A novel n-type CdS nanorods/p-type LaFeO3 heterojunction nanocomposite with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance

Synergistic design of a graphene oxide-mediated polyaniline/α-Fe2O3 ternary heterostructure: advancing photocatalytic degradation and adsorption efficiency

With the growing threat of organic pollutants in water bodies, there is an urgent need for sustainable and efficient water decontamination methods. This research focused on synthesizing a novel Z-scheme ternary heterostructure composed of graphene oxide (GO)-mediated polyaniline (PANI) with α-Fe2O3 and investigated its potential in brilliant green (BrG) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation tests under visible light. The ternary composite demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity, with the optimized 10%PANI/GO/α-Fe2O3 (10PGF) photocatalyst achieving 99.8% degradation of BrG in 25 min and 93% degradation of CIP in 90 min of irradiation. The 10PGF composite achieved rate constants of 0.222 min-1 for BrG and 0.0295 min-1 for CIP. The rate constant for BrG degradation was 15 and 10 times faster than that for PANI and α-Fe2O3, respectively, while CIP was degraded 8.9 and 6.1 times faster. The degradation of the pollutants was facilitated by both O2˙- and ˙OH, as confirmed by capturing active species, a nitroblue tetrazolium test and use of a PL terephthalic acid probe. The proposed Z-scheme mechanism elucidated charge carrier movements and active species involvement, revealing the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the ternary composite. The 10PGF ternary composite demonstrated exceptional recyclability over five repeated cycles, with XRD analysis confirming no structural changes in the material. Moreover, adsorption studies were also performed, which showed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.974) with Langmuir isotherms and that pseudo-second order kinetics was followed.

Inhibitory effects of Curcumae Radix carbonisata-based carbon dots against liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice

As a processed product of traditional Chinese medicine Curcumae Radix, Curcumae Radix Carbonisata (CRC) has been widely used in the treatment of liver diseases in ancient medical books. In this study, novel carbon dots (CDs) extending from 1.0 to 4.5 nm were separated from fluid extricates of CRC. Meanwhile, a liver fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was utilized to determine the inhibitory effects of CRC-CDs against liver fibrosis. The results exhibited the CRC-CDs with a quantum yield of 1.34% have a significant inhibitory effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, as demonstrated by improving hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic tissue hyperplasia, downregulating the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total bile acid (TBA), triglyceride (TG), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in the serum, upregulating the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and downregulating the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), which lays an important foundation for the development of CRC-CDs as a novel drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis, and provide a certain experimental basis for the clinical application of CRC-CDs in the future.

Nanomaterial-Enhanced Hybrid Disinfection: A Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater

This review explores the potential of nanomaterial-enhanced hybrid disinfection methods as effective strategies for addressing the growing challenge of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater treatment. By integrating hybrid nanocomposites and nanomaterials, natural biocides such as terpenes, and ultrasonication, this approach significantly enhances disinfection efficiency compared to conventional methods. The review highlights the mechanisms through which hybrid nanocomposites and nanomaterials generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under blue LED irradiation, effectively disrupting MDR bacteria while improving the efficacy of natural biocides through synergistic interactions. Additionally, the review examines critical operational parameters-such as light intensity, catalyst dosage, and ultrasonication power-that optimize treatment outcomes and ensure the reusability of hybrid nanocomposites and other nanomaterials without significant loss of photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, this hybrid method shows promise in degrading ARGs, thereby addressing both microbial and genetic pollution. Overall, this review underscores the need for innovative wastewater treatment solutions that are efficient, sustainable, and scalable, contributing to the global fight against antimicrobial resistance.

