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Hachenberger YU, Krause BC, Kriegel FL, Reichardt P, Tentschert J, Jungnickel H, Bierkandt FS, Laux P, Panne U, Luch A. Developing a Multi-Method Approach for Understanding Cellular Uptake and Biological Response: Investigating Co-Exposure of Macrophage-like Differentiated THP-1 Cells to Al 2O 3 and CeO 2 Nanoparticles. Molecules 2025; 30:1647. [PMID: 40286244 PMCID: PMC11990466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The use of different nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing in a wide variety of everyday products. Nevertheless, most studies concerning NP risk assessment have evaluated exposure scenarios involving a single kind of NP. A stepwise study distinguishing between the effects resulting from exposure to one kind of NP and those resulting from different co-exposure scenarios to Al2O3 and CeO2 NPs at concentrations below acute toxicity was conducted with different analytical techniques. As a starting point, WST-1 viability assays were performed to assess whether the chosen exposure concentrations resulted in any acute loss of viability, which would hamper further insight into the cellular response to NP exposure. Then, data on NP dissolution and uptake were obtained via single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) and microwave-assisted ICP-MS. Additionally, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was performed to check for differences in the biological response to the exposure scenarios at the single-cell level. It was found that the proposed combined techniques provide insight into changes in biological responses as well as cellular metal contents among the exposure scenarios. In this work, a comprehensive tiered analytical strategy for evaluating the biological responses to challenging exposure scenarios is provided. The results highlight the necessity of selecting situations more closely resembling real life-including concentrations below acute toxicity and potential interactions due to multiple NPs-when estimating potential health risks. These findings thus provide a foundation and an incentive for further research into the complex processes leading to the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Uwe Hachenberger
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Christoph Krause
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Lukas Kriegel
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Reichardt
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Stefan Bierkandt
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Panne
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical & Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Laycock A, Kirjakulov A, Wright MD, Bourdakos KN, Mahajan S, Clark H, Griffiths M, Sørensen GL, Holmskov U, Guo C, Leonard MO, Smith R, Madsen J. Knock-out mouse models and single particle ICP-MS reveal that SP-D and SP-A deficiency reduces agglomeration of inhaled gold nanoparticles in vivo without significant changes to overall lung clearance. Nanotoxicology 2025; 19:119-140. [PMID: 39868723 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2025.2454969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
The role of surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) in lung clearance and translocation to secondary organs of inhaled nanoparticles was investigated by exposing SP-A and SP-D knockout (AKO and DKO) and wild type (WT) mice nose-only for 3 hours to an aerosol of 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Animals were euthanised at 0-, 1-, 7- and 28-days post-exposure. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of the liver and kidneys showed that extrapulmonary translocation was below the limits of detection. Imaging of the lungs by laser ablation ICP-MS confirmed the homogenous distribution of AuNPs. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering, Second Harmonic Generation and Two-Photon Fluorescence imaging were applied for semi-quantitative analysis of the uptake of AuNPs by alveolar macrophages and found uptake increased with time post-exposure, peaking after 7 days, and with the largest increase in uptake being in WT mice. Single particle ICP-MS allowed particle counting and sizing of AuNPs in the lungs showing that particle agglomeration following deposition within the lung was greater for the wildtype than the knockout models, indicating a role for SP-A and SP-D in agglomeration, however, any effect of this on overall lung clearance was minimal. For all groups, the Au (mass) lung burden initial clearance half-time was approximately 20-25 d, however, the AuNP (particle number) lung burden clearance half-time was shorter at approximately 10 days. In general terms, differences between the results for the three models were limited, indicating the preferential clearance of smaller particles from the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Laycock
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Artur Kirjakulov
- Infection, Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Nikolaos Bourdakos
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK
| | - Howard Clark
- Infection, Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Targeted Lung Immunotherapy, Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Griffiths
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Grith Lykke Sørensen
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chang Guo
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Rachel Smith
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jens Madsen
