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Cong Y, Wang Y, Zhang M, Jin F, Mu J, Li Z, Wang J. Lethal, behavioral, growth and developmental toxicities of alkyl-PAHs and non-alkyl PAHs to early-life stage of brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 220:112302. [PMID: 34015631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl-PAHs are the predominant form of PAHs in crude oils which are supposed to demonstrate different toxicities compared to non-alkyl PAHs. Little information is available about the toxicity of alkyl-PAHs on marine Artemia. This study addressed and compared the lethal, behavioral, growth and developmental toxicities of three alkyl-PAHs, namely 3-methyl phenanthrene (3-mPhe), retene (Ret) and 2-methyl anthracene (2-mAnt), to their non-alkyl forms, phenanthrene (Phe) and anthracene (Ant) using Artemia parthenogenetica (nauplii, <24 h) as test organism following a 48 h and a 7 d of exposure, respectively. Benzo-a-pyrene (Bap) was selected as a reference toxicant for the comparison with the above alkyl-PAHs and non-alkyl PAHs. Results showed that for all tested endpoints, A. parthenogenetica nauplii had the highest sensitivity to Bap while Ant had no significant effect on nauplii survival or development within given concentrations. Considering the aqueous freely dissolved PAH concentrations, the 48 h-LC50 (survival), 48 h-EC50 (immobility) and 7 d-LC10 (survival) of Bap were calculated as 0.321, 0.285 and 0.027 μg/L, respectively, which were twofold to fivefold lower than those of Phe, 3-mPhe, Ret, Ant and 2-mAnt. A higher acute toxicity of alkyl-PAHs (3-mPhe and 2-mAnt) than their non-alkyl forms (Phe and Ant) was observed. Not limited to Phe, the common non-polar narcotic mode of action was also observed for Bap, 3-mPhe, Ret and 2-mAnt, which was evident by the inhibited mobility of nauplii. The decreased body lengths were found for all PAH treatments compared to the solvent control, whereas instar retardations were only found in nauplii exposed to Bap, Phe and Ret. Our findings emphasized the sensitivity differences of A. parthenogenetica nauplii to selected alkyl PAHs and non-alkyl PAHs and confirmed the application of lethal, behavioral and growth indicators in the toxicity evaluation of selected PAHs other than Ant. However, the distinct toxicities of these PAHs suggested other toxic modes of action may play more important roles apart from narcotic mode of action and need to be elucidated in future studies. In addition, a strong correlation between the body length and the instar of A. parthenogenetica nauplii was observed for each PAH exposure, suggesting that body length can be representative for both growth and developmental indicators during biological monitoring of PAH pollution in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian 116023, China.
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Albaayit SFA, Maharjan R, Abdullah R, Noor MHM. Anti- Enterococcus Faecalis, Cytotoxicity, Phytotoxicity, and Anticancer Studies on Clausena excavata Burum. f. (Rutaceae) Leaves. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:3123476. [PMID: 33748267 PMCID: PMC7954634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clausena excavata Burum. f. has long been applied in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various disorders like rhinitis, headache, cough, wound healing, fever, and detoxification. This study is aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49532 using AlamarBlue assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as the cytotoxicity, anticancer, and phytotoxicity of C. excavata. METHOD Bacterial cell viability was performed by using microplate AlamarBlue assay. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine morphological changes in the surface of bacterial cells. Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity were determined by brine shrimp lethality and Lemna minor bioassay. Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell line was used for the evaluation of the anticancer effects. RESULT Among the fractions tested, ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was found to be active with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 750 μg/mL against E. faecalis, but other fractions were found to be insensitive to bacterial growth. Microscopically, the EA fraction-treated bacteria showed highly damaged cells with their cytoplasmic content scattered all over. The LC50 value of the EA fraction against brine shrimp was more than 1000 μg/mL showing the nontoxic nature of this fraction. Chloroform (CH), EA, and methanol (MOH) fractions of C. excavata were highly herbicidal at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL. EA inhibited Caco-2 cell line with an IC50 of 20 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to reveal anti-E. faecalis property of EA fraction of C. excavata leaves, natural herbicidal, and anticancer agents thus highlight the potential compound present in its leaf which needs to be isolated and tested against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Martelli A, Barbieri ES, Dima JB, Barón PJ. Rearing enhancement of Ovalipes trimaculatus (Crustacea: Portunidae) zoea I by feeding on Artemia persimilis nauplii enriched with alternative microalgal diets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10929. [PMID: 32616849 PMCID: PMC7331571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The southern surf crab Ovalipes trimaculatus (de Haan, 1833) presents a high potential for aquaculture. In this study, we analyze the benefits of different dietary treatments on its molt success and fitness of larval stages. Artemia persimilis nauplii were enriched with monospecific (Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis suecica, Dunaliella salina, Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros gracilis) and multispecific (Mix) microalgal diets twice a day over a 48-h period. Mean total length (TL), growth instar number (I) and gut fullness rate (GFR) of nauplii showed significant differences between dietary treatments at several sampling times, optimal results being observed in those providing Mix. Artemia nauplii grown under most experimental dietary treatments reached the capture size limit for Ovalipes trimaculatus zoea I (700 µm) within 24 h. After that time interval, Mix-enriched nauplii were amongst those with higher protein contents. Ovalipes trimaculatus zoea I fed on Artemia nauplii enriched during 24 h under different dietary treatments showed significant differences in survival, inter-molt duration, molting success to zoea II and motility. Optimal results were observed in zoea I fed on Mix-enriched Artemia nauplii. This work not only represents a first step towards the dietary optimization for O. trimaculatus zoeae rearing but also provides the first results on the use of enriched A. persimilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Martelli
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía Biológica (LOBio), Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos - CONICET, Complejo CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Blvd. Brown 2915, (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Elena S Barbieri
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía Biológica (LOBio), Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos - CONICET, Complejo CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Blvd. Brown 2915, (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Jimena B Dima
- Laboratorio de Cefalópodos, Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos - CONICET, Complejo CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Blvd. Brown 2915, (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Pedro J Barón
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía Biológica (LOBio), Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos - CONICET, Complejo CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Blvd. Brown 2915, (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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Pais-Costa AJ, Varó I, Martinez-Haro M, Vinagre PA, Green AJ, Hortas F, Marques JC, Sánchez MI. Life history and physiological responses of native and invasive brine shrimps exposed to zinc. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 210:148-157. [PMID: 30852410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although a substantial amount of research exists on pollution and biological invasions, there is a paucity of understanding of how both factors interact. Most studies show that pollution favours the establishment of invasive species, but pollution may also promote local adaptation of native species and prevent the establishment of new incomers. However, evidence for this is extremely limited because most studies focus on successful invasions and very few on cases where an invasion has been resisted. Here we provide evidence of local adaptation of native species to pollution combining life history and physiological data. We focused on the invasion of the North American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, which is causing a dramatic biodiversity loss in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide, and one of the last native Artemia populations in SW Europe (A. parthenogenetica from the historically polluted Odiel estuary, SW Spain). Life table response experiments were carried out in the laboratory to compare the demographic responses of A. parthenogenetica and a nearby A. franciscana population to long-term Zn exposure (0.2 mg L-1). We also evaluated oxidative stress by measuring antioxidant defences (catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). A high concentration of Zn induced strong mortality in A. franciscana, which also showed high levels of lipid peroxidation, suggesting relatively poor physiological resistance to pollution compared with A. parthenogenetica. The age at maturity was shorter in A. parthenogenetica, which may be an adaptation to the naturally high mortality rate observed in the Odiel population. Exposure to Zn accelerated age at first reproduction in A. franciscana but not in A. parthenogenetica. In contrast, Zn had a stimulatory effect on offspring production in A. parthenogenetica,which also showed higher reproductive parameters (number of broods, total offspring and offspring per brood) than A. franciscana. Overall, the results of this study strongly suggest that native Artemia from Odiel estuary is locally adapted (at both, reproductive and physiological levels) to Zn contamination and that A. franciscana is highly sensitive. This is a good example of how pollution may play a role in the persistence of the last native Artemia populations in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antónia Juliana Pais-Costa
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| | - Mónica Martinez-Haro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF), Centro de Investigación Agroambiental El Chaparrillo, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Pedro Almeida Vinagre
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andy J Green
- Wetland Ecology Department, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Hortas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional/Global del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - João Carlos Marques
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta I Sánchez
- Wetland Ecology Department, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional/Global del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
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Nogueira Felix AK, Martins JJL, Lima Almeida JG, Giro MEA, Cavalcante KF, Maciel Melo VM, Loiola Pessoa OD, Ponte Rocha MV, Rocha Barros Gonçalves L, Saraiva de Santiago Aguiar R. Purification and characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis in cashew apple juice and its application in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:256-263. [PMID: 30544045 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of some microorganisms to use clarified cashew apple juice as carbon and energy source for biosurfactant production was assessed under strict controlled conditions. Twelve strains of Bacillus were isolated and evaluated regarding their biosurfactant production capabilities. The biosurfactant obtained with these selected strains showed the capacity of decreasing the surface tension of water from 72.0 to 31.8 mN.m-1 and the interfacial tension of n-hexadecane to 27.2 mN.m-1, with a critical micelle concentration of 12.5 mg.L-1. Not only did the biosurfactant present excellent stability to pH, temperature and salinity, it also showed emulsifying properties in different hydrocarbons. The behavior of the phase diagrams showed the potential of the produced biosurfactant to obtain relatively-stable emulsions for up to 96 h, which allows for its application in several areas. The semi-purified biosurfactant did not show toxicity against Lactuca sativa (lettuce) or Artemia salina (microcrustacean), presenting an LC50 of 612.27 μ mL-1. The surfactant was characterized as being a cyclic lipopeptide with molecular structure similar to that of surfactin. Furthermore, through the employment of the surfactant produced, the remediation effect in oil-contaminated soil could be significantly improved.