Effect of metal ion on optical, photoluminescence, morphological, and photocatalytic properties of ZnS nanoparticles

The semiconducting materials of pure zinc sulfide (ZnS), 2.5 wt%, 5.0 wt%, 7.5 wt%, and 10 wt% of Ag-doped ZnS nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel technique. The prepared nanoparticles were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), UV-visible absorption, diffuse reflectance photoluminescence (PL), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to study the properties of pure ZnS and Ag-doped ZnS nanoparticles (NPs). The Ag-doped ZnS nanoparticles have a polycrystalline nature, which is confirmed by PXRD analysis. The functional groups were identified by the FTIR technique. The bandgap values decrease with increasing Ag concentration compared to pure ZnS NPs. The crystal size lies between 12 and 41 nm for pure ZnS and Ag-doped ZnS NPs. The presence of Zn, S, and Ag elements was confirmed by EDS analysis. Using methylene blue (MB), the photocatalytic activity of pure ZnS and Ag-doped ZnS NPs was performed. The highest degradation efficiency was observed for 7.5 wt% Ag-doped ZnS NPs.

Amoxicillin degradation by iron photonanocatalyst synthetized by green route using pumpkin (Tetsukabuto) peel extract

Amoxicillin is a pharmaceutical compound that is not degraded in wastewater treatment plants, causing harm to the environment. In this work, an iron nanoparticle (IPP) was synthesized using pumpkin (Tetsukabuto) peel extract for the degradation of amoxicillin under UV light. The IPP was characterized using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The photocatalytic efficiency of IPP was analyzed by investigating the effect of IPP dosage (1-3 g L^-1), initial amoxicillin concentration (10-40 mg L^-1), pH (3-9), reaction time (10-60 min), and the effect of inorganic ions (1 g L^-1). The optimum conditions for the maximum photodegradation removal (≈60%) were IPP = 2.5 g L^-1, initial amoxicillin concentration = 10 mg L^-1, pH = 5.6, and irradiation time = 60 min. The results of this study showed that inorganic ions (Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ca²⁺) negatively affect the photodegradation of amoxicillin by IPP; the quenching test showed that hydroxyl radical (OH^•) is the primary reactive species of the reaction; NMR analysis revealed changes in amoxicillin molecules after photoreaction; the subproducts of photodegradation were identified by LC-MS; the proposed kinetic model demonstrated good applicability, predicting the behavior of OH^• and determining the kinetic constant, and the cost analysis based on required energy (238.5 kWh m^-3 order^-1) indicated that the amoxicillin degradation method by IPP is economically viable. This study developed a new efficient iron nanocatalyst for the removal of antibiotics from aqueous environments and provided optimal conditions and relevant information in the area of advanced oxidative processes.

Charge Steering in Heterojunction Photocatalysis: General Principles, Design, Construction, and Challenges

Steering charge kinetics is a key to optimizing quantum efficiency. Advancing the design of photocatalysts (ranging from single semiconductor to multicomponent semiconductor junctions) that promise improved photocatalytic performance for converting solar to chemical energy, entails mastery of increasingly more complicated processes. Indeed, charge kinetics become more complex as both charge generation and charge consumption may occur simultaneously on different components, generally with charges being transferred from one component to another. Capturing detailed charge dynamics information in each heterojunction would provide numerous significant benefits for applications and has been needed for a long time. Here, the steering of charge kinetics by modulating charge energy states in the design of semiconductor-metal-interface-based heterogeneous photocatalysts is focused. These phenomena can be delineated by separating heterojunctions into classes exhibiting either Schottky/ohmic or plasmonic effects. General principles for the design and construction of heterojunction photocatalysts, including recent advances in the interfacing of semiconductors with graphene, carbon quantum dots, and graphitic carbon nitride are presented. Their limitations and possible future outlook are brought forward to further instruct the field in designing highly efficient photocatalysts.

