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Mahaan R, John Bosco A. Sulfur Oxidation State and Substituents Influenced Multifunctional Organic Luminophores in BTP Core for OLEDs: A Computational Study on RTP, TADF Emitter and Sensitizer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10570-10582. [PMID: 38063023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of triplet excitons in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) molecules has become a subject of significant attention and interest in recent studies. This study employed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT theoretical methods to delve into the intricate relationship between the molecular structure and properties of molecules designed with the oxidation of sulfur atoms (S, SO, and SO2) in benzothiazinophenothiazine (BTP) core units. The calculations revealed that as the oxidation state of the sulfur atom increased, the BTP derivatives exhibited elevated ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), and triplet energies (ET), accompanied by reduced reorganization energies (λ), singlet energies (ES), and a S1-T1 energy gap (ΔEST). Additionally, the decrease in the exchange energy prompts a shift in the excited-state properties of molecules, transitioning them from hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) to charge transfer (CT) in the S1 state while maintaining their HLCT character in the T1 state. The sulfur oxidation process systematically decreases spin-orbit coupling magnitudes in the S1-T1 and T1-S0 pathways while increasing the KRISC rate, signifying a reduced propensity for phosphorescence radiative decay in oxidized molecules. Thorough investigations have explored the screening effect and orbital mixing of lone pair electrons in sulfur atoms, satisfying the desired criteria for a multifunctional RTP, TADF emitter and sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Mahaan
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Aruljothy John Bosco
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
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2
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Pfund B, Hutskalova V, Sparr C, Wenger OS. Isoacridone dyes with parallel reactivity from both singlet and triplet excited states for biphotonic catalysis and upconversion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11180-11191. [PMID: 37860649 PMCID: PMC10583676 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based photosensitizers commonly undergo quantitative intersystem crossing into photoactive triplet excited states. In contrast, organic photosensitizers often feature weak spin-orbit coupling and low intersystem crossing efficiencies, leading to photoactive singlet excited states. By modifying the well-known acridinium dyes, we obtained a new family of organic photocatalysts, the isoacridones, in which both singlet- and triplet-excited states are simultaneously photoactive. These new isoacridone dyes are synthetically readily accessible and show intersystem crossing efficiencies of up to 52%, forming microsecond-lived triplet excited states (T1), storing approximately 1.9 eV of energy. Their photoactive singlet excited states (S1) populated in parallel have only nanosecond lifetimes, but store ∼0.4 eV more energy and act as strong oxidants. Consequently, the new isoacridone dyes are well suited for applications requiring parallel triplet-triplet energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer elementary steps, which have become increasingly important in modern photocatalysis. In proof-of-principle experiments, the isoacridone dyes were employed for Birch-type arene reductions and C-C couplings via sensitization-initiated electron transfer, substituting the commonly used iridium or ruthenium based photocatalysts. Further, in combination with a pyrene-based annihilator, sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion was achieved in an all-organic system, where the upconversion quantum yield correlated with the intersystem crossing quantum yield of the photosensitizer. This work seems relevant in the greater contexts of developing new applications that utilize biphotonic photophysical and photochemical behavior within metal-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Valeriia Hutskalova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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3
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Hojo R, Bergmann K, Elgadi SA, Mayder DM, Emmanuel MA, Oderinde MS, Hudson ZM. Imidazophenothiazine-Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Ultra-Long-Lived Excited States for Energy Transfer Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18366-18381. [PMID: 37556344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet energy transfer (EnT) is a powerful activation pathway in photocatalysis that unlocks new organic transformations and improves the sustainability of organic synthesis. Many current examples, however, still rely on platinum-group metal complexes as photosensitizers, with associated high costs and environmental impacts. Photosensitizers that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are attractive fully organic alternatives in EnT photocatalysis. However, TADF photocatalysts incorporating heavy atoms remain rare, despite their utility in inducing efficient spin-orbit-coupling, intersystem-crossing, and consequently a high triplet population. Here, we describe the synthesis of imidazo-phenothiazine (IPTZ), a sulfur-containing heterocycle with a locked planar structure and a shallow LUMO level. This acceptor is used to prepare seven TADF-active photocatalysts with triplet energies up to 63.9 kcal mol-1. We show that sulfur incorporation improves