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Wei W, Wang Z, Wang B, He X, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yang Q, Pang W, Duan X. Acoustofluidic manipulation for submicron to nanoparticles. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38794970 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Particles, ranging from submicron to nanometer scale, can be broadly categorized into biological and non-biological types. Submicron-to-nanoscale bioparticles include various bacteria, viruses, liposomes, and exosomes. Non-biological particles cover various inorganic, metallic, and carbon-based particles. The effective manipulation of these submicron to nanoparticles, including their separation, sorting, enrichment, assembly, trapping, and transport, is a fundamental requirement for different applications. Acoustofluidics, owing to their distinct advantages, have emerged as a potent tool for nanoparticle manipulation over the past decade. Although recent literature reviews have encapsulated the evolution of acoustofluidic technology, there is a paucity of reports specifically addressing the acoustical manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles. This article endeavors to provide a comprehensive study of this topic, delving into the principles, apparatus, and merits of acoustofluidic manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles, and discussing the state-of-the-art developments in this technology. The discourse commences with an introduction to the fundamental theory of acoustofluidic control and the forces involved in nanoparticle manipulation. Subsequently, the working mechanism of acoustofluidic manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles is dissected into two parts, dominated by the acoustic wave field and the acoustic streaming field. A critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of different acoustofluidic platforms in nanoparticles control is presented. The article concludes with a summary of the challenges acoustofluidics face in the realm of nanoparticle manipulation and analysis, and a forecast of future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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2
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Peng T, Lin X, Li L, Huang L, Jiang B, Jia Y. Investigation on submicron particle separation and deflection using tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave microfluidics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25042. [PMID: 38322952 PMCID: PMC10845702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of in vitro diagnostics, extracting submicron scale particles from mixed body fluids samples is crucial. In recent years, microfluidic separation has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency, label-free, and inexpensive nature. Among the microfluidic-based separation, the separation based on ultrasonic standing waves has gradually become a powerful tool. A microfluid environment containing a tilted-angle ultrasonic standing surface acoustic wave (taSSAW) field has been widely adapted and designed to separate submicron particles for biochemical applications. This paper investigated submicron particle defection in microfluidics using taSSAWs analytically. Particles with 0.1-1 μm diameters were analyzed under acoustic pressure, flow rate, tilted angle, and SSAW frequency. According to different acoustic radiation forces acting on the particles, the motion of large-diameter particles was more likely to deflect to the direction of the nodal lines. Decreasing the input flow rate or increasing acoustic pressure and acoustic wave frequency can improve particle deflection. The tilted angle can be optimized by analyzing the simulation results. Based on the simulation analysis, we experimentally showed the separation of polystyrene microspheres (100 nm) from the mixed particles and exosomes (30-150 nm) from human plasma. This research results can provide a certain reference for the practical design of bioparticle separation utilizing acoustofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Luming Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology – Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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3
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Rufo J, Zhang P, Wang Z, Gu Y, Yang K, Rich J, Chen C, Zhong R, Jin K, He Y, Xia J, Li K, Wu J, Ouyang Y, Sadovsky Y, Lee LP, Huang TJ. High-yield and rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles by flocculation via orbital acoustic trapping: FLOAT. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:23. [PMID: 38317693 PMCID: PMC10838941 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as promising biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases. However, challenges in separating EVs from soluble proteins have resulted in variable EV recovery rates and low purities. Here, we report a high-yield ( > 90%) and rapid ( < 10 min) EV isolation method called FLocculation via Orbital Acoustic Trapping (FLOAT). The FLOAT approach utilizes an acoustofluidic droplet centrifuge to rotate and controllably heat liquid droplets. By adding a thermoresponsive polymer flocculant, nanoparticles as small as 20 nm can be rapidly and selectively concentrated at the center of the droplet. We demonstrate the ability of FLOAT to separate urinary EVs from the highly abundant Tamm-Horsfall protein, addressing a significant obstacle in the development of EV-based liquid biopsies. Due to its high-yield nature, FLOAT reduces biofluid starting volume requirements by a factor of 100 (from 20 mL to 200 µL), demonstrating its promising potential in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ye He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jiarong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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4
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Zhang D, Hu Y, Gao R, Ge S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xia N. Numerical and experimental investigation on the performance of rapid ultrasonic-assisted nucleic acid extraction based on dispersive two-phase flow. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342176. [PMID: 38220306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) is an essential step in the whole process of nucleic acid detection (NAT). Traditional manual extraction methods are time-consuming and laborious, unfavorable to the point-of-care testing of nucleic acids. Ultrasound has been emphasized due to its noncontact and easy-to-manipulate characteristics, and integration with microfluidic chip can realize rapid NAE through acoustic streaming effect. The uniformity of magnetic bead mixing in this process is a critical factor affecting the extraction effect. In this study, we developed an ultrasound-assisted NAE technique based on the magnetic bead method and optimized the chip structure to achieve rapid NAE. RESULT We use ultrasonic-assisted coupled with magnetic bead method for ultra-fast NAE. The mixing process of magnetic beads driven by acoustic streaming is simulated by a dispersive two-phase flow model, and the ultrasonic incidence angle (θin), cone structure aspect ratio (Dc/Hc) and sheet structure thickness (Hp) are optimized to enhance the mixing performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of NAE is validated by utilizing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection. The findings reveal that a θin value of 10° yields superior mixing performance compared to other incidence angles, resulting in a maximum increase of 84 % in mixing intensity. When Dc/Hc = 0.5 and Hp = 0.5 mm, the maximum mixing index in the localized region of the chamber after 1 s of ultrasound action can reach 83.6 % and 92.5 %, respectively. Compared to the original chamber, the CT values extracted after 5 s of ultrasound action shifted forward by up to 1.9 ct and 4.1 ct, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The dispersed two-phase flow model can effectively simulate the mixing process of magnetic beads, which plays an important role in assisting the structural design of chip extraction chambers. The single-step mixing of ultrasound-assisted NAE takes only 15s to achieve an extraction performance comparable to manual extraction. The extraction process can be completed within 7 min after integrating this technology with microfluidic chips and automated equipment, providing a solution for automated and efficient NAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Hu
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Fujian, China; Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Runxin Gao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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5
