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Liu J, Zheng Y, Yang S, Zhang L, Liu B, Zhang J, Yu X, Wei X, Li S, Wang J, Lv H. Targeting antioxidant factor Nrf2 by raffinose ameliorates lipid dysmetabolism-induced pyroptosis, inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155756. [PMID: 38833791 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a persistent liver condition that affects both human health and animal productive efficiency on a global scale. A number of naturally occurring compounds activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a transcription factor with important protective effects against many liver diseases, including NAFLD. Raffinose (Ra), an oligosaccharide extracted from several plants, exhibits diverse biological functions. However, the uncertainty lies in determining whether the activation of Nrf2 by Ra can provide a preventive effect on liver lipotoxicity. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to shed light on the molecular pathways by which Ra possesses its protective benefits against NAFLD. METHODS Experimental protocols were established using WT and Nrf2-null (Nrf2-/-) mice. Liver samples from each group were collected for Western blot, RT-qPCR, H & E, Sirius red and Oil red O staining. Additionally, serums were processed for ELISA. ALM12 cells were gathered for Western blot and immunofluorescence. Moreover, to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Ra, molecular docking was performed. RESULTS Our results indicated that Ra remarkably alleviated liver lipotoxic in vivo and in vitro. Ra treatment effectively corrected hepatic steatosis, the release of AST, ALT, TG, and TC, as well as the depletion of HDL and LDL. Meanwhile, Ra efficiently prevented inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and pyroptosis. Additionally, these findings implied that Ra reduced the production of fibrosis-related proteins, which enhanced collagen deposition. Molecular docking revealed that Ra possessed the ability to bind specific regions of Nrf2, resulting in the enhancement of Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation. Ra treatment restored serum redox factors and antioxidant enzymes to normal levels; however, these alterations were clearly reversed in Nrf2-/- mice. CONCLUSION This study reveals novel information on Ra's protective benefits against liver injury caused by abnormal lipid metabolism; these effects are mostly mediated by Nrf2 activation, suggesting a potential new medicine or treatment strategy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Songya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Jiexing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Shize Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
| | - Hongming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
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Lu Y, Gao X, Mohammed SAD, Wang T, Fu J, Wang Y, Nan Y, Lu F, Liu S. Efficacy and mechanism study of Baichanting compound, a combination of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Harms, Paeonia lactiflora Pall and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, on Parkinson's disease based on metagenomics and metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117182. [PMID: 37714224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rapidly progressing neurological disorder. Currently, Medication for PD has numerous limitations. Baichanting Compound (BCT) is a Chinese herbal prescription, a Combination of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Harms, Paeonia lactiflora Pall and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, that was developed to treat PD and holds a national patent (ZL, 201110260536.3). AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the therapeutic effect of BCT on PD and explore its possible mechanism based on metabolomics and metagenomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used as a control group, and α-syn transgenic C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the PD (without treatment) or BCT (with BCT treatment) group. UPLC-MS was performed to detect dopamine levels in brain tissue, while ELISA was used to determine inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and NO, and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. Fecal metabolomics was used to detect fecal metabolic profiles, screen differential metabolic markers, and predict metabolic pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis. Metagenomics was used to determine the intestinal microbial composition, and KO enrichment analysis was performed to predict the potential function of different gut microbiota. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis was used to find the possible relationships among intestinal flora, metabolic markers, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and dopamine levels. RESULTS BCT increased the superoxide dismutase activity of α-Syn transgenic C57BL/6 mice (P < 0.01), decreased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, NO and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01, 0.05), and increased the release of dopamine (P < 0.01). Metabolomics results show that BCT could regulate Acetatifactor, Marvinbryantia, Faecalitalea, Anaeromassilibacillus, Anaerobium, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Lachnotalea and Acetatifactor_muris, Marvinbryantia_formatexigens, Lachnotalea_sp_AF33_28, Faecalitalea_sp_Marseille_P3755 and Anaerobium_acetethylicum, Gemmiger_sp_An120 abundance to restore intestinal flora function, and reverse fecal metabolism trend, restoring the content of α-D-glucose, cytidine, L-glutamate, L-glutamine, N-acetyl-L-glutamate, raffinose and uracil. In addition, it regulates arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate, pyrimidine, galactose and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION BCT may regulate the composition of the gut microbiota to reverse fecal metabolism in PD mice to protect the substantia nigra and striatum from oxidative stress and inflammatory factors and ultimately play an anti-PD role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shadi A D Mohammed
