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Carvalho TMA, Di Molfetta D, Greco MR, Koltai T, Alfarouk KO, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA. Tumor Microenvironment Features and Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Insights into Targeting Physicochemical Barriers and Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6135. [PMID: 34885243 PMCID: PMC8657427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the median overall survival of PDAC patients rarely exceeds 1 year and has an overall 5-year survival rate of about 9%. These numbers are anticipated to worsen in the future due to the lack of understanding of the factors involved in its strong chemoresistance. Chemotherapy remains the only treatment option for most PDAC patients; however, the available therapeutic strategies are insufficient. The factors involved in chemoresistance include the development of a desmoplastic stroma which reprograms cellular metabolism, and both contribute to an impaired response to therapy. PDAC stroma is composed of immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts embedded in a prominent, dense extracellular matrix associated with areas of hypoxia and acidic extracellular pH. While multiple gene mutations are involved in PDAC initiation, this desmoplastic stroma plays an important role in driving progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying PDAC resistance are a prerequisite for designing novel approaches to increase patient survival. In this review, we provide an overview of the stromal features and how they contribute to the chemoresistance in PDAC treatment. By highlighting new paradigms in the role of the stromal compartment in PDAC therapy, we hope to stimulate new concepts aimed at improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | | | - Khalid O. Alfarouk
- Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah 42316, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (M.R.G.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
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Murphy A, Roy N, Sun H, Jin C, Costa M. Induction of NUPR1 and AP‑1 contributes to the carcinogenic potential of nickel. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:41. [PMID: 33649793 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is carcinogenic to humans, and causes cancers of the lung, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses. The primary mechanisms of Ni‑mediated carcinogenesis involve the epigenetic reprogramming of cells and the ability for Ni to mimic hypoxia. However, the exact mechanisms of carcinogenesis related to Ni are obscure. Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) is a stress‑response gene overexpressed in cancers, and is capable of conferring chemotherapeutic resistance. Likewise, activator protein 1 (AP‑1) is highly responsive to environmental signals, and has been associated with cancer development. In this study, NUPR1 was found to be rapidly and highly induced in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS‑2B) cells exposed to Ni, and was overexpressed in Ni‑transformed BEAS‑2B cells. Similarly, AP‑1 subunits, JUN and FOS, were induced in BEAS‑2B cells following Ni exposure. Knockdown of JUN or FOS was found to significantly suppress NUPR1 induction following Ni exposure, demonstrating their importance in NUPR1 transactivation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to induce AP‑1, and Ni has been shown to produce ROS. Treatment of BEAS‑2B cells with antioxidants was unable to prevent NUPR1 induction by Ni, suggesting that NUPR1 induction by Ni relies on mechanisms other than oxidative stress. To determine how NUPR1 is transcriptionally regulated following Ni exposure, the NUPR1 promoter was cloned and inserted into a luciferase gene reporter vector. Multiple JUN binding sites reside within the NUPR1 promoter, and upon deleting a JUN binding site in the upstream most region within the NUPR1 promoter using site‑directed mutagenesis, NUPR1 promoter activity was significantly reduced. This suggests that AP‑1 transcriptionally regulates NUPR1. Moreover, knockdown of NUPR1 significantly reduced colony formation and anchorage‑independent growth in Ni‑transformed BEAS‑2B cells. Therefore, these results collectively demonstrate a novel mechanism of NUPR1 induction following Ni exposure, and provide a molecular basis by which NUPR1 may contribute to lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Murphy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nirmal Roy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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3
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Murphy A, Costa M. Nuclear protein 1 imparts oncogenic potential and chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 494:132-141. [PMID: 32835767 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) also known as p8 and candidate of metastasis 1 (COM1) functions as a transcriptional regulator, and plays a role in cell cycle, DNA damage response, apoptosis, autophagy, and chromatin remodeling in response to various cellular stressors. Since it was first suggested to contribute to cancer development and progression in 1999, a number of studies have sought to reveal its function. However, NUPR1 and its biological relevance in cancer have proven difficult to pinpoint. Based on evidence of NUPR1 expression in cancers, its function extends from carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis to metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance. A tumor suppressive function of NUPR1 has also been documented in multiple cancers. By and large, literature involving NUPR1 and cancer is confined to pancreatic and breast cancers, yet significant progress has been made with respect to NUPR1 expression and its function in lung, colorectal, blood, and prostate cancers, among others. Recent evidence strongly supports the notion that NUPR1 is key in chemotherapeutic resistance by mediating both anti-apoptotic activity and autophagy when challenged with anti-cancer compounds. Therefore, it is of significant importance to understand the broad range of molecular functions directed by NUPR1. In this review, NUPR1 expression and its role in breast, lung, and colorectal cancer development and progression will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Murphy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
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4
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The E2F transcription factors regulate tumor development and metastasis in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3229-43. [PMID: 24934442 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00737-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) have a clearly defined role in cell cycle control, recent work has uncovered new functions. Using genomic signature methods, we predicted a role for the activator E2F transcription factors in the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-polyomavirus middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. To genetically test the hypothesis that the E2Fs function to regulate tumor development and metastasis, we interbred MMTV-PyMT mice with E2F1, E2F2, or E2F3 knockout mice. With the ablation of individual E2Fs, we noted alterations of tumor latency, histology, and vasculature. Interestingly, we noted striking reductions in metastatic capacity and in the number of circulating tumor cells in both the E2F1 and E2F2 knockout backgrounds. Investigating E2F target genes that mediate metastasis, we found that E2F loss led to decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa), Bmp4, Cyr61, Nupr1, Plod 2, P4ha1, Adamts1, Lgals3, and Angpt2. These gene expression changes indicate that the E2Fs control the expression of genes critical to angiogenesis, the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, tumor cell survival, and tumor cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells that facilitate metastasis to the lungs. Taken together, these results reveal that the E2F transcription factors play key roles in mediating tumor development and metastasis in addition to their well-characterized roles in cell cycle control.
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Cano CE, Hamidi T, Garcia MN, Grasso D, Loncle C, Garcia S, Calvo E, Lomberk G, Dusetti N, Bartholin L, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. Genetic inactivation of Nupr1 acts as a dominant suppressor event in a two-hit model of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Gut 2014; 63:984-95. [PMID: 24026351 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) is a major factor in the cell stress response required for Kras(G12D)-driven formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (PanINs). We evaluated the relevance of Nupr1 in the development of pancreatic cancer. METHODS We investigated the role of Nupr1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression beyond PanINs in Pdx1-cre;LSL-Kras(G12D);Ink4a/Arf(fl/fl)(KIC) mice. RESULTS Even in the context of the second tumorigenic hit of Ink4a/Arf deletion, Nupr1 deficiency led to suppression of malignant transformation involving caspase 3 activation in premalignant cells of KIC pancreas. Only half of Nupr1-deficient;KIC mice achieved PDAC development, and incident cases survived longer than Nupr1(wt);KIC mice. This was associated with the development of well-differentiated PDACs in Nupr1-deficient;KIC mice, which displayed enrichment of genes characteristic of the recently identified human classical PDAC subtype. Nupr1-deficient;KIC PDACs also shared with human classical PDACs the overexpression of the Kras-activation gene signature. In contrast, Nupr1(wt);KIC mice developed invasive PDACs with enriched gene signature of human quasi-mesenchymal (QM) PDACs. Cells derived from Nupr1-deficient;KIC PDACs growth in an anchorage-independent manner in vitro had higher aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and overexpressed nanog, Oct-4 and Sox2 transcripts compared with Nupr1(wt);KIC cells. Moreover, Nupr1-deficient and Nurpr1(wt);KIC cells differed in their sensitivity to the nucleoside analogues Ly101-4b and WJQ63. Together, these findings show the pivotal role of Nupr1 in both the initiation and late stages of PDAC in vivo, with a potential impact on PDAC cell stemness. CONCLUSIONS According to Nupr1 status, KIC mice develop tumours that phenocopy human classical or QM-PDAC, respectively, and present differential drug sensitivity, thus becoming attractive models for preclinical drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Cano
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, , Marseille, France
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6
