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Street STG, Shteinberg E, Hernandez JDG, Parkin HC, Harniman RL, Willerth S, Manners I. Precision Stealth Nanofibers via PET-RAFT Polymerisation: Synthesis, Crystallization-driven Self-assembly and Cellular Uptake Studies. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500108. [PMID: 39994427 PMCID: PMC12015387 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
Stealth precision polymer nanofibers show great promise as therapeutic delivery systems. However, existing systems are largely limited to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and suffer from challenging functionalization, hampering their translation. This work develops a modular, easily functionalizable platform for biocompatible stealth nanofibers based on a combination of ring-opening polymerisation (ROP), photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerisation, and crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA). Low length-dispersity poly(fluorenetrimethylenecarbonate)-b-poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) (PFTMC-b-PHPMA) nanofibers may be produced in a single-step via CDSA, with a length that is dependent on the PHPMA DPn. Separately, living CDSA leads to nanofibers with length control between 30 nm and ca. 700 nm. Incorporation of fluorescein into the PET-RAFT polymerization results in fluorescent PFTMC-b-PHPMA block copolymers that can undergo CDSA, forming fluorescent nanoparticles for preliminary cell studies. PFTMC-b-PHPMA nanofibers exhibited minimal toxicity to cells as well as limited cellular association, in line with previous studies on neutral polymer nanofibers. In comparison, PFTMC-b-PHPMA nanospheres exhibited no cellular association. These results indicate that the unique shape and core-crystallinity of PFTMC-b-PHPMA nanofibers ideally positions them for use as therapeutic delivery systems. Overall, the results described herein provide the basis for a modular, easily functionalizable platform for precision stealth polymer nanofibers for a variety of prospective biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T. G. Street
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUnited Kingdom
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8W 3V6Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC)University of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8P 5C2Canada
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUnited Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Shteinberg
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringDivision of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8W 2Y2Canada
| | | | - Hayley C. Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8W 3V6Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC)University of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Robert L. Harniman
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Willerth
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC)University of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8P 5C2Canada
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringDivision of Medical SciencesUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8W 2Y2Canada
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia2222 Health Sciences MallVancouver, BCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUnited Kingdom
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8W 3V6Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC)University of Victoria3800 Finnerty RdVictoria, BCV8P 5C2Canada
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2
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Guo Y, Xia T, Walter V, Xie Y, Rho JY, Xiao L, O'Reilly RK, Wallace MI. Real-time label-free imaging of living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2672. [PMID: 40102380 PMCID: PMC11920093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of semicrystalline block copolymers is a powerful method for the bottom-up construction of uniform polymer microstructures with complex hierarchies. Improving our ability to engineer such complex particles demands a better understanding of how to precisely control the self-assembly process. Here, we apply interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy to observe the real-time growth of individual poly(ε-caprolactone)-based fibers and platelets. This label-free method enables us to map the role of key reaction parameters on platelet growth rate, size, and morphology. Furthermore, iSCAT provides a contrast mechanism for studying multi-annulus platelets formed via the sequential addition of different unimers, offering insights into the spatial distribution of polymer compositions within a single platelet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Guo
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tianlai Xia
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vivien Walter
- Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julia Y Rho
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laihui Xiao
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Mark I Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK.
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3
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Wang Y, Taek Kim K, Manners I, Winnik MA. Organometallic-polypeptide Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Crystallization-driven Self-assembly in Aqueous Solutions to Rod-like and Plate-like Micelles with Polypeptide Coronas. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202404386. [PMID: 39846795 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202404386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
The synthesis of polyferrocenyldimethylsilane-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) block copolymers was systematically explored. Rod-like and plate-like micelles were prepared from self-assembly of the block copolymers in aqueous solution with two different approaches. In a dissolution-dialysis approach, micelles were prepared by dissolving a block copolymer sample in excess aqueous base followed by the dialysis of the solution against water. The morphology of the resultant micelles showed composition dependence. The block copolymer sample with the lowest soluble block content formed rod-like micelles, while the other samples with higher soluble block content formed spherical micelles. In a THF-mediated approach, THF was added into a block copolymer solution, which was first prepared by the dissolution-dialysis approach, and then the THF was evaporated slowly. Plate-like micelles were obtained from all the block copolymer samples examined, and these had a broad range of soluble block content. The formation of these plate-like micelles was attributed to the crystallization of the PFDMS blocks in the presence of THF. A tendency of large platelet micelles evolving to thin filaments over time was observed. This change may have been driven by the increase in the corona-chain stretching energy as THF evaporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Rubber Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria BC, V8P 5 C2, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
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4