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Satgurunathan T, Bhavan PS, Joy RDS. Green Synthesis of Chromium Nanoparticles and Their Effects on the Growth of the Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-larvae. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:543-552. [PMID: 29948910 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with synthesis of chromium nanoparticles (CrNPs) from potassium dichromate using the aqueous extract of Allium sativum. They were characterized through UV-VIS light, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and FT-IR, which revealed uniform, mono-dispersive, and highly stable CrNPs of 31-64-nm size. The Artemia nauplii was enriched with 4.94 mg/L of CrNPs (24-h LC50) at different durations (½, 1, 2, and 4 h) and then fed to Macrobrachium rosenbegii post-larvae (PL) for 30 days as live feed. The results showed that ½- and 1-h enriched Artemia nauplii led to significant improvements in nutritional indices including growth and survival, and concentrations of tissue biochemical constituents, such as total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid of M. rosenbergii PL (P < 0.05), which suggests that this concentration of CrNPs was non-toxic to M. rosenbergii PL. This was confirmed by the insignificant alterations recorded in activities of SOD and CAT (P > 0.05) in M. rosenbergii PL fed with ½- and 1-h enriched Artemia nauplii as live feed. After that, SOD and CAT activities started to increase. Therefore, this optimized concentration of CrNPs (4.94 mg/L) is recommended for enrichment of Artemia nauplii for ½-1-h duration as a sustainable material in the nursery of M. rosenbergii.
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Kokalj AJ, Kunej U, Skalar T. Screening study of four environmentally relevant microplastic pollutants: Uptake and effects on Daphnia magna and Artemia franciscana. Chemosphere 2018; 208:522-529. [PMID: 29890490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated four different environmentally relevant microplastic (MP) pollutants which were derived from two facial cleansers, a plastic bag and polyethylene textile fleece. The mean size range of the particles (according to number distribution) was 20-250 μm when measured as a powder and 0.02-200 μm in suspension. In all MP exposures, plastic particles were found inside the guts of D. magna and A. franciscana, but only in the case of daphnids a clear exponential correlation between MP uptake in the gut and the size of the MP was identified. Exposure tests in which the majority of the MP particles were below 100 μm in size also had higher numbers of daphnids displaying evidence of MP ingestion. As the average MP particle size increased, the percentage of daphnids which had MP in their gut decreased. Using a number distribution value to measure particle size when in a suspension is more experimentally relevant as it provides a more realistic particle size than when samples are measured as a powder. Generally, artemias had fewer MP particles in the gut, than the daphnids, which could be explained by their different food size preferences. No acute effects on D. magna were found, but the growth of A. franciscana was affected. We conclude that zooplankton crustacean can ingest various MPs but none of the exposures tested were highly acutely hazardous to the test species. In addition, no delayed lethal effects in a 24 h post-exposure period were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urban Kunej
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Skalar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Chair of Materials and Polymer Science, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tokodi N, Drobac D, Lazić G, Petrović T, Marinović Z, Lujić J, Malešević TP, Meriluoto J, Svirčev Z. Screening of cyanobacterial cultures originating from different environments for cyanotoxicity and cyanotoxins. Toxicon 2018; 154:1-6. [PMID: 30243795 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eighty cultures from the Novi Sad Cyanobacterial Culture Collection (NSCCC) were screened for toxicity with Artemia salina bioassay and for common cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins/nodularin (MCs/NOD) and saxitoxin (STX), with ELISA assays. The results show that 22.5% (11) of the investigated cyanobacterial cultures in exponential phase exhibited toxicity in the A. salina bioassay and 38.7% (31) produced MCs/NOD and/or STX. However, the findings in the two methods applied were contradictory. Therefore, A. salina bioassay was repeated on 28 cultures in stationary growth phase, which were positive in ELISA assays but not in the initial A. salina bioassay. Seven more cultures exhibited cell-bound toxicity, and only one extracellular toxicity. The observed difference in the toxicity indicates that cyanobacterial growth phase could affect the screening results. The findings also varied depending on the environment from which the cultures originated. In the initial screening via bioassay, 11.8% (6 cultures out of 51) from terrestrial and 17.2% (5 out of 29) from aquatic environment showed cell-bound toxicity. Furthermore, based on the ELISA assay, 31.4% (16) of the cultures from terrestrial ecosystems were positive for the presence of the investigated cyanotoxins, and 51.7% (15) from aquatic ecosystems. Based on all results, more frequent toxin production was observed in cultures originating from aquatic environments. Furthermore, the group of terrestrial cultures that originated from biological loess crusts were basically non-toxic. The discrepancies in the results by two different methods indicates that the use of several complementary methods would help to improve the assessment of cyanobacterial toxicity and cyanotoxin analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Tokodi
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Damjana Drobac
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamaš Petrović
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marinović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Szent István University, Department of Aquaculture, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Szent István University, Department of Aquaculture, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Tamara Palanački Malešević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Åbo Akademi University, Department for biochemistry, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Åbo Akademi University, Department for biochemistry, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Ravichandran A, Subramanian P, Manoharan V, Muthu T, Periyannan R, Thangapandi M, Ponnuchamy K, Pandi B, Marimuthu PN. Phyto-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fucoidan isolated from Spatoglossum asperum and assessment of antibacterial activities. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 185:117-125. [PMID: 29886330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of fucoidan mediated silver nanoparticles (Fu-AgNPs) synthesized from Spatoglossum asperum. The synthesized Fu-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible, Field emission - scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Tranmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential analysis. The UV-visible spectrum of Fu-AgNPs exhibited a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 440 nm. The electron microscopic results revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical to oval in shape and are found to be 20 to 46 nm. Altogether the X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the Fu-AgNPs were crystalline in nature. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the existence of CC stretching vibration of aromatic compounds and sulfated groups of fucoidan plays a major role in the synthesis of Fu-AgNPs. The biosynthesized Fu-AgNPs shows potential antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae in agar bioassay, disk diffusion, reactive oxygen species, protein leakage and confocal laser scanning microscopy assays. Furthermore, Artemia toxicity assay results showed less mortality (3.3 ± 0.8%) even at higher concentration of Fu-AgNPs. Therefore, Fu-AgNPs can be effectively used as an antibacterial agent in the pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Ravichandran
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Palanisamy Subramanian
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Vinosha Manoharan
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Thenmozhi Muthu
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Rajasekar Periyannan
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Marudhupandi Thangapandi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Boomi Pandi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Prabhu Narayanasamy Marimuthu
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India.