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Zhang R, Yao F, Cheng C, Chen Y, Lv Y, Li Z, Zhao N, Wang T, Xin W, Zou X, Hou L. Expression and roles of As-NUPR1 protein from Artemia sinica during embryo development and in response to salinity stress. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3465-73. [PMID: 24510410 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As-NUPR1, a stress-related protein, plays an important role in post-diapause during embryonic development in the brine shrimp Artemia sinica. In the present study, successful expression of As-NUPR1 from the cDNA sequence isolated from A. sinica was demonstrated using a prokaryotic expression system. The recombinant protein consisted of 132 amino acids with a molecular weight of 15 kDa, and a predicted isoelectric point of 7.17. As-NUPR1 polyclonal antibodies were prepared by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant As-NUPR1 protein as an antigen, and immunological studies were carried out. Expression of As-NUPR1 during different developmental stages of the embryo and in response to salinity stress was analyzed in A. sinica using Western blots. The experimental results showed that the expression of As-NUPR1 is widely distributed at different developmental stages in A. sinica, and there was no tissue or organ specificity. Expression of As-NUPR1 decreased gradually during the diapause termination stage of embryo development, after which there was a general increase in expression after breaking the shell. In addition, As-NUPR1 expression was highly upregulated under conditions of high salinity. These results suggest that the As-NUPR1 protein is a stress-related protein that plays a role in protecting embryos from high salt damage in different embryonic developmental stages, especially during the post-diapause period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, No. 1, Liushu South Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
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7
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Cano CE, Sandí MJ, Hamidi T, Calvo EL, Turrini O, Bartholin L, Loncle C, Secq V, Garcia S, Lomberk G, Kroemer G, Urrutia R, Iovanna JL. Homotypic cell cannibalism, a cell-death process regulated by the nuclear protein 1, opposes to metastasis in pancreatic cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:964-79. [PMID: 22821859 PMCID: PMC3491828 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely deadly disease for which all treatments available have failed to improve life expectancy significantly. This may be explained by the high metastatic potential of PDAC cells, which results from their dedifferentiation towards a mesenchymal phenotype. Some PDAC present cell-in-cell structures whose origin and significance are currently unknown. We show here that cell-in-cells form after homotypic cell cannibalism (HoCC). We found PDAC patients whose tumours display HoCC develop less metastasis than those without. In vitro, HoCC was promoted by inactivation of the nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1), and was enhanced by treatment with transforming growth factor β. HoCC ends with death of PDAC cells, consistent with a metastasis suppressor role for this phenomenon. Hence, our data indicates a protective role for HoCC in PDAC and identifies Nupr1 as a molecular regulator of this process.
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8
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Hamidi T, Algül H, Cano CE, Sandi MJ, Molejon MI, Riemann M, Calvo EL, Lomberk G, Dagorn JC, Weih F, Urrutia R, Schmid RM, Iovanna JL. Nuclear protein 1 promotes pancreatic cancer development and protects cells from stress by inhibiting apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2092-103. [PMID: 22565310 DOI: 10.1172/jci60144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the lowest survival rate of all cancers and shows remarkable resistance to cell stress. Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1), which mediates stress response in the pancreas, is frequently upregulated in pancreatic cancer. Here, we report that Nupr1 plays an essential role in pancreatic tumorigenesis. In a mouse model of pancreatic cancer with constitutively expressed oncogenic Kras(G12D), we found that loss of Nupr1 protected from the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs). Further, in cultured pancreatic cells, nutrient deprivation activated Nupr1 expression, which we found to be required for cell survival. We found that Nupr1 protected cells from stress-induced death by inhibiting apoptosis through a pathway dependent on transcription factor RelB and immediate early response 3 (IER3). NUPR1, RELB, and IER3 proteins were coexpressed in mouse PanINs from Kras(G12D)-expressing pancreas. Moreover, pancreas-specific deletion of Relb in a Kras(G12D) background resulted in delayed in PanIN development associated with a lack of IER3 expression. Thus, efficient PanIN formation was dependent on the expression of Nupr1 and Relb, with likely involvement of IER3. Finally, in patients with PDAC, expression of NUPR1, RELB, and IER3 was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis. Cumulatively, these results reveal a NUPR1/RELB/IER3 stress-related pathway that is required for oncogenic Kras(G12D)-dependent transformation of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewfik Hamidi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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9