spin-orbit coupling and increases triplet lifetimes up to 3.64 ms, while also allowing for tuning of photophysical properties via oxidation at the sulfur atom. These IPTZ materials are applied as photocatalysts in five seminal EnT reactions: [2 + 2] cycloaddition, the disulfide-ene reaction, and Ni-mediated C-O and C-N cross-coupling to afford etherification, esterification, and amination products, outcompeting the industry-standard TADF photocatalyst 2CzPN in four of the five studied scenarios. Detailed photophysical and theoretical studies are used to understand structure-activity relationships and to demonstrate the key role of the heavy atom effect in the design of TADF materials with superior photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Hojo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katrina Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Seja A Elgadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Megan A Emmanuel
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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4
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Xiao G, Ma YJ, Fang X, Xu C, Yan D. CO 2-responsive tunable persistent luminescence in a hydrogen-bond organized two-component ionic crystal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10113-10116. [PMID: 37530123 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A reversible CO2-responsive luminescent material was constructed by a facile hydrogen-bond self-assembly of a two-component ionic crystal. The modification of CO2 on the ionic crystal not only alternates the green afterglow, but also endows the material with inverse excitation wavelength dependence for multicolor emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Juan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Changhai Xu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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5
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Yuan J, Jiang L, Nishimura T, Sauvé ER, Hean D, Maeda K, Wolf MO. Effect of Oxidation on the Chiroptical Properties of Sulfur-Bridged Binaphthyl Dimers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12315-12322. [PMID: 36066048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of axially chiral sulfur-bridged dimers were prepared from 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol and subsequently oxidized to the respective sulfones. The chiroptical properties of the chiral chromophores were studied as a function of the oxidation state. Upon oxidation, an increase in quantum yields was observed for directly linked sulfur bridged binaphthyls (0.04 to 0.32), and a modest increase in dissymmetry factor was observed for diphenylsulfide-bridged binaphthyls (-8.9 × 10-4 to -1.4 × 10-3). Computational calculations were used to elucidate the changes in photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Lanting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ethan R Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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6
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Joseph J, Anappara AA. Comparative photoluminescence study of nitrogen doped carbon dots co-doped with boron and sulphur. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1475-1481. [PMID: 35797229 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although different studies in carbon dots (CDs) were reported based on heteroatom doping, most of them have focussed on the enhancement of fluorescence properties. Herein we report a comparative study of both fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of nitrogen-sulphur doped CDs (N-S CDs) and N, B doped CDs (N-B CDs) with N doped CDs (N CDs). The CDs employed in the study were synthesized through microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Among the doped CDs, sulphur doped CDs showed high fluorescence quantum yield. Upon irradiation, the aqueous dispersion of the CDs demonstrated blue fluorescence; and further, by incorporating the CDs in potash alum matrix, blue fluorescence, as well as green phosphorescence was observed. The phosphorescence lifetime measurements indicated that the N-S CDs exhibit a longer emission lifetime and red-shifted emission in contrast to other samples, which might be attributed to the presence of a greater proportion of surface states on N-S CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julin Joseph
- Photonic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kera, India.,PG Department of Physics, St Joseph's College for Women, Alappuzha, Kera, India
| | - Aji A Anappara
- Photonic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kera, India
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7
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Xu Z, Hean D, Yuan J, Wolf MO. Control of photoluminescence quantum yield and long-lived triplet emission lifetime in organic alloys. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6882-6887. [PMID: 35774161 PMCID: PMC9200050 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component crystalline organic alloys with a wide range of compositional ratios (from 30% to 90% of one component) are employed to tune excited-state lifetimes and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Alloy crystals exhibit homogeneous distribution of parent compounds by X-ray crystallography and differential scanning calorimetry. The alloys display a 1.5- to 5-fold enhancement in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) lifetime, compared to the parent compounds. PLQYs can also be tuned by changing alloy composition. The reverse intersystem crossing and long-lived lifetime of the parent compounds give rise to long-lived TADF in the alloys. Organic alloys enable tunability of both lifetime and efficiency, providing a new perspective on the development of organic long-lived emissive materials beyond the rules established for host-guest doped systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Jennifer Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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8