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Han L, He F. Controllable Self-Assembly Morphologies of PPV-Based Block Copolymers. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202404380. [PMID: 39810617 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202404380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) is a classic semiconducting π-conjugated polymer with outstanding optical and electronic properties, which shows important applications in the fields of optoelectronic, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In the working process of the device, the microstate of PPV decides its property. Therefore, it is significant to achieve ordered morphologies based on PPV at micro scale. Due to the long rigid backbone and large area of delocalized electron, PPV has a strong tendency towards ordered aggregation through intermolecular π-π interaction, and "rod-coil" type block copolymer (BCP) based on PPV with a corona chain to improve the solubility is always built for self-assembly in situ solution. However, obtaining regular PPV based micro-/nano-structures in a controllable and uniform form remains challenging. In this review, we summarize the progresses in constructing multi-dimensional regular self-assembly morphologies based on PPV BCPs and exploring the application potential of these delicate functional nanomaterials. The molecular design strategy and growth mechanism can be extended to regulate the aggregation state of functional semiconducting conjugated polymers, which is beneficial to improving their performance in application of microelectronics, optoelectronics, biology and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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5
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Xie Q, Pu Y, Huang H, Li S, He Y, Guo J. Ordered Assembly of Natural Phenolic Building Blocks for Supramolecular Crystalline Materials. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202403967. [PMID: 39621363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202403967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids in nature are constructed by 'bottom-up' assembly with diverse functions and structural ordered characteristics. Supramolecular assemblies have been employed to mimic the natural complexity by manipulating the subtle variations of functional groups. Nevertheless, the intricate design of the driving forces or sophisticated synthesis of molecular skeletons poses challenges in fabricating highly ordered assemblies. Natural phenolic molecules with anisotropic functional groups exhibit potential as versatile building blocks for a wide range of supramolecular crystalline materials with tailored assembly and controlled functionalities. The inherent and anisotropic phenolic groups engage in ordered assembly with various materials via directional covalent bonds (e. g., condensation and coordination) as well as multiple molecular interactions (e. g., hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions), leading to the formation of supramolecular crystalline materials with diverse functionalities. This Concept presents the assembly mechanisms of crystalline phenolic materials and their applications, showcasing the effective utilization of ordered assembly by natural phenolic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Xie
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yiran Pu
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Huijun Huang
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shuyun Li
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yunxiang He
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Junling Guo
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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6
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Parkin HC, Shopperly LK, Perez MR, Willerth SM, Manners I. Uniform block copolymer nanofibers for the delivery of paclitaxel in 2D and 3D glioblastoma tumor models. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:5283-5294. [PMID: 39246052 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has transformed in recent years, with the introduction of immunotherapy providing substantial improvements in prognoses for certain cancers. However, traditional small molecule chemotherapeutics remain the major frontline of defence, and improving their delivery to solid tumors is of utmost importance for improving potency and reducing side effects. Here, length-controlled one-dimensional seed nanofibers (ca. 25 nm, ĐL = 1.05) were generated from poly(fluorenetrimethylenecarbonate)-block-poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) via living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Paclitaxel, with an encapsulation content ranging from 1 to 100 wt%, was loaded onto the preformed nanoparticles by solvent addition and evaporation. Drug loading was quantified by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Drug-loaded vectors were then incubated with U87 MG glioblastoma cells in a 2D cell assay for up to 72 h, and their anticancer properties were determined. It was observed that seed nanofibers loaded with 20 wt% paclitaxel were the most advantageous combination (IC50 = 0.48 μg mL-1), while pure seed nanofibers with no loaded drug displayed much lower cytotoxicity (IC50 = 11.52 μg mL-1). The IC50 of the loaded seed nanofibers rivaled that of the commercially approved Abraxane® (IC50 = 0.46 μg mL-1). 3D tumor spheroids were then cultured and subjected to the same stresses. Live/dead cell staining revealed that once more, seed nanofibers with 20 wt% paclitaxel, Abraxane®, and paclitaxel all exhibited similar levels of potency (55% viability), whereas control samples exhibited much higher cell viability (70%) after 3 days. These results demonstrate that nanofibers contain great potential as biocompatible drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment as they exert a similar anticancer effect to the commercially available Abraxane®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8 W 3 V6, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Lennard K Shopperly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8 W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Milena R Perez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8 W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8 W 3 V6, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B9, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8 W 3 V6, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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7
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Cardona YV, Muñoz LG, Cardozo DG, Chamorro AF. Recent Applications of Amphiphilic Copolymers in Drug Release Systems for Skin Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1203. [PMID: 39339239 PMCID: PMC11435020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers (ACs) are versatile systems with self-assembling and aggregating properties, enabling the formation of nanomaterials (NMs) such as micelles, vesicles, nanocapsules, and nanogels. These materials have been extensively explored for the delivery of various drugs and active compounds, enhancing the solubility and permeation of poorly water-soluble drugs into skin tissue. This improvement facilitates the treatment of skin diseases, including chronic conditions like cancer, as well as infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review summarizes recent applications of ACs in skin treatment, with a particular focus on their use in anti-cancer drug therapy. It covers the synthesis, classification, and characterization of ACs using various experimental techniques. Additionally, it discusses recent research on different drug delivery pathways using ACs, including encapsulation efficiency, release behavior, characteristics, applications, and responses to various chemical and physical stimuli (both in vivo and in vitro). Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of ACs NMs on several skin diseases, highlighting their potential as alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudy Vanessa Cardona
- Research Group of Electrochemistry and Environment (GIEMA), Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Lizeth Geraldine Muñoz
- Research Group of Electrochemistry and Environment (GIEMA), Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Daniela Gutierrez Cardozo
