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Vyas K, Prabaker S, Prabhu D, Sakthivelu M, Rajamanikandan S, Velusamy P, Su CH, Gopinath SCB, Pachaiappan R. Study of an inhibitory effect of plant polyphenolic compounds against digestive enzymes using bench-working experimental evidence predicted by molecular docking and dynamics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129222. [PMID: 38185307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The substantial nutritional content and diversified biological activity of plant-based nutraceuticals are due to polyphenolic chemicals. These chemicals are important and well-studied plant secondary metabolites. Their protein interactions are extensively studied. This relationship is crucial for the logical development of functional food and for enhancing the availability and usefulness of polyphenols. This study highlights the influence of protein types and polyphenols on the interaction, where the chemical bindings predominantly consist of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The interaction between polyphenolic compounds (PCs) and digestive enzymes concerning their inhibitory activity has not been fully studied. Therefore, we have examined the interaction of four digestive enzymes (α-amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin) with four PCs (curcumin, diosmin, morin, and 2',3',4'-trihydroxychalcone) through in silico and in vitro approaches. In vitro plate assays, enzyme kinetics, spectroscopic assays, molecular docking, and simulations were performed. We observed all these PCs have significant docking scores and preferable interaction with the active site of the digestive enzymes, resulting in the reduction of enzyme activity. The enzyme-substrate binding mechanism was determined using the Lineweaver Burk plot, indicating that the inhibition occurred competitively. Among four PCs diosmin and morin has the highest interaction energy over digestive enzymes with IC50 value of 1.13 ± 0.0047 and 1.086 ± 0.0131 μM. Kinetic studies show that selected PCs inhibited pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin competitively and inhibited amylase in a non-competitive manner, especially by 2',3',4'-trihydroxychalcone. This study offers insights into the mechanisms by which the selected PCs inhibit the enzymes and has the potential to enhance the application of curcumin, diosmin, morin, and 2',3',4'-trihydroxychalcone as natural inhibitors of digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Vyas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Supraja Prabaker
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhamodharan Prabhu
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meenakumari Sakthivelu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundararaj Rajamanikandan
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniyandi Velusamy
- Research & Development, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath Institute of Higher Education and research (BIHER), Chromepet 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chia-Hung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taipei 24301, Taiwan
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Guo J, Gan C, Cheng B, Cui B, Yi F. Exploration of binding mechanism of apigenin to pepsin: Spectroscopic analysis, molecular docking, enzyme activity and antioxidant assays. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122281. [PMID: 36584639 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pepsin plays an important role in nutrient metabolism. Apigenin (AP) is a beneficial polyphenol to human health. To enhance the bioavailability of AP and elucidate the inhibitory effect of AP on pepsin, the interaction mechanism of AP with pepsin was investigated using spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking, and the activity of pepsin and antioxidant activity of AP was also evaluated. Specifically, AP performed static quenching of pepsin and had only one binding site on pepsin. More interestingly, the interaction between AP and pepsin was spontaneous, while hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were the main binding forces. Generally, synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence confirmed that AP induced the conformational changes of pepsin, and molecular docking proved the above results and illustrated the specific binding patterns. Specifically, AP inhibited the activity of pepsin, while pepsin decreased the antioxidant activity of AP. These results provided useful information for elucidating the interactions between AP and pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
| | - Chuanfa Gan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Bo Cui
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Fankai Yi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
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Dong Y, Sun N, Ge Q, Lv R, Lin S. Antioxidant soy peptide can inhibit xanthine oxidase activity and improve LO2 cell damage. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zhang G, Zhu M, Liao Y, Gong D, Hu X. Action mechanisms of two key xanthine oxidase inhibitors in tea polyphenols and their combined effect with allopurinol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7195-7208. [PMID: 35727856 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea polyphenols have been reported to have the effect of lowering uric acid. However, there are few studies on the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of specific catechins on the urate-metabolizing enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO). In this research, multiple spectroscopic methods and computer simulations were used to determine the inhibitory ability and mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) on XO. RESULTS Herein, EGCG and GCG reversibly inhibited XO activity in a mixed manner, with IC50 values of 40.50 ± 0.32 and 33.60 ± 0.53 μmol L-1 , and also decreased the superoxide anion radical (O2 - ) of the catalytic system by reducing the XO molecule and inhibiting the formation of uric acid. The combination of EGCG or GCG with allopurinol showed synergistic inhibition on XO. The binding of EGCG or GCG to XO with moderate affinity formed a stable complex by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The presence of EGCG and GCG made the structure of