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Sana'a, 18644, Yemen
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Hemami RM, Shakarami A, Ardekani AM, Aghaii S, Makarem D, Nikrad N, Farhangi MA, Pour Abbasi MS. Investigation of the association between habitual dietary FODMAP intake, metabolic parameters, glycemic status, and anthropometric features among apparently healthy overweight and obese individuals. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:206. [PMID: 37752490 PMCID: PMC10521509 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predisposition of humans to metabolic syndrome is affected by many factors, including diet and lifestyle. Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) are a set of carbohydrates that are fermented by gut microbiota. In animal studies, supplementation with FODMAP-rich diets as prebiotics can alter body composition and gut microbiota. This study evaluates any relationship between FODMAP and metabolic syndrome risk factors among adults with metabolic syndrome in Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study is based on sociodemographic information from 347 overweight and obese participants selected from outpatient clinics through public declaration. Participants body composition and anthropometric measures were also determined. A validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 168 questions was used to collect dietary data. Biochemical parameters, including serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and insulin levels, were determined by enzymatic methods. In addition, the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated. RESULTS In moderate FODMAP and low FODMAP groups, lower waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and higher fat-free mass (FFM) were achieved in higher tertiles. In high FODMAP groups, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) was shown in the higher tertile (P < 0.05). Higher insulin, HOMA-IR, and lower QUICKI in the second tertile of the high FODMAP group were also observed. CONCLUSION Findings of this study highlight the potential role of FODMAP in managing metabolic syndrome and open a new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Mokhtari Hemami
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Aghaii
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorna Makarem
- Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacion Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Negin Nikrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sadegh Pour Abbasi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kashan, Iran.
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Zhao K, Pang H, Shao K, Yang Z, Li S, He N. The function of human milk oligosaccharides and their substitute oligosaccharides as probiotics in gut inflammation. Food Funct 2023; 14:7780-7798. [PMID: 37575049 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut inflammation seriously affects the healthy life of patients, and has a trend of increasing incidence rate. However, the current methods for treating gut inflammation are limited to surgery and drugs, which can cause irreversible damage to patients, especially infants. As natural oligosaccharides in human breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) function as probiotics in treating and preventing gut inflammation: improving the abundance of the gut microbiota, increasing the gut barrier function, and reducing the gut inflammatory reaction. Meanwhile, due to the complexity and high cost of their synthesis, people are searching for functional oligosaccharides that can replace HMOs as a food additive in infants milk powder and adjuvant therapy for chronic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the therapeutic and preventive effects of HMOs and their substitute functional oligosaccharides as probiotics in gut inflammation, and to summarize the prospect of their application in infant breast milk replacement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Kaidi Shao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zizhen Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Wei L, Zeng B, Zhang S, Guo W, Li F, Zhao J, Li Y. Hybridization altered the gut microbiota of pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177947. [PMID: 37465027 PMCID: PMC10350513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian gut microbiota plays an important role in the host's nutrient metabolism, growth, and immune regulation. Hybridization can enable a progeny to acquire superior traits of the parents, resulting in the hybridization advantage. However, studies on the effects of hybridization on the pigs' gut microbiota are lacking. Therefore, this study used multi-omics technologies to compare and analyze the gut microbiota of the primary wild boar and its offspring. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that the gut microbiota of F4 exhibited a host-like dominance phenomenon with a significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The beta diversity of Duroc was significantly different from those of F0, F2, and F4; after the host hybridization, the similarity of the beta diversity in the progeny decreased with the decrease in the similarity of the F0 lineage. The metagenomic sequencing results showed that the significantly enriched metabolic pathways in F4, such as environmental, circulatory system, fatty acid degradation adaptation, and fatty acid biosynthesis, were similar to those in F0. Moreover, it also exhibited similar significantly enriched metabolic pathways as those in Duroc, such as carbohydrate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, starch-degrading CAZymes, lactose-degrading CAZymes, and various amino acid metabolism pathways. However, the alpha-amylase-related KOs, lipid metabolism, and galactose metabolism in F4 were significantly higher than those in Duroc and F0. Non-targeted metabolome technology analysis found that several metabolites, such as docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and citric acid were significantly enriched in the F4 pigs as compared to those in F0. Based on Spearman correlation analysis, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly positively correlated with these metabolites. Finally, the combined metagenomic and metabolomic analysis suggested that the metabolic pathways, such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched in F4 pigs. In conclusion, the gut microbiota of F4 showed a similar host "dominance" phenomenon, which provided reference data for the genetics and evolution of microbiota and the theory of microbial-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Huang YP, Paviani B, Fukagawa NK, Phillips KM, Barile D. Comprehensive oligosaccharide profiling of commercial almond milk, soy milk, and soy flour. Food Chem 2023; 409:135267. [PMID: 36586264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are known for several bioactivities on health, however, in sensitive individuals, can cause intestinal discomfort. This study aimed to investigate the oligosaccharide profiles in selected plant-based food products. A quantification method based on high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection was developed, validated, and used to measure major oligosaccharides. Additional low-abundant oligosaccharides and glycosides were characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and glycosidases. The summed concentration of raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose ranged from 0.12-0.19 mg/g in almond milk, 3.6-6.4 mg/g in soy milk, and 74-77 and 4.8-57 mg/g in defatted and full-fat soy four. Over 80 different oligosaccharides were characterized. Novel compounds, 2,3-butanediol glycosides, were identified in almond milk. Low-abundant oligosaccharides represented 25 %, 6 %, and 10 % of total OS in almond milk, soy milk, and soy flour, respectively. The data here are useful to estimate oligosaccharide consumption from dietary intake and facilitate further studies on their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruna Paviani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, BARC-East, Center Road, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | | | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Galacto-Oligosaccharide Alleviates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090867. [PMID: 36144271 PMCID: PMC9506531 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are important pathogenic factors contributing to ALD. We investigated the protective mechanism of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) against ALD through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by performing in vivo and in vitro experiments. Western blot and RT‒PCR results indicated that the expression of cytochrome P450 protein 2E1 (CYP2E1) in liver tissues and L02 cells was reduced in the GOS-treated mice compared with the model group. In addition, GOS prominently reduced the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), increased the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. In addition, GOS decreased inflammation by reducing inflammatory factor levels and inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Based on these results, GOS may be a prospective functional food for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Dietary raffinose ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acid via modulation of enterohepatic bile acid circulation in rats. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1621-1630. [PMID: 34256877 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterohepatic circulation of 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) is enhanced depending on the energy intake in high-fat diet-fed rats. Such BA metabolism can be reproduced using a diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), which also induces simple steatosis, without inflammation and fibrosis, accompanied by some other symptoms that are frequently observed in the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. We investigated whether supplementation of the diet with raffinose (Raf) improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the CA-fed condition in rats. After acclimation to the AIN-93-based control diet, male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with a combination of Raf (30 g/kg diet) and/or CA (0·5 g/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Dietary Raf normalised hepatic TAG levels (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·02 for Raf and P = 0·004 for interaction) in the CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. Dietary Raf supplementation reduced hepatic 12αOH BA concentration (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·003 for Raf and P = 0·03 for interaction). The concentration of 12αOH BA was reduced in the aortic and portal plasma. Raf supplementation increased acetic acid concentration in the caecal contents (two-way ANOVA P = 0·001 as a main effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that concentrations of aortic 12αOH BA and caecal acetic acid could serve as predictors of hepatic TAG concentration (R2 = 0·55, P < 0·001). However, Raf did not decrease the secondary 12αOH BA concentration in the caecal contents as well as the transaminase activity in the CA diet-fed rats. These results imply that dietary Raf normalises hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of enterohepatic 12αOH BA circulation.