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Quiroz-Guzmán E, Vázquez-Juárez R, Luna-González A, Balcázar JL, Barajas-Sandoval DR, Martínez-Díaz SF. Administration of Probiotics Improves the Brine Shrimp Production and Prevents Detrimental Effects of Pathogenic Vibrio Species. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2018; 20:512-519. [PMID: 29644500 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated a consortium of probiotic bacteria as an environmentally-friendly strategy for controlling pathogenic Vibrio species during the brine shrimp incubation period. Probiotic strains were initially selected on basis of (i) their ability to colonize the cyst surfaces, (ii) their absence of cross-inhibitory effects, and (iii) no detrimental effect on cyst hatching. The cysts and nauplius surfaces were immediately colonized after the application of selected probiotic strains, without detrimental effects on survival. Ten probiotic strains were mixed at similar proportions (probiotic consortium) and evaluated at different concentrations into brine shrimp cultures during incubation and early stages of development. Subsequently, these cultures were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. The probiotic consortium was effective to reduce the abundance of pathogenic Vibrio species and to prevent the mortality during Vibrio challenges; however, its effect was concentration-dependent and was successful at a starting concentration of 1.8 × 106 CFU/ml. Our results suggest that this probiotic consortium offers an alternative to antimicrobial agents routinely used to reduce the incidence and prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in brine shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Quiroz-Guzmán
- Cátedras-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Ricardo Vázquez-Juárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C.(CIBNOR), 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Antonio Luna-González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Diana R Barajas-Sandoval
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CICIMAR, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Sergio F Martínez-Díaz
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CICIMAR, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico.
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11
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Rowarth NM, MacRae TH. Post-diapause synthesis of ArHsp40-2, a type 2 J-domain protein from Artemia franciscana, is developmentally regulated and induced by stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201477. [PMID: 30048537 PMCID: PMC6062144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-diapause cysts of Artemia franciscana undergo a well-defined developmental process whereby internal differentiation leads to rupture of the cyst shell, release of membrane-enclosed nauplii and hatching to yield swimming larvae. The post-diapause development of A. franciscana has been examined at biochemical and molecular levels, yet little is known about molecular chaperone function during this process. In addressing this we recently described ArHsp40, a type 1 J-domain protein in post-diapause A. franciscana cysts and larvae. The current report describes ArHsp40-2, a second J-domain protein from A. franciscana. ArHsp40-2 is a type 2 J-domain protein, lacking a zinc binding domain but containing other domains characteristic of these proteins. Notably, ArHsp40-2 possesses a double barrel β-domain structure in its substrate binding region, as does ArHsp40. qPCR revealed a relatively low amount of ArHsp40-2 mRNA in 0 h cysts which increased significantly until the E1 stage, most likely as a result of enhanced transcription, after which it declined. An antibody specific to ArHsp40-2 was produced and used to show that like its mRNA, ArHsp40-2 accumulated until the E1 stage and then decreased to amounts lower than those in 0 h cysts. The synthesis of ArHsp40-2 was induced by heat shock indicating that ArHsp40-2 is involved in stress resistance in cysts and nauplii. Accumulation in cysts during early post-diapause development followed by its sharp decline suggests a role in protein disaggregation/refolding, a function of Hsp40s from other organisms, where ArHsp40-2 assists in the rescue of proteins sequestered during diapause by p26, an abundant small heat shock protein (sHsp) in A. franciscana cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas H. MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Gambardella C, Nichino D, Iacometti C, Ferrando S, Falugi C, Faimali M. Long term exposure to low dose neurotoxic pesticides affects hatching, viability and cholinesterase activity of Artemia sp. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 196:79-89. [PMID: 29358113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brine shrimp Artemia was used as a model organism to test toxicity of several neuroactive pesticides (chlorpyrifos (CLP), chlorpyrifos oxon (CLP ox), diazinon (DZN), carbaryl (CBR)) following exposure to far below than lethal doses. Cysts were exposed to the pesticides in order to test a scenario similar to actual coastal environment contamination, by analyzing different responses. Cysts were rehydrated in water containing the pesticides at concentrations ranging from 10-11 to 10-5 M, for 72, 96 and 192 h, respectively. For these exposure times, morpho-functional and biochemical parameters, such as hatching speed and viability were investigated in the larvae together with cholinesterase (ChE) activity quantification and histochemical localization. Finally, ChE inhibition was also compared with conventional selective ChE inhibitors. Results showed that CLP ox and CBR caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in hatching speed, followed by high percentages of larval death, while CLP and DZN were responsible for irregular hatching patterns. In addition, the pesticides mostly caused larval death some days post-hatching, whereas this effect was negligible for the specific ChE inhibitors, suggesting that part of pesticide toxicity may be due to molecules other than the primary target. ChE activity was observed in the protocerebrum lobes, linked to the development of pair eyes. Such activity was inhibited in larvae exposed to all pesticides. When compared to conventional selective inhibitors of ChE activities, this inhibition demonstrated that the selected pesticides mainly affect acetylcholinesterase and, to a lesser extent, pseudocholinesterases. In conclusion, the brine shrimp is a good model to test the environmental toxicity of long term exposure to cholinergic pesticides, since changes in hatching speed, viability and ChE activity were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Nichino
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
| | | | - Sara Ferrando
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
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13
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Leung PTY, Yan M, Yiu SKF, Lam VTT, Ip JCH, Au MWY, Chen CY, Wai TC, Lam PKS. Molecular phylogeny and toxicity of harmful benthic dinoflagellates Coolia (Ostreopsidaceae, Dinophyceae) in a sub-tropical marine ecosystem: The first record from Hong Kong. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:878-889. [PMID: 28139234 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coolia are marine benthic dinoflagellates which are globally distributed and potentially toxic. This study provides the first investigation of species diversity and toxicity assessment of Coolia in Hong Kong waters. Fifty-one strains of four Coolia species, including C. malayensis, C. canariensis, C. tropicalis, and C. palmyrensis, were isolated from twelve sub-tidal habitats, and identified phylogenetically using 28S rDNA sequences. Exposure experiments (48-hour) demonstrated that the algal lysates extracted from the four Coolia species exhibited different toxic effects on the lethality and abnormality of two invertebrate larvae, i.e., brine shrimp Artemia franciscana and sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina. Heliocidaris crassispina was more sensitive to the toxic effects of Coolia species than A. franciscana. Toxicity tests from both larvae revealed that C. malayensis was generally more toxic, and caused higher mortality rates when compared with the other three species. The emerging threat of harmful benthic dinoflagellates to marine environments and sensitive biota is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla T Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sam K F Yiu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Veronica T T Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack C H Ip
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maggie W Y Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chia-Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak-Cheung Wai
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Zhu S, Xue MY, Luo F, Chen WC, Zhu B, Wang GX. Developmental toxicity of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles on cysts and three larval stages of Artemia salina. Environ Pollut 2017; 230:683-691. [PMID: 28715773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using Artemia salina cysts (capsulated and decapsulated) and larvae (instar I, II and III) as experimental models, the potential effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) on marine ecosystems were investigated. Hatchability, mortality and a number of ethological, morphological and biochemical parameters were selected as end-points to define the toxic responses. Data showed that the hatching rates of capsulated and decapsulated cysts were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) following exposure to 600 mg/L for 24 and 36 h. The LC50 values for instar II and III were 482 and 561 mg/L (could not be measured for instar I), and the EC50 values for swimming inhibition of instar I, II and III were 474, 365 and 421 mg/L, respectively. Effects on hatchability, mortality and swimming were accounted for Fe3O4-NPs rather than iron ion released from the NPs. Instar II larvae showed the greatest sensitivity to Fe3O4-NPs, and followed by instar III, instar I, decapsulated cysts and capsulated cysts. Body lengths of instar I, II and III larvae were decreased in dose-dependent manners. Fe3O4-NPs attached onto the gills and body surface, resulting in irreversible damages. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were substantially increased following exposure, indicating that toxic effects were related to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial malformation, cristae rupturing and membranous structure disruption were clearly observed after Fe3O4-NPs exposure. Fe3O4-NPs were ingested and well distributed in the gut, yolk and primary body cavity. Uptake kinetics data showed that the maximum Fe3O4-NPs content (16.4 mg/g) was reached at 30 h. The combined results so far indicate that Fe3O4-NPs have the potential to affect aquatic organisms when released into the marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ming-Yang Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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15