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Kim KS, Jin DI, Yoon S, Baek SY, Kim BS, Oh SO. Expression and roles of NUPR1 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Anat Cell Biol 2012; 45:17-25. [PMID: 22536548 PMCID: PMC3328737 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2012.45.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein-1 (NUPR1) is a small nuclear protein that is responsive to various stress stimuli. Although NUPR1 has been associated with cancer development, its expression and roles in cholangiocarcinoma have not yet been described. In the present study, we found that NUPR1 was over-expressed in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues, using immunohistochemistry. The role of NUPR1 in cholangiocarcinoma was examined by its specific siRNA. NUPR1 siRNA decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (HuCCT1 and SNU1196 cells). From these results, we conclude that NUPR1 is over-expressed in cholangiocarcinoma and regulates the proliferation and motility of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Sun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Rôle de la protéine de stress p8 dans la progression tumorale et le développement des métastases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 59:303-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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p8 Expression controls pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and tumorigenesis. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3442-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
Nupr1 is a small, highly basic and loosely folded multifunctional protein whose expression is induced by several stresses. Its relation to cancer was first suggested by its overexpression in several human malignancies and the association of its expression with breast cancer metastasis. Accordingly, Nupr1 is structurally related to the high-mobility group (HMG) of transcriptional regulators, which play a key role in the stress response and in cancer progression. Nupr1 interacts with numerous partners to regulate cell cycle, programmed cell death, autophagy, chromatin accessibility, and transcription, and its expression is required for regulation of TGFβ activity. Pleiotropic functions accomplished by Nupr1 depend on its molecular partners, its location into the cell, its expression level and on the cell-type. Nupr1 might be a new drug-targetable protein whose blockade would prevent cancer progression and metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Cano
- INSERM Unité 624 Stress Cellulaire, Marseille Cedex9, France
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13
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Goruppi S, Iovanna JL. Stress-inducible protein p8 is involved in several physiological and pathological processes. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1577-81. [PMID: 19926786 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r109.080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p8 (NUPR1 (nuclear protein-1), Com1 (candidate of metastasis-1)) is a protein related to the high mobility group of transcriptional regulators. It is a key player in the cellular stress response and is involved in metastasis. p8 was first identified as a gene induced in pancreatitis but has been since found overexpressed in several cancers and pathological conditions. Despite its small size and apparently simple structure, p8 functions in several biochemical and genetic pathways, and its expression is crucial for in vivo metastasis in mice, for cytokine induction of metalloproteases, and for stress-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Understanding p8 functions will provide new opportunities for developing more effective therapeutic approaches to cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Goruppi
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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Sambasivan R, Cheedipudi S, Pasupuleti N, Saleh A, Pavlath GK, Dhawan J. The small chromatin-binding protein p8 coordinates the association of anti-proliferative and pro-myogenic proteins at the myogenin promoter. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:3481-91. [PMID: 19723804 PMCID: PMC2746131 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.048678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent muscle progenitors called satellite cells persist in adult skeletal muscle and, upon injury to muscle, re-enter the cell cycle and either undergo self-renewal or differentiate to regenerate lost myofibers. Using synchronized cultures of C2C12 myoblasts to model these divergent programs, we show that p8 (also known as Nupr1), a G1-induced gene, negatively regulates the cell cycle and promotes myogenic differentiation. p8 is a small chromatin protein related to the high mobility group (HMG) family of architectural factors and binds to histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300, also known as CBP). We confirm this interaction and show that p300-dependent events (Myc expression, global histone acetylation and post-translational acetylation of the myogenic regulator MyoD) are all affected in p8-knockdown myoblasts, correlating with repression of MyoD target-gene expression and severely defective differentiation. We report two new partners for p8 that support a role in muscle-specific gene regulation: p68 (Ddx5), an RNA helicase reported to bind both p300 and MyoD, and MyoD itself. We show that, similar to MyoD and p300, p8 and p68 are located at the myogenin promoter, and that knockdown of p8 compromises chromatin association of all four proteins. Thus, p8 represents a new node in a chromatin regulatory network that coordinates myogenic differentiation with cell-cycle exit.