- Research Group of Electrochemistry and Environment (GIEMA), Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Andrés Felipe Chamorro
- Research Group of Electrochemistry and Environment (GIEMA), Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
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Clemons TD, Egner SA, Grzybek J, Roan JJ, Sai H, Yang Y, Syrgiannis Z, Sun H, Palmer LC, Gianneschi NC, Stupp SI. Hybrid Bonding Bottlebrush Polymers Grafted from a Supramolecular Polymer Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16085-16096. [PMID: 38831660 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers, macromolecules consisting of dense polymer side chains grafted from a central polymer backbone, have unique properties resulting from this well-defined molecular architecture. With the advent of controlled radical polymerization techniques, access to these architectures has become more readily available. However, synthetic challenges remain, including the need for intermediate purification, the use of toxic solvents, and challenges with achieving long bottlebrush architectures due to backbone entanglements. Herein, we report hybrid bonding bottlebrush polymers (systems integrating covalent and noncovalent bonding of structural units) consisting of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (p(NaSS)) brushes grafted from a peptide amphiphile (PA) supramolecular polymer backbone. This was achieved using photoinitiated electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization in water. The structure of the hybrid bonding bottlebrush architecture was characterized using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and its properties were probed using rheological measurements. We observed that hybrid bonding bottlebrush polymers were able to organize into block architectures containing domains with high brush grafting density and others with no observable brushes. This finding is possibly a result of dynamic behavior unique to supramolecular polymer backbones, enabling molecular exchange or translational diffusion of monomers along the length of the assemblies. The hybrid bottlebrush polymers exhibited higher solution viscosity at moderate shear, protected supramolecular polymer backbones from disassembly at high shear, and supported self-healing capabilities, depending on grafting densities. Our results demonstrate an opportunity for novel properties in easily synthesized bottlebrush polymer architectures built with supramolecular polymers that might be useful in biomedical applications or for aqueous lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Simon A Egner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph Grzybek
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua J Roan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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Ulrich HF, Gruschwitz FV, Klein T, Ziegenbalg N, Anh DTN, Fujii S, Hoeppener S, Sakurai K, Brendel JC. Influence of Polymer Side Chain Size and Backbone Length on the Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Polymer Bottlebrushes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400160. [PMID: 38446081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are a versatile tool for creating fibrous, bottlebrush-like assemblies of polymeric building blocks. However, a delicate balance of forces exists between the steric repulsion of the polymer chains and these directed supramolecular forces. In this work we have systematically investigated the influence of structural parameters of the attached polymers on the assembly behaviour of benzene trisurea (BTU) and benzene tris(phenylalanine) (BTP) conjugates in water. Polymers with increasing main chain lengths and different side chain sizes were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (TEGA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA). The resulting structures were analyzed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both BTU and BTP formed fibres with PHEA attached, but a transition to spherical morphologies was observed at degrees of polymerisation (DP) of 70 and above. Overall, the main chain length appeared to be a dominating factor in inducing morphology transitions. Increasing the side chain size generally had a similar effect but mainly impeded any aggregation as is the case of POEGA. Interestingly, BTP conjugates still formed fibres, suggesting that the stronger intermolecular interactions can compensate partially for the steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans F Ulrich
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Klein
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Doan Thi Ngoc Anh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Current address, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth
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10
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Parkin HC, Street STG, Gowen B, Da-Silva-Correa LH, Hof R, Buckley HL, Manners I. Mechanism of Action and Design of Potent Antibacterial Block Copolymer Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5128-5141. [PMID: 38356186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled polymer nanoparticles are promising antibacterials, with nonspherical morphologies of particular interest as recent work has demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity relative to their spherical counterparts. However, the reasons for this enhancement are currently unclear. We have performed a multifaceted analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of action of 1D nanofibers relative to nanospheres by the use of flow cytometry, high-resolution microscopy, and evaluations of the antibacterial activity of pristine and tetracycline-loaded nanoparticles. Low-length dispersity, fluorescent diblock copolymer nanofibers with a crystalline poly(fluorenetrimethylenecarbonate) (PFTMC) core (length = 104 and 472 nm, height = 7 nm, width = 10-13 nm) and a partially protonated poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) corona (length = 12 nm) were prepared via seeded growth living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Their behavior was compared to that of analogous nanospheres containing an amorphous PFTMC core (diameter of 12 nm). While all nanoparticles were uptaken into Escherichia coli W3110, crystalline-core nanofibers were observed to cause significant bacterial damage. Drug loading studies indicated that while all nanoparticle antibacterial activity was enhanced in combination with tetracycline, the enhancement was especially prominent when small nanoparticles (ca. 15-25 nm) were employed. Therefore, the identified differences in the mechanism of action and the demonstrated consequences for nanoparticle size and morphology control may be exploited for the future design of potent antibacterial agents for overcoming antibacterial resistance. This study also reinforces the requirement of morphological control over polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications, as differences in activity are observed depending on their size, shape, and core-crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Steven T G Street
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brent Gowen
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Luiz H Da-Silva-Correa
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Rebecca Hof
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Heather L Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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11