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Shen Y, Gwak H, Han B. Advanced manufacturing of nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics using microfluidics. Analyst 2024; 149:614-637. [PMID: 38083968 PMCID: PMC10842755 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01739g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous innovative nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics, named nano-formulations, have been developed in the last two decades. However, methods for their scaled-up production are still lagging, as the amount needed for large animal tests and clinical trials is typically orders of magnitude larger. This manufacturing challenge poses a critical barrier to successfully translating various nano-formulations. This review focuses on how microfluidics technology has become a powerful tool to overcome this challenge by synthesizing various nano-formulations with improved particle properties and product purity in large quantities. This microfluidic-based manufacturing is enabled by microfluidic mixing, which is capable of the precise and continuous control of the synthesis of nano-formulations. We further discuss the specific applications of hydrodynamic flow focusing, a staggered herringbone micromixer, a T-junction mixer, a micro-droplet generator, and a glass capillary on various types of nano-formulations of polymeric, lipid, inorganic, and nanocrystals. Various separation and purification microfluidic methods to enhance the product purity are reviewed, including acoustofluidics, hydrodynamics, and dielectrophoresis. We further discuss the challenges of microfluidics being used by broader research and industrial communities. We also provide future outlooks of its enormous potential as a decentralized approach for manufacturing nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Hogyeong Gwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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6
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Khan MS, Ali M, Lee SH, Jang KY, Lee SJ, Park J. Acoustofluidic separation of prolate and spherical micro-objects. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38222472 PMCID: PMC10784511 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Most microfluidic separation techniques rely largely on object size as a separation marker. The ability to separate micro-objects based on their shape is crucial in various biomedical and chemical assays. Here, we develop an on-demand, label-free acoustofluidic method to separate prolate ellipsoids from spherical microparticles based on traveling surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic radiation force and torque. The freely rotating non-spherical micro-objects were aligned under the progressive acoustic field by the counterrotating radiation torque, and the major axis of the prolate ellipsoids was parallel to the progressive wave propagation. The specific alignment of the ellipsoidal particles resulted in a reduction in the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the wave propagation. As a consequence, the acoustic backscattering decreased, resulting in a decreased magnitude of the radiation force. Through the variation in radiation force, which depended on the micro-object morphology enabled the acoustofluidic shape-based separation. We conducted numerical simulations for the wave scattering of spherical and prolate objects to elucidate the working mechanism underlying the proposed method. A series of experiments with polystyrene microspheres, prolate ellipsoids, and peanut-shaped microparticles were performed for validation. Through quantitative analysis of the separation efficiency, we confirmed the high purity and high recovery rate of the proposed acoustofluidic shape-based separation of micro-objects. As a bioparticle, we utilize Thalassiosira eccentrica to perform shape-based separation, as the species has a variety of potential applications in drug delivery, biosensing, nanofabrication, bioencapsulation and immunoisolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Soban Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Mushtaq Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ha Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Jang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18323 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18323 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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7
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Yang Y, Miao L, Lu Y, Sun Y, Wang S. Exosome, the glass slipper for Cinderella of cancer-bladder cancer? J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:368. [PMID: 37805491 PMCID: PMC10560442 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm secreted by almost all cells. They have been found play crucial regulatory roles in various diseases. With the development of exosomes engineering technology, exosome-based drug delivery has also rapidly evolved. Bladder cancer is a worldwide disease with high morbidity and recurrence but lack of funding, so it is also called Cinderella. Some explorations have demonstrated that exosomes are important in the development, prognosis, diagnosis and drug delivery of bladder cancer. With the rapid development of Mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing, increasing numbers of differentially expressed molecules derived from exosomes have been found in bladder cancer. Exosomes and their contents are largely involved in bladder cancer progression, engineering of these exosomes with the targeted genes improves their potential for drug delivery of bladder cancer. Furthermore, exosomes and their contents are relate to many characteristics of bladder cancer. Herein, we briefly search 59 researches to explore the cargoes encapsuled in exosomes of bladder cancer patients. We also summarize the biogenesis, function, expression profiles, engineering approaches and biological mechanisms of exosomes and their contents for the diagnosis, prognosis and drug delivery for bladder cancer. We aim to make it clear whether exosomes are the glass slippers of Cinderella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Lintao Miao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yuchao Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
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8
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Mezzanzanica G, Français O, Mariani S. Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Microfluidic Device for Microparticles Manipulation: Effects of Microchannel Elasticity on the Device Performance. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1799. [PMID: 37763962 PMCID: PMC10537826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Size sorting, line focusing, and isolation of microparticles or cells are fundamental ingredients in the improvement of disease diagnostic tools adopted in biology and biomedicine. Microfluidic devices are exploited as a solution to transport and manipulate (bio)particles via a liquid flow. Use of acoustic waves traveling through the fluid provides non-contact solutions to the handling goal, by exploiting the acoustophoretic phenomenon. In this paper, a finite element model of a microfluidic surface acoustic wave-based device for the manipulation of microparticles is reported. Counter-propagating waves are designed to interfere inside a PDMS microchannel and generate a standing surface acoustic wave which is transmitted to the fluid as a standing pressure field. A model of the cross-section of the device is considered to perform a sensitivity analysis of such a standing pressure field to uncertainties related to the geometry of the microchannel, especially in terms of thickness and width of the fluid domain. To also assess the effects caused by possible secondary waves traveling in the microchannel, the PDMS is modeled as an elastic solid material. Remarkable effects and possible issues in microparticle actuation, as related to the size of the microchannel, are discussed by way of exemplary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Mezzanzanica
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Olivier Français
- Electronics, Communication systems and Microsystems (ESYCOM), Université Gustave Eiffel, National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France;
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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9
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Li Z, Liu C, Cheng Y, Li Y, Deng J, Bai L, Qin L, Mei H, Zeng M, Tian F, Zhang S, Sun J. Cascaded microfluidic circuits for pulsatile filtration of extracellular vesicles from whole blood for early cancer diagnosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2819. [PMID: 37083528 PMCID: PMC10121168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold the potential to substantially improve noninvasive early diagnosis of cancer. However, analysis of nanosized EVs in blood samples has been hampered by lack of effective, rapid, and standardized methods for isolating and detecting EVs. To address this difficulty, here we use the electric-hydraulic analogy to design cascaded microfluidic circuits for pulsatile filtration of EVs via integration of a cell-removal circuit and an EV-isolation circuit. The microfluidic device is solely driven by a pneumatic clock pulse generator, allowing for preprogrammed, clog-free, gentle, high-yield, and high-purity isolation of EVs directly from blood within 30 minutes. We demonstrate its clinical utility by detecting protein markers of isolated EVs from patient blood using a polyethylene glycol-enhanced thermophoretic aptasensor, with 91% accuracy for diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. The cascaded microfluidic circuits can have broad applications in the field of EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangchang Cheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yike Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinqi Deng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixiao Bai
- Department of Breast Cancer, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Department of Breast Cancer, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Huili Mei
- Beijing Sihui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Beijing Sihui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author. (J.S.); (S.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
- Corresponding author. (J.S.); (S.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author. (J.S.); (S.Z.); (F.T.)