Hollow CdS-ZnS-ZIF-8 Polyhedron for Visible Light-Induced Cr(VI) Reduction

By loading a small amount of cadmium acetate dihydrate on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), a hollow CdS-ZnS-ZIF-8 composite was facilely synthesized by rapid solid-phase grinding with thioacetamide. The evolution of the structure, composition, and photoelectrochemical properties was studied by a series of methods. When it was used as a photocatalyst, the hollow CdS-ZnS-ZIF-8 composite demonstrated a highly visible light response as well as a robust ability and reusability for Cr(VI) reduction, which could be ascribed to the hollow structure and ultrasmall CdS nanoparticles. Notably, the presence of ZIF-8-S (ZIF-8 ground with thioacetamide) could also obviously enhance the stability of CdS by promoting the separation of the photogenerated charge during light irradiation.

Enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution using Al-doped ZnS nanoparticles

The post-transition semiconducting material of pure zinc sulfide (ZnS) and various concentrations of aluminum (Al) (2.5 wt%, 5.0% wt, 7.5 wt%, and 10% calcined at 200 °C) doped ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by sol-gel procedure. The crystal-like nature and phase structure of the product were examined by powder XRD analysis. This analysis shows that the pure ZnS nanoparticle does not form any secondary phase. The functional group of synthesized materials was analyzed by FTIR examination. The energy gap of the materials is calculated using electro-optic analysis and the Kubelka-Munk equation varies from 3.04 nm to 3.63 nm. The photoluminescence studies show the wide emissions (blue to green) for pure ZnS and Al-doped ZnS nanomaterials. The SEM images show the spherical structure and the agglomerated nanostructures. The presence of Zn, S, and Al are confirmed by EDAX spectra. From HR-TEM studies, pure ZnS and Al-doped ZnS nanoparticles exhibit uniform particle sizes. The rate of degradation was observed using MB dye. MB dye has maximum wavelength (λ_max) of 664 nm. The dye degradation efficiency was improved as the dye ratio increased. Photocatalytic activities studies show the intensity of photocatalytic activities decreased for the maximum time interval. Doping of Al in ZnS boosts the photocatalytic activity. Hence, Al-doped ZnS appears to be better decomposing MB dye when exposed to visible light.

Solar-light-driven LaFe x Ni1- x O3 perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

LaFe _x Ni_{1- x} O₃ perovskite oxides were prepared by the sol-gel method under various conditions, including different pH values (pH 0 and pH 7) and different calcination temperatures (500-800 °C) as well as different Fe/Ni ratios (1/9, 3/7, 5/5, 7/3, 9/1). The samples were examined by XRD, DRS, BET, and SEM to reveal their crystallinity, light-absorption ability, specific surface area, and surface features, respectively. The photocatalytic Fenton reaction was conducted using various LaFe _x Ni_{1- x} O₃ perovskite oxides to decompose the methylene blue molecules. Accordingly, the synthesis condition of pH 0, calcination temperature at 700 °C, and Fe/Ni ratio = 7/3 could form LaFe_0.7Ni_0.3O₃ perovskite oxides as highly efficient photocatalysts. Moreover, various conditions during the photocatalytic degradation were verified, such as pH value, catalyst dosage, and the additional amount of H₂O₂. LaFe_0.7Ni_0.3O₃ perovskite oxides could operate efficiently under pH 3.5, catalyst dosage of 50 mg/150 mL, and H₂O₂ concentration of 133 ppm to decompose the MB dye in the 1st order kinetic rate constant of 0.0506 s^-1.

Quantum-dot sensitized hierarchical NiO p–n heterojunction for effective photocatalytic performance

A facile and low-cost pseudo successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique was used to deposit cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) on hierarchical nanoflower NiO to form effective and intimate NiO/CdS, p–n heterojunctions.