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Gironella M, Malicet C, Cano C, Sandi MJ, Hamidi T, Tauil RMN, Baston M, Valaco P, Moreno S, Lopez F, Neira JL, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. p8/nupr1 regulates DNA-repair activity after double-strand gamma irradiation-induced DNA damage. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:594-602. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Qiu Z, MacRae TH. Developmentally regulated synthesis of p8, a stress-associated transcription cofactor, in diapause-destined embryos of Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 12:255-64. [PMID: 17915558 PMCID: PMC1971234 DOI: 10.1379/csc-275.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause-destined embryos of the crustacean Artemia franciscana arrest as gastrulae, acquire extreme stress tolerance, and enter profound metabolic dormancy. Among genes upregulated at 2 days postfertilization in these embryos is a homologue of p8, a stress-inducible transcription cofactor. Artemia p8 is smaller than vertebrate homologues but shares a basic helix-loop-helix domain and a bipartite nuclear localization signal. Probing of restriction digested DNA on Southern blots indicated a single Artemia p8 gene and 5'-RACE specified 2 transcription start sites. Several putative cis-acting regulatory sequences, including two heat shock elements, appeared upstream of the p8 transcription start site. Artemia p8 mRNA increased sharply at 1 day postfertilization in diapause-destined embryos and then declined, whereas p8 protein appeared 2 days postfertilization and remained relatively constant throughout development, indicating a stable protein. p8 was not detectable in nauplius-destined (nondiapause) Artemia embryos. Immunofluorescent staining revealed p8 within Artemia nuclei. The results support the idea that p8, a known stressresponsive transcription cofactor, mediates gene expression in diapause-destined Artemia embryos. p8 is the first diapause-related transcription factor identified in crustaceans and 1 of only a small number of such proteins identified in any organism undergoing diapause.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Artemia/embryology
- Artemia/growth & development
- Artemia/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Stress, Physiological/embryology
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Qiu
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada
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17
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Cosen-Binker LI, Gaisano HY. Recent insights into the cellular mechanisms of acute pancreatitis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2007; 21:19-24. [PMID: 17225878 PMCID: PMC2656626 DOI: 10.1155/2007/930424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In acute pancreatitis, initiating cellular events causing acinar cell injury includes co-localization of zymogens with lysosomal hydrolases, leading to premature enzyme activation and pathological exocytosis of zymogens into the interstitial space. This is followed by processes that accentuate cell injury; triggering acute inflammatory mediators, intensifying oxidative stress, compromising the microcirculation and activating a neurogenic feedback. Such localized events then progress to a systemic inflammatory response leading to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome with resulting high morbidity and mortality. The present review discusses some of the most recent insights into each of these cellular processes postulated to cause or propagate the process of acute pancreatitis, and also the role of alcohol and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herbert Y Gaisano
- Correspondence: Dr Herbert Y Gaisano, University of Toronto, Room 7226, Medical Science Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8. Telephone 416-978-1526, fax 416-978-8765, e-mail
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18
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Brannon KM, Million Passe CM, White CR, Bade NA, King MW, Quirk CC. Expression of the high mobility group A family member p8 is essential to maintaining tumorigenic potential by promoting cell cycle dysregulation in LbetaT2 cells. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:146-55. [PMID: 17451874 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which the HMGA protein p8 facilitates tumorigenesis may be cell cycle dysregulation. Control- (C) LbetaT2 cells, which express p8, form tumors at a rate five-times faster than p8-knockdown (p8-KD)-LbetaT2 cells. In association with this heightened tumorigenic potential, p8-expressing C-LbetaT2 cells avoid G(0)/G(1) arrest and become genetically unstable while p8-KD-LbetaT2 cells arrest in G(0)/G(1), become senescent upon overgrowth, and maintain a diploid population. These phenotypic changes correspond to altered cell cycle regulation at the G(1)-to-S transition that may be due to p8-mediated changes in expression of the Cip/Kip family members of cell cycle inhibitors, p21, p27, and p57.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Brannon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-4401, USA
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19
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Xia W, Mruk DD, Lee WM, Cheng CY. Unraveling the molecular targets pertinent to junction restructuring events during spermatogenesis using the Adjudin-induced germ cell depletion model. J Endocrinol 2007; 192:563-83. [PMID: 17332525 PMCID: PMC2804028 DOI: 10.1677/joe-06-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, extensive restructuring takes place at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interface, which is regulated via intriguing interactions among cytokines, proteases, protease inhibitors, kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors. This in turn determines the steady-state levels of integral membrane proteins at the cell junctions. We sought to further expand these observations using the Adjudin model. Adjudin is a potential male contraceptive that targets Sertoli-germ cell adhesion, causing exfoliation of spermatids and spermatocytes, but not spermatogonia, from the seminiferous epithelium. This model thus provides the means to identify crucial