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Wu J, Jia RB, Luo D, Li ZR, Lin L, Zheng Q, Zhao M. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide is a potential auxiliary substance for metformin in the management of diabetes. Food Funct 2022; 13:3023-3035. [PMID: 35199116 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the positive effects of relatively low-dose metformin combined with Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (LMET-SFP) in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and explored the underlying mechanisms of LMET-SFP as compared to metformin alone in managing diabetes. The results indicate that both metformin and LMET-SFP can attenuate body weight loss and ameliorate hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia, and LMET-SFP exhibited better effects in lowering fasting blood glucose levels, insulin resistance index and serum cholesterol compared to metformin only. The administration of LMET-SFP could ameliorate liver dysfunction in diabetic rats. In addition, fecal bile acid data implied that LMET-SFP intervention contributed to an increase in fecal total bile acids, ursodesoxycholic acid and tauroursodesoxycholic acid profiles when compared to metformin treatment. Additionally, intestinal microbiological analysis showed that the acknowledged probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium exhibited higher levels in the LMET-SFP group compared to the metformin group. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the better hypoglycemic effects of LMET-SFP were mainly attributed to the down-regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression, and the up-regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression, in contrast to metformin alone. These results suggest that SFP may be used as an auxiliary hypoglycemic substance for metformin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 4B15, and its synergy with hydrolysed lactose skim milk powder. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li Y, Tian Y, Cai W, Wang Q, Chang Y, Sun Y, Dong P, Wang J. Novel ι-Carrageenan Tetrasaccharide Alleviates Liver Lipid Accumulation via the Bile Acid-FXR-SHP/PXR Pathway to Regulate Cholesterol Conversion and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Insulin-Resistant Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9813-9821. [PMID: 34415766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ι-Carrageenan tetrasaccharide (ιCTs), a novel oligosaccharide, was hydrolyzed from ι-carrageenan with targeting marine tool-enzyme Cgi82A. Previously, we have found ιCTs exhibited a hypoglycemic effect, whether it could regulate lipid metabolism remains unknown. In this study, the insulin-resistant mice induced by high-fat-high-sucrose diet were orally administrated with ιCTs (30 mg/kg·bw) for 20 weeks. The results showed that the contents of triglyceride and cholesterol in both serum and liver were reduced by ιCTs, and their excretion in feces were promoted, suggesting lipid accumulation was inhibited. Intriguingly, the overall levels of bile acid in serum, liver, and feces were all raised by ιCTs. Given that bile acids are the essential signal factors for regulating lipid metabolism via the farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), we conducted serum bile acid profile analysis and found that the levels of high-affinity agonists deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were decreased in the ιCTs group, showing that ιCTs failed to activate FXR. Western blot analysis showed that ιCTs downregulated hepatic FXR and small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression and increased downstream CYP7A1 expression via regulating the FXR-SHP signal to accelerate liver cholesterol conversion. Meanwhile, ιCTs decreased the expression of PXR and SREBP1c and elevated the expression of PPARα and CPT1α via regulating the FXR-PXR-SREBP1c/PPARα signal to inhibit fatty acid synthesis and promote fatty acid β-oxidation. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time reported that ιCTs alleviated liver lipid accumulation via the bile acid-FXR-SHP/PXR signal to regulate cholesterol conversion and fatty acid metabolism, which highlighted a new idea for ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weizhen Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qinghui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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12
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He N, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Liu N, Jung S, Lee MS, Li S. Preventive and Prebiotic Effect of α-Galacto-Oligosaccharide against Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9597-9607. [PMID: 34378931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Galacto-oligosaccharide (β-GOS) showed great potential in ulcerative colitis (UC) adjuvant therapy. Herein, the preventive and prebiotic effect of enzymatic-synthesized α-linked galacto-oligosaccharide (α-GOS) was investigated in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and gut microbiota dysbiosis mice. Compared with β-GOS, the α-GOS supplement was more effective in improving preventive efficacy, promoting colonic epithelial barrier integrity, and alleviating inflammation cytokines. Moreover, the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family member NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation was significantly inhibited by both α-GOS and β-GOS. Gut microbiota analysis showed that α-GOS treatment reshaped the dysfunctional gut microbiota. The subsequent Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis indicated that these gut microbiota changes were significantly correlated with the inflammatory parameters. These results suggested that the enzymatic-synthesized α-GOS is a promising therapeutic agent in UC prevention and adjuvant treatment by maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nian Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Samil Jung
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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13