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Yuan J, Xu Z, Wolf MO. Sulfur-bridged chromophores for photofunctional materials: using sulfur oxidation state to tune electronic and structural properties. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5447-5464. [PMID: 35694344 PMCID: PMC9116371 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a heteroatom, such as sulfur, as a linker or bridge, in π-conjugated materials has advantages over purely carbon-based ones due to the accessibility of higher oxidation states as a result of hypervalence. Materials containing a sulfide bridge (S) can be systemically oxidized into sulfoxides (SO) and sulfones (SO2), each of which can then influence how a material interacts with light, playing a large role in dictating the photophysical and sometimes photochemical properties. In this perspective, we summarize the progress that our group and others have made, showing how oxidation of a sulfur bridge in symmetric bichromophoric dimers and in diimine ligands can influence the excited state behavior in organic π-conjugated materials and metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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9
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Pinto PB, da Cruz KCT, da Silva Júnior EN, Cury LA. Multi-conformational Luminescence and Phosphorescence of Few Phenazine 1,2,3-triazole Molecules. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1299-1308. [PMID: 35362933 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dropcast films produced from blends solutions of phenazine 1,2,3-triazole molecules in very low concentrations in a 1,3-Bis (N-carbazolyl) benzene (mCP) matrix were investigated at room tem-perature. The mCP acts as an optically inert matrix, having no influence on the emission properties of the guest molecules. Its conductive properties ensure the blend films as completely organic active layers. The fluorescent and phosphorescent emissions of the guest molecules in blue, green, red and also in white are relatively intense, without the need to mix different organic materials. The excitation of the system occurs directly by the incident laser beam on the films. The steady-state spectroscopy for the blue monomer and green dimer singlet fluorescence emissions were investigated. The analysis of their temporal decays was done using a different approach based on the Exponentially Modified Gaussian function. The phosphorescent emissions of the triplet steady-states, in the orange or in the red wavelength regions, were observed to be correlated, respectively, to the formation of guest monomers or to the guest dimers singlet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo B Pinto
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kimberly C T da Cruz
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Cury
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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10
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Li F, Wang M, Liu S, Zhao Q. Halide-containing organic persistent luminescent materials for environmental sensing applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2184-2201. [PMID: 35310490 PMCID: PMC8864697 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06586f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the development of various organic persistent luminescent (OPL) materials in the past few years, and increasing attention has been paid to their interesting applications in environmental sensing due to their long emission lifetimes and high sensitivity. Especially, the introduction of different halogen elements facilitates highly efficient OPL emission with distinct lifetimes and colours. In this review, we summarize the current status of the halide-containing OPL materials for environmental sensing applications. To begin with, the photophysical processes and luminescence mechanisms of OPL materials are expounded in detail to better understand the relationship among molecular structures, OPL properties, and sensing applications. Then, representative halide-containing material systems, such as small molecules, polymers, and doping systems, are summarized with their interesting applications in sensing temperature, oxygen, H2O, UV light and organic solvents. In addition, several challenges and future research opportunities in this field are discussed. This review aims to provide some reasonable guidance on the material design of OPL sensors and their practical applications, and tries to provide a new perspective on the application direction of organic optoelectronics. This review presents a summary of the molecular design of halide-containing organic persistent luminescent materials, and their environmental sensing applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China .,College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
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11
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Xu W, Chen Y, Lu Y, Qin Y, Zhang H, Xu X, Liu Y. Tunable Second‐Level Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Solid Supramolecules between Acrylamide–Phenylpyridium Copolymers and Cucurbit[7]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wen Xu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yi‐Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yue‐Xiu Qin