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Tian J, Xie SH, Borucu U, Lei S, Zhang Y, Manners I. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of block copolymer nanofibres with a crystalline core. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01559-4. [PMID: 37217702 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seeded growth of crystallizable block copolymers and π-stacking molecular amphiphiles in solution using living crystallization-driven self-assembly is an emerging route to fabricate uniform one-dimensional and two-dimensional core-shell micellar nanoparticles of controlled size with a range of potential applications. Although experimental evidence indicates that the crystalline core of these nanomaterials is highly ordered, a direct observation of their crystal lattice has not been successful. Here we report the high-resolution cryo-transmission electron microscopy studies of vitrified solutions of nanofibres made from a crystalline core of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) and a corona of polysiloxane grafted with 4-vinylpyridine groups. These studies show that poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) chains pack in an 8-nm-diameter core lattice with two-dimensional pseudo-hexagonal symmetry that is coated by a 27 nm 4-vinylpyridine corona with a 3.5 nm distance between each 4-vinylpyridine strand. We combine this structural information with a molecular modelling analysis to propose a detailed molecular model for solvated poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)-b-4-vinylpyridine nanofibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Hai Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ufuk Borucu
- GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shixing Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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12
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Ma J, Ma C, Huang X, de Araujo PHH, Goyal AK, Lu G, Feng C. Preparation and cellular uptake behaviors of uniform fiber-like micelles with length controllability and high colloidal stability in aqueous media. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:93-101. [PMID: 38933561 PMCID: PMC11197544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation/disassembly of fiber-like micelles generated by living crystalline-driven self-assembly (CDSA) is usually encountered in aqueous media, which hinders the applications of micelles. Herein, we report the generation of uniform fiber-like micelles consisting of a π-conjugated oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) core and a cross-linking silica shell with grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains by the combination of living CDSA, silica chemistry and surface grafting-onto strategy. Owing to the presence of crosslinking silica shell and the outmost PEG chains, the resulting micelles exhibit excellent dispersity and colloidal stability in PBS buffer, BSA aqueous solution and upon heating at 80 °C for 2 h without micellar fragmentation/disassembly. The micelles also show negligible cytotoxicity toward both HeLa cervical cancer and HEK239T human embryonic kidney cell lines. Interestingly, micelles with L n of 156 nm show the "stealth" property with no significant uptake by HeLa cells, whereas some certain amounts of micelles with L n of 535 nm can penetrate into HeLa cells, showing length-dependent cellular uptake behaviors. These results provide a route to prepare uniform, colloidally stable fiber-like nanostructures with tunable length and functions derived for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pedro Henrique Hermes de Araujo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Amit Kumal Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Tehsil-Kishangarh-305 801 Distt.-Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Zhao C, Chen Q, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Watanabe LK, Rawson JM, Rao J, Manners I. Uniform and Length-Tunable, Paramagnetic Self-Assembled Nitroxide-Based Nanofibers for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Qi Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Lara K. Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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14
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Rabanel JM, Mirbagheri M, Olszewski M, Xie G, Le Goas M, Latreille PL, Counil H, Hervé V, Silva RO, Zaouter C, Adibnia V, Acevedo M, Servant MJ, Martinez VA, Patten SA, Matyjaszewski K, Ramassamy C, Banquy X. Deep Tissue Penetration of Bottle-Brush Polymers via Cell Capture Evasion and Fast Diffusion. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21583-21599. [PMID: 36516979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug nanocarriers (NCs) capable of crossing the vascular endothelium and deeply penetrating into dense tissues of the CNS could potentially transform the management of neurological diseases. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of bottle-brush (BB) polymers with different biological barriers in vitro and in vivo and compared it to nanospheres of similar composition. In vitro internalization and permeability assays revealed that BB polymers are not internalized by brain-associated cell lines and translocate much faster across a blood-brain barrier model compared to nanospheres of similar hydrodynamic diameter. These observations performed under static, no-flow conditions were complemented by dynamic assays performed in microvessel arrays on chip and confirmed that BB polymers can escape the vasculature compartment via a paracellular route. BB polymers injected in mice and zebrafish larvae exhibit higher penetration in brain tissues and faster extravasation of microvessels located in the brain compared to nanospheres of similar sizes. The superior diffusivity of BBs in extracellular matrix-like gels combined with their ability to efficiently cross endothelial barriers via a paracellular route position them as promising drug carriers to translocate across the blood-brain barrier and penetrate dense tissue such as the brain, two unmet challenges and ultimate frontiers in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Rabanel
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Marziye Mirbagheri
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15213-3815
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15213-3815
| | - Marine Le Goas
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Pierre-Luc Latreille
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Hermine Counil
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Vincent Hervé
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Rummenigge Oliveira Silva
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Charlotte Zaouter
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Vahid Adibnia
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Mariana Acevedo
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Marc J Servant
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Vincent A Martinez
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom EH9 3FD
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15213-3815
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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15