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He N, Chen H, Zhou Z, Zhao W, Wang S, Lv Z, Liu N, Wang H, Yang Z, Li S. Enzymatically synthesized α-galactooligosaccharides attenuate metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet induced mice in association with the modulation of gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:4960-4971. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The composition and structure of gut microbiota plays an important role in obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and related metabolic syndrome (MetS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Wandong Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Lv
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zizhen Yang
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shangyong Li
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
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14
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Korolenko TA, Bgatova NP, Ovsyukova MV, Shintyapina A, Vetvicka V. Hypolipidemic Effects of β-Glucans, Mannans, and Fucoidans: Mechanism of Action and Their Prospects for Clinical Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081819. [PMID: 32316136 PMCID: PMC7221696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for lipid-lowering drugs is important for clinical medicine. This review summarizes our research findings regarding the hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides. There are several validated agents altering lipid levels which reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, for many people, the risk of such an event remains unacceptably high despite treatment with these agents. This situation has prompted the search for new therapies to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. The lipid-lowering effect of β-glucans consumed with food was demonstrated in patients with atherosclerosis. The mechanism of the protective effect of β-glucans is poorly studied. The effects of β-glucans are mediated by Toll-like receptors, by dectin-1, and possibly by other receptors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the protective action of β-glucan in lipemic mice has been studied insufficiently. This review will present up-to-date information regarding experimental hypolipidemic polysaccharide compounds that hold promise for medicine. Phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase in humans contributes to innate immune responses against chitin-containing fungi. This enzyme has been first described in patients with Gaucher disease and serves as an important diagnostic biomarker. It has been reported that, in mice, chitin particles of certain size are recognized by macrophages through Toll-like receptors, dectin-1, and to a lesser extent through mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Nataliya P. Bgatova
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Marina V. Ovsyukova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Alexandra Shintyapina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Timakov St. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Nie Q, Chen H, Hu J, Tan H, Nie S, Xie M. Effects of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides on Obesity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:205-233. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern that has almost reached the level of pandemic and is rapidly progressing. The gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial regulator involved in the etiology of obesity, and the manipulation of it by dietary intervention has been widely used for reducing the risk of obesity. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are attracting increasing interests as prebiotics, as the indigestible ingredients can induce compositional or metabolic improvement to the gut microbiota, thereby improving gut health and giving rise to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to elicit metabolic effects on obesity. In this review, the role NDOs play in obesity intervention via modification of the gut microecology, as well as the physicochemical and physiological properties and industrial manufacture of NDOs, is discussed. Our goal is to provide a critical assessment of and stimulate comprehensive research into NDO use in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Haihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
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16
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Hu X, Song L, Yang Y, Jin Z, Miao M. Synthesis of potential prebiotic α-glucooligosaccharides using microbial glucansucrase and their in vitro fecal fermentation. Food Funct 2020; 11:1672-1683. [PMID: 32031198 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel α-glucooligosaccharides were synthesized by the acceptor reaction of Leuconostoc citreum SK24.002 glucansucrase with maltose and sucrose. The impact of synthesis conditions, including the ratio of sucrose to maltose and the substrate concentration, on the formation of α-glucooligosaccharides was evaluated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the yield of a mixture of α-glucooligosaccharides with DP 3-5 reached approximately 56.4% with a concentration of 170.7 mg mL-1. Each of these α-glucooligosaccharides was purified, and the structures were assigned as follows: α-D-Glcp-(1,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-D-Glcp (DP3), α-D-Glcp-(1,3)-α-D-Glcp-(1,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-D-Glcp (DP4), and α-D-Glcp-(1,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1,3)-α-D-Glcp-(1,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1,4)-D-Glcp (DP5), respectively. For these three structurally different oligosaccharides, the fermentation selectivity by fecal bacteria was determined in anaerobic batch culture. Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) was used as a positive prebiotic control. Similar to FOS, all three α-glucooligosaccharides selectively stimulated the proliferation of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli compared with the control. DP3 exhibited the strongest prebiotic ability to increase the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus population, whereas DP5 produced the most short-chain fatty acids. In addition, DP4 produced the highest butyrate concentration and resulted in the lowest acetate : propionate ratio. These results suggested that the enzymatically synthesized α-glucooligosaccharides were potential prebiotics, underlining correlations between the structural features of oligosaccharides and their impact on the metabolism of fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.