- Infection, Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Targeted Lung Immunotherapy, Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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McHardy C, Clark NJ, Clough R, Handy RD. The Use of an In Chemico Digestibility Assay to Reduce the In Vivo Fish Bioaccumulation Testing of Nanomaterials. Altern Lab Anim 2025; 53:11-20. [PMID: 39663743 DOI: 10.1177/02611929241304972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Currently for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), there are no alternatives to bioaccumulation testing in fish as prescribed by OECD TG 305. New approaches are being sought, in order to reduce the numbers of animals used and address the ethical concerns associated with the use of vertebrates in such testing. This study aimed to demonstrate the value of an alternative method - the in chemico digestibility assay - as a tool to assess the bioaccumulation potential of ENMs. Titanium dioxide ENMs, or their equivalent bulk form, were incorporated onto a commercial fish diet and the fish digestion process was simulated in vitro at pH 2 (simulated stomach phase) and pH 7.8 (simulated intestinal phase). Only the 1000 mg/kg dry weight feed treatment showed measurable Ti release in the stomach phase, with the results being similar for the TiO2 ENM and the bulk form. More Ti from TiO2 was released from the feed during the intestinal phase of digestion compared to the stomach phase, but there were no statistically significant differences between either the ENM or bulk form. There was higher incidental Ti release from untreated control feed in the intestinal phase compared to the stomach phase. On a percentage basis, the stomach generally showed a statistically significant digestibility of around 3% of the total Ti in the feed, compared to around 7% in the intestine. The in chemico digestibility assay shows potential for use in the determination of the bioaccessible fraction of ENMs, and could be a useful screening tool to identify ENMs of concern for bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig McHardy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Clark
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Robert Clough
- Analytical Research Facility, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Richard D Handy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Visiting Professor, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Kuehr S, Meisterjahn B, Schroeder N, Schlechtriem C, Ndungu K, Georgantzopoulou A. Evaluation of extraction and storage conditions for quantification and characterization of silver nanoparticles in complex samples by single particle-ICP-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 367:143460. [PMID: 39369746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The extraction of nanoparticles (NPs) from complex matrices and subsequent storage can potentially alter the NPs physicochemical properties and hinder cross-study comparisons. Most NPs extraction methods are designed and tested at high NPs concentrations, although (eco)toxicological and regulatory monitoring programs require methods capable of analyzing NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations (lower ppb range). In this study, we investigated how extraction methods affect the characteristics of PVP coated and citrate-stabilized silver NPs (AgNPs) spiked into soil, sewage sludge, and biological samples at environmentally relevant concentrations using Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry spICP-MS). Further we investigated the impact of storage temperature (-80 °C - 21 °C) and storage duration (1-28 days) on the particle characteristics such as particle size. We found that aqueous AgNPs samples with low ionic strength media retained their original characteristics (like particle size, particle concentration and particle-based Ag mass) when preserved at 4 °C for up to 28 days. AgNPs dispersed in high ionic strength media were however better preserved at -80 °C. Among the extraction agents, tetrasodium pyrophosphate was efficient in extracting AgNPs from soil and sewage sludge matrices, while Proteinase K was most suitable for biological samples from organisms (earthworms or fish). Although our study focused only on AgNPs, it provides crucial information to aid interlaboratory comparisons and data interpretation for (eco)toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kuehr
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | - Kuria Ndungu
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
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Bruvold A, Valdersnes S, Loeschner K, Bienfait AM. Validation of a Method for Surveillance of Nanoparticles in Mussels Using Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:608-616. [PMID: 38507699 PMCID: PMC11223760 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the concentration of nanoparticles (NPs) in marine organisms is important for evaluating their environmental impact and to assess potential food safety risks to human health. OBJECTIVE The current work aimed at developing an in-house method based on single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) suitable for surveillance of NPs in mussels. METHODS A new low-cost and simple protease mixture was utilized for sample digestion, and novel open-source data processing was used, establishing detection limits on a statistical basis using false-positive and false-negative probabilities. The method was validated for 30 and 60 nm gold NPs spiked to mussels as a proxy for seafood. RESULTS Recoveries were 76-77% for particle mass concentration and 94-101% for particle number concentration. Intermediate precision was 8-9% for particle mass concentration and 7-8% for particle number concentration. The detection limit for size was 18 nm, for concentration 1.7 ng/g, and 4.2 × 105 particles/g mussel tissue. CONCLUSION The performance characteristics of the method were satisfactory compared with numeric Codex criteria. Further, the method was applied to titanium-, chromium- and copper-based particles in mussels. HIGHLIGHTS The method demonstrates a new practical and cost-effective sample treatment, and streamlined, transparent, and reproducible data treatment for the routine surveillance of NPs in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Are Bruvold