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Zhang W, Taheri-Ledari R, Ganjali F, Mirmohammadi SS, Qazi FS, Saeidirad M, KashtiAray A, Zarei-Shokat S, Tian Y, Maleki A. Effects of morphology and size of nanoscale drug carriers on cellular uptake and internalization process: a review. RSC Adv 2022; 13:80-114. [PMID: 36605676 PMCID: PMC9764328 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of targeted drug delivery, the effects of size and morphology of drug nanocarriers are of great importance and need to be discussed in depth. To be concise, among all the various shapes of nanocarriers, rods and tubes with a narrow cross-section are the most preferred shapes for the penetration of a cell membrane. In this regard, several studies have focused on methods to produce nanorods and nanotubes with controlled optimized size and aspect ratio (AR). Additionally, a non-spherical orientation could affect the cellular uptake process while a tangent angle of less than 45° is better at penetrating the membrane, and Ω = 90° is beneficial. Moreover, these nanocarriers show different behaviors when confronting diverse cells whose fields should be investigated in future studies. In this survey, a comprehensive classification based on carrier shape is first submitted. Then, the most commonly used methods for control over the size and shape of the carriers are reviewed. Finally, influential factors on the cellular uptake and internalization processes and related analytical methods for evaluating this process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University No. 37, Guoxue Alley Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province P. R. China
| | - Reza Taheri-Ledari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
| | - Fatemeh Ganjali
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
| | - Seyedeh Shadi Mirmohammadi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
| | - Fateme Sadat Qazi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
| | - Mahdi Saeidirad
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
| | - Amir KashtiAray
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
| | - Simindokht Zarei-Shokat
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University No. 14, 3rd Section of South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98 21 73021584 +98 21 77240640-50
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16
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Ellis CE, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Manners I. Scalable and Uniform Length-Tunable Biodegradable Block Copolymer Nanofibers with a Polycarbonate Core via Living Polymerization-Induced Crystallization-Driven Self-assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20525-20538. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
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17
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Street STG, Chrenek J, Harniman RL, Letwin K, Mantell JM, Borucu U, Willerth SM, Manners I. Length-Controlled Nanofiber Micelleplexes as Efficient Nucleic Acid Delivery Vehicles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19799-19812. [PMID: 36260789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micelleplexes show great promise as effective polymeric delivery systems for nucleic acids. Although studies have shown that spherical micelleplexes can exhibit superior cellular transfection to polyplexes, to date there has been no report on the effects of micelleplex morphology on cellular transfection. In this work, we prepared precision, length-tunable poly(fluorenetrimethylenecarbonate)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PFTMC16-b-PDMAEMA131) nanofiber micelleplexes and compared their properties and transfection activity to those of the equivalent nanosphere micelleplexes and polyplexes. We studied the DNA complexation process in detail via a range of techniques including cryo-transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential measurements, thereby examining how nanofiber micelleplexes form, as well the key differences that exist compared to nanosphere micelleplexes and polyplexes in terms of DNA loading and colloidal stability. The effects of particle morphology and nanofiber length on the transfection and cell viability of U-87 MG glioblastoma cells with a luciferase plasmid were explored, revealing that short nanofiber micelleplexes (length < ca. 100 nm) were the most effective delivery vehicle examined, outperforming nanosphere micelleplexes, polyplexes, and longer nanofiber micelleplexes as well as the Lipofectamine 2000 control. This study highlights the potential importance of 1D micelleplex morphologies for achieving optimal transfection activity and provides a fundamental platform for the future development of more effective polymeric nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T G Street
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Josie Chrenek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Keiran Letwin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Judith M Mantell
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Ufuk Borucu
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.,GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
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18
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Lei S, Tian J, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Manners I. AIE-Active, Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescent 2D Block Copolymer Nanoplatelets Based on Corona Chain Compression. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17630-17641. [PMID: 36107414 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) represents a powerful tool in nanoscience as a result of enhanced luminescence in the condensed state. Although AIEgenic materials have been utilized in a wide range of applications, well-defined self-assembled nanoparticles with tailorable and uniform dimensions and morphology remain challenging to access. Herein, we use the seeded growth, living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) method to prepare size-tunable and uniform AIE-active 2D nanoplatelets from amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP) precursors with a crystallizable core-forming block and a corona-forming block to which tetraphenylethene (TPE) groups were covalently grafted as AIE-active pendants. The nanoplatelets were formed as a result of a solvophobicity-induced 1D to 2D morphology preference change, which accompanied the seeded growth of a BCP with a quaternized corona-forming block bearing the TPE luminogen. The 2D nanoplatelets exhibited a solvent-responsive fluorescent emission, and examples with coronas containing homogeneously distributed AIE-active TPE groups and Hg(II)-capturing thymine units exhibited excellent performance as proof-of-concept "turn-on" sensors for Hg(II) detection with a rapid response, high selectivity, and a low detection limit (5-125 × 10-9 M, i.e., 1-25 ppb). The fluorescence intensity was found to be nonlinear with respect to analyte concentration and to increase with the area of the nanoplatelet. This behavior is consistent with a cooperative mechanism based on changes in the steric compression of the corona chains, which gives rise to a restriction of the intramolecular motion (RIM) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yuetong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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19
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Ellis CE, Hils C, Oliver AM, Greiner A, Schmalz H, Manners I. Electrospinning of 1D Fiber‐Like Block Copolymer Micelles with a Crystalline Core. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Alex M. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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20
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Zhu C, Nicolas J. (Bio)degradable and Biocompatible Nano-Objects from Polymerization-Induced and Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3043-3080. [PMID: 35707964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) techniques have emerged as powerful approaches to produce a broad range of advanced synthetic nano-objects with high potential in biomedical applications. PISA produces nano-objects of different morphologies (e.g., spheres, vesicles and worms), with high solids content (∼10-50 wt %) and without additional surfactant. CDSA can finely control the self-assembly of block copolymers and readily forms nonspherical crystalline nano-objects and more complex, hierarchical assemblies, with spatial and dimensional control over particle length or surface area, which is typically difficult to achieve by PISA. Considering the importance of these two assembly techniques in the current scientific landscape of block copolymer self-assembly and the craze for their use in the biomedical field, this review will focus on the advances in PISA and CDSA to produce nano-objects suitable for biomedical applications in terms of (bio)degradability and biocompatibility. This review will therefore discuss these two aspects in order to guide the future design of block copolymer nanoparticles for future translation toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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21