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10
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Hettiarachchi S, Cha H, Ouyang L, Mudugamuwa A, An H, Kijanka G, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Recent microfluidic advances in submicron to nanoparticle manipulation and separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:982-1010. [PMID: 36367456 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, precipitation and immunoaffinity capture are limited by high cost, low resolution, low purity or the risk of damage to biological particles. Microfluidics can accurately control fluid flow in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometres. Rapid microfluidics advancement has enabled precise sorting and isolating of nanoparticles with better resolution and efficiency than conventional technologies. This paper comprehensively studies the latest progress in microfluidic technology for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation. We first summarise the principles of the traditional techniques for manipulating nanoparticles. Following the classification of microfluidic techniques as active, passive, and hybrid approaches, we elaborate on the physics, device design, working mechanism and applications of each technique. We also compare the merits and demerits of different microfluidic techniques and benchmark them with conventional technologies. Concurrently, we summarise seven standard post-separation detection techniques for nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives on microfluidic technology for nanoparticle manipulation and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | | | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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11
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Lee SH, Cha B, Ko J, Afzal M, Park J. Acoustofluidic separation of proteins from platelets in human blood plasma using aptamer-functionalized microparticles. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:024105. [PMID: 37153865 PMCID: PMC10162022 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising clinical assay for early diagnosis. Herein, we propose acoustofluidic separation of biomarker proteins from platelets in plasma using aptamer-functionalized microparticles. As model proteins, C-reactive protein and thrombin were spiked in human platelet-rich plasma. The target proteins were selectively conjugated with their corresponding aptamer-functionalized microparticles of different sizes, and the particle complexes served as a mobile carrier for the conjugated proteins. The proposed acoustofluidic device was composed of an interdigital transducer (IDT) patterned on a piezoelectric substrate and a disposable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip. The PDMS chip was placed in a tilted arrangement with the IDT to utilize both vertical and horizontal components of surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic radiation force (ARF) for multiplexed assay at high-throughput. The two different-sized particles experienced the ARF at different magnitudes and were separated from platelets in plasma. The IDT on the piezoelectric substrate could be reusable, while the microfluidic chip can be replaceable for repeated assays. The sample processing throughput with the separation efficiency >95% has been improved such that the volumetric flow rate and flow velocity were 1.6 ml/h and 37 mm/s, respectively. For the prevention of platelet activation and protein adsorption to the microchannel, polyethylene oxide solution was introduced as sheath flows and coating on to the walls. We conducted scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy , and sodium dodecyl sulfate- analysis before and after the separation to confirm the protein capture and separation. We expect that the proposed approach will provide new prospects for particle-based liquid biopsy using blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ha Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Center of Immunology Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, 171 Av, De Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lee Y, Ni J, Beretov J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Recent advances of small extracellular vesicle biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 36797736 PMCID: PMC9933347 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical tools for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis are insufficient but liquid biopsy of different bodily fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive strategy that provides a real-time snapshot of tumour biomarkers for early diagnosis, active surveillance of progression, and post-treatment recurrence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous structures 50-1000 nm in diameter that are released by cells into biological fluids. EVs contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids which play pivotal roles in tumourigenesis and metastasis through cell-to-cell communication. Proteins and miRNAs from small EVs (sEV), which range in size from 50-150 nm, are being investigated as a potential source for novel BC biomarkers using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and next-generation sequencing. This review covers recent developments in sEV isolation and single sEV analysis technologies and summarises the sEV protein and miRNA biomarkers identified for BC diagnosis, prognosis, and chemoresistance. The limitations of current sEV biomarker research are discussed along with future perspective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Valerie C. Wasinger
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Yong Li
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
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13
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Vosough P, Khatami SH, Hashemloo A, Tajbakhsh A, Karimi-Fard F, Taghvimi S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Soltani Fard E, Savardashtaki A, Movahedpour A. Exosomal lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117216. [PMID: 36592922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, these cancers are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages due to lack of reliable biomarkers that are sufficiently specific and sensitive in early disease. There has been growing evidence that circulating exosomes can be used to diagnose cancer non-invasively with limited risks and side effects. Furthermore, exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a new class of promising biomarkers in cancer. This review provides an overview of the extraction and detection of exosomal lncRNAs with a focus on their potential role in GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vosough
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Han J, Hu H, Lei Y, Huang Q, Fu C, Gai C, Ning J. Optimization Analysis of Particle Separation Parameters for a Standing Surface Acoustic Wave Acoustofluidic Chip. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:311-323. [PMID: 36643460 PMCID: PMC9835635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microparticle separation technology is an important technology in many biomedical and chemical engineering applications from sample detection to disease diagnosis. Although a variety of microparticle separation techniques have been developed thus far, surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based microfluidic separation technology shows great potential because of its high throughput, high precision, and integration with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels. In this work, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic separation chip that includes a piezoelectric device that generates tilted-angle standing SAWs and a permanently bonded PDMS microchannel. We established a mathematical model of particle motion in the microchannel, simulated the particle trajectory through finite element simulation and numerical simulation, and then verified the validity of the model through acoustophoresis experiments. To improve the performance of the separation chip, the influences of particle size, flow rate, and input power on the particle deflection distance were studied. These parameters are closely related to the separation purity and separation efficiency. By optimizing the control parameters, the separation of micron and submicron particles under different throughput conditions was achieved. Moreover, the separation samples were quantitatively analyzed by digital light scattering technology and flow cytometry, and the results showed that the maximum purity of the separated particles was ∼95%, while the maximum efficiency was ∼97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Han
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Hong Hu
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yulin Lei
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | | | - Chen Fu
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Chenhui Gai
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jia Ning
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
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15
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Zhu Q, Yan T, Yang Y, Song Y, Lu J, Luo Y, Xu LP, Xu T. Programmable Microparticle Array for In Situ Modification and Multiple miRNA Detection. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3654-3659. [PMID: 36448914 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of multiple miRNAs of one disease can greatly reduce misdiagnosis and improve the detection rate, which is helpful for early cancer diagnosis. Here, a programmable microparticle-array-based acoustic microchip for in situ simultaneous multiple miRNAs detection is developed. On this microchip, the multiple probes-labeled microparticle array can be procedurally arranged in a microfluidic reaction chamber when four orthogonally piezoelectric transducers are applied. The probes-labeled microparticle array offers a platform for full molecular contact under dynamic ultrasonic streaming, and the array supplies a multipoint data correction to reduce the false positive of the detection results for more precisely visible fluorescence multiple target miRNAs sensing. We employed miRNA-21, miRNA-210, and miRNA-155 as specific biomarkers of pancreatic cancer and successfully finished the multiple miRNAs simultaneous detection in the microchip with a detection limit of 139.1, 179.9, and 111.4 pM, respectively. Such a device is programmable by adjusting the imputing frequency and voltage, and target biomarkers can be easily collected when the ultrasound force is released for further analysis, which shows great potential in multiple miRNAs enrichment and simultaneous detection for cancer clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingxiu Yan
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuemeng Yang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Song
- Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Luo
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong518060, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen X, Zhang C, Liu B, Chang Y, Pang W, Duan X. A self-contained acoustofluidic platform for biomarker detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3817-3826. [PMID: 36069822 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00541g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-contained microfluidic platforms with on-chip integration of flow control units, microreactors, (bio)sensors, etc. are ideal systems for point-of-care (POC) testing. However, current approaches such as micropumps and microvalves, increase the cost and the control system, and it is rather difficult to integrate into a single chip. Herein, we demonstrated a versatile acoustofluidic platform actuated by a Lamb wave resonator (LWR) array, in which pumping, mixing, fluidic switching, and particle trapping are all achieved on a single chip. The high-speed microscale acoustic streaming triggered by the LWR in the confined microchannel can be utilized to realize a flow resistor and switch. Variable unidirectional pumping was realized by regulating the relative position of the LWR in various custom-designed microfluidic structures and adoption of different geometric parameters for the microchannel. In addition, to realize quantitative biomarker detection, the on-chip flow resistor, micropump, micromixer and particle trapper were also integrated with a CMOS photo sensor and electronic driver circuit, resulting in an automated handheld microfluidic system with no moving parts. Finally, the acoustofluidic platform was tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) sensing, which demonstrates the biocompatibility and applied potency of this proposed self-contained system in POC biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chuanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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17
