1
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Roth A, Porter AP, Horger S, Ochoa-Romero K, Guirado G, Rossini AJ, Vela J. Lead-Free Semiconductors: Phase-Evolution and Superior Stability of Multinary Tin Chalcohalides. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:4542-4552. [PMID: 38764751 PMCID: PMC11099925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Tin-based semiconductors are highly desirable materials for energy applications due to their low toxicity and biocompatibility relative to analogous lead-based semiconductors. In particular, tin-based chalcohalides possess optoelectronic properties that are ideal for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. In addition, they are believed to benefit from increased stability compared with halide perovskites. However, to fully realize their potential, it is first necessary to better understand and predict the synthesis and phase evolution of these complex materials. Here, we describe a versatile solution-phase method for the preparation of the multinary tin chalcohalide semiconductors Sn2SbS2I3, Sn2BiS2I3, Sn2BiSI5, and Sn2SI2. We demonstrate how certain thiocyanate precursors are selective toward the synthesis of chalcohalides, thus preventing the formation of binary and other lower order impurities rather than the preferred multinary compositions. Critically, we utilized 119Sn ssNMR spectroscopy to further assess the phase purity of these materials. Further, we validate that the tin chalcohalides exhibit excellent water stability under ambient conditions, as well as remarkable resistance to heat over time compared to halide perovskites. Together, this work enables the isolation of lead-free, stable, direct band gap chalcohalide compositions that will help engineer more stable and biocompatible semiconductors and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison
N. Roth
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andrew P. Porter
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sarah Horger
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kerly Ochoa-Romero
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Javier Vela
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Li K, Willis J, Kavanagh SR, Scanlon DO. Computational Prediction of an Antimony-Based n-Type Transparent Conducting Oxide: F-Doped Sb 2O 5. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:2907-2916. [PMID: 38558913 PMCID: PMC10976629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) possess a unique combination of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, making them indispensable in optoelectronic applications. However, their heavy dependence on a small number of established materials limits the range of devices that they can support. The discovery and development of additional wide bandgap oxides that can be doped to exhibit metallic-like conductivity are therefore necessary. In this work, we use hybrid density functional theory to identify a binary Sb(V) system, Sb2O5, as a promising TCO with high conductivity and transparency when doped with fluorine. We conducted a full point defect analysis, finding F-doped Sb2O5 to exhibit degenerate n-type transparent conducting behavior. The inherently large electron affinity found in antimony oxides also widens their application in organic solar cells. Following our previous work on zinc antimonate, this work provides additional support for designing Sb(V)-based oxides as cost-effective TCOs for a broader range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Joe Willis
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Seán R. Kavanagh
- Thomas
Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - David O. Scanlon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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3
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Kumar M, Sheoran S, Bhattacharya S. Exploring Chalcohalide Perovskite-Inspired Materials (Sn 2SbX 2I 3; X = S or Se) for Optoelectronic and Spintronic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10158-10165. [PMID: 37925682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Chalcohalide perovskite-inspired materials have attracted attention as promising optoelectronic materials due to their small band gaps, high defect tolerance, nontoxicity, and stability. However, a detailed analysis of their electronic structure and excited-state properties is lacking. Here, using state-of-the-art density functional theory, an effective k·p model analysis, and many-body perturbation theory (within the framework of GW and BSE), we explore the band splitting and excitonic properties of Sn2SbX2I3 (X = S or Se). Our findings reveal that the Cmc21 phase exhibits Rashba and Dresselhaus effects, causing significant band splitting, especially near the conduction and valence band extremes, respectively. Moreover, we find that the exciton binding energy is larger than those of lead halide perovskites but smaller than those of chalcogenide perovskites. We also investigate polaron-facilitated charge carrier mobility, which is found to be similar to that of lead halide perovskites and greater than that of chalcogenide perovskites. These characteristics make these materials promising for applications in spintronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sajjan Sheoran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Saswata Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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4