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Shi B, Shen D, Li W, Wang G. Self-Assembly of Copolymers Containing Crystallizable Blocks: Strategies and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200071. [PMID: 35343014 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of copolymers containing crystallizable block in solution has received increasing attentions in the past few years. Various strategies including crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) and polymerization-induced CDSA (PI-CDSA) have been widely developed. Abundant self-assembly morphologies were captured and advanced applications have been attempted. In this review, the synthetic strategies including the mechanisms and characteristics are highlighted, the survey on the advanced applications of crystalline nano-assemblies are collected. This review is hoped to depict a comprehensive outline for self-assembly of copolymers containing crystallizable block in recent years and to prompt the development of the self-assembly technology in interdisciplinary field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ding Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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22
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23
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Harniman RL, Pearce S, Manners I. Exploring the "Living" Growth of Block Copolymer Nanofibers from Surface-Confined Seeds by In Situ Solution-Phase Atomic Force Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:951-962. [PMID: 34985896 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Living crystallization-driven self-assembly of polymeric and molecular amphiphiles is of growing interest as a seeded growth route to uniform 1D, 2D, and more complex micellar nanoparticles with controlled dimensions and a range of potential applications. Although most studies have been performed using colloidally stable seeds in bulk solution, growth of block copolymer (BCP) nanofibers from seeds confined to a surface is attracting increased attention. Herein, we have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to undertake detailed studies of the growth of BCP nanofibers from immobilized seeds located on a Si surface. Through initial ex situ AFM studies and in situ AFM video analysis in solution, we determined that growth occurred in four stages, whereby an initial surface-bound growth regime transitions to surface-limited growth. As the nanofiber length increases, surface influence is diminished as the newly grown micelle segment is no longer bound to the Si substrate. Finally, a surface-independent regime occurs where nanofiber growth continues into bulk solution. In addition to the anticipated nanofiber elongation, our studies revealed occasional examples of AFM tip-induced core fragmentation. In these cases, the termini of the newly formed fragments were also active to further growth. Furthermore, unidirectional growth was detected in cases where the seed was oriented at a significant angle with respect to the surface, thereby restricting unimer access to one terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.,Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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24
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Street STG, He Y, Harniman RL, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Manners I. Precision polymer nanofibers with a responsive polyelectrolyte corona designed as a modular, functionalizable nanomedicine platform. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a modular, functionalizable platform for biocompatible core-shell block copolymer nanofibers of controlled length (22 nm – 1.3 μm) and low dispersity produced via living crystallization-driven...
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25
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Garcia-Hernandez JD, Parkin H, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Manners I. Hydrophobic Cargo Loading at the Core-Corona Interface of Uniform, Length-Tunable Aqueous Diblock Copolymer Nanofibers with a Crystalline Polycarbonate Core. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1D core-shell nanoparticles are considered to be among the most promising for biomedical applications such as drug delivery. The versatile living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) seeded growth method allows access to...
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26
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Lei S, Tian J, Fukui T, Winnik MA, Manners I. Probing the Analogy between Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly and Living Covalent Polymerizations: Length-Independent Growth Behavior for 1D Block Copolymer Nanofibers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Tomoya Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
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Rajdev P, Dey P, Ghosh I, Khamrui R, Kar J, Jana SS, Ghosh S. Shape-Dependent Cellular Uptake of Nanostructures Produced from Supramolecular Structure-Directing Unit-Appended Hydrophilic Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1467-1473. [PMID: 35549136 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular uptake is an important event in drug delivery and other biomedical applications. Amphiphilic polymers produce aggregates of different size and shape depending on the intrinsic structural differences and the packing parameter. Although they have been explored for various biomedical applications with immense interest, the relationship between the shape of the aggregate and cellular uptake has been studied only in limited examples. This work reports two polymers (P1 and P2), both of which contain a hydrophobic supramolecular structure-directing unit (SSDU) at the chain-end of a fluorescence dye-labeled hydrophilic polymer. Depending on the difference in the structure of the single H-bonding functional group (hydrazide or amide) of the SSDU, P1 and P2 produce polymersomes (NS1) and spherical micelles (NS2), respectively. An aged solution of P2 produces cylindrical micelles (NS3). Confocal microscopy studies reveal that the uptake of these nanostructures in HeLa cells greatly depends on the shape of the aggregate. Spherical NS1 and NS2 show appreciable uptake at 1 or 4 h of incubation, whereas NS3 shows negligible uptake. Temperature-dependent cellular uptake studies reveal an energy-dependent endocytosis pathway. Kinetic studies show gradual increase in the cellular uptake with time, and at 24 h the relative uptake ratio (NS1:NS2:NS3) is 1.0:0.2:<0.1, implying the polymersome morphology (NS1) is most efficient for cellular uptake compared to the spherical or cylindrical micelles. The same trend was also noticed for MDA-MB 231 cells. Confocal microscopy studies further reveal cellular internalization and intracellular location of NS1, which showed maximum cellular uptake. As the intrinsic difference in the chemical structure of the two polymers is negligible, the observed difference can be explicitly assigned to their difference in shape.