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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12
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Du M, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Yin Z, Chen L, Shu Y, Sun G, Zhang G, Peng Q, Zhang D. White Emissions Containing Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Different Excited States of a D-π-A Molecule Depending on the Aggregate States. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104539. [PMID: 34939749 PMCID: PMC8844470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of pure organic molecular materials with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and their applications for white emitters have received significant attentions recently. Herein, a D-π-A molecule (DMACPPY) which can realize white emitting under ambient conditions both in the crystal state and the doped-film state by combining RTP with two fluorescent emissions is reported. The white emission from the crystalline sample of DMACPPY consists fluorescence from S2 (the second excited singlet state) and S1 (the first excited singlet state) along with RTP from T1 (the first excited triplet state), namely, SST-type white light. While, the white emission from the poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) film doped with DMACPPY contains fluorescences from S2 and S1 , and RTP from T2 (the second excited triplet state) rather than T1 (STS type). DMACPPY cannot exhibit white spectrum within alternative crystalline state since inferior RTP intensity despite similar ternary emissions. The results demonstrate that the emissive properties for excited states of DMACPPY can be tuned by changing the aggregate state from crystalline to dispersion state in PMMA film. This new RTP emitter fulfills the talent for white emitting and achieves dual-mode white emissions, invisibly, expands the application range for pure organic and heavy atom-free RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryYanbian UniversityJilin133002China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yilin Shu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Yan Sun
- Department of ChemistryYanbian UniversityJilin133002China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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13
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Shi YH, Wang F, Sun GY, Xie YZ. The effect of heavy atoms replacement sites on the luminescent ways of D-A-D type diphenyl sulfone molecules: Thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120249. [PMID: 34391994 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To obtain efficient pure organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, introducing non-metal heavy atoms is the common molecular design strategy, enhancing the intrinsically weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between singlet and triplet excited states by heavy-atom effect. However, the effect of heavy atom replacement sites is rarely explored. Herein, two series of molecules are investigated on the basis of different heavy atoms replacement sites to reveal the inherent structure-property relationships. The results show that DMSeC-DPS, which O is replaced with Se in periphery of donor units, could exhibit enhanced TADF performance. Because (i) sufficiently small singlet-triplet states energy gap (ΔEST) and enhanced SOC as well as mixed CT/LE character in T1 state could facilitate reverse intersystem crossing process, and (ii) non-radiative consumption are decreased for S1→S0 transition. Additionally, replacement of As at the connection site between donor and acceptor units folds evidently the geometry, leading to much larger ΔEST and enhanced exponentially SOC between T1 and S0 state due to the great participation of heavy atoms of the frontier molecules orbitals and heavy-atom effect. The pure LE character leads to relative stability and slight non-radiative consumption in T1 state. The luminescent way of DMOC-As-DPS would be transformed to phosphorescence. This work provides updated theoretical perspective for the effect of heavy atoms replacement sites and proposes a design strategy for the utilization of non-metal heavy atoms in efficiency organic lighting emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Guang-Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin 133002, China; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and New Energy Materials Zhuhai College of Jilin University Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
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Xu WW, Chen Y, Lu YL, Qin YX, Zhang H, Xu X, Liu Y. Tunable Second-Level Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Solid Supramolecules between Acrylamide-Phenylpyridium Copolymers and Cucurbit[7]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115265. [PMID: 34874598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of solid supramolecules based on acrylamide-phenylpyridium copolymers with various substituent groups (P-R: R=-CN, -CO2 Et, -Me, -CF3 ) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) are constructed to exhibit tunable second-level (from 0.9 s to 2.2 s) room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the amorphous state. Compared with other solid supramolecules P-R/CB[7] (R=-CN, -CO2 Et, -Me), P-CF3 /CB[7] displays the longest lifetime (2.2 s), which is probably attributed to the fluorophilic interaction of cucurbiturils leading to a uncommon host-guest interaction between 4-phenylpyridium with -CF3 and CB[7]. Furthermore, the RTP solid supramolecular assembly (donors) can further react with organic dyes Eosin Y or SR101 (acceptors) to form ternary supramolecular systems featuring ultralong phosphorescence energy transfer (PpET) and visible delayed fluorescence (yellow for EY at 568 nm and red for SR101 at 620 nm). Significantly, the ultralong multicolor PpET supramolecular assembly can be further applied in fields of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption and painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi-Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yue-Xiu Qin