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Comeche A, Martín-Villamil M, Picó Y, Varó I. Effect of methylparaben in Artemia franciscana. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 199:98-105. [PMID: 28428009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the toxicity of methylparaben (MeP) an emerging contaminant, was analysed in the sexual species Artemia franciscana, due to its presence in coastal areas and marine saltworks in the Mediterranean region. The acute toxicity (24h-LC50) of MeP in nauplii was tested and its chronic effect (9days) evaluated by measuring survival and growth under two sublethal concentrations (0.0085 and 0.017mg/L). Also, the effect on several key enzymes involved in: antioxidant defences (catalase (CAT) and gluthathion-S-transferase (GST)), neural activity (cholinesterase (ChE)) and xenobiotic biotransformation (carboxylesterase (CbE), was assessed after 48h under sublethal exposure. The results of acute exposure indicate that MeP is harmful to A. franciscana (24h-LC50=36.7mg/L). MeP causes a decrease in CAT activity after 48h exposure to both concentration tested, that points out at the oxidative stress effect of MeP in A. franciscana. However, no significant effect on ChE, CbE and GST activities was found. In addition, MeP does not affect survival and growth in chronic exposure at the sublethal concentrations tested. The results of this study indicate that MeP is not a threat for A. franciscana under the experimental conditions used. Additional studies should be done considering long-term exposure and reproduction studies to analyse the potential risk of MeP as emerging contaminant in marine and hypersaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Comeche
- Departamento de Biología, Cultivo y Patología de Especies Marinas, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - María Martín-Villamil
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnológicas, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Grupo de Investigación en Seguridad Alimentaria y Medioambiental (SAMA-UV), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avd. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Varó
- Departamento de Biología, Cultivo y Patología de Especies Marinas, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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16
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Lacave JM, Fanjul Á, Bilbao E, Gutierrez N, Barrio I, Arostegui I, Cajaraville MP, Orbea A. Acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and effects of dietary transfer of silver from brine shrimp exposed to PVP/PEI-coated silver nanoparticles to zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 199:69-80. [PMID: 28323199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use and release to the aquatic environment of silver nanoparticles (NPs) could lead to their incorporation into the food web. Brine shrimp larvae of 24h showed low sensitivity to the exposure to PVP/PEI-coated Ag NPs (5nm), with EC50 values at 24h of 19.63mgAgL-1, but they significantly accumulated silver after 24h of exposure to 100μgL-1 of Ag NPs. Thus, to assess bioaccumulation and effects of silver transferred by the diet in zebrafish, brine shrimp larvae were exposed to 100ngL-1 of Ag NPs as an environmentally relevant concentration or to 100μgL-1 as a potentially effective concentration and used to feed zebrafish for 21days. Autometallography revealed a dose- and time-dependent metal accumulation in the intestine and in the liver of zebrafish. Three-day feeding with brine shrimps exposed to 100ngL-1 of Ag NPs was enough to impair fish health as reflected by the significant reduction of lysosomal membrane stability and the presence of vacuolization and necrosis in the liver. However, dietary exposure to 100μgL-1 of Ag NPs for 3days did not significantly alter gene transcription levels, neither in the liver nor in the intestine. After 21days, biological processes such as lipid transport and localization, cellular response to chemical stimulus and response to xenobiotic stimulus were significantly altered in the liver. Overall, these results indicate an effective dietary transfer of silver and point out to liver as the main target organ for Ag NP toxicity in zebrafish after dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Lacave
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fanjul
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Gutierrez
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Science and Technology Faculty, and Basque Center for Applied Mathematics - BCAM, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Irantzu Barrio
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Science and Technology Faculty, and Basque Center for Applied Mathematics - BCAM, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Arostegui
- Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Science and Technology Faculty, and Basque Center for Applied Mathematics - BCAM, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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17
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de Brito Rodrigues L, de Oliveira R, Abe FR, Brito LB, Moura DS, Valadares MC, Grisolia CK, de Oliveira DP, de Oliveira GAR. Ecotoxicological assessment of glyphosate-based herbicides: Effects on different organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:1755-1763. [PMID: 27517480 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most commonly used worldwide because they are effective and relatively nontoxic to nontarget species. Unlimited and uncontrolled use of such pesticides can have serious consequences for human health and ecological balance. The present study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 2 glyphosate-based formulations, Roundup Original (Roundup) and Glyphosate AKB 480 (AKB), on different organisms: cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds, and microcrustacean Artemia salina and zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. For the germination endpoint, only L. esculentum presented significant sensitivity to AKB and L. sativa to Roundup, whereas both formulations significantly inhibited the root growth of all species tested. Both AKB and Roundup induced significant toxicity to A. salina; both are classified as category 3, which indicates a hazard for the aquatic environment, according to criteria of the Globally Harmonized Classification System. However, Roundup was more toxic than AKB, with 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 14.19 mg/L and 37.53 mg/L, respectively. For the embryo-larval toxicity test, Roundup proved more toxic than AKB for the mortality endpoint (96-h LC50 values of 10.17 mg/L and 27.13 mg/L, respectively), whereas for the hatching parameter, AKB was more toxic than Roundup. No significant genotoxicity to zebrafish larvae was found. We concluded that AKB and Roundup glyphosate-based formulations are phytotoxic and induce toxic effects in nontarget organisms such as A. salina and zebrafish early life stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1755-1763. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Flávia Renata Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Barroso Brito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego Sousa Moura
- Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Islam MT, Streck L, de Alencar MVOB, Cardoso Silva SW, da Conceição Machado K, da Conceição Machado K, Gomes Júnior AL, Paz MFCJ, da Mata AMOF, de Castro E Sousa JM, da Costa Junior JS, Lins Rolim HM, da Silva-Junior AA, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of phytol and its nanoemulsion. Chemosphere 2017; 177:93-101. [PMID: 28284120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytol (PYT) is a diterpenoid having important biological activity. However, it is a water non-soluble compound. This study aims to prepare PYT nanoemulsion (PNE) and evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of PYT and PNE. For this, the PNE was prepared by the phase inversion method. The cytotoxicity test was performed in Artemia salina, while toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Allium cepa at concentrations of 2, 4, 8 and 16 mM. Potassium dichromate and copper sulfate were used as positive controls for the tests of A. salina and A. cepa, respectively. In addition, an adaptation response was detected in A. cepa by using the comet assay. The results suggest that both PYT and PNE exhibited toxic and cytotoxic effects at 4-16 mM in either test system, while genotoxicity at 2-16 mM in A. cepa. PNE exhibited more toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at 8 and 16 mM than the PYT. However, both PYT and PNE at 2 and 4 mM decreased the index and frequency of damage in A. cepa after 48 and 72 h, suggesting a possible adaptation response or DNA damage preventing capacity. Nanoemulsified PYT (PNE) may readily cross the biological membranes with an increase in bioavailability and produce more toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the used test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Mehedibag, Chittagong, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | - Leticia Streck
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Samara Wanessa Cardoso Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Conceição Machado
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira da Mata