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28
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Ma J, Lu G, Huang X, Feng C. π-Conjugated-polymer-based nanofibers through living crystallization-driven self-assembly: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13259-13274. [PMID: 34816824 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated-polymer-based nanofibers (CPNFs) of controlled length, composition and morphology are promising for a broad range of emerging applications in optoelectronics, biomedicine and catalysis, owing to the morphological merits of fiber-like nanostructures and structural attributes of π-conjugated polymers. Living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of π-conjugated-polymer-containing block copolymers (BCPs) has emerged as an efficient strategy to prepare CPNFs with precise dimensional and structural controllability by taking advantage of the crystallinity of π-conjugated polymers. In this review, recent advances in the generation of CPNFs have been highlighted. The influence of the structure of π-conjugated-polymer-containing BCPs and experimental conditions on the CDSA behaviors, especially seeded growth and self-seeding processes of living CDSA, has been discussed in detail, aiming to provide an in-depth overview of living CDSA of π-conjugated-polymer-containing BCPs. In addition, the properties of CPNFs as well as their potential applications have been illustrated. Finally, we put forward the current challenges and research directions in the field of CPNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Klein T, Gruschwitz FV, Kuchenbrod MT, Nischang I, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC. Adjusting the length of supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes by top-down approaches. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2621-2628. [PMID: 34760028 PMCID: PMC8551873 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the length of one-dimensional (1D) polymer nanostructures remains a key challenge on the way toward the applications of these structures. Here, we demonstrate that top-down processing facilitates a straightforward adjustment of the length of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes (SPBs) in aqueous solutions. These cylindrical structures self-assemble via directional hydrogen bonds formed by benzenetrisurea (BTU) or benzenetrispeptide (BTP) motifs located within the hydrophobic core of the fiber. A slow transition from different organic solvents to water leads first to the formation of µm-long fibers, which can subsequently be fragmented by ultrasonication or dual asymmetric centrifugation. The latter allows for a better adjustment of applied shear stresses, and thus enables access to differently sized fragments depending on time and rotation rate. Extended sonication and scission analysis further allowed an estimation of tensile strengths of around 16 MPa for both the BTU and BTP systems. In combination with the high kinetic stability of these SPBs, the applied top-down methods represent an easily implementable technique toward 1D polymer nanostructures with an adjustable length in the range of interest for perspective biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Klein
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maren T Kuchenbrod
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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30
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Tang Z, Gao L, Lin J, Cai C, Yao Y, Guerin G, Tian X, Lin S. Anchorage-Dependent Living Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Polymeric Micelles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14684-14693. [PMID: 34472352 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anchorage-dependent contact-inhibited growth usually refers to on-surface cell proliferation inhibited by the proximity of other cells. This phenomenon, prominent in nature, has yet to be achieved with polymeric micelles. Here, we report the control living supra-macromolecular self-assembly of elongated micelles with a liquid crystalline core onto a hydrophobic substrate via the synergetic interactions between the substrate and aggregates dispersed in solution. In this system, seed formation is a transient phenomenon induced by the adsorption and rearrangement of the core-swollen aggregates. The seeds then trigger the growth of elongated micelles onto the substrate in a living controllable manner until the contact with the substrate is disrupted. Brownian dynamic simulations show that this unique behavior is due to the fusion of the aggregates onto both ends of the anchored seeds. More important, the micelle length can be tuned by varying the substrate hydrophobicity, a key step toward the fabrication of intricate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gerald Guerin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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31
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Gruschwitz FV, Klein T, Kuchenbrod MT, Moriyama N, Fujii S, Nischang I, Hoeppener S, Sakurai K, Schubert US, Brendel JC. Kinetically Controlling the Length of Self-Assembled Polymer Nanofibers Formed by Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:837-843. [PMID: 35549195 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strong directional hydrogen bonds represent a suitable supramolecular force to drive the one-dimensional (1D) aqueous self-assembly of polymeric amphiphiles resulting in cylindrical polymer brushes. However, our understanding of the kinetics in these assembly processes is still limited. We here demonstrate that the obtained morphologies for our recently reported benzene tris-urea and tris-peptide conjugates are strongly pathway-dependent. A controlled transfer from solutions in organic solvents to aqueous environments enabled a rate-dependent formation of kinetically trapped but stable nanostructures ranging from small cylindrical or spherical objects (<50 nm) to remarkably large fibers (>2 μm). A detailed analysis of the underlying assembly mechanism revealed a cooperative nature despite the steric demands of the polymers. Nucleation is induced by hydrophobic interactions crossing a critical water content, followed by an elongation process due to the strong hydrogen bonds. These findings open an interesting new pathway to control the length of 1D polymer nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka V. Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Klein
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maren T. Kuchenbrod
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Naoto Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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32
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Ganda S, Wong CK, Stenzel MH. Corona-Loading Strategies for Crystalline Particles Made by Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ganda
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chin Ken Wong
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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33
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Garcia-Hernandez JD, Street STG, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Manners I. Cargo Encapsulation in Uniform, Length-Tunable Aqueous Nanofibers with a Coaxial Crystalline and Amorphous Core. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven T. G. Street
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Yuetong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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34
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Hils C, Manners I, Schöbel J, Schmalz H. Patchy Micelles with a Crystalline Core: Self-Assembly Concepts, Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1481. [PMID: 34064413 PMCID: PMC8125556 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of block copolymers bearing one crystallizable block has emerged to be a powerful and highly relevant method for the production of one- and two-dimensional micellar assemblies with controlled length, shape, and corona chemistries. This gives access to a multitude of potential applications, from hierarchical self-assembly to complex superstructures, catalysis, sensing, nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, and surface functionalization. Related to these applications, patchy crystalline-core micelles, with their unique, nanometer-sized, alternating corona segmentation, are highly interesting, as this feature provides striking advantages concerning interfacial activity, functionalization, and confinement effects. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art with respect to self-assembly concepts, properties, and applications of patchy micelles with crystalline cores formed by CDSA. We have also included a more general discussion on the CDSA process and highlight block-type co-micelles as a special type of patchy micelle, due to similarities of the corona structure if the size of the blocks is well below 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Judith Schöbel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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35