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Valdersnes
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kemitorvet 201, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Han J, Wu X, Zhao JX, Pierce DT. An Unprecedented Metal Distribution in Silica Nanoparticles Determined by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:637. [PMID: 38607171 PMCID: PMC11013762 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Metal-containing nanoparticles are now common in applications ranging from catalysts to biomarkers. However, little research has focused on per-particle metal content in multicomponent nanoparticles. In this work, we used single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the per-particle metal content of silica nanoparticles doped with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). Monodispersed silica nanoparticles with varied Ru doping levels were prepared using a water-in-oil microemulsion method. These nanoparticles were characterized using common bulk-sample methods such as absorbance spectroscopy and conventional ICP-MS, and also with single-particle ICP-MS. The results showed that averaged concentrations of metal dopant measured per-particle by single-particle ICP-MS were consistent with the bulk-sample methods over a wide range of dopant levels. However, the per-particle amount of metal varied greatly and did not adhere to the usual Gaussian distribution encountered with one-component nanoparticles, such as gold or silver. Instead, the amount of metal dopant per silica particle showed an unexpected geometric distribution regardless of the prepared doping levels. The results indicate that an unusual metal dispersal mechanism is taking place during the microemulsion synthesis, and they challenge a common assumption that doped silica nanoparticles have the same metal content as the average measured by bulk-sample methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street, Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (J.H.); (X.W.)
- New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street, Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (J.H.); (X.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Julia Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street, Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (J.H.); (X.W.)
| | - David T. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street, Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (J.H.); (X.W.)
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Bocca B, Battistini B. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human biomonitoring of metal-based nanomaterials: their use in primary prevention and health surveillance. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:1-35. [PMID: 38436298 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2301692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal-based nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained particular interest in nanotechnology industry. They are used in various industrial processes, in biomedical applications or to improve functional properties of several consumer products. The widescale use of MNMs in the global consumer market has resulted in increases in the likelihood of exposure and risks to human beings. Human exposure to MNMs and assessment of their potential health effects through the concomitant application of biomarkers of exposure and effect of the most commonly used MNMs were reviewed in this paper. In particular, interactions of MNMs with biological systems and the nanobiomonitoring as a prevention tool to detect the early damage caused by MNMs as well as related topics like the influence of some physicochemical features of MNMs and availability of analytical approaches for MNMs testing in human samples were summarized in this review. The studies collected and discussed seek to increase the current knowledge on the internal dose exposure and health effects of MNMs, highlighting the advantages in using biomarkers in primary prevention and health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Nielsen MB, Skjolding L, Baun A, Hansen SF. European nanomaterial legislation in the past 20 years - Closing the final gaps. NANOIMPACT 2023; 32:100487. [PMID: 37821007 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2004, the potential societal implications related to nanotechnology were highlighted in an influential report by the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering (RS & RAE). It was made clear that legislation is an important tool to tackle the challenges related to nanomaterials and a list of recommendations were put forward. Shortly after, the European Commission also proposed a list of recommendations on how to handle nanomaterial challenges and adopted the so-called "incremental approach", describing that current legislations should be adapted, where relevant, to handle nanomaterials. Now almost 20 years have passed and it seems relevant to take stock and investigate how legislations have been adapted to tackle nano-specific challenges. In this review, we analyze key pieces of European legislations relevant to nanomaterials and assess to what extent these legislations compare with the original recommendations from 2004 by the RS & RAE and the European Commission. We uncover the cross-cutting challenges that remain and provide recommendations on next steps that should be taken to address the risks of nanomaterials. For each recommendation, we assessed whether it was met to a high, medium or low degree by conducting targeted literature searches at Web of Science, screening legislations, guidance documents, databases etc., and applying expert judgement. We found that >90% of the recommendations put forward in 2004 by the RS & RAE and the European Commission have been either met to a high degree (13 out of 29) or met to a medium degree (14 out of 29). This suggests important advancements in the field of nanosafety. At the same time, it is important to address the concerns still left partly or fully unsolved. Such efforts entail e.g. further development of measuring instruments and standardised characterization and risk assessment methods for nanomaterials, application of a uniform nanomaterial definition, maximization of containment of free nanomaterials until hazards assessed/handled and elimination/minimisation of unintentional nanomaterial emission. Furthermore, we recommend prioritising future efforts to ensure enforcement and implementation of existing nano-specific provisions, as well as revision, where needed, of legislations that currently do not account for nanomaterials, such as the Waste Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bille Nielsen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lars Skjolding