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hercília Maria Lins Rolim
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Baruah K, Norouzitallab P, Phong HPPD, Smagghe G, Bossier P. Enhanced resistance against Vibrio harveyi infection by carvacrol and its association with the induction of heat shock protein 72 in gnotobiotic Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:377-387. [PMID: 28303510 PMCID: PMC5425368 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of HSP72 is a natural response of stressed organisms that protects against many insults including bacterial diseases in farm (aquatic) animals. It would therefore be of great health benefit to search for natural compounds that are clinically safe yet able to induce HSP72 in animals. The phenolic compound carvacrol, an approved food component, had been shown in in vitro study to act as a co-inducer of HSP72, enhancing HSP72 production only in combination with a bona fide stress compared to the compound alone. However, in vitro model systems do not completely represent an in vivo physiology. Here, using the well-established gnotobiotic Artemia model system, we determined whether carvacrol could induce HSP72 in vivo, whether this putative effect could generate resistance in Artemia against biotic/abiotic stress and also unraveled the mechanism behind the possible HSP72-inducing effect of carvacrol. The gnotobiotic system is crucial for such studies because it avoids the interference of any extraneous factors on host-compound interaction. Here, carvacrol was shown to be a potent HSP72 inducer. Induction of HSP72 was associated with the generation of resistance in Artemia larvae against subsequent lethal heat stress or pathogenic Vibrio harveyi. Our results also provided new insight on the mode of HSP72 inducing action of carvacrol, in which the initial generation of reactive molecule H2O2 by the compound plays a key role. Overall results add new information about the bioactivity of carvacrol and advance our knowledge of this compound as potential prophylactic agent for controlling Vibrio infection in aquaculture animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Parisa Norouzitallab
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ho Phuong Pham Duy Phong
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Kim BY, Shin GH, Lee IS, Kim SW, Kim HS, Kim JK, Lee SG. Localization patterns of dopamine active transporter synthesizing cells during development of brine shrimp. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2017; 94:e21378. [PMID: 28206711 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There have been many studies on dopamine active transporter (DAT) in humans and laboratory animals; however, there is a lack of information on DAT in brine shrimp. In this study, we demonstrated the neuronal and nonneuronal characteristics of DAT-synthesizing (DAT+ cells) during development of brine shrimp. In neuronal cells, the DAT+ neurons in the central body and lobes of a protocerebrum (PC) controlled the deutocerebrum. The sensory cells of nauplius eyes projected their decussated axons to the PC, and the DAT+ cells at the posterior region were associated with migration and control of the 10 posterior neurons during the early nauplius stage. In nonneuronal cells, the five types of glands, that is, the salt, antennal, mandible, and accessory glands and posterior gland1 and gland2 synthesized DAT protein. In addition, the gut and rectum dilator muscles and renal cells expressed DAT protein. Thus, DAT protein acts in the development of several types of cells during development of brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yong Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hee Shin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Soo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Suhng Wook Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Seung Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Jungwon University, Geo-San, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Jiang G, Rowarth NM, Panchakshari S, MacRae TH. ArHsp40, a type 1 J-domain protein, is developmentally regulated and stress inducible in post-diapause Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:1077-1088. [PMID: 27581971 PMCID: PMC5083676 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon diapause termination and exposure to favorable environmental conditions, cysts of the crustacean Artemia franciscana reinitiate development, a process dependent on the resumption of metabolic activity and the maintenance of protein homeostasis. The objective of the work described herein was to characterize molecular chaperones during post-diapause growth of A. franciscana. An Hsp40 complementary DNA (cDNA) termed ArHsp40 was cloned and shown to encode a protein with an amino-terminal J-domain containing a conserved histidine, proline, and aspartic acid (HPD) motif. Following the J-domain was a Gly/Phe (G/F) rich domain, a zinc-binding domain which contained a modified CXXCXGXG motif, and the carboxyl-terminal substrate binding region, all characteristics of type I Hsp40. Multiple alignment and protein modeling showed that ArHsp40 is comparable to Hsp40s from other eukaryotes and likely to be functionally similar. qRT-PCR revealed that during post-diapause development, ArHsp40 messenger RNA (mRNA) varied slightly until the E2/E3 stage and decreased significantly upon hatching. The immunoprobing of Western blots demonstrated that ArHsp40 was also relatively constant until E2/E3 and then declined dramatically. The drop in ArHsp40 when metabolism and protein synthesis were increasing was unexpected and demonstrated developmental regulation. The reduction in ArHsp40 at such an active life history stage indicates, as one possibility, that A. franciscana possesses additional Hsp40s, one or more of which replaces ArHsp40 as development progresses. Increased synthesis upon heat shock established that in addition to being developmentally regulated, ArHsp40 is stress inducible and, because it is found in mature cysts, ArHsp40 has the potential to contribute to stress tolerance during diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Jiang
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan, RD, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Nathan M Rowarth
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Thomas H MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Gao Y, Feng J, Zhu L. Internal concentration as a better predictor of metal toxicity than the fractional coverage of metals on biotic ligand: Comparison of 3 modeling approaches. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:2721-2733. [PMID: 27028101 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Modeling toxicity of metal mixtures poses unique challenges to the incorporation of bioavailability and metal speciation in metal exposures. Three models (models I, II, and III) were compared in the present study to predict and interpret the toxicity exerted by binary metal mixtures to zebrafish larvae, with the assumption of competition between metals based on the biotic ligand model and toxic potencies of individual metals. In addition, 3 models were developed by substituting binding constants (fMBL ) for internal metal concentrations (CM,int ) to directly delineate single-metal and mixture effects on mortality of zebrafish larvae. The results indicated that the 3 developed models appeared to be much better (p < 0.01) than 3 previous models at assessing the toxicity of different metal mixtures and showed 10% to 20% predictive improvement for each metal combination, with the toxic equivalency factor-based model II showing the best performance at quantifying metal mixture toxicity. The 3 developed models generally provided a reasonable framework and descriptions of bioavailability and additive (or nearly additive) toxicity for a number of binary metal mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2721-2733. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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23
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Nougué O, Svendsen N, Jabbour-Zahab R, Lenormand T, Chevin LM. The ontogeny of tolerance curves: habitat quality vs. acclimation in a stressful environment. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1625-1635. [PMID: 27392281 PMCID: PMC5959000 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stressful environments affect life-history components of fitness through (i) instantaneous detrimental effects, (ii) historical (carry-over) effects and (iii) history-by-environment interactions, including acclimation effects. The relative contributions of these different responses to environmental stress are likely to change along life, but such ontogenic perspective is often overlooked in studies of tolerance curves, precluding a better understanding of the causes of costs of acclimation, and more generally of fitness in temporally fine-grained environments. We performed an experiment in the brine shrimp Artemia to disentangle these different contributions to environmental tolerance, and investigate how they unfold along life. We placed individuals from three clones of A. parthenogenetica over a range of salinities during a week, before transferring them to a (possibly) different salinity for the rest of their lives. We monitored individual survival at repeated intervals throughout life, instead of measuring survival or performance at a given point in time, as commonly done in acclimation experiments. We then designed a modified survival analysis model to estimate phase-specific hazard rates, accounting for the fact that individuals may share the same treatment for only part of their lives. Our approach allowed us to distinguish effects of salinity on (i) instantaneous mortality in each phase (habitat quality effects), (ii) mortality later in life (history effects) and (iii) their interaction. We showed clear effects of early salinity on late survival and interactions between effects of past and current environments on survival. Importantly, analysis of the ontogenetic dynamics of the tolerance curve reveals that acclimation affects different parts of the curve at different ages. Adopting a dynamical view of the ontogeny of tolerance curve should prove useful for understanding niche limits in temporally changing environments, where the full sequence of environments experienced by an individual determines its overall environmental tolerance, and how it changes throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odrade Nougué