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Huang Y, Li S, Zhang L. Accelerated Multisolvent Prediction for Aqueous Stable Halide Perovskite Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48771-48784. [PMID: 37812382 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Solvent treatment is critical to improving the stability of halide perovskite materials that suffer from notorious issues that inhibit their industrial deployment; however, the complicated perovskite virtual design space with different types of solvent modifiers is inaccessible to traditional trial-and-error methods. In this study, machine learning is employed to predict stable multiple solvent-modified perovskite films under hostile conditions, and a complicated quinary solvent system "DMSO + DMF + toluene + NMP + GBL" is effectively identified to significantly improve the optoelectronic stability of CH3NH3PbI3 in water. The "combinatorial solvent design" approach is realized by an extra tree machine learning model, which leads to a prediction dataset containing aqueous stability labels of 6720 new quinary solvent/perovskite systems. Importantly, the accuracy of the machine learning model is verified via photoelectrochemical experiments, achieving an experimental accuracy of 80%. A machine learning-predicted quinary solvent system offers significantly enhanced aqueous stability and 1000 times larger aqueous photocurrents, compared with the control CH3NH3PbI3 film under the same hostile conditions. This study demonstrates the efficacy of machine learning for solvent design toward stable halide perovskite materials under hostile conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Huang
- Department of Materials Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenyue Li
- Department of Materials Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
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5
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Choi YC, Nie R. Heavy pnictogen chalcohalides for efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly solar cell applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:142001. [PMID: 36603211 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb05d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solar cell technology is an effective solution for addressing climate change and the energy crisis. Therefore, many researchers have investigated various solar cell absorbers that convert Sunlight into electric energy. Among the different materials researched, heavy pnictogen chalcohalides comprising heavy pnictogen cations, such as Bi3+and Sb3+, and chalcogen-halogen anions have recently been revisited as emerging solar absorbers because of their potential for efficient, stable, and low-toxicity solar cell applications. This review explores the recent progress in the applications of heavy pnictogen chalcohalides, including oxyhalides and mixed chalcohalides, in solar cells. We categorize them into material types based on their common structural characteristics and describe their up-to-date developments in solar cell applications. Finally, we discuss their material imitations, challenges for further development, and possible strategies for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Choi
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Riming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
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6
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Kavanagh SR, Savory CN, Liga SM, Konstantatos G, Walsh A, Scanlon DO. Frenkel Excitons in Vacancy-Ordered Titanium Halide Perovskites (Cs 2TiX 6). J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10965-10975. [PMID: 36414263 PMCID: PMC9720747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost, nontoxic, and earth-abundant photovoltaic materials are long-sought targets in the solar cell research community. Perovskite-inspired materials have emerged as promising candidates for this goal, with researchers employing materials design strategies including structural, dimensional, and compositional transformations to avoid the use of rare and toxic elemental constituents, while attempting to maintain high optoelectronic performance. These strategies have recently been invoked to propose Ti-based vacancy-ordered halide perovskites (A2TiX6; A = CH3NH3, Cs, Rb, or K; X = I, Br, or Cl) for photovoltaic operation, following the initial promise of Cs2SnX6 compounds. Theoretical investigations of these materials, however, consistently overestimate their band gaps, a fundamental property for photovoltaic applications. Here, we reveal strong excitonic effects as the origin of this discrepancy between theory and experiment, a consequence of both low structural dimensionality and band localization. These findings have vital implications for the optoelectronic application of these compounds while also highlighting the importance of frontier-orbital character for chemical substitution in materials design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán R. Kavanagh
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, LondonWC1H 0AJ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Christopher N. Savory
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, LondonWC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Shanti M. Liga
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerasimos Konstantatos
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aron Walsh
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - David O. Scanlon
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, LondonWC1H 0AJ, U.K.