XO more stable and compact. The two inhibitors bound to the vicinity of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in XO, hindering the entry of substrate; thus the activity of XO was suppressed. CONCLUSION Both EGCG and GCG are excellent natural XO inhibitors, and inhibited the activity of XO by occupying the channel of the substrate to enter the active center and interfering with the dual substrate reaction catalyzed by XO. These findings provide a scientific basis for the application of catechins in dietary supplements and medicines with lowering uric acid effects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yijing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on molecular targets: Mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein against hyperuricemic nephropathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 424:115594. [PMID: 34044073 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney are the main causes for hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). Baicalin and baicalein, two flavonoids, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and they are interconvertible in the body. In this study, both baicalin and baicalein were administered by intragastric administration (i.g.) or intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) at the dose of 50 mg kg-1, once a day for 15 consecutive days to HN mice, a model established by i.g. of yeast extract combined with i.p. of potassium oxonate. In HN mice, baicalin and baicalein reduced serum uric acid (SUA) levels and protected kidneys by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Mechanistically, the effect of baicalin and baicalein on reducing SUA levels might due to their inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein against HN were analyzed with network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The network pharmacology indicated that the protective effects of baicalin and baicalein against HN were mainly related to their down-regulating effects on TLRs, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicated high binding affinity of baicalin/baicalein to targets such as AKT1 and MAPK1. In summary, baicalin and baicalein are promising drug candidates for the treatment of HN by inhibiting XO activity, reducing inflammation and cell apoptosis through down-regulating TLRs/NLRP3/NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathways.
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Wang J, Sun S, Zhao K, Shi H, Fan J, Wang H, Liu Y, Liu X, Wang W. Insights into the inhibitory mechanism of purpurogallin on xanthine oxidase by multiple spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chazelas P, Steichen C, Favreau F, Trouillas P, Hannaert P, Thuillier R, Giraud S, Hauet T, Guillard J. Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Ischemia Reperfusion Models: Characteristics, Limits and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052366. [PMID: 33673423 PMCID: PMC7956779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury is a complex process consisting of a seemingly chaotic but actually organized and compartmentalized shutdown of cell function, of which oxidative stress is a key component. Studying oxidative stress, which results in an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense activity, is a multi-faceted issue, particularly considering the double function of ROS, assuming roles as physiological intracellular signals and as mediators of cellular component damage. Herein, we propose a comprehensive overview of the tools available to explore oxidative stress, particularly in the study of ischemia reperfusion. Applying chemistry as well as biology, we present the different models currently developed to study oxidative stress, spanning the vitro and the silico, discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of each set-up, including the issues relating to the use of in vitro hypoxia as a surrogate for ischemia. Having identified the limitations of historical models, we shall study new paradigms, including the use of stem cell-derived organoids, as a bridge between the in vitro and the in vivo comprising 3D intercellular interactions in vivo and versatile pathway investigations in vitro. We shall conclude this review by distancing ourselves from "wet" biology and reviewing the in silico, computer-based, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulation options: (a) molecular modeling with quantum chemistry and molecular dynamic algorithms, which facilitates the study of molecule-to-molecule interactions, and the integration of a compound in a dynamic environment (the plasma membrane...); (b) integrative systemic models, which can include many facets of complex mechanisms such as oxidative stress or ischemia reperfusion and help to formulate integrated predictions and to enhance understanding of dynamic interaction between pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chazelas
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM U1248, IPPRITT, Université de Limoges, 87032 Limoges, France;
- RCPTM, University Palacký of Olomouc, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Hannaert
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillier
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
- FHU SUPORT Survival Optimization in Organ Transplantation, 86021 Poitiers, France
- IBiSA Plateforme Modélisation Préclinique-Innovations Chirurgicale et Technologique (MOPICT), Do-maine Expérimental du Magneraud, 17700 Surgères, France
| | - Jérôme Guillard
- UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Team 5 Chemistry, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-49-44-38-59
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Chen Y, Gao Y, Wu F, Luo X, Ju X, Liu G. Computationally exploring novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors using docking-based 3D-QSAR, molecular dynamics, and virtual screening. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03221b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Computationally exploring novel potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors using a systematic modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Fengshou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Xiulian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
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