate that the semiflexible chains of PAA are due to electrostatic interaction. The DWS results at different time scales are analyzed by applying the de Gennes' reptation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Liu J, Bacher M, Rosenau T, Willför S, Mihranyan A. Potentially Immunogenic Contaminants in Wood-Based and Bacterial Nanocellulose: Assessment of Endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-Glucan Levels. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:150-157. [PMID: 29182312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge gaps in the biosafety data of the nanocellulose (NC) for biomedical use through various routes of administration call for closer look at health and exposure evaluation. This work evaluated the potentially immunogenic contaminants levels, for example, endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-glucan, in four representative NCs, that is, wood-based NCs and bacterial cellulose (BC). The hot-water extracts were analyzed with ELISA assays, HPSEC-MALLS, GC, and NMR analysis. Varying levels of endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-glucan contaminats were found in these widely used NCs. Although the β-(1,3)-d-glucan was not detected from the NMR spectra due to the small extract samples amount (2-7 mg), the anomerics and highly diastereotopic 6-CH2 signals may suggest the presence of β-(1,4)-linkages with β-(1,6) branching in the polysaccharides of NCs' hot-water extracts, which were otherwise not detectable in the enzymatic assay. In all, the article highlights the importance of monitoring various water-soluble potentially immunogenic contaminants in NC for biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University , 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.,Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University , 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science (BOKU) , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science (BOKU) , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria.,Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3-5, FI-20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3-5, FI-20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University , 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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