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Khan MS, Sahin MA, Destgeer G, Park J. Residue-free acoustofluidic manipulation of microparticles via removal of microchannel anechoic corner. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 89:106161. [PMID: 36088893 PMCID: PMC9464887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based acoustofluidics has shown significant promise to manipulate micro/nanoscale objects for biomedical applications, e.g. cell separation, enrichment, and sorting. A majority of the acoustofluidic devices utilize microchannels with rectangular cross-section where the acoustic waves propagate in the direction perpendicular to the sample flow. A region with weak acoustic wave intensity, termed microchannel anechoic corner (MAC), is formed inside a rectangular microchannel of the acoustofluidic devices where the ultrasonic waves refract into the fluid at the Rayleigh angle with respect to the normal to the substrate. Due to the absence of a strong acoustic field within the MAC, the microparticles flowing adjacent to the microchannel wall remain unaffected by a direct SAW-induced acoustic radiation force (ARF). Moreover, an acoustic streaming flow (ASF) vortex produced within the MAC pulls the particles further into the corner and away from the direct ARF influence. Therefore, a residue of particles continues to flow past the SAWs without intended deflection, causing a decrease in microparticle manipulation efficiency. In this work, we introduce a cross-type acoustofluidic device composed of a half-circular microchannel, fabricated through a thermal reflow of a positive photoresist mold, to overcome the limitations associated with rectangular microchannels, prone to the MAC formation. We investigated the effects of different microchannel cross-sectional shapes with varying contact angles on the microparticle deflection in a continuous flow and found three distinct regimes of particle deflection. By systematically removing the MAC out of the microchannel cross-section, we achieved residue-free acoustofluidic microparticle manipulation via SAW-induced ARF inside a half-circular microchannel. The proposed method was applied to efficient fluorescent coating of the microparticles in a size-selective manner without any residue particles left undeflected in the MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Soban Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehmet Akif Sahin
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Control and Manipulation of Microscale Living Objects, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Liu L, Zhou J, Tan K, Zhang H, Yang X, Duan H, Fu Y. A simplified three-dimensional numerical simulation approach for surface acoustic wave tweezers. ULTRASONICS 2022; 125:106797. [PMID: 35780714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) have been extensively used as acoustic tweezers to manipulate, transport, and separate microparticles and biological cells in a microscale fluidic environment, with great potentials for biomedical sensing, genetic analysis, and therapeutics applications. Currently, there lacks an accurate, reliable, and efficient three-dimensional (3D) modeling platform to simulate behaviors of micron-size particles/cells in acoustofluidics, which is crucial to provide the guidance for the experimental studies. The major challenge for achieving this is the computational complexity of 3D modeling. Herein, a simplified but effective 3D SSAW microfluidic model was developed to investigate the separation and manipulation of particles. This model incorporates propagation attenuation of the surface waves to increase the modeling accuracy, while simplifies the modeling of piezoelectric substrates and the wall of microchannel by determining the effective propagation region of the substrate. We have simulated the SSAWs microfluidics device, and systematically analyzed effects of voltage, tilt angle, and flow rate on the separation of the particles under the SSAWs. The obtained simulation results are compared with those obtained from the experimental studies, showing good agreements. This simplified modeling platform could become a convenient tool for acoustofluidic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Liu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Kaitao Tan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology, School of Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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19
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A Perturbed Asymmetrical Y-TypeSheathless Chip for Particle Control Based on Adjustable Tilted-Angle Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves (ataTSAWs). BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080611. [PMID: 36005007 PMCID: PMC9406206 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The precise control of target particles (20 µm) at different inclination angles θi is achieved by combining a perturbed asymmetric sheathless Y-type microchannel and a digital transducer (IDT). The offset single-row micropillar array with the buffer area can not only concentrate large and small particles in a fixed region of the flow channel, but also avoid the large deflection of some small particles at the end of the array. The addition of the buffer area can effectively improve the separation purity of the chip. By exploring the manufacturing process of the microchannel substrate, an adjustable tilted-angle scheme is proposed. The use of ataTSAW makes the acoustic field area in the microchannel have no corner effect region. Through experiments, when the signal source frequency was 33.6 MHz, and the flow rate was 20 µL/min, our designed chip could capture 20 µm particles when θi = 5°. The deflection of 20 µm particles can be realized when θi = 15°–45°. The precise dynamic separation of 20 µm particles can be achieved when θi = 25°–45°, and the separation purity and efficiency were 97% and 100%, respectively.
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20
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Jin G, Rich J, Xia J, He AJ, Zhao C, Huang TJ. An acoustofluidic scanning nanoscope using enhanced image stacking and processing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:81. [PMID: 35846176 PMCID: PMC9279327 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale optical resolution with a large field of view is a critical feature for many research and industry areas, such as semiconductor fabrication, biomedical imaging, and nanoscale material identification. Several scanning microscopes have been developed to resolve the inverse relationship between the resolution and field of view; however, those scanning microscopes still rely upon fluorescence labeling and complex optical systems. To overcome these limitations, we developed a dual-camera acoustofluidic nanoscope with a seamless image merging algorithm (alpha-blending process). This design allows us to precisely image both the sample and the microspheres simultaneously and accurately track the particle path and location. Therefore, the number of images required to capture the entire field of view (200 × 200 μm) by using our acoustofluidic scanning nanoscope is reduced by 55-fold compared with previous designs. Moreover, the image quality is also greatly improved by applying an alpha-blending imaging technique, which is critical for accurately depicting and identifying nanoscale objects or processes. This dual-camera acoustofluidic nanoscope paves the way for enhanced nanoimaging with high resolution and a large field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonsoo Jin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Albert J. He
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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21
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Kim S, Nam H, Cha B, Park J, Sung HJ, Jeon JS. Acoustofluidic Stimulation of Functional Immune Cells in a Microreactor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:2105809. [PMID: 35686137 PMCID: PMC9165514 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic response of natural killer (NK) cells in a microreactor to surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is investigated, where the SAWs produce an acoustic streaming flow. The Rayleigh-type SAWs form by an interdigital transducer propagated along the surface of a piezoelectric substrate in order to allow the dynamic stimulation of functional immune cells in a noncontact and rotor-free manner. The developed acoustofluidic microreactor enables a dynamic cell culture to be set up in a miniaturized system while maintaining the performance of agitating media. The present SAW system creates acoustic streaming flow in the cylindrical microreactor and applies flow-induced shear stress to the cells. The suspended NK cells are found to not be damaged by the SAW operation of the adjusted experimental setup. Suspended NK cell aggregates subjected to an SAW treatment show increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Simultaneously treating the NK cells with SAWs and protein kinase C activator enhances the lysosomal protein expressions of the cells and the cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target tumor cells. These have important implications by showing that acoustically actuated system allows dynamic cell culture without cell damages and further alters cytotoxicity-related cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeono Nam
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Cha
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S. Jeon
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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22
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Chen Y, Liu F, Lee LP. Quantitative and ultrasensitive in situ immunoassay technology for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3481. [PMID: 35613342 PMCID: PMC9132547 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an immense global health crisis. However, the lack of efficient and sensitive on-site testing methods limits early detection for timely isolation and intervention. Here, we present a quantitative and ultrasensitive in situ immunoassay technology for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in saliva (QUIT SARS-CoV-2). Our nanoporous membrane resonator generates a rapid oscillating flow to purify and concentrate fully intact SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva by 40-fold for in situ detection of viral antigens based on chemiluminescent immunoassay within 20 min. This method can not only achieve a detection sensitivity below 100 copies/ml of virus, comparable to the bench-top PCR equipment; it can also improve detection specificity via direct monitoring of viral loads. The integrated portable QUIT SARS-CoV-2 system, which enables rapid and accurate on-site viral screening with a high-throughput sample pooling strategy, can be performed in primary care settings and substantially improve the detection and prevention of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- WellSIM Biomedical Technologies Inc., 626 Bancroft Way, Suite A, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- WellSIM Biomedical Technologies Inc., 626 Bancroft Way, Suite A, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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23