LaCoxFe1-XO3 (0≤x≤1) spherical nanostructures prepared via ultrasonic approach as photocatalysts

To harvest the photon energy, a sequenceof perovskite-type oxides of LaCoxFe1-xO3 (0 ≤x≤1) nanostructures with distinct 'Cobalt' doping at the position of B-site are successfully prepared via a simple ultrasonic approach as photocatalyst. The crystallinity, phase identification, microstructure, and morphology of perovskite nanocomposites were analyzed to better understand their physicochemical properties. The catalytic efficiency was assessedusing Congo Red (CR) dye by visible light irradiation for 30 min. Applying terephthalic acid as a probe molecule, the formation of hydroxyl radicals during the processes was investigated. The photocatalytic efficacy was measured by varying different Co/Fe stoichiometric molar ratios and noticed the order of sequence is 0.2 > 0.6 > 0.4 > 0.8 > 0.5 > 0 > 1 after 30 min of reaction time. Finally using LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3 nanostructures, cycling studies (n = 3) were performed to determine its photostability and reusability. The photocatalytic methodology proposed in this study was discussed extensively.

Au decorated BiVO4 inverse opal for efficient visible light driven water oxidation

Photocatalytic water splitting provides an effective way to prepare hydrogen and oxygen. However, the weak light utilization and sluggish kinetics in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process substantially retard the photocatalytic efficiency. In this context, modification of the semiconductors to overcome these limits has been the effective strategy for obtaining highly-efficient photocatalytic water oxidation. Here, plasmonic Au has been loaded onto BiVO4 inverse opal (IO) for photocatalytic water oxidation. It is discovered that the IO structure provides higher specific surface area and favors light absorption on BiVO4. In the meantime, the plasmonic Au can simultaneously enhance the light-utilization capability and photogenerated charge carrier utilization ability of the BiVO4 IO. As a result, a high photocurrent density and long photogenerated charge carrier lifetime can be achieved on the optimized Au-BiVO4 IO, thereby obtaining a superior photocatalytic activity with an oxygen production rate of 9.56 μmol g-1 h-1.

Z-scheme TiO2@Ti3C2/Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanocomposites with efficient photocatalytic performance via one-step hydrothermal route

Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants has been proved to be an effective strategy for wastewater treatment. Herein, TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized on a Ti₃C₂ matrix by in situ growth, forming Z-scheme TiO₂@Ti₃C₂/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S (TO/CZS) multilevel structured nanocomposites via one-step hydrothermal route. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S content on microstructure and properties of composites were assessed. TO/CZS nanocomposites were probed into phase composition, morphological and optical properties with x-ray diffractometer, infrared radiation, scanning electron microscope and UV-vis reflective spectra. Following the hydrothermal reaction at 160 °C for 12 h, TiO₂ nanoparticles of 30 nm in diameter were generated in situ on Ti₃C₂ lamina and Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S particles were evenly distributed on the Ti₃C₂ matrix. The photocatalytic activity of TO/CZS composites were evaluated, which found that degradation rate constant (k = 0.028 min^-1) of TO/CZS-40 on Rhodamine B was 5.19 times that of pure TiO₂ and 4.48 times that of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S. Through anchoring Ti₃C₂ as an electron transition mediator and combination with TiO₂ and Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S, the new Z-scheme between TiO₂ oxidized by Ti₃C₂ and Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S establishes a multilevel structure of separating electron-hole pairs. This work demonstrates a valid way to control electrons and hole transfer directions efficiently through designing multilevel semiconductor structural designs.

Visible-light-driven photo-Fenton degradation of ceftriaxone sodium using SnS2/LaFeO3 composite photocatalysts

The LaFeO3-based heterostructure photocatalyst and photo-Fenton process are combined to effectively treat ceftriaxone sodium (CRS) contaminant under visible light.