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Finnegan JR, Pilkington EH, Alt K, Rahim MA, Kent SJ, Davis TP, Kempe K. Stealth nanorods via the aqueous living crystallisation-driven self-assembly of poly(2-oxazoline)s. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7350-7360. [PMID: 34163824 PMCID: PMC8171341 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of nanomaterials critically influences their biological interactions. However, there is currently a lack of robust methods for preparing non-spherical particles from biocompatible materials. Here, we combine 'living' crystallisation-driven self-assembly (CDSA), a seeded growth method that enables the preparation of rod-like polymer nanoparticles, with poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), a polymer class that exhibits 'stealth' behaviour and excellent biocompatibility. For the first time, the 'living' CDSA process was carried out in pure water, resulting in POx nanorods with lengths ranging from ∼60 to 635 nm. In vitro and in vivo study revealed low immune cell association and encouraging blood circulation times, but little difference in the behaviour of POx nanorods of different length. The stealth behaviour observed highlights the promising potential of POx nanorods as a next generation stealth drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Finnegan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Emily H Pilkington
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- NanoTheranostics Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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36
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MacFarlane L, Zhao C, Cai J, Qiu H, Manners I. Emerging applications for living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4661-4682. [PMID: 34163727 PMCID: PMC8179577 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of crystallization as a tool to control the self-assembly of polymeric and molecular amphiphiles in solution is attracting growing attention for the creation of non-spherical nanoparticles and more complex, hierarchical assemblies. In particular, the seeded growth method termed living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) has been established as an ambient temperature and potentially scalable platform for the preparation of low dispersity samples of core-shell fiber-like or platelet micellar nanoparticles. Significantly, this method permits predictable control of size, and access to branched and segmented structures where functionality is spatially-defined. Living CDSA operates under kinetic control and shows many analogies with living chain-growth polymerizations of molecular organic monomers that afford well-defined covalent polymers of controlled length except that it covers a much longer length scale (ca. 20 nm to 10 μm). The method has been applied to a rapidly expanding range of crystallizable polymeric amphiphiles, which includes block copolymers and charge-capped homopolymers, to form assemblies with crystalline cores and solvated coronas. Living CDSA seeded growth methods have also been transposed to a wide variety of π-stacking and hydrogen-bonding molecular species that form supramolecular polymers in processes termed "living supramolecular polymerizations". In this article we outline the main features of the living CDSA method and then survey the promising emerging applications for the resulting nanoparticles in fields such as nanomedicine, colloid stabilization, catalysis, optoelectronics, information storage, and surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Jiandong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
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Yu Q, Roberts MG, Houdaihed L, Liu Y, Ho K, Walker G, Allen C, Reilly RM, Manners I, Winnik MA. Investigating the influence of block copolymer micelle length on cellular uptake and penetration in a multicellular tumor spheroid model. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:280-291. [PMID: 33336678 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficient penetration of drug nanocarriers into tumors is an important prerequisite for therapeutic and diagnostic success. The physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, including size, shape and surface chemistry have been shown to influence their transport in biological systems. Recent studies have shown that elongated nanoparticles (NPs) can exhibit advantageous properties in comparison to spherical NPs, but these experiments have involved a variety of different materials, many of which are characterized by a broad size distribution. Here we describe a series of rigid rod-like micelles of uniform width, with narrow length distributions, and common surface chemistry, and examine their cell uptake and penetration into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) formed from two human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-436 and MDB-MB-231). These micelles were prepared from a polyferrocenylsilane (PFS) diblock copolymer (BCP) with a corona block consisting of a statistical polymer of aminopropyl methacrylamide and oligo(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) (PFS27-b-PAPMA3-stat-POEGMA48). The rigid rod micelles, with a common width (12 nm) and lengths ranging from 80 to 2000 nm, were prepared by seeded growth crystallization-driven self-assembly in ethanol and then transferred to water. To consider whether changing the shape of these micelles affects its uptake and penetration behavior, analogous spherical micelles were prepared by direct nanoprecipitation into water. Both micelle shape and length were found to influence cellular uptake and penetration into 500 μm MCTSs. Laser confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to examine penetration of these micelles into three-dimensional MCTS up to 90 μm depth. Micelles with an elongated shape and short length (80 nm) demonstrated the deepest penetration into the MCTSs formed by MDA-MB-436 cells. Micelles with lengths of 200 nm also showed substantial penetration into these MCTS, but the extent and depth of tumor penetration of the rod-like micelles decreased with increasing aspect ratio. MCTS of MDA-MB-231 cells had a less dense, more open structure than those formed by MDA-MB-436 cells. Here more extensive penetration was observed, particularly for the longer micelle samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada.
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Peterson GI, Yang S, Choi TL. Direct formation of nano-objects via in situ self-assembly of conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of the polymer self-assembly method “in situ nanoparticlization of conjugated polymers” is discussed in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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39
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Kurnik IS, D'Angelo NA, Mazzola PG, Chorilli M, Kamei DT, Pereira JFB, Vicente AA, Lopes AM. Polymeric micelles using cholinium-based ionic liquids for the encapsulation and release of hydrophobic drug molecules. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2183-2196. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We generated stable amphiphilic copolymer-based polymeric micelles (PMs) with temperature-responsive properties utilizing Pluronic® L35 and a variety of ionic liquids (ILs) for the encapsulation and release of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle S. Kurnik
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Daniel T. Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Jorge F. B. Pereira
- University of Coimbra
- CIEPQPF
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | | | - André M. Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
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