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Sachs S, Baloochi M, Cierpka C, König J. On the acoustically induced fluid flow in particle separation systems employing standing surface acoustic waves - Part I. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2011-2027. [PMID: 35482303 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By integrating surface acoustic waves (SAW) into microfluidic devices, microparticle systems can be fractionated precisely in flexible and easily scalable Lab-on-a-Chip platforms. The widely adopted driving mechanism behind this principle is the acoustic radiation force, which depends on the size and acoustic properties of the suspended particles. Superimposed fluid motion caused by the acoustic streaming effect can further manipulate particle trajectories and might have a negative influence on the fractionation result. A characterization of the crucial parameters that affect the pattern and scaling of the acoustically induced flow is thus essential for the design of acoustofluidic separation systems. For the first time, the fluid flow induced by pseudo-standing acoustic wave fields with a wavelength much smaller than the width of the confined microchannel is experimentally revealed in detail, using quantitative three-dimensional measurements of all three velocity components (3D3C). In Part I of this study, we focus on the fluid flow close to the center of the surface acoustic wave field, while in Part II the outer regions with strong acoustic gradients are investigated. By systematic variations of the SAW-wavelength λSAW and channel height H, a transition from vortex pairs extending over the entire channel width W to periodic flows resembling the pseudo-standing wave field is revealed. An adaptation of the electrical power, however, only affects the velocity scaling. Based on the experimental data, a validated numerical model was developed in which critical material parameters and boundary conditions were systematically adjusted. Considering a Navier slip length at the substrate-fluid interface, the simulations provide a strong agreement with the measured velocity data over a large frequency range and enable an energetic consideration of the first and second-order fields. Based on the results of this study, critical parameters were identified for the particle size as well as for channel height and width. Progress for the research on SAW-based separation systems is obtained not only by these findings but also by providing all experimental velocity data to allow for further developments on other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sachs
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Baloochi
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
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24
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Sachs S, Cierpka C, König J. On the acoustically induced fluid flow in particle separation systems employing standing surface acoustic waves - Part II. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2028-2040. [PMID: 35485185 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particle separation using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) has been a focus of ongoing research for several years, leading to promising technologies based on Lab-on-a-Chip devices. In many of them, scattering effects of acoustic waves on suspended particles are utilized to manipulate their motion by means of the acoustic radiation force (FARF). Due to viscous damping of radiated waves within a fluid, known as the acoustic streaming effect, a superimposed fluid flow is generated, which additionally affects the trajectories of the particles by drag forces. To evaluate the influence of this acoustically induced flow on the fractionation of suspended particles, the present study gives a deep insight into the pattern and scaling of the resulting vortex structures by quantitative three-dimensional, three component (3D3C) velocity measurements. Following the analysis of translationally invariant structures at the center of a pseudo-standing surface acoustic wave (sSAW) in Part I, the focus in Part II turns to the outer regions of acoustic actuation. The impact of key parameters on the formation of the outer vortices, such as the wavelength of the SAW λSAW, the channel height H and electrical power Pel, is investigated with respect to the design of corresponding separation systems. As a result of large gradients in the acoustic fields, broadly extended vortices are formed, which can cause a lateral displacement of particles and are thus essential for a holistic analysis of the flow phenomena. The interaction with an externally imposed main flow reveals local recirculation regions, while the extent of the vortices is quantified based on the displacement of the main flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sachs
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany.
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25
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Ji M, Liu Y, Duan J, Zang W, Wang Y, Qu Z, Zhang B. A Novel Perturbed Spiral Sheathless Chip for Particle Separation Based on Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves (TSAW). BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050325. [PMID: 35624627 PMCID: PMC9138558 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of the new perturbed spiral channel and a slanted gold interfingered transducer (IDT) is designed to achieve precise dynamic separation of target particles (20 μm). The offset micropillar array solves the defect that the high-width flow (avoiding the occurrence of channel blockage) channel cannot realize the focusing of small particles (5 μm, 10 μm). The relationship between the maximum design gap of the micropillar (Smax) and the particle radius (a) is given: Smax = 4a, which not only ensures that small particles will not pass through the micropillar gap, but also is compatible with the appropriate flow rates. A non-offset micropillar array was used to remove 20 μm particles in the corner area. The innovation of a spiral channel structure greatly improves the separation efficiency and purity of the separation chip. The separation chip designed by us achieves deflection separation of 20 μm particles at 24.95-41.58 MHz (κ = 1.09-1.81), at a flow rate of 1.2 mL per hour. When f = 33.7 MHz (κ = 1.47), the transverse migration distance of 20 μm particles is the smallest, and the separation purity and efficiency are as high as 92% and 100%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yukai Liu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
| | - Junping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Wenxuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Binzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
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26
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Talebjedi B, Heydari M, Taatizadeh E, Tasnim N, Li ITS, Hoorfar M. Neural Network-Based Optimization of an Acousto Microfluidic System for Submicron Bioparticle Separation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:878398. [PMID: 35519621 PMCID: PMC9061962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.878398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement in microfluidics has provided an excellent opportunity for shifting from conventional sub-micron-sized isolation and purification methods to more robust and cost-effective lab-on-chip platforms. The acoustic-driven separation approach applies differential forces acting on target particles, guiding them towards different paths in a label-free and biocompatible manner. The main challenges in designing the acoustofluidic-based isolation platforms are minimizing the reflected radio frequency signal power to achieve the highest acoustic radiation force acting on micro/nano-sized particles and tuning the bandwidth of the acoustic resonator in an acceptable range for efficient size-based binning of particles. Due to the complexity of the physics involved in acoustic-based separations, the current existing lack in performance predictive understanding makes designing these miniature systems iterative and resource-intensive. This study introduces a unique approach for design automation of acoustofluidic devices by integrating the machine learning and multi-objective heuristic optimization approaches. First, a neural network-based prediction platform was developed to predict the resonator's frequency response according to different geometrical configurations of interdigitated transducers In the next step, the multi-objective optimization approach was executed for extracting the optimum design features for maximum possible device performance according to decision-maker criteria. The results show that the proposed methodology can significantly improve the fine-tuned IDT designs with minimum power loss and maximum working frequency range. The examination of the power loss and bandwidth on the alternation and distribution of the acoustic pressure inside the microfluidic channel was carried out by conducting a 3D finite element-based simulation. The proposed methodology improves the performance of the acoustic transducer by overcoming the constraints related to bandwidth operation, the magnitude of acoustic radiation force on particles, and the distribution of pressure acoustic inside the microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Talebjedi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Erfan Taatizadeh
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Isaac T. S. Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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27
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Chen J, Li P, Zhang T, Xu Z, Huang X, Wang R, Du L. Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:811971. [PMID: 35071216 PMCID: PMC8766409 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a nano-sized subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted from almost all living cells, are capable of transferring cell-specific constituents of the source cell to the recipient cell. Cumulative evidence has revealed exosomes play an irreplaceable role in prognostic, diagnostic, and even therapeutic aspects. A method that can efficiently provide intact and pure exosomes samples is the first step to both exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics. Unfortunately, common exosomal separation techniques suffer from operation complexity, time consumption, large sample volumes and low purity, posing significant challenges for exosomal downstream analysis. Efficient, simple, and affordable methods to isolate exosomes are crucial to carrying out relevant researches. In the last decade, emerging technologies, especially microfluidic chips, have proposed superior strategies for exosome isolation and exhibited fascinating performances. While many excellent reviews have overviewed various methods, a compressive review including updated/improved methods for exosomal isolation is indispensable. Herein, we first overview exosomal properties, biogenesis, contents, and functions. Then, we briefly outline the conventional technologies and discuss the challenges of clinical applications of these technologies. Finally, we review emerging exosomal isolation strategies and large-scale GMP production of engineered exosomes to open up future perspectives of next-generation Exo-devices for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Taiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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28
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Abedini-Nassab R, Emami SM, Nowghabi AN. Nanotechnology and Acoustics in Medicine and Biology. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 16:198-206. [PMID: 33913408 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210428134424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology plays an important role in various engineering fields, one of which is acoustics. METHOD Here, we review the use of nanotechnology in multiple acoustic-based bioapplications, with a focus on recent patents and advances. Nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, and nanofilms used in acoustic devices are discussed. We cover ultrasonic transducers, biosensors, imaging tools, nanomotors, and particle sorters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The way these ideas help in fundamental disciplines such as medicine is shown. We believe the current work is a good collection of advances in the field.