Construction of magnetic MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2 ternary nanocomposite supported on NaY zeolite and highly efficient sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

In this work, the novel magnetically separable NaY zeolite/MgFe₂O₄/CdS nanorods/MoS₂ nanoflowers nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through the ultrasonic-assisted solvothermal approach. FESEM, EDAX, XRD, FTIR, TEM, AFM, VSM, N₂-BET, UV-vis DRS and PL were utilized to identify the as-synthesized nanocomposite. Subsequently, the sonocatalytic activity of this nanocomposite was assessed in the degradation of organic dyes, including methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) from water solutions for the first time. Several analytical parameters like irradiation time, process type, initial MB concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, catalyst dosage, organic dye type, and US power have been systematically investigated to attain the maximum sonocatalytic yield. Regarding the acquired data, the NaY/MgFe₂O₄/CdS NRs/MoS₂ NFs sonocatalyst was incredibly able to completely eliminate the MB via engaging the US/H₂O₂ system. The kinetic evaluates demonstrated the sonodegradation reactions of the MB followed a first-order model. The apparent rate constant (k _app) and half-life time (t _1/2) acquired for the sonodegradation process of MB utilizing the US/H₂O₂/NaY/MgFe₂O₄/CdS NRs/MoS₂ NFs system were measured to be 1.162 min and 0.596 min^-1, respectively. The free ˙OH radicals were also recognized as the main reactive oxygen species in the MB sonodegradation process under US irradiation. In addition, the outcomes of the recyclability study of the NaY/MgFe₂O₄/CdS NRs/MoS₂ NFs sonocatalytic clearly displayed a less than 6% drop of the catalytic activity in up to four sequential runs. Lastly, a plausible mechanism for the sonodegradation reaction of organic dyes was suggested and discussed.

Activity enhancement pathways in LaFeO3@TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts for visible and solar light driven degradation of myclobutanil pesticide in water

LaFeO₃@TiO₂ heterojunction composites with a core-shell porous structure and LaFeO₃ contents in the 2.5-25 wt.% range have been synthesized via consecutive sol-gel syntheses and tested for the photocatalytic oxidation of the myclobutanil pesticide in water under solar light and pure visible light. Whatever the light spectrum, the kinetic rate constants for both myclobutanil degradation and TOC conversion exhibited a volcano-like profile with increasing the narrow band-gap (2.1 eV) LaFeO₃ content, the optimum composite strongly overperforming both single phases, with full myclobutanil mineralization achieved in 240 min in the best case. The light spectrum influenced the optimum LaFeO₃ content in the composite, being observed at 5 wt.% and 12.5 wt.% under solar and visible light, respectively. This has been attributed to the existence of different light-mediated reaction mechanisms. The optimum LaFeO₃/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst was active and stable after several runs under solar light with leached iron concentration below 0.1 mg/L in solution.

An organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterial composed of a Dowson-type (NH4)6P2Mo18O62 heteropolyanion and a metal-organic framework: synthesis, characterization, and application as an effective adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes

In this work, an inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterial, P2Mo18/MIL-101(Cr), based on Wells-Dawson-type (NH4)6P2Mo18O62 polyoxometalate (abbreviated as P2Mo18) and the MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic framework was fabricated by the reaction of (NH4)6P2Mo18O62, Cr(NO3)3·9H2O and terephthalic acid under hydrothermal conditions. The as-prepared recyclable nanohybrid was fully characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area studies. All the analyses confirmed the successful insertion of P2Mo18O62 6- heteropolyanion within the cavities of MIL-101(Cr). The encapsulated MIL-101(Cr) showed a considerable decrease in both pore volume and surface area compared with MIL-101(Cr) due to incorporation of the very large Dowson-type polyoxometalate into the three-dimensional porous MIL-101(Cr). The nanohybrid had a specific surface area of 800.42 m2 g-1. The adsorption efficiency of this nanohybrid for removal of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. Surprisingly, the composite not only presented a high adsorption capacity of 312.5 mg g-1 for MB, but also has the ability to rapidly remove 100% MB from a dye solution of 50 mg L-1 within 3 min. These results confirmed that this adsorbent is applicable in a wide pH range of 2-10. The nanohybrid showed rapid and selective adsorption for cationic MB and RhB dyes from MB/MO, MB/RhB, MO/RhB and MB/MO/RhB mixed dye solutions. The equilibrium adsorption data were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. Kinetics data indicate that the adsorption of the dye follows a pseudo-second order kinetics model. Also, this material could be effortlessly separated and recycled without any structural modification. Accordingly, it is an efficient adsorbent for removing cationic dyes.