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17
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Liu Y, Chen J, Tan Q, Deng X, Tsai PJ, Chen PH, Ye M, Guo J, Su Z. Nondigestible Oligosaccharides with Anti-Obesity Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4-16. [PMID: 31829005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has an important influence on health conditions, causing a multitude of complications and comorbidities, and drug therapy is considered to be one of the treatment strategies. Nowadays, there is increasing interest in the study of intestinal microbiota regulation of obesity; also, an increasing number of agricultural and sideline products have been found to have anti-obesity potential. In the present review, we summarize an overview of current known and potential anti-obesity oligosaccharides and their molecular structures. We describe their anti-obesity potential activity and the molecular structure associated with this activity, the regulation of intestinal microbiota composition and its mechanism of action, including regulation of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) pathway and altering bile acid (BA) pathway. This review will provide new ideas for us to develop new anti-obesity functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Qiuhua Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Ping-Ju Tsai
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) CO., LTD. , Linkou District, New Taipei City 24446 , Taiwan China
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- King-Prebiotics Biotechnology (TW) CO., LTD. , Linkou District, New Taipei City 24446 , Taiwan China
| | - Manxiang Ye
- New Francisco (Yunfu City) Biotechnology CO., LTD. , Swan-kan-chiau Industrial District, Kaofong Village Yunfu City 527343 , Guangdong , China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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18
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Nie J, Zhang L, Zhao G, Du X. Quercetin reduces atherosclerotic lesions by altering the gut microbiota and reducing atherogenic lipid metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1824-1834. [PMID: 31509634 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological studies have correlated cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis with lifestyle factors such as sedentary behaviour and a high-calorie diet. Recent studies of pathogenesis have highlighted the significance of the intestinal microbiota and chronic inflammation with respect to both the onset and development of atherosclerosis. This study examined the hypothesis that the oral administration of quercetin to low-density lipoprotein receptor-null (Ldlr-/- ) mice would improve gut health by altering the gut microbiota and controlling the levels of atherogenic lipid metabolites and proinflammatory mediators in the intestine and serum. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were maintained on a high-fat diet with or without oral quercetin administration for 12 weeks. Quercetin treatment suppressed body weight gains and reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus. Reduced malondialdehyde and increased interleukin 6 levels further indicated the protective effect of quercetin against immune/inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin led to decreased intestinal levels of cholesterol, lysophosphatidic acids and atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 18:1) and an increased level of coprostanol. A phylum-level microbial analysis revealed that quercetin treatment reduced the abundance of Verrocomicrobia and increased microbiome diversity and the abundances of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes. A Spearman analysis revealed negative correlations of Actinobacteria with intestinal and plasma LPC 18:1 and caecal cholesterol levels and of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria with the plasma LPC 18:1 level. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the ability of quercetin treatment to reduce lipid levels, as well as the areas of atherosclerotic lesions and sizes of plaques. This treatment also altered the composition of the gut microbiota and decreased the levels of atherogenic lipid metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Oral quercetin treatment may represent a new approach to mitigating the onset and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Du
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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