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29
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Wang Z, Rich J, Hao N, Gu Y, Chen C, Yang S, Zhang P, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidics for simultaneous nanoparticle-based drug loading and exosome encapsulation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:45. [PMID: 35498337 PMCID: PMC9051122 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarrier and exosome encapsulation has been found to significantly increase the efficacy of targeted drug delivery while also minimizing unwanted side effects. However, the development of exosome-encapsulated drug nanocarriers is limited by low drug loading efficiencies and/or complex, time-consuming drug loading processes. Herein, we have developed an acoustofluidic device that simultaneously performs both drug loading and exosome encapsulation. By synergistically leveraging the acoustic radiation force, acoustic microstreaming, and shear stresses in a rotating droplet, the concentration, and fusion of exosomes, drugs, and porous silica nanoparticles is achieved. The final product consists of drug-loaded silica nanocarriers that are encased within an exosomal membrane. The drug loading efficiency is significantly improved, with nearly 30% of the free drug (e.g., doxorubicin) molecules loaded into the nanocarriers. Furthermore, this acoustofluidic drug loading system circumvents the need for complex chemical modification, allowing drug loading and encapsulation to be completed within a matter of minutes. These exosome-encapsulated nanocarriers exhibit excellent efficiency in intracellular transport and are capable of significantly inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. By utilizing physical forces to rapidly generate hybrid nanocarriers, this acoustofluidic drug loading platform wields the potential to significantly impact innovation in both drug delivery research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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30
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Immuno-Acoustic Sorting of Disease-Specific Extracellular Vesicles by Acoustophoretic Force. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121534. [PMID: 34945384 PMCID: PMC8709371 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the isolation and analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively explored in the field of life science and in clinical diagnosis in recent years. The separation and efficient recovery of high-purity target EVs from biological samples are important prerequisites in the study of EVs. So far, commonly used methods of EV separation include ultracentrifugation, filtration, solvent precipitation and immunoaffinity capturing. However, these methods suffer from long processing time, EV damage and low enrichment efficiency. The use of acoustophoretic force facilitates the non-contact label-free manipulation of cells based on their size and compressibility but lacks specificity. Additionally, the acoustophoretic force exerted on sub-micron substances is normally weak and insufficient for separation. Here we present a novel immuno-acoustic sorting technology, where biological substances such as EVs, viruses, and biomolecules, can be specifically captured by antibody/receptor coated microparticles through immunoaffinity, and manipulated by an acoustophoretic force exerted on the microparticles. Using immuno-acoustic sorting technology, we successfully separated and purified HER2-positive EVs for further downstream analysis. This method holds great potential in isolating and purifying specific targets such as disease-related EVs from biological fluids and opens new possibilities for the EV-based early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases.
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31
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Peng T, Fan C, Zhou M, Jiang F, Drummer D, Jiang B. Rapid Enrichment of Submicron Particles within a Spinning Droplet Driven by a Unidirectional Acoustic Transducer. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13293-13301. [PMID: 34554739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid particle enrichment at the submicron scale is essential for research in biomedicine and biochemistry. Here, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic method for submicron particle enrichment within a spinning droplet driven by a unidirectional transducer. The unidirectional transducer generates intense sound energy with relatively low attenuation. Droplets placed offset in the wave propagation path on a polydimethylsiloxane film undergo strong pressure gradients, deforming into an ellipsoid shape and spinning at high speed. Benefitting from the drag force induced by the droplet spin and acoustic streaming and the radial force induced by the droplet compression and expansion, the submicron particles in the liquid droplet quickly enrich toward the central area following a spiral trajectory. Through numerical calculations and experimental processes, we have demonstrated the possible mechanism responsible for particle enrichment. The application of biological sample processing has also been exploited. This study anticipates that the strategy based on the spinning droplet and particle enrichment method will be highly desirable for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Cui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mingyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fengze Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Technology (LKT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, Erlangen-Tennenlohe 91058, Germany
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology (LKT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, Erlangen-Tennenlohe 91058, Germany
| | - Bingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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32
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Nanomaterials meet microfluidics: Improved analytical methods and high-throughput synthetic approaches. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Qian J, Begum H, Lee JEY. Acoustofluidic localization of sparse particles on a piezoelectric resonant sensor for nanogram-scale mass measurements. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:61. [PMID: 34567773 PMCID: PMC8433202 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to weigh microsubstances present in low concentrations is an important tool for environmental monitoring and chemical analysis. For instance, developing a rapid analysis platform that identifies the material type of microplastics in seawater would help evaluate the potential toxicity to marine organisms. In this study, we demonstrate the integration of two different techniques that bring together the functions of sparse particle localization and miniaturized mass sensing on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) chip for enhanced detection and minimization of negative measurements. The droplet sample for analysis is loaded onto the MEMS chip containing a resonant mass sensor. Through the coupling of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) from a SAW transducer into the chip, the initially dispersed microparticles in the droplet are localized over the detection area of the MEMS sensor, which is only 200 µm wide. The accreted mass of the particles is then calibrated against the resulting shift in resonant frequency of the sensor. The SAW device and MEMS chip are detachable after use, allowing the reuse of the SAW device part of the setup instead of the disposal of both parts. Our platform maintains the strengths of noncontact and label-free dual-chip acoustofluidic devices, demonstrating for the first time an integrated microparticle manipulation and real-time mass measurement platform useful for the analysis of sparse microsubstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Qian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Habiba Begum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Joshua E.-Y. Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
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34
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Kolesnik K, Xu M, Lee PVS, Rajagopal V, Collins DJ. Unconventional acoustic approaches for localized and designed micromanipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2837-2856. [PMID: 34268539 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00378j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic fields are ideal for micromanipulation, being biocompatible and with force gradients approaching the scale of single cells. They have accordingly found use in a variety of microfluidic devices, including for microscale patterning, separation, and mixing. The bulk of work in acoustofluidics has been predicated on the formation of standing waves that form periodic nodal positions along which suspended particles and cells are aligned. An evolving range of applications, however, requires more targeted micromanipulation to create unique patterns and effects. To this end, recent work has made important advances in improving the flexibility with which acoustic fields can be applied, impressively demonstrating generating arbitrary arrangements of pressure fields, spatially localizing acoustic fields and selectively translating individual particles in ways that are not achievable via traditional approaches. In this critical review we categorize and examine these advances, each of which open the door to a wide range of applications in which single-cell fidelity and flexible micromanipulation are advantageous, including for tissue engineering, diagnostic devices, high-throughput sorting and microfabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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35
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Lee T, Kwon S, Choi HJ, Lim H, Lee J. Highly Sensitive and Reliable microRNA Detection with a Recyclable Microfluidic Device and an Easily Assembled SERS Substrate. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19656-19664. [PMID: 34368553 PMCID: PMC8340404 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection in microfluidics is an interesting topic because of its high sensitivity, miniaturization, and ability to perform online detection. However, the difficulties in generating SERS-based microfluidic devices with uniform signal reproducibility and high sensitivity have hindered their widespread application. In addition, the recyclability of the SERS-based microfluidic devices can contribute to their broad commercialization, but the possible contamination in the detection area and cumbersome cleaning procedures remain a challenge. In this study, we describe a repeatable SERS-based microfluidic device comprising a disposable SERS substrate and a reusable microfluidic channel. The microfluidic channel was prepared via mechanical processing, and the SERS substrate was fabricated by nanoimprint lithography and electrodeposition. The SERS substrate and microfluidic channel can be attached easily because they were assembled using screws. The SERS substrate achieved an excellent SERS enhancement factor greater than 108 over a large sample area, signal uniformity, and substrate-to-substrate reproducibility. This guaranteed reliable and sensitive signals in every experiment. Furthermore, the disposable SERS substrate contributed exact detection of target molecules. Finally, their practical application was demonstrated with the repeated use of the microfluidic device by detecting a specific micro-RNA, (miR-34a) at a concentration as low as 5 fM.