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7
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Ghorpade UV, Suryawanshi MP, Green MA, Wu T, Hao X, Ryan KM. Emerging Chalcohalide Materials for Energy Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 123:327-378. [PMID: 36410039 PMCID: PMC9837823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductors with multiple anions currently provide a new materials platform from which improved functionality emerges, posing new challenges and opportunities in material science. This review has endeavored to emphasize the versatility of the emerging family of semiconductors consisting of mixed chalcogen and halogen anions, known as "chalcohalides". As they are multifunctional, these materials are of general interest to the wider research community, ranging from theoretical/computational scientists to experimental materials scientists. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of emerging Bi- and Sb-based as well as a new Cu, Sn, Pb, Ag, and hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based chalcohalides. We first highlight the high-throughput computational techniques to design and develop these chalcohalide materials. We then proceed to discuss their optoelectronic properties, band structures, stability, and structural chemistry employing theoretical and experimental underpinning toward high-performance devices. Next, we present an overview of recent advancements in the synthesis and their wide range of applications in energy conversion and storage devices. Finally, we conclude the review by outlining the impediments and important aspects in this field as well as offering perspectives on future research directions to further promote the development of chalcohalide materials in practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma V. Ghorpade
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland,School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mahesh P. Suryawanshi
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia,
| | - Martin A. Green
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- School
of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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8
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Al Bacha S, Saitzek S, McCabe EE, Kabbour H. Photocatalytic and Photocurrent Responses to Visible Light of the Lone-Pair-Based Oxysulfide Sr 6Cd 2Sb 6S 10O 7. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18611-18621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Al Bacha
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d’Artois, UMR 8181─UCCS─Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, LilleF-59000, France
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, CanterburyCT2 7NH, Kent, U.K
- Departement of Physics, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Sébastien Saitzek
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181, Unite de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), F-62300Lens, France
| | - Emma E. McCabe
- Departement of Physics, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Houria Kabbour
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d’Artois, UMR 8181─UCCS─Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, LilleF-59000, France
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9
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Strong absorption and ultrafast localisation in NaBiS 2 nanocrystals with slow charge-carrier recombination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4960. [PMID: 36002464 PMCID: PMC9402705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
I-V-VI2 ternary chalcogenides are gaining attention as earth-abundant, nontoxic, and air-stable absorbers for photovoltaic applications. However, the semiconductors explored thus far have slowly-rising absorption onsets, and their charge-carrier transport is not well understood yet. Herein, we investigate cation-disordered NaBiS2 nanocrystals, which have a steep absorption onset, with absorption coefficients reaching >105 cm-1 just above its pseudo-direct bandgap of 1.4 eV. Surprisingly, we also observe an ultrafast (picosecond-time scale) photoconductivity decay and long-lived charge-carrier population persisting for over one microsecond in NaBiS2 nanocrystals. These unusual features arise because of the localised, non-bonding S p character of the upper valence band, which leads to a high density of electronic states at the band edges, ultrafast localisation of spatially-separated electrons and holes, as well as the slow decay of trapped holes. This work reveals the critical role of cation disorder in these systems on both absorption characteristics and charge-carrier kinetics.