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Loeschner K, Johnson ME, Montoro Bustos AR. Application of Single Particle ICP-MS for the Determination of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Food Additives and Food: A Short Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2547. [PMID: 37764576 PMCID: PMC10536347 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to enhanced properties at the nanoscale, nanomaterials (NMs) have been incorporated into foods, food additives, and food packaging materials. Knowledge gaps related to (but not limited to) fate, transport, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of nanomaterials have led to an expedient need to expand research efforts in the food research field. While classical techniques can provide information on dilute suspensions, these techniques sample a low throughput of nanoparticles (NPs) in the suspension and are limited in the range of the measurement metrics so orthogonal techniques must be used in tandem to fill in measurement gaps. New and innovative characterization techniques have been developed and optimized for employment in food nano-characterization. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a high-throughput nanoparticle characterization technique capable of providing vital measurands of NP-containing samples such as size distribution, number concentration, and NP evolution has been employed as a characterization technique in food research since its inception. Here, we offer a short, critical review highlighting existing studies that employ spICP-MS in food research with a particular focus on method validation and trends in sample preparation and spICP-MS methodology. Importantly, we identify and address areas in research as well as offer insights into yet to be addressed knowledge gaps in methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Loeschner
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Monique E. Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (M.E.J.); (A.R.M.B.)
| | - Antonio R. Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (M.E.J.); (A.R.M.B.)
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10
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Chalifoux A, Hadioui M, Amiri N, Wilkinson KJ. Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles in Ground Beef by Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114442. [PMID: 37298916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation and characterization of nanomaterials in foods are of great interest due to the potential risks associated with their exposure and the increasing number of applications where they are used within the food industry. One factor limiting the scientifically rigorous regulation of nanoparticles in foods is the lack of standardized procedures for the extraction of nanoparticles (NPs) from complex matrices without alteration of their physico-chemical properties. To this end, we tested and optimized two sample preparation approaches (enzymatic- and alkaline-based hydrolyses) in order to extract 40 nm of Ag NP, following their equilibration with a fatty ground beef matrix. NPs were characterized using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). Fast sample processing times (<20 min) were achieved using ultrasonication to accelerate the matrix degradation. NP losses during the sample preparation were minimized by optimizing the choice of enzymes/chemicals, the use of surfactants, and the product concentration and sonication. The alkaline approach using TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) was found to have the highest recoveries (over 90%); however, processed samples were found to be less stable than the samples processed using an enzymatic digestion based upon pork pancreatin and lipase (≈60 % recovery). Low method detection limits (MDLs) of 4.8 × 106 particles g-1 with a size detection limit (SDL) of 10.9 nm were achieved for the enzymatic extraction whereas an MDL of 5.7 × 107 particles g-1 and an SDL of 10.5 nm were obtained for the alkaline hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Madjid Hadioui
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Nesrine Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Kevin J Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