regulatory molecules and signaling pathways pertinent to junction restructuring events during spermatogenesis. In this study, genome-wide expression profiling of rat testes after treatment with Adjudin at the time of extensive junction restructuring was performed. Differentially regulated genes, such as cytokines, proteases, protease inhibitors, cell junction-associated proteins, and transcription factors pertinent to junction restructuring were identified. These data were consistent with earlier findings; however, much new information was obtained which has been deposited at the Gene Expression Omnibus data repository website: http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/geo/ with Accession number: GSE5131. The primary signaling events pertinent to junction restructuring in the testis induced by Adjudin were also delineated using bioinformatics. These findings were also consistent with recently published reports. The identified molecular signatures or targets pertinent to junction dynamics in the testis as reported herein, many of which have not been investigated, thus offer a framework upon which the regulation of junction restructuring events at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interface pertinent to spermatogenesis can be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Xia
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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20
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Carracedo A, Lorente M, Egia A, Blázquez C, García S, Giroux V, Malicet C, Villuendas R, Gironella M, González-Feria L, Piris MA, Iovanna JL, Guzmán M, Velasco G. The stress-regulated protein p8 mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of tumor cells. Cancer Cell 2006; 9:301-12. [PMID: 16616335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 01/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most exciting areas of current research in the cannabinoid field is the study of the potential application of these compounds as antitumoral drugs. Here, we describe the signaling pathway that mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of tumor cells. By using a wide array of experimental approaches, we identify the stress-regulated protein p8 (also designated as candidate of metastasis 1) as an essential mediator of cannabinoid antitumoral action and show that p8 upregulation is dependent on de novo-synthesized ceramide. We also observe that p8 mediates its apoptotic effect via upregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes ATF-4, CHOP, and TRB3. Activation of this pathway may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaitz Carracedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Ray N, Enquist LW. Transcriptional response of a common permissive cell type to infection by two diverse alphaherpesviruses. J Virol 2004; 78:3489-501. [PMID: 15016872 PMCID: PMC371087 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.7.3489-3501.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are distantly related alphaherpesviruses whose natural hosts are pigs and humans, respectively. Adult infections of natural hosts are mild and rarely lethal. However, both viruses are also able to infect other hosts, often with lethal effects. In this report, we use the paradigm of infection of a common permissive cell type and microarray analysis to determine if these two diverse alphaherpesviruses engage similar or different cellular pathways to obtain a common outcome: productive infection. We compared cellular gene expression in growth-arrested, primary rat embryonic fibroblasts that were mock infected or infected with either purified PRV-Becker or HSV-1(F). Infections by either virus affect the transcription of more than 1,500 cellular genes by threefold or more. Few differences are detected early, and the majority of changes occur during the late stages of infection. Remarkably, the transcripts of about 500 genes are regulated in common, while the rest are regulated in a virus-specific manner. Genes whose expression is affected by infection fall into a diverse group of functional classes and cellular pathways. Furthermore, a comparison of the cellular response to HSV-1 infection of primary human and rat fibroblasts revealed unexpected diversity in the transcript profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjana Ray
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA
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22
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Luo X, Xu J, Chegini N. Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) alters the expression and activation of Smad in human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:125. [PMID: 14678567 PMCID: PMC317376 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) are often used to regress endometriosis implants and prevent premature luteinizing hormone surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. In addition to GnRH central action, the expression of GnRH and receptors in the endometrium implies an autocrine/paracrine role for GnRH and an additional site of action for GnRHa. To further examine the direct action of GnRH (Leuprolide acetate) in the endometrium, we determined the effect of GnRH on endometrial stromal (ESC) and endometrial surface epithelial (HES) cells expression and activation of Smads (Smad3, -4 and -7), intracellular signals activated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a key cytokine expressed in the endometrium. The results show that GnRH (0.1 microM) increased the expression of inhibitory Smad7 mRNA in HES with a limited effect on ESC, while moderately increasing the common Smad4 and Smad7 protein levels in these cells (P < 0.05). GnRH in a dose--(0.01 to 10 microM) and time--(5 to 30 min) dependent manner decreased the rate of Smad3 activation (phospho-Smad3, pSmad3), and altered Smad3 cellular distribution in both cell types. Pretreatment with Antide (GnRH antagonist) resulted in further suppression of Smad3 induced by GnRH, with Antide inhibition of pSmad3 in ESC. Furthermore, co-treatment of the cells with GnRH + TGF-beta, or pretreatment with TGF-beta type II receptor antisense to block TGF-beta autocrine/paracrine action, in part inhibited TGF-beta activated Smad3. In conclusion, the results indicate that GnRH acts directly on the endometrial cells altering the expression and activation of Smads, a mechanism that could lead to interruption of TGF-beta receptor signaling mediated through this pathway in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jingxia Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Present address: The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Main, USA
