Rosmarinic acid ameliorated psoriatic skin inflammation in mice through the novel inhibition of the interleukin-17A/interleukin-17A receptor interaction

Eugenol-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles-Derived Hydrogels Ameliorate Psoriasis-like Skin Lesions by Lowering Oxidative Stress and Modulating Inflammation

Psoriasis is a chronic T-cell-mediated autoimmune skin disorder characterized by excessive epidermal thickening, overproliferation of keratinocyte, disruption of epidermal cell differentiation, and increased blood vessel growth in the dermal layer. Despite the common use of corticosteroids in psoriasis treatment, their limited efficacy and numerous side effects pose significant challenges. This research introduces a promising alternative approach by encapsulating eugenol (EU) in soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) nanoparticles (EUNPs) which showed spherical shape nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic size of approximately 200 nm, polydispersity index 0.23, encapsulation efficiency of 85% having good colloidal stability indicated by ζ-potential of -27 mV. Later on, these EUNPs were formulated into a topical hydrogel system by using Carbopol 974P (EUNPGel), which exhibited superior drug loading, enhanced release kinetics for 48 h, long-term stability, and the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, EUNPs inhibited keratinocyte proliferation, induced apoptosis, and augmented the uptake of IL-6-mediated inflammation in human keratinocyte cells. Application of EUNPs-loaded gels (EUNPGel) to imiquimod-induced psoriatic lesions demonstrated effective dermal penetration, suppressed keratinocyte hyperplasia and restored epidermal growth. This led to a remarkable reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score from 3.75 to 0.5 within 5 days. This novel approach enhances ROS scavenging capacity, improves cellular uptake, facilitates skin penetration and retention, reduces the activity of hyperactive immune cells, and suggests potential applications for treating other immune-related disorders such as acne and atopic dermatitis.

Rosmarinic acid mitigates intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeiana) fed high soybean meal diets

High proportions of soybean meal in aquafeed have been confirmed to induce various intestinal pathologies. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, when added to high soybean meal feeds in different doses, (0, 0.5, 1, and 4 g/kg). During the 56-day feeding trial, results indicated that, compared to the control group without RA (0 g/kg), the 1 g/kg and 4 g/kg RA groups increased bullfrog survival rates and total weight gain while reducing feed coefficient. Additionally, these doses markedly suppressed the expression of key intestinal inflammatory markers (tlr5, myd88, tnfα, il1β, cxcl8, cxcl12) and the activity and content of intestinal antioxidants (CAT, MDA, GSH, GPX). Concurrently, RA significantly downregulated the transcription levels of antioxidant-related genes (cat, gpx5, cyba, cybb, mgst, gclc, gsta, gstp), suggesting RA's potential to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress induced by high soybean meal and to help downregulate and restore normal expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. However, the 0.5 g/kg RA group did not show a significant improvement in survival rates; instead, it upregulated the transcription of some antioxidant genes (cat, gpx5, cyba, cybb), revealing the complexity and dose-dependency of RA's antioxidant action. Furthermore, RA supplementation significantly reshaped the intestinal microbial community structure and relative abundance in bullfrogs, particularly affecting the genera Hafnia, Phascolarctobacterium, and Lactococcus. Notably, high doses of RA (1 g/kg, 4 g/kg) were able to downregulate pathways associated with the enrichment of gut microbiota in diseases such as Parkinson's, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and Systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting its potential in anti-inflammatory action and health maintenance to prevent potential diseases.

Essential Oil of Matricaria chamomilla Alleviate Psoriatic-Like Skin Inflammation by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and p38MAPK Signaling Pathway

Background

The traditional Matricaria chamomilla L. has been used to treat dermatitis for thousands of years. Due to emerging trends in alternative medicine, patients prefer natural remedies to relieve their symptoms. Therefore, finding safe and effective plant medicines for topical applications on the skin is an important treatment strategy for dermatologists. German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) from the Compositae family is a famous medicinal plant, often known as the "star of medicinal species."However, the function of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil on skin inflammation has not been thoroughly examined in earlier research.

Methods

GC-MS analyzed the components of MCEO, and this study explored the anti-inflammation effects of MCEO on psoriasis with network pharmacological pathway prediction. Following this, we used clinical samples of psoriasis patients to confirm the secretory characteristic of relative inflammatory markers. The therapeutic effect of MCEO on skin inflammation was detected by examination of human keratinocytes HaCaT. At the same time, we prepared imiquimod-induced psoriatic-like skin inflammation in mice to investigate thoroughly the potential inhibition functions of MCEO on psoriatic skin injury and inflammation.

Results

MCEO significantly reduced interleukin-22/tumor necrosis factor α/lipopolysaccharide-stimulated elevation of HaCaT cell inflammation, which was correlated with downregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and p38MAPK pathways activation mediated by MCEO in HaCaT cells treated with IL-22/TNF-α/LPS. Skin inflammation was evaluated based on the PASI score, HE staining, and relative inflammatory cytokine levels. The results showed that MCEO could significantly contribute to inflammatory skin disease treatment.

Conclusion

MCEO inhibited inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes induced by IL-22/TNF-α/LPS, the potential mechanisms associated with inhibiting excessive activation and crosstalk between PI3K/Akt/mTOR and p38MAPK pathways. MCEO ameliorated skin injury in IMQ-induced psoriatic-like skin inflammation of mice by downregulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines but not IL-17A. Thus, anti-inflammatory plant drugs with different targets with combined applications were a potential therapeutic strategy in psoriasis.

Phenethyl Ester of Gallic Acid Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Gallic acid is a phenolic acid present in various plants, nuts, and fruits. It is well known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The phenethyl ester of gallic acid (PEGA) was synthesized with the aim of increasing the bioavailability of gallic acid, and thus its pharmacological potential. Here, the effects of PEGA on encephalitogenic cells were examined, and PEGA was found to modulate the inflammatory activities of T cells and macrophages/microglia. Specifically, PEGA reduced the release of interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ from T cells, as well as NO, and IL-6 from macrophages/microglia. Importantly, PEGA ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)-multiple sclerosis. Thus, PEGA is a potent anti-inflammatory compound with a perspective to be further explored in the context of CNS autoimmunity and other chronic inflammatory disorders.