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3D numerical simulation of acoustophoretic motion induced by boundary-driven acoustic streaming in standing surface acoustic wave microfluidics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13326. [PMID: 34172758 PMCID: PMC8233446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) have been widely utilized in microfluidic devices to manipulate various cells and micro/nano-objects. Despite widespread application, a time-/cost-efficient versatile 3D model that predicts particle behavior in such platforms is still lacking. Herein, a fully-coupled 3D numerical simulation of boundary-driven acoustic streaming in the acoustofluidic devices utilizing SSAWs has been conducted based on the limiting velocity finite element method. Through this efficient computational method, the underlying physical interplay from the electromechanical fields of the piezoelectric substrate to different acoustofluidic effects (acoustic radiation force and streaming-induced drag force), fluid–solid interactions, the 3D influence of novel on-chip configuration like tilted-angle SSAW (taSSAW) based devices, required boundary conditions, meshing technique, and demanding computational cost, are discussed. As an experimental validation, a taSSAW platform fabricated on YX 128 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^\circ $$\end{document}∘ LiNbO3 substrate for separating polystyrene beads is simulated, which demonstrates acceptable agreement with reported experimental observations. Subsequently, as an application of the presented 3D model, a novel sheathless taSSAW cell/particle separator is conceptualized and designed. The presented 3D fully-coupled model could be considered a powerful tool in further designing and optimizing SSAW microfluidics due to the more time-/cost-efficient performance than precedented 3D models, the capability to model complex on-chip configurations, and overcome shortcomings and limitations of 2D simulations.
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Zhao S, Huang PH, Zhang H, Rich J, Bachman H, Ye J, Zhang W, Chen C, Xie Z, Tian Z, Kang P, Fu H, Huang TJ. Fabrication of tunable, high-molecular-weight polymeric nanoparticles via ultrafast acoustofluidic micromixing. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2453-2463. [PMID: 33978043 PMCID: PMC8213440 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight polymeric nanoparticles are critical to increasing the loading efficacy and tuning the release profile of targeted molecules for medical diagnosis, imaging, and therapeutics. Although a number of microfluidic approaches have attained reproducible nanoparticle synthesis, it is still challenging to fabricate nanoparticles from high-molecular-weight polymers in a size and structure-controlled manner. In this work, an acoustofluidic platform is developed to synthesize size-tunable, high-molecular-weight (>45 kDa) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles without polymer aggregation by exploiting the characteristics of complete and ultrafast mixing. Moreover, the acoustofluidic approach achieves two features that have not been achieved by existing microfluidic approaches: (1) multi-step (≥2) sequential nanoprecipitation in a single device, and (2) synthesis of core-shell structured PLGA-PEG/lipid nanoparticles with high molecular weights. The developed platform expands microfluidic potential in nanomaterial synthesis, where high-molecular-weight polymers, multiple reagents, or sequential nanoprecipitations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiguo Zhao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Heying Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Jennifer Ye
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zhemiao Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Putong Kang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Hai Fu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Qian J, Huang W, Yang R, Lam RHW, Lee JEY. Low-cost laser-cut patterned chips for acoustic concentration of micro- to nanoparticles and cells by operating over a wide frequency range. Analyst 2021; 146:3280-3288. [PMID: 33999056 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic platforms for cell manipulation benefit from being contactless and label-free at potentially low cost. Particle concentration in a droplet relies on augmenting spatial asymmetry in the acoustic field, which is difficult to reproduce reliably. Etching periodic patterns into a chip to create acoustic band gaps is an attractive approach to spatially modify the acoustic field. However, the sensitivity of acoustic band structures to geometrical tolerances requires the use of costly microfabrication processes. In this work, we demonstrate particle concentration across a range of periodic structure patterns fabricated with a laser-cutting tool, suitable for low-cost and low-volume rapid prototyping. The relaxation on precision is underscored by experimental results of equally efficient particle concentration outside band gaps and even in their absence, allowing operation over a range of frequencies independent of acoustic band gaps. These results are significant by indicating the potential of extending the proposed method from the microscale (e.g. tumor cells) to the nanoscale (e.g. bacteria) by scaling up the frequency without being limited by fabrication capabilities. We demonstrate the device's high degree of biocompatibility to illustrate the method's applicability in the biomedical field for applications such as basic biochemical analysis and in vitro diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Qian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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39
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Latest Updates on the Advancement of Polymer-Based Biomicroelectromechanical Systems for Animal Cell Studies. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological sciences have reached the fundamental unit of life: the cell. Ever-growing field of Biological Microelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMSs) is providing new frontiers in both fundamental cell research and various practical applications in cell-related studies. Among various functions of BioMEMS devices, some of the most fundamental processes that can be carried out in such platforms include cell sorting, cell separation, cell isolation or trapping, cell pairing, cell-cell communication, cell differentiation, cell identification, and cell culture. In this article, we review each mentioned application in great details highlighting the latest advancements in fabrication strategy, mechanism of operation, and application of these tools. Moreover, the review article covers the shortcomings of each specific application which can open windows of opportunity for improvement of these devices.
