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Huang Z, Li A, Chen J, Luo Y. Syndiospecific Copolymerization of Styrene with para-Methoxystyrene Catalyzed by Functionalized Fluorenyl-Ligated Rare-Earth Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4322-4329. [PMID: 36853928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient catalysts for the copolymerization of nonpolar monomers with polar monomers remains a great challenging task in polymer synthesis. A one-pot reaction of anhydrous LnCl3 with pyridyl-methylene-functionalized octamethylfluorenyl lithium OctFlu-CH2PyLi in a 1:1 molar ratio, followed by alkylation with 2 equiv of LiCH2SiMe3 in THF afforded the fluorenyl-ligated rare-earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes (OctFlu-CH2Py)Ln(CH2SiMe3)2(THF) [Ln = Sc (1), Y (2)]. Both complexes were isolated as neutral species and were characterized by NMR spectrum and elemental analysis. Complex 2 was subjected to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which showed that the whole modified fluorenyl ligand was coordinated to Y3+ in the η5/κ1 mode to form a constrained geometry configuration. In the presence of excess AliBu3, and on activation with 1 equiv of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] in toluene, complexes 1 and 2 became active for both styrene (St) and para-methoxystyrene (pMOS) polymerization, giving polymers with high syndiotacticity (rrrr > 99%) without solvent extraction. Moreover, the ternary catalyst system composed of complex 2/AliBu3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] was highly effective for the syndiospecific copolymerization of styrene with pMOS, producing random copolymers with high molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. The contents of pMOS in the copolymers could be easily tuned in a wide range (11-93 mol %) by simply changing the pMOS-to-St feed ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Huang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Aiyuan Li
- Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, P. R. China
| | - Jue Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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Yang K, Wang S, Zhou R, Cheng Q, Wang Q, Li Y. Synthesis of
s
yndiotactic polystyrene
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Polyisobutylene graft copolymers by cationic
half‐sandwich
scandium complex. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd. Qingdao China
| | - Shanda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd. Qingdao China
| | - Rifeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd. Qingdao China
| | - Qingli Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd. Qingdao China
| | - Quanguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd. Qingdao China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
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Isospecific Polymerization of Halide- and Amino-Substituted Styrenes Using a Bis(phenolate) Titanium Catalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isospecific polymerization of polar styrenes is a challenge of polymer science. Particularly challenging are monomers bearing electron-withdrawing substituents or bulky substituents. Here, we report the coordination polymerization of halide- and amino-functionalized styrenes including para-fluorostyrene (pFS), para-chlorostyrene (pClS), para-bromostyrene (pBrS), and para-(N,N-diethylamino)styrene (DMAS) using 2,2′-sulfur-bridged bis(phenolate) titanium precursor (1). The combination of 1 and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3 provides crystalline poly(pFS)s with perfect isotacticity (mmmm > 95%) and high molecular weights (≤16.0 × 104 g mol−1). Upon activation with a large excess of DMAO, 1 reaches polymerization activity of 5.58 × 105 g molTi−1 h−1 producing isotactic poly(pFS)s featuring higher molecular weights (≤39.6 × 104 g mol−1). The distinguished performance of the 1/DMAO system has been extended to the polymerization of pClS and pBrS, both usually involve halogen abstraction during the polymerization, to produce isotactic and high molecular weight (Mn = 32.2 × 104 vs. 13.7 × 104 g mol−1) polymers in good activities (2.18 × 105 vs. 1.31 × 105 g molTi−1 h−1). Surprisingly, 1/DMAO is nearly inactive for DMAS polymerization, on contrary, the system 1/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]/AliBu3 displays isoselectivity (mmmm > 95%) albeit in a moderate activity.
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Yu H, Yang K, Niu H, Yu J, Dong J, Wang J, Li Y. Syndiospecific Coordination Polymerization of Si-H-Containing Styrenes Catalyzed by Scandium Complex and Synthesis of Styrene-Based Triblock Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900048. [PMID: 30900788 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The controlled syndiospecific polymerization of three Si-H-containing styrenes, that is, 4-(methylhydrosilyl)styrene (FSt-1), 4-(dimethylhydrosilyl)styrene (FSt-2) and 4-(diisopropylhydrosilyl)styrene (FSt-3), is realized in the presence of (C5 Me4 SiMe3 )Sc (CH2 C6 H5 )2 (THF)/[Ph3 C][B(C6 F5 )4 ]. Then a series of FSt-b-styrene-b-FSt triblock copolymers (FSt-St-FSt) are synthesized facilely via a sequential monomer feeding process (FSt-2, styrene, and FSt-2, respectively) during the polymerization. The syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) block in the middle endows the copolymer with high melting point above 250 °C, whereas the Si-H groups on monomer FSt-2 introduce functional pendants to the end-blocks (with Si-H content of 31-63 mol%). Finally by a mild and high-effective hydrosilylation reaction, novel polar-group functionalized sPS is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jinghan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Yang K, Niu H, Yu H, Dong J, Wang J, Yu J, Shen K, Li Y. Synthesis of high molecular weight isobutylene-α-methylstyrene copolymers containing alkenyl groups with a half sandwich scandium initiator system under mild conditions. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copolymerizations of isobutylene and two alkenyl functionalized α-MeSt derivatives respectively, catalyzed by [(C5Me4SiMe3)Sc(CH2SiMe3)2THF], at −35 °C produced high Mn random copolymers with pendant alkenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Hui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Jinghan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Kaihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
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