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nils Svendsen
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Roula Jabbour-Zahab
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Lenormand
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Luis-Miguel Chevin
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Rotini A, Manfra L, Canepa S, Tornambè A, Migliore L. Can Artemia Hatching Assay Be a (Sensitive) Alternative Tool to Acute Toxicity Test? Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2015; 95:745-51. [PMID: 26245451 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemia sp. is extensively used in ecotoxicity testing, despite criticisms inherent to both acute and long-term tests. Alternative endpoints and procedures should be considered to support the use of this biological model. The hatching process comprises several developmental steps and the cyst hatchability seems acceptable as endpoint criterion. In this study, we assessed the reliability of the hatching assay on A. franciscana by comparing with acute and long-term mortality tests, using two chemicals: Diethylene Glycol (DEG), Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). Both DEG and SDS tests demonstrated a dose dependent hatching inhibition. The hatching test resulted more sensitive than acute mortality test and less sensitive than the long-term one. Results demonstrate the reliability and high sensitivity of this hatching assay on a short time lag and support its useful application in first-tier risk assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rotini
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - L Manfra
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Canepa
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144, Rome, Italy
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Tornambè
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - L Migliore
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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D'Agostino F, Del Core M, Cappello S, Mazzola S, Sprovieri M. Synthesis of water suitable as the MEPC.174(58) G8 influent water for testing ballast water management systems. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:642. [PMID: 26403705 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the methodologies adopted to ensure that natural seawater, used as "influent water" for the land test, complies with the requirement that should be fulfilled to show the efficacy of the new ballast water treatment system (BWTS). The new BWTS was located on the coast of SW Sicily (Italy), and the sampled seawater showed that bacteria and plankton were two orders of magnitude lower than requested. Integrated approaches for preparation of massive cultures of bacteria (Alcanivorax borkumensis and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus), algae (Tetraselmis suecica), rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), and crustaceans (Artemia salina) suitable to ensure that 200 m(3) of water fulfilled the international guidelines of MEPC.174(58)G8 are here described. These methodologies allowed us to prepare the "influent water" in good agreement with guidelines and without specific problems arising from natural conditions (seasons, weather, etc.) which significantly affect the concentrations of organisms at sea. This approach also offered the chance to reliably run land tests once every two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Agostino
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy.
| | - Marianna Del Core
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Messina, Via Spianata San Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy
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26
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Zhao LL, Jin F, Ye X, Zhu L, Yang JS, Yang WJ. Expression profiles of miRNAs and involvement of miR-100 and miR-34 in regulation of cell cycle arrest in Artemia. Biochem J 2015; 470:223-31. [PMID: 26348910 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the cell cycle is complex but critical for proper development, reproduction and stress resistance. To survive unfavourable environmental conditions, the crustacean Artemia produces diapause embryos whose metabolism is maintained at extremely low levels. In the present study, the expression profiles of miRNAs during Artemia diapause entry and termination were characterized using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 13 unclassified miRNAs and 370 miRNAs belonging to 87 families were identified; among them, 107 were differentially expressed during diapause entry and termination. We focused on the roles of two of these miRNAs, miR-100 and miR-34, in regulating cell cycle progression; during the various stages of diapause entry, these miRNAs displayed opposing patterns of expression. A functional analysis revealed that miR-100 and miR-34 regulate the cell cycle during diapause entry by targeting polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), leading to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (MEK-ERK-RSK2) pathway and cyclin K, leading to suppression of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) activity respectively. The findings presented in the present study provide insights into the functions of miR-100 and miR-34 and suggest that the expression profiles of miRNAs in Artemia can be used to characterize their functions in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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Mesarič T, Gambardella C, Milivojević T, Faimali M, Drobne D, Falugi C, Makovec D, Jemec A, Sepčić K. High surface adsorption properties of carbon-based nanomaterials are responsible for mortality, swimming inhibition, and biochemical responses in Artemia salina larvae. Aquat Toxicol 2015; 163:121-9. [PMID: 25889088 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of three different carbon-based nanomaterials on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of carbon black, graphene oxide, and multiwall carbon nanotubes for 48 h, and observed using phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Acute (mortality) and behavioural (swimming speed alteration) responses and cholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzyme activities were evaluated. These nanomaterials were ingested and concentrated in the gut, and attached onto the body surface of the A. salina larvae. This attachment was responsible for concentration-dependent inhibition of larval swimming, and partly for alterations in the enzyme activities, that differed according to the type of tested nanomaterials. No lethal effects were observed up to 0.5mg/mL carbon black and 0.1mg/mL multiwall carbon nanotubes, while graphene oxide showed a threshold whereby it had no effects at 0.6 mg/mL, and more than 90% mortality at 0.7 mg/mL. Risk quotients calculated on the basis of predicted environmental concentrations indicate that carbon black and multiwall carbon nanotubes currently do not pose a serious risk to the marine environment, however if uncontrolled release of nanomaterials continues, this scenario can rapidly change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mesarič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Tamara Milivojević
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Genova, Italy.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CO Nanocentre), Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Technologies for the Future (CO NAMASTE), Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Darko Makovec
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anita Jemec
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Qin T, Zhao X, Luan H, Ba H, Yang L, Li Z, Hou L, Zou X. Identification, expression pattern and functional characterization of As-MyD88 in bacteria challenge and during different developmental stages of Artemia sinica. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 50:9-18. [PMID: 25556009 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), a key adapter protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, affects the immune response and the formation of the dorsal-ventral axis. Here, the 1555bp full-length cDNA of MyD88 from Artemia sinica (As-MyD88) was obtained. Molecular characterization revealed that the sequence includes an 1182bp open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 393 amino acids. The predicted protein contains a death domain in the N-terminus, and box1 and 2 motifs of the TIR domain in the C-terminus. Real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression level, protein production and location of As-MYD88 during embryonic development and bacterial challenge. The highest expression level during embryonic development was at the 0h and 5h stages of A. sinica. As-MYD88 was remarkably upregulated after bacterial challenge. Our results suggested that As-MYD88 plays a vital role in response to bacterial challenge, and during post-diapause embryonic development of A. sinica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Hong Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Huazhong Ba