Highly efficient In-Mo(O,S)2 oxy-sulfide for degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation: An example of photocatalyst on its dye selectivity

Environmentally toxic organic pollutants, namely methylene blue (MB), neutral red (NR), Rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl orange (MO) dyes contain highly toxic, carcinogenic, non-biodegradable, and colored pigments which cause harm for humans and aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. To detoxify these toxic organic pollutants from the wastewater, the bimetallic solid solution-typed In-Mo(O,S)₂ catalyst with various indium (In) contents were synthesized at low temperature through a simple precipitation method. The morphological, structural, chemical compositions, electrochemical and optical properties of the catalysts were thoroughly characterized. The photodegradation performance of the In-Mo(O,S)₂ catalysts over the cationic, anionic and neutral dyes were studied under visible light irradiation. It has been observed that the photocatalytic activity was enhanced as In was added to the Mo(O,S)₂ catalyst, and In-Mo(O,S)₂-20 was found to be the best composition to completely degrade four organic dyes. The dye degradation had rate constant values of 9.5 × 10^-2 min^-1, 6.3 × 10^-2 min^-1, 4.4 × 10^-2 min^-1, and 15.7 × 10^-1 min^-1 for MB (20 ppm), NR (20 ppm), RhB (10 ppm), and MO (10 ppm) dyes, respectively. The active species for degradation of MB is different from those for RhB and MO. Single phase In-Mo(O,S)₂-20 capable to degrade four kinds of dyes at a fast rate is a good photocatalyst.

Fabrication of a novel magnetic CdS nanorod/NiFe2O4/NaX zeolite nanocomposite with enhanced sonocatalytic performance in the degradation of organic dyes

Herein, magnetically separable CdS nanorods (NRs)/NiFe₂O₄/NaX zeolite ternary nanocomposite was fabricated and applied for the enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel manganese ferrite–metal organic framework MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposite as an efficient and magnetically recyclable sonocatalyst

A magnetic MnFe₂O₄/MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposite was synthesized and applied as a novel sonocatalyst for enhanced degradation of organic dye pollutants.

A novel CoFe2O4@Cr-MIL-101/Y zeolite ternary nanocomposite as a magnetically separable sonocatalyst for efficient sonodegradation of organic dye contaminants from water

In this research, a novel magnetic sonocatalyst nanocomposite, CoFe₂O₄@Cr-MIL-101/Y zeolite, has been successfully fabricated employing a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared catalyst was thoroughly identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), EDS elemental dot-mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and nitrogen Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (N₂-BET) analyses. The procured CoFe₂O₄@Cr-MIL-101/Y nanocomposite was then assessed for the decomposition of three types of organic dyes namely methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) from water solution using ultrasound irradiation and subsequently monitored via UV-Vis absorption technique. The sonodecomposition reactions of organic dyes were accomplished in the presence of the H₂O₂ solution as a green oxidizing agent. Furthermore, the influence of various experimental independent factors such as irradiation time, process type, initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, H₂O₂ concentration, scavenger type, and catalyst regeneration on the decomposition of MB, RhB and MO were surveyed. Additionally, a first order kinetic model was applied to investigate the sonodecomposition reactions of dye contaminants. The rate constant (k) and half-life (t_1/2) data were gained as 0.0675 min⁻¹ and 10.2666 min, respectively, for the decomposition of MB in the US/H₂O₂/CoFe₂O₄@Cr-MIL-101/Y system. Besides, evaluating the attained results, the distinctive performance of ˙OH as the radical scavenger originating from H₂O₂ throughout the sonodecomposition process is vividly approved.

A novel magnetically separable CoFe₂O₄@Cr-MIL-101/Y zeolite ternary nanocomposite was prepared and applied as a sonocatalyst for efficient degradation of organic contaminants.