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Jiménez MS, Bakir M, Ben-Jeddou K, Bolea E, Pérez-Arantegui J, Laborda F. Comparative study of extraction methods of silver species from faeces of animals fed with silver-based nanomaterials. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:204. [PMID: 37160774 PMCID: PMC10169895 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extractions methods based on ultrapure water, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) were applied to faeces collected from two in vivo experiments of pigs and chickens fed with a silver-based nanomaterial to study the fate and speciation of silver. For TMAH extraction, cysteine and CaCl2 were used to evaluate their stabilization effect on the silver forms. The analytical techniques single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS), hydrodynamic chromatography hyphenated to ICP-MS (HDC-ICP-MS) and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled to ICP-MS (AF4-ICP-MS) were applied to the simultaneous detection of particulate and dissolved silver. Results have shown that water extraction was a suitable option to assess the environmental release of silver, with percentages of 3 and 9% for faeces of pigs and chickens, respectively. The use of TMAH extraction combined with SP-ICP-MS analysis was useful to characterize Ag-containing particles (less than 1%). Both stabilizers, cysteine and CaCl2, have a similar effect on silver nanoparticle preservation for chicken faeces, whereas cysteine-Triton was better for pig samples. In any case, silver extraction efficiency with TMAH was low (39-42%) for both types of faeces due to a matrix effect. TSPP followed by ICP-MS enabled the fractionation of the silver in the faeces, with silver sulphide (41%) and ionic silver (62%) being the most abundant fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Jiménez
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Mariam Bakir
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Khaoula Ben-Jeddou
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bolea
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josefina Pérez-Arantegui
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Laborda
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Borowska M, Jankowski K. Basic and advanced spectrometric methods for complete nanoparticles characterization in bio/eco systems: current status and future prospects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04641-7. [PMID: 36949345 PMCID: PMC10329056 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanoparticles in the environment and human life has increased in the last 20 years. The risk assessment concerning application of nanomaterials in biological systems requires their thorough characterization. Understanding the correlations between physicochemical properties of nanoparticles concerning not only the size, particle size distribution, number concentration, degree of aggregation, or agglomeration but also solubility, stability, binding affinity, surface activity, chemical composition, and nanoparticle synthesis yield allows their reliable characterization. Thus, to find the structure-function/property relationship of nanoparticles, multifaceted characterization approach based on more than one analytical technique is required. On the other hand, the increasing demand for identification and characterization of nanomaterials has contributed to the continuous development of spectrometric techniques which enables for their qualitative and quantitative analysis in complex matrices giving reproducible and reliable results. This review is aimed at providing a discussion concerning four main aspects of nanoparticle characterization: nanoparticle synthesis yield, particle size and number concentration, elemental and isotopic composition of nanoparticles, and their surface properties. The conventional and non-conventional spectrometric techniques such as spectrophotometry UV-Vis, mass spectrometric techniques working in conventional and single-particle mode, or those based on optical emission detection systems are described with special emphasis paid on their advantages and drawbacks. The application and recent advances of these methods are also comprehensively reviewed and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Borowska
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Jankowski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
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Clases D, Gonzalez de Vega R. Facets of ICP-MS and their potential in the medical sciences-Part 2: nanomedicine, immunochemistry, mass cytometry, and bioassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7363-7386. [PMID: 36042038 PMCID: PMC9427439 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has transformed our knowledge on the role of trace and major elements in biology and has emerged as the most versatile technique in elemental mass spectrometry. The scope of ICP-MS has dramatically changed since its inception, and nowadays, it is a mature platform technology that is compatible with chromatographic and laser ablation (LA) systems. Over the last decades, it kept pace with various technological advances and was inspired by interdisciplinary approaches which endorsed new areas of applications. While the first part of this review was dedicated to fundamentals in ICP-MS, its hyphenated techniques and the application in biomonitoring, isotope ratio analysis, elemental speciation analysis, and elemental bioimaging, this second part will introduce relatively current directions in ICP-MS and their potential to provide novel perspectives in the medical sciences. In this context, current directions for the characterisation of novel nanomaterials which are considered for biomedical applications like drug delivery and imaging platforms will be discussed while considering different facets of ICP-MS including single event analysis and dedicated hyphenated techniques. Subsequently, immunochemistry techniques will be reviewed in their capability to expand the scope of ICP-MS enabling analysis of a large range of biomolecules alongside elements. These methods inspired mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry and have the potential to transform diagnostics and treatment by offering new paradigms for personalised medicine. Finally, the interlacing of immunochemistry methods, single event analysis, and functional nanomaterials has opened new horizons to design novel bioassays which promise potential as assets for clinical applications and larger screening programs and will be discussed in their capabilities to detect low-level proteins and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Clases
- Nano Mirco LAB, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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