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Zhenegmin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Jamali H, Imani A, Abdollahi D, Roozbehfar R, Isari A. Use of Probiotic Bacillus spp. in Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia (Artemia urmiana) Enrichment: Effects on Growth and Survival of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Larvae. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2015; 7:118-25. [PMID: 25721675 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-015-9189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the effect of a preparation of Bacillus probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis, 1:1) on growth and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. The larvae were fed on Artemia urmiana nauplii and Brachionus plicatilis enriched with the probiotic preparation at 1 × 10(6) CFU mL(-1) rate. The experimental setup was completely randomized design comprised of six treatments, namely solo Artemia nauplii (A) or rotifer (R), Artemia nauplii and rotifer without any enrichment (A + R), Artemia nauplii enrichment with probiotic bacilli (Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis) (A + B), rotifer enrichment with probiotic bacilli (R + B) and enriched Artemia nauplii and rotifer (A + R + B). All treatments were performed in triplicate. Chemical parameters of rearing water viz. pH, salinity and temperature were 7.5-8, 30-31 ppt and 31-32 °C, respectively. Photoperiod was 16L:8D. Shrimp larvae were fed Artemia nauplii and rotifers at 5-20 and 10-40 individuals per shrimp larvae four times a day, respectively. Growth and survival rate of larvae were determined at MII, MIII, PL1, PL4, PL7 and PL10 stages. Larvae in A + R + B treatment showed the highest total length (10.89 ± 0.51 mm), weight (674 ± 73 μg) and survival rate (65% ± 3.5). Lowest total length, weight and survival rate (7.96 ± 0.63 mm, 493 ± 52 μg and 24.5 ± 2.4%, respectively) were recorded in treatment B larvae. We concluded that Bacillus probiotic can improve growth and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp larvae without conceivably undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Jamali
- Department of Fisheries, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,
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Ates M, Demir V, Arslan Z, Daniels J, Farah IO, Bogatu C. Evaluation of alpha and gamma aluminum oxide nanoparticle accumulation, toxicity, and depuration in Artemia salina larvae. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:109-18. [PMID: 24753078 PMCID: PMC4006351 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Artemia salina (crustacean filter feeders) larvae were used as a test model to investigate the toxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) on marine microorganisms. The uptake, toxicity, and elimination of α-Al2O3 (50 nm and 3.5 μm) and γ-Al2O3 (5 nm and 0.4 μm) NPs were studied. Twenty-four and ninety-six hour exposures of different concentrations of Al2O3 NPs to Artemia larvae were conducted in a seawater medium. When suspended in water, Al2O3 NPs aggregated substantially with the sizes ranging from 6.3 nm to >0.3 µm for spherical NPs and from 250 to 756 nm for rod-shaped NPs. The phase contrast microscope images showed that NPs deposited inside the guts as aggregates. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis showed that large particles (3.5 μm α-Al2O3) were not taken up by Artemia, whereas fine NPs (0.4 μm γ-Al2O3) and ultra-fine NPs (5 nm γ-Al2O3 and 50 nm α-Al2O3) accumulated substantially. Differences in toxicity were detected as changing with NP size and morphology. The malondialdehyde levels indicated that smaller γ-Al2O3 (5 nm) NPs were more toxic than larger γ-Al2O3 (0.4 µm) particulates in 96 h. The highest mortality was measured as 34% in 96 h for γ-Al2O3 NPs (5 nm) at 100 mg/L (LC50 > 100 mg/L). γ-Al2O3 NPs were more toxic than α-Al2O3 NPs at all conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
- Department of Bioengineering, Tunceli University, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
| | - Veysel Demir
- Department of Bioengineering, Tunceli University, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
- Corresponding to: Mehmet Ates; tel:+90 428 213 17 94, fax: +90 428 213 18 61,
| | - James Daniels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, PO Box 17910 Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Ibrahim O. Farah
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, PO Box 18540 Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Corneliu Bogatu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, PO Box 18540 Jackson, MS 39217
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Toxopeus J, Warner AH, MacRae TH. Group 1 LEA proteins contribute to the desiccation and freeze tolerance of Artemia franciscana embryos during diapause. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:939-48. [PMID: 24846336 PMCID: PMC4389855 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water loss either by desiccation or freezing causes multiple forms of cellular damage. The encysted embryos (cysts) of the crustacean Artemia franciscana have several molecular mechanisms to enable anhydrobiosis-life without water-during diapause. To better understand how cysts survive reduced hydration, group 1 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, hydrophilic unstructured proteins that accumulate in the stress-tolerant cysts of A. franciscana, were knocked down using RNA interference (RNAi). Embryos lacking group 1 LEA proteins showed significantly lower survival than control embryos after desiccation and freezing, or freezing alone, demonstrating a role for group 1 LEA proteins in A. franciscana tolerance of low water conditions. In contrast, regardless of group 1 LEA protein presence, cysts responded similarly to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure, indicating little to no function for these proteins in diapause termination. This is the first in vivo study of group 1 LEA proteins in an animal and it contributes to the fundamental understanding of these proteins. Knowing how LEA proteins protect A. franciscana cysts from desiccation and freezing may have applied significance in aquaculture, where Artemia is an important feed source, and in the cryopreservation of cells for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantina Toxopeus
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Alden H. Warner
- />Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Thomas H. MacRae
- />Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
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Maldonado-Montiel TDNJ, Rodríguez-Canché LG. Biomass production and nutritional value of Artemia sp. (Anostraca: Artemiidae) in Campeche, México. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 53:447-54. [PMID: 17354454 DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v53i3-4.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biomass of the crustacean Artemia sp. has multiple uses. The biochemical composition and biomass production of Artemia grown from cysts produced by a native population from Real de Salinas were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Nauplii (instar I) were stocked at density of 10 nauplii/ml in 1.5 l tanks, fed with rice bran from day 2 to day 6, and with the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica from day 7 to day 15. At the end of the trial (day 15) the average length was 5.34 mm, biomass production was 15.72 g/l (wet weight), and survival was 79%. The proximal analysis and biochemical composition of Artemia biomass indicated that its nutrient percentages are closely similar to Artemia from other regions, making this species a suitable food for cultured fish and crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita D N J Maldonado-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n Campeche 24030, Campeche, México
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Bazyar Lakeh AA, Kloas W, Jung R, Ariav R, Knopf K. Low frequency ultrasound and UV-C for elimination of pathogens in recirculating aquaculture systems. Ultrason Sonochem 2013; 20:1211-1216. [PMID: 23434531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency ultrasound (LFUS) was evaluated as a novel disinfection technique within recirculating aquaculture systems both individually and combined with UV-C. Dose-dependent inactivation rates were determined for the total viable counts and model organisms representing different taxa of common fish parasites: the ciliate Paramecium sp., second larval stage (L2) of the nematode Anguillicola crassus and metanauplii of Artemia sp. Application of LFUS up to 19 kJ/L did not reduce the number of colony forming units (CFU), whilst UV-C irradiation was highly effective. Pre-treatment with LFUS reduced the mean size of suspended solids in aquaculture water and thus increased the germicidal effect of UV-C by up to 0.6 log units. LFUS was effective against the eukaryotic organisms, and the dose-dependent inactivation could be well described by functions of an exponential decay. However, the efficiency of LFUS differed greatly between species. A LFUS dose of 1.9 kJ/L (consumed energy) was sufficient to inactivate Artemia by 99%, but a ten times higher dose was necessary to inactivate 95% and 81% of Paramecium and Anguillicola larvae, respectively. In clear water, the energetic efficiency of UV-C (emitted by a low pressure lamp) against Paramecium and Anguillicola larvae was higher compared to LFUS, but LFUS was more efficient against Artemia. However, the efficiency of LFUS against ciliates or nematode larvae would be similar or even higher than UV-C in highly turbid water or if less efficient medium pressure lamps are used. This study shows that LFUS can be applied safely at energy densities that are effective against a wide range of parasites like ciliates, nematodes and crustaceans. The combination of LFUS and UV-C could provide an appropriate water treatment with regards to all relevant pathogens in recirculating aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Bazyar Lakeh
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