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10
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Wang X, Li Z, Kavanagh SR, Ganose AM, Walsh A. Lone pair driven anisotropy in antimony chalcogenide semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7195-7202. [PMID: 35262534 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) and selenide (Sb2Se3) have emerged as promising earth-abundant alternatives among thin-film photovoltaic compounds. A distinguishing feature of these materials is their anisotropic crystal structures, which are composed of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) [Sb4X6]n ribbons. The interaction between ribbons has been reported to be van der Waals (vdW) in nature and Sb2X3 are thus commonly classified in the literature as 1D semiconductors. However, based on first-principles calculations, here we show that inter-ribbon interactions are present in Sb2X3 beyond the vdW regime. The origin of the anisotropic structures is related to the stereochemical activity of the Sb 5s lone pair according to electronic structure analysis. The impacts of structural anisotropy on the electronic, dielectric and optical properties relevant to solar cells are further examined, including the presence of higher dimensional Fermi surfaces for charge carrier transport. Our study provides guidelines for optimising the performance of Sb2X3-based photovoltaics via device structuring based on the underlying crystal anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Zhenzhu Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seán R Kavanagh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alex M Ganose
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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11
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Kavanagh SR, Scanlon DO, Walsh A, Freysoldt C. Impact of metastable defect structures on carrier recombination in solar cells. Faraday Discuss 2022; 239:339-356. [PMID: 35924554 PMCID: PMC9615105 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of a solar cell is often limited by electron–hole recombination mediated by defect states within the band gap of the photovoltaic (PV) semiconductor. The Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) model considers a static trap that can successively capture electrons and holes. In reality however, true trap levels vary with both the defect charge state and local structure. Here we consider the role of metastable structural configurations in capturing electrons and holes, taking the tellurium interstitial in CdTe as an illustrative example. Consideration of the defect dynamics, and symmetry-breaking, changes the qualitative behaviour and activates new pathways for carrier capture. Our results reveal the potential importance of metastable defect structures in non-radiative recombination, in particular for semiconductors with anharmonic/ionic–covalent bonding, multinary compositions, low crystal symmetries or highly-mobile defects. Metastable defect structures can activate novel pathways for electron–hole recombination in semiconductors – particularly for inorganic compounds with anharmonic/mixed bonding, multinary composition, low symmetry and/or highly-mobile defects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán R Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry & Thomas Young Centre, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Department of Materials & Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry & Thomas Young Centre, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Chemistry & Thomas Young Centre, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Christoph Freysoldt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Wang X, Li T, Xing B, Faizan M, Biswas K, Zhang L. Metal Halide Semiconductors beyond Lead-Based Perovskites for Promising Optoelectronic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10532-10550. [PMID: 34694114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, metal halide semiconductors represented by lead-based halide perovskites have shown broad potential in optoelectronic applications. This family of semiconductors differs from traditional tetrahedral semiconductors in crystalline structure, chemical bonding, electronic-structure features, optoelectronic properties, as well as material fabrication method. At present, difficulties arising from both intrinsic material properties (including Pb toxicity and long-term stability) and technological aspects hinder their large-scale commercialization. In this Perspective, we focus on up-and-coming lead-free metal halide semiconductors toward high-performance optoelectronic applications. We start by outlining the advantages of metal halide semiconductors and their physical and chemical underpinnings. We then review composition and structure, electronic structure, optoelectronic properties, and device applications according to classification into three material categories, i.e., three-dimensional halide perovskites, low-dimensional perovskites and perovskite-like materials, and materials beyond perovskites. We conclude with an outlook on the challenges and opportunities of metal halide semiconductors and the future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Koushik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467, United States
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13
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Hao KR, Ma XY, Zhang Z, Lyu HY, Yan QB, Su G. Ferroelectric and Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Semiconductors in the 2D M IM IIGe 2X 6 Family: First-Principles and Machine Learning Investigations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10040-10051. [PMID: 34623167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by experimentally discovering ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) CrGeTe3 and CuInP2S6 with similar geometric structures, respectively, we systematically investigated ferroic properties in a large family of 2D MIMIIGe2X6 (MI and MII = metal elements, X = S/Se/Te) by combining high-throughput first-principles calculations and the machine learning method. We identified 12 stable 2D multiferroics containing simultaneously ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) properties and 35 2D ferromagnets without FE polarization. Particularly, the predicted FM Curie temperatures (TC) of eight 2D FM+FE semiconductors are close to or above room temperature. The ferroelectricity originates from the spontaneous geometric symmetry breaking induced by the unexpected shift of Ge-Ge atomic pairs and the emergence of Ge lone pair electrons, which also strengthens the p-d orbital hybridization between X atoms and metal atoms, leading to enhanced super-super-exchange interactions and raising the FM TC. Our findings not only enrich the family of 2D ferroic materials and present room-temperature FM semiconductors but also disclose the mechanism of the emerging ferroelectricity and enhanced ferromagnetism, which sheds light on the realization of high temperature multiferroics as well as FM semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Rong Hao
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Yu Ma
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hou-Yi Lyu
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Bo Yan
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences and CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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