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Zhu L, Kinjo R. Reactions of main group compounds with azides forming organic nitrogen-containing species. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5563-5606. [PMID: 37519098 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal discovery of phenyl azide by Grieß in 1864, a variety of organic azides (R-N3) have been developed and extensively studied. The amenability of azides to a number of reactions has expanded their utility as building blocks not only in organic synthesis but also in bioorthogonal chemistry and materials science. Over the decades, it has been demonstrated that the reactions of main group compounds with azides lead to diverse N-containing main group molecules. In view of the pronounced progress in this area, this review summarizes the reactions of main group compounds with azides, emphatically introducing their reaction patterns and mechanisms. The reactions of forming inorganic nitrogen species are not included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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2
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Arsenyeva KV, Piskunov AV. HETEROCYCLIC HEAVY ANALOGUES OF CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. REVIEW. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476623010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Ding Y, Sarkar SK, Nazish M, Ruth PN, Herbst-Irmer R, Muhammed S, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Insertion Reaction of Me 3SiN 3 with Bis(germylene). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19067-19074. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Shahila Muhammed
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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4
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Abstract
Dianionic N,N-chelating ligands play a crucial role in coordination chemistry, but reports on related complexes remain limited to certain types of ligands. In here, the reactions of two diprotic ligands, i.e., a biguanide and a carbothiamide, with trimethylaluminium, are reported, which give rise to mono- and dinuclear aluminium(III) complexes. In addition, single deprotonation of the diprotic biguanide using potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide gives rise to a one-dimensional coordination polymer. All complexes have been fully characterized, and their solid-state structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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5
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Zechovský J, Mrózek O, Samsonov M, Jambor R, RůŽička A, Dostál L. Coordination capabilities of bis-(2-pyridyl)amides in the field of divalent germanium, tin and lead compounds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6321-6332. [PMID: 33885114 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of two lithium amides derived from bis-(2-pyridyl)amine (dpa)H or its methyl-substituted congener bis-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)amine (Me-dpa)H, i.e. (dpa)Li (1) and (Me-dpa)Li (2), toward ECl2 (where E = Ge (dioxane complex) and Sn) is reported. This study produced both heteroleptic complexes (dpa)GeCl (3), [(dpa)SnCl]2 (4), and (Me-dpa)GeCl (5) and homoleptic complexes (dpa)2E (E = Ge (6) or Sn (7)) and (Me-dpa)2E (E = Ge (8) or Sn (9)). The structures of all complexes were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showing significant differences depending on the E atom and ligand used. By contrast, in solution, the majority of compounds showed a fluxional behaviour as demonstrated by the NMR study. Finally, it turned out that the Me-dpa ligand, unlike dpa, is able to form ate complexes [(Me-dpa)3E]Li (E = Ge (10), Sn (11) or Pb (12)), whose structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This study revealed the formation of two isomers for Ge and Sn complexes depending on the coordination preference of the lithium atom being coordinated either by nitrogen donors (10-12) or solely by the Ge or Sn electron lone pair (10a and 11a). Furthermore, the NMR experiments proved that the germanium complex 10 exhibits only limited stability in solution and decomposes to germylene 8 and lithium amide 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zechovský
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Mrózek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic. and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maksim Samsonov
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš RůŽička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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6
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Arsenyeva KV, Ershova IV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Aysin RR, Lalov AV, Fukin GK, Piskunov AV. Reactivity of O,N-heterocyclic germylene and stannylene towards μ-dithio-bis(tricarbonyliron). J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Liu C, Zhu K, Han W, Liu X, Zhang ZF, Su MD, Wu D, Li Y. Formation of Alkynylgermyl-Substituted Germylenes via a Catenation of Ge Atoms. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10123-10128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Keke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Weichun Han
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Di Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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8
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Böserle J, Jambor R, RůŽička A, Erben M, Dostál L. Reactivity of boraguanidinato germylenes toward carbonyl compounds and isocyanides: C-O, C-F and C-N bond activation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4869-4877. [PMID: 32219234 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of two equivalents of germylene [(i-Pr)2NB(N-2,6-Me2C6H3)2]Ge (1) with carbonyl compounds RC(O)R' resulted in carbonyl functionality activation and the formation of 4-(R,R')-1,2-digerma-3-oxa-cyclobutanes (R/R' = Ph/CF3 (2) or C6F5/H (3)). Surprisingly, the analogous reaction of 1 with C6F5C(O)Me led to the insertion of the germanium atom into the C-F bond of the perfluorophenyl group, thus producing a spiro compound (4) with a germanium atom sharing 1,2-digerma-3,5-diaza-4-bora-cyclopentane and 1-germa-2,4-diaza-3-boracyclobutane rings. Furthermore, the reaction of 1 with 2e- donors was investigated. In the case of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), an expected complex [(i-Pr)2NB(N-2,6-Me2C6H3)2]Ge(DMAP) (5) was isolated, but using t-BuNC resulted in the formation of germanium(iv) cyanide [(i-Pr)2NB(N-2,6-Me2C6H3)2]Ge(CN)(t-Bu) (6) as a result of C-N bond activation in the starting isocyanide. In contrast, mixing other isocyanides RNC (R = Cy or Ad) with 1 in solution led only to an equilibrium between the starting compounds and most probably the corresponding complexes [(i-Pr)2NB(N-2,6-Me2C6H3)2]Ge(CNR) (R = Cy (7a) or Ad (8a)) based on NMR studies. From these equilibrium mixtures, fortuitously, single crystals of digerma-spiro-complexes (7 and 8) containing two germanium atoms (one of them coordinated to a particular isocyanide) were obtained and structurally authenticated by the X-ray diffraction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Böserle
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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9
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Kristinsdóttir L, Oldroyd NL, Grabiner R, Knights AW, Heilmann A, Protchenko AV, Niu H, Kolychev EL, Campos J, Hicks J, Christensen KE, Aldridge S. Synthetic, structural and reaction chemistry of N-heterocyclic germylene and stannylene compounds featuring N-boryl substituents. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11951-11960. [PMID: 31318369 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study details the syntheses of N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes featuring diazaborolyl groups, {(HCDippN)2B} (Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3), as both of the N-bound substituents, with a view to generating electron rich and sterically protected metal centres. The energies of their key frontier orbitals - the group 14-centred lone pair and orthogonal pπ-orbital (typically the HOMO-2 and LUMO) have been probed by DFT calculations and compared with a related acyclic analogue, revealing (in the case of the stannylenes) a correlation with the measured 119Sn chemical shifts. The reactivity of the germylene systems towards oxygen atom transfer agents has been examined, with 2 : 1 reaction stoichiometries being observed for both Me3NO and pyridine N-oxide, leading to the formation of products thought to be derived from the activation of C-H bonds by a transient first-formed germanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilja Kristinsdóttir
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Nicola L Oldroyd
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Rachel Grabiner
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Alastair W Knights
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Andrey V Protchenko
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Haoyu Niu
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Eugene L Kolychev
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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10
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Böserle J, Jambor R, Erben M, Horký F, Štěpnička P, Růžička A, Dostál L. Reactivity of an N
,N
-Chelated Germylene Toward Substituted Alkynes, Alkenes, and Allenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Böserle
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Filip Horký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Hlavova 2030 128 40 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Hlavova 2030 128 40 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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