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Yang M, Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang G, Zhao CX, Wu KJ. Integration of microfluidic systems with external fields for multiphase process intensification. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Yamaguchi Y, Yamamoto T. One-Dimensional Flow of Bacteria on an Electrode Rail by Dielectrophoresis: Toward Single-Cell-Based Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020123. [PMID: 33498919 PMCID: PMC7911595 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many applications in biotechnology and medicine, among other disciplines, require the rapid enumeration of bacteria, preferably using miniaturized portable devices. Microfluidic technology is expected to solve this miniaturization issue. In the enumeration of bacteria in microfluidic devices, the technique of aligning bacteria in a single line prior to counting is the key to an accurate count at single-bacterium resolution. Here, we describe the numerical and experimental evaluation of a device utilizing a dielectrophoretic force to array bacteria in a single line, allowing their facile numeration. The device comprises a channel to flow bacteria, two counter electrodes, and a capture electrode several microns or less in width for arranging bacteria in a single line. When the capture electrode is narrower than the diameter of a bacterium, the entrapment efficiency of the one-dimensional array is 80% or more within 2 s. Furthermore, since some cell-sorting applications require bacteria to move against the liquid flow, we demonstrated that bacteria can move in a single line in the off-axial direction tilted 30° from the flow direction. Our findings provide the basis for designing miniature, portable devices for evaluating bacteria with single-cell accuracy.
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Xie Y, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Li P, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Isolation and Enrichment of Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16220-16240. [PMID: 33252215 PMCID: PMC8164652 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, nanoparticles have increased in implementation to a variety of applications ranging from high-efficiency electronics to targeted drug delivery. Recently, microfluidic techniques have become an important tool to isolate and enrich populations of nanoparticles with uniform properties (e.g., size, shape, charge) due to their precision, versatility, and scalability. However, due to the large number of microfluidic techniques available, it can be challenging to identify the most suitable approach for isolating or enriching a nanoparticle of interest. In this review article, we survey microfluidic methods for nanoparticle isolation and enrichment based on their underlying mechanisms, including acoustofluidics, dielectrophoresis, filtration, deterministic lateral displacement, inertial microfluidics, optofluidics, electrophoresis, and affinity-based methods. We discuss the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of each method. We also provide comparisons with bulk methods, perspectives for future developments and commercialization, and next-generation applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Mohanty S, Khalil ISM, Misra S. Contactless acoustic micro/nano manipulation: a paradigm for next generation applications in life sciences. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200621. [PMID: 33363443 PMCID: PMC7735305 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic actuation techniques offer a promising tool for contactless manipulation of both synthetic and biological micro/nano agents that encompass different length scales. The traditional usage of sound waves has steadily progressed from mid-air manipulation of salt grains to sophisticated techniques that employ nanoparticle flow in microfluidic networks. State-of-the-art in microfabrication and instrumentation have further expanded the outreach of these actuation techniques to autonomous propulsion of micro-agents. In this review article, we provide a universal perspective of the known acoustic micromanipulation technologies in terms of their applications and governing physics. Hereby, we survey these technologies and classify them with regards to passive and active manipulation of agents. These manipulation methods account for both intelligent devices adept at dexterous non-contact handling of micro-agents, and acoustically induced mechanisms for self-propulsion of micro-robots. Moreover, owing to the clinical compliance of ultrasound, we provide future considerations of acoustic manipulation techniques to be fruitfully employed in biological applications that range from label-free drug testing to minimally invasive clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mohanty
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Islam S. M. Khalil
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sarthak Misra
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Surgical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Acoustic Microfluidic Separation Techniques and Bioapplications: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11100921. [PMID: 33023173 PMCID: PMC7600273 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic separation technology has garnered significant attention over the past decade where particles are being separated at a micro/nanoscale in a rapid, low-cost, and simple manner. Amongst a myriad of separation technologies that have emerged thus far, acoustic microfluidic separation techniques are extremely apt to applications involving biological samples attributed to various advantages, including high controllability, biocompatibility, and non-invasive, label-free features. With that being said, downsides such as low throughput and dependence on external equipment still impede successful commercialization from laboratory-based prototypes. Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in acoustic microfluidic separation techniques, along with exemplary applications. Specifically, an inclusive overview of fundamental theory and background is presented, then two sets of mechanisms underlying acoustic separation, bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave, are introduced and discussed. Upon these summaries, we present a variety of applications based on acoustic separation. The primary focus is given to those associated with biological samples such as blood cells, cancer cells, proteins, bacteria, viruses, and DNA/RNA. Finally, we highlight the benefits and challenges behind burgeoning developments in the field and discuss the future perspectives and an outlook towards robust, integrated, and commercialized devices based on acoustic microfluidic separation.
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45
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Zhou Y, Ma Z, Ai Y. Submicron Particle Concentration and Patterning with Ultralow Frequency Acoustic Vibration. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12795-12800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinning Zhou
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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Devendran C, Choi K, Han J, Ai Y, Neild A, Collins DJ. Diffraction-based acoustic manipulation in microchannels enables continuous particle and bacteria focusing. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2674-2688. [PMID: 32608464 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic fields have shown wide utility for micromanipulation, though their implementation in microfluidic devices often requires accurate alignment or highly precise channel dimensions, including in typical standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) devices and resonant channels. In this work we investigate an approach that permits continuous microscale focusing based on diffractive acoustics, a phenomenon where a time-averaged spatially varying acoustic pressure landscape is produced by bounding a surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer with a microchannel. By virtue of diffractive effects, this acoustic field is formed with the application of only a single travelling wave. As the field is dictated by the interplay between a propagating substrate-bound wave and a channel geometry, the pressure distribution will be identical for a given channel orientation regardless of its translation on a SAW substrate, and where small variations in channel size have no substantive effect on the pressure field magnitude or overall particle migration. Moreover, in the case of a channel with dimensions on the order of the diffractive fringe pattern spacing, the number of focusing positions will be identical for all channel orientations, with acoustic radiation forces pushing suspended particles to the channel edges. We explore this highly robust particle manipulation technique, determining two distinct sets of streaming and acoustic radiation dominant concentration positions, and show the continuous focusing of polystyrene 1 μm and 0.5 μm diameter particles and fluorescently labeled E. coli bacteria cells at flow rates exceeding those of previous microfluidic implementations for micron and submicron sized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citsabehsan Devendran
- Dept. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
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47
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Nan F, Yan Z. Optical Sorting at the Single-Particle Level with Single-Nanometer Precision Using Coordinated Intensity and Phase Gradient Forces. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7602-7609. [PMID: 32428394 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Position-controlled sorting of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) at the single-particle level is a challenge in nanoscience. Optofluidic potential wells can partially address this challenge, but they have limited flexibility, reconfigurability, and precision. Here we introduce a strategy by feedback-controlled manipulation of NPs using reconfigurable optical traps with designed intensity and phase gradient. Spatiotemporal patterns of these optical traps coordinatively manipulate the NPs based on machine vision of their positions and differentiated scattering intensities. The NPs are always kept inside the optical field during the manipulation and stably trapped once the sorting is accomplished. To substantiate the key advantages of our approach, we present position-controlled optical sorting of single Ag and Au NPs of the same size (150 nm diameter) and ordering of monodisperse Au NPs (80 ± 9 nm diameter) according to their sub-10 nm radius variation, which can hardly be done via other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nan
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zijie Yan
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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48
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Qian J, Ren J, Liu Y, Lam RHW, Lee JEY. A two-chip acoustofluidic particle manipulation platform with a detachable and reusable surface acoustic wave device. Analyst 2020; 145:7752-7758. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A two-chip acoustofluidic particle manipulation platform with a detachable and reusable surface acoustic wave device enables manipulation of microparticles in 2D on a replaceable silicon superstrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Qian
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jifeng Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong SAR
| | - Raymond H. W. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong SAR
| | - Joshua E.-Y. Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves
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