| | - Nasser Chegini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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23
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Malicet C, Lesavre N, Vasseur S, Iovanna JL. p8 inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells and its expression is induced through pathways involved in growth inhibition and repressed by factors promoting cell growth. Mol Cancer 2003; 2:37. [PMID: 14613582 PMCID: PMC280693 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-2-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Accepted: 11/05/2003] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p8 is a stress-induced protein with multiple functions and biochemically related to the architectural factor HMG-I/Y. We analyzed the expression and function of p8 in pancreatic cancer-derived cells. Methods Expression of p8 was silenced in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 and BxPc-3 by infection with a retrovirus expressing p8 RNA in the antisense orientation. Cell growth was measured in control and p8-silenced cells. Influence on p8 expression of the induction of intracellular pathways promoting cellular growth or growth arrest was monitored. Results p8-silenced cells grew more rapidly than control cells transfected with the empty retrovirus. Activation of the Ras→Raf→MEK→ERK and JNK intracellular pathways down-regulated p8 expression. In addition, the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 up-regulates expression of p8. Conversely, p38 or TGFβ-1 induced p8 expression whereas the specific p38 inhibitor SB203580 down-regulated p8 expression. Finally, TGFβ-1 induction was in part mediated through p38. Conclusions p8 inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. p8 expression is induced through pathways involved in growth inhibition and repressed by factors that promote cell growth. These results suggest that p8 belongs to a pathway regulating the growth of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Malicet
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI 0116, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 915, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Lesavre
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI 0116, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 915, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI 0116, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 915, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex, France
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI 0116, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 915, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex, France
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Iovanna JL. Expression of the stress-associated protein p8 is a requisite for tumor development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER 2003; 31:89-98. [PMID: 12622419 DOI: 10.1385/ijgc:31:1-3:89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We identified a new gene, called p8, because its expression was strongly induced during the acute phase of pancreatitis. Further experiments have shown that p8 mRNA is activated in response to several stresses and that its activation is not restricted to pancreatic cells. p8 is a nuclear protein and biochemical and biophysical studies have shown that p8 was very similar in many structural aspects to the HMG proteins, although sharing only low amino acid sequence homology. Also, p8 was found overexpressed in many human cancers. Therefore, we wondered whether the p8-mediated response to cellular stress was necessary for tumor establishment. Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections of transformed p8-expressing fibroblasts led to tumor formation in nude mice, but no tumor was observed with transformed p8-deficient cells. Restoring p8 expression in transformed p8-deficient fibroblasts led to tumor formation, demonstrating that p8 expression is crucial for tumor development and suggesting that the stress-response mechanisms governed by p8 are required for tumor establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI0116, 163 avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, BP 172, 13009 Marseille, France.
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25
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Vasseur S, Hoffmeister A, Garcia S, Bagnis C, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. p8 is critical for tumour development induced by rasV12 mutated protein and E1A oncogene. EMBO Rep 2002; 3:165-70. [PMID: 11818333 PMCID: PMC1083964 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The p8 protein is involved in the cellular stress response of many tissues. Because p8 is overexpressed in many cancers, we investigated whether its expression was required for tumour development. Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from p8+/+ and p8-/- animals were transformed with the pBabe-rasV12/E1A retroviral vector, which expresses both the rasV12 mutated protein and the E1A oncogene. As expected, transformed p8+/+ MEFs could form colonies in soft agar. However, transformed p8-/- MEFs could not. In addition, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections of transformed p8+/+ MEFs always led to tumour formation in nude mice, but, again, no tumour was observed with transformed p8-/- MEFs. However, restoring p8 expression in transformed p8-/- MEFs before injection led to tumour formation. In the tumours, p8 expression was induced during tumour development. It was concluded that p8 expression in transformed MEFs is necessary for tumour formation, suggesting that the stress-response mechanisms governed by p8 are required for tumour establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI 0116, 163 avenue de Luminy, Campus de Luminy, BP 172, F-13009 Marseille, France
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