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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15
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Yang XG, Qin WJ, Zhang JR, Tian XK, Fan X, Ma LF, Yan D. Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Co-Crystal Showing Direct White Light and Photo-Electric Conversion. Front Chem 2021; 9:765374. [PMID: 34805096 PMCID: PMC8600111 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.765374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular crystalline materials with efficient room-temperature phosphorescence has been obtained much attention due to their fascinating photophysical properties and potential applications in the fields of data storage, bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. Herein, a new co-crystal complex [(DCPA) (AD)2] (DCPA = 9,10-di (4-carboxyphenyl)anthracene; AD = acridine) has been synthesized by a facile solvothermal process. Crystal structure analysis reveals that the co-crystal possesses orderly and alternant arrangement of DCPA donors and AD acceptors at molecular level. Fixed by strong hydrogen bonds, the DCPA molecule displays seriously twisty spatial conformation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show well separation of HOMO and LUMO for this co-crystal system, suggesting the efficient triplet excitons generation. Photoluminescence measurements show intensive cyan fluorescence (58.20 ns) and direct white phosphorescence (325 µs) emission at room-temperature. The transient current density–time curve reveals a typical switching electric response under the irradiation of simulated light, reveal that the [(DCPA) (AD)2] co-crystal has a high photoelectric response performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, China
| | - Wen-Jing Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, China
| | - Ji-Rui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, China
| | - Xu-Ke Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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16
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Xu Z, Hean D, Climent C, Casanova D, Wolf MO. Switching between TADF and RTP: anion-regulated photoluminescence in organic salts and co-crystals. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:5777-5784. [PMID: 34527950 PMCID: PMC8406714 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are two photophysical phenomena which utilize triplet excitons. In this work, we demonstrate how variation of the anion in organic salts with carbazole and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide donors and pyridinium and quinolinium acceptors may be used to switch between TADF and RTP. These compounds adopt similar molecular structures and packing modes with different anions and exhibit different types of photophysical behavior due to the electronic effects of the anions. With bromide anions, the salts exhibit TADF with some RTP. These compounds show fast reverse intersystem crossing and a short delayed lifetime, which is key to application in efficient and robust OLEDs. With BF4 - and PF6 - anions, RTP with long-lived lifetimes and afterglow are observed by eye. This behavior can be utilized for data encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications. Emission wavelengths and lifetimes are also anion-dependent. These results open up an avenue for developing novel luminescent materials through anion tuning and present a molecular model to understand the interplay of RTP and TADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Clàudia Climent
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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Liu X, Pan Y, Lei Y, Liu N, Dai W, Liu M, Cai Z, Wu H, Huang X, Dong Y. Influence of Guest/Host Morphology on Room Temperature Phosphorescence Properties of Pure Organic Doped Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7357-7364. [PMID: 34324348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Guest/host phosphorescence materials have attracted much attention; traditionally, researchers have focused on the influence of the electronic properties and energy levels of the molecules on the phosphorescence activities. However, the effects of the morphology on the phosphorescence properties are ignored. Herein, three isoquinoline guests with different aliphatic rings and three hosts are selected to construct guest/host materials. Experimental results confirm that the guests are dispersed in the host in the form of clusters. More importantly, the morphologies of the guest/host directly affect the phosphorescence properties. In these systems, the guests have strong intermolecular interactions, which are beneficial to stabilize the triplet excitons; meanwhile, the hosts should have weak intermolecular interactions with easily changed morphology to accept the guest clusters, which synergistically ensure that the doped materials have excellent RTP properties. This is the first work focusing on the effect of molecular morphology on the phosphorescence characteristics of guest/host systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Pan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Dai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, P. R. China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, P. R. China
| | - Huayue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, P. R. China
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