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Beckman NG. The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66764. [PMID: 23843965 PMCID: PMC3699617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary compounds in fruit mediate interactions with natural enemies and seed dispersers, influencing plant survival and species distributions. The functions of secondary metabolites in plant defenses have been well-studied in green tissues, but not in reproductive structures of plants. In this study, the distribution of toxicity within plants was quantified and its influence on seed survival was determined in Central Panama. To investigate patterns of allocation to chemical defenses and shifts in allocation with fruit development, I quantified variation in toxicity between immature and mature fruit and between the seed and pericarp for eleven species. Toxicity of seed and pericarp was compared to leaf toxicity for five species. Toxicity was measured as reduced hyphal growth of two fungal pathogens, Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp., and reduced survivorship of brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, across a range of concentrations of crude extract. I used these measures of potential toxicity against generalist natural enemies to examine the effect of fruit toxicity on reductions of fruit development and seed survival by vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens measured for seven species in a natural enemy removal experiment. The seed or pericarp of all vertebrate- and wind-dispersed species reduced Artemia survivorship and hyphal growth of Fusarium during the immature and mature stages. Only mature fruit of two vertebrate-dispersed species reduced hyphal growth of Phoma. Predispersal seed survival increased with toxicity of immature fruit to Artemia during germination and decreased with toxicity to fungi during fruit development. This study suggests that fruit toxicity against generalist natural enemies may be common in Central Panama. These results support the hypothesis that secondary metabolites in fruit have adaptive value and are important in the evolution of fruit-frugivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle G Beckman
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
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D'ors A, Bartolomé MC, Sánchez-Fortún S. Toxic risk associated with sporadic occurrences of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms from tidal rivers in marine and estuarine ecosystems and its impact on Artemia franciscana nauplii populations. Chemosphere 2013; 90:2187-2192. [PMID: 23246722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria which can form harmful algal blooms in freshwater water bodies worldwide. However, in spite its sporadic occurrences for short periods of time in estuarine waters, their influence on zooplankton populations present in these ecosystems has not been extensively studied. In this work, Artemia franciscana was used as test organism model, studying mortality against several strains of M. aeruginosa with different degrees of toxigenicity, measuring whole-live cells and homogenate extracts. Results were compared with microcystin-LR equivalent content, measured by immunoassay. The results show that there were no significant differences between both exposure models (whole cells and extracts), and there are significant differences respect to the toxigenicity of cyanobacterial blooms depending of the M. aerugionosa strain involved in the process. Analysis of microcystin-LR equivalent concentration test immediately below the lowest significant concentration in all M. aerugionosa strains was used to determine the potential risk associated with the cell densities during a bloom. Comparison among the selected M. aerugionsa strains show that these factors have influence in the results obtained, and thus, several differences have been evidenced depending of the microcystin-LR equivalent production and the strain type involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'ors
- Dpto. Toxicología y Farmacología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Van Hoa N, Le Tran H, Hong Van NT, Sorgeloos P, Van Stappen G. New approaches for Artemia pond culture. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:320-323. [PMID: 25141701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A project for intensive culture of Artemia in Vinhchau solar saltwork was funded by Soctrang Authority. The aim of this project is to increase the average cyst yield of 50kg.ha-1.crop, and to build up a stable culture technique with a better yield for local farmers. Multiple laboratory experiments were set up with inert food including fermented rice bran, tiger shrimp feed (PL15), as well as their combination with live algae (Chaetoceros). Results showed that, under laboratory conditions, fermented rice bran and tiger shrimp feed can be used as supplemental food sources. The shrimp feed alone or in combination with algae always gave better cyst production compared to the others, but should not account for more than 50% of the diet. In the field trials, aeration of Artemia ponds also increased cyst yields (from 195.8+/-44.2 to 207+/-46.1kg.ha-1.crop with 6 and 12 aeration a day, respectively) compared to ponds with no aeration (88.2+/-27.5kg.ha-1.crop), however the returns on investment (ROI=2.73-2.71 with aera tion vs. 2.24 without) are not significantly different. Utilization of fermented rice bran (20kg.ha-1.day) and shrimp feed (6kg.ha-1.day) as a supplementary feed during pond production in combination with greenwater supplies (10% of pond volume daily) resulted in higher yields (96.0+/-15.9 and 157.2+/-15.0kg.ha-1.crop, respectively) than traditional culture; Shrimp feed as a supplemental feed supported the cyst yield but their negative effect was at a high cost vs. traditional culture and use of fermented rice bran. Based on the cyst yield and ROI, fermented rice bran should be a promising item for poor farmers.
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Niu Y, Van de Wiele T, Bossier P. The protective and intestinal microbiota steering effect of a novel heat shock inducer on brine shrimp larvae. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:330-333. [PMID: 25141704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Toi HT, Van Hoa N, Bossier P, Sorgeloos P, Van Stappen G. Promoting of bacteria growth by manipulating carbon/nitrogen ratio and use as microalgae substitution for filter feeders: a demonstration on Artemia culture. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:198-201. [PMID: 25141666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Hong NTX, Vanrompay D, Bossier P. Influence of virulent and avirulent bacterial strains on HSP70 content of Artemia instar II larvae. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:316-319. [PMID: 25141700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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40
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Vanmaele S, Defoirdt T, Bossier P. A gnotobiotic model system: the case of Artemia franciscana. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:465-468. [PMID: 25141743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Soares F, Castanho S, Moreira M, Mendes AC, Pousão-Ferreira P. Microbial characterization of enriched Artemia sp. at two different temperatures and enrichments. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:429-432. [PMID: 25141733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Van NTH, Van Hoa N, Bossier P, Sorgeloos P, Van Stappen G. Effect of environmental factors on heritability and its biometrics of Artemia franciscana Vinh Chau by mass selection of small sized cysts. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:308-311. [PMID: 25141698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Gunasekara RAYSA, Casteleyn C, Bossier P, Van den Broeck W. Surface area estimation of the gut segments of Artemia franciscana nauplii fed with mnn9 yeast vs. wild type yeast. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:161-164. [PMID: 25141655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Reis DB, Acosta NG, Almansa E, Navarro JC, Tocher DR, Monroig O, Andrade JP, Sykes AV, Rodríguez C. Endogenous metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in Artemia nauplii as determined through incubation with 14C-labelled fatty acid substrates. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:392-395. [PMID: 25141721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Yang F, Jia SN, Yu YQ, Ye X, Liu J, Qian YQ, Yang WJ. Deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is involved in the formation and maintenance of the diapause embryos of Artemia. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:577-87. [PMID: 22374320 PMCID: PMC3535162 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of proteins by ubiquitination and deubiquitination plays an important role in various cellular processes. BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme whose function in the control of the cell cycle requires both its deubiquitinating activity and nuclear localization. In the present study, a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase belonging to the BAP1 family was identified and characterized from Artemia parthenogenetica, a member of a family of brine shrimp that, under certain conditions, produce and release diapause embryos in which cell division and turnover of macromolecules are arrested. Western blot analysis and in vitro enzyme activity assay revealed ArBAP1 to be a cytoplasmic protein with typical ubiquitin hydrolase activity. Northern blot analysis revealed that ArBAP1 was abundant in the abdomen of Artemia producing diapause-destined embryos. Furthermore, by in situ hybridization, ArBAP1 was located exclusively in the embryos. In vivo knockdown of ArBAP1 by RNA interference resulted in the formation of embryos with split shells and abortive nauplii. The present findings suggest that ArBAP1, the first reported cytoplasmic BAP1, participates in the formation of diapause embryos and plays an important role in the control of cell cycle arrest in these encysted embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- />Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Nan Jia
- />Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Yu
- />Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ye
- />Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- />College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 258 Xueyuan Street, Xiasha, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-Qing Qian
- />Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- />Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Li Q, Zhang Q, Han L, Yuan Z, Tan J, Du B, Zou X, Hou L. Molecular characterization and expression of As-nurp1 gene from Artemia sinica during development and in response to salinity and temperature stress. Biol Bull 2012; 222:182-191. [PMID: 22815367 DOI: 10.1086/bblv222n3p182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear protein 1 (NURP1) is a stress-related protein and closely related to diapause in the development of Artemia. In the present paper, the full-length 568-bp cDNA sequence of the nurp1 homolog of Artemia sinica (As-nurp1) was isolated by RACE technology for the first time. The putative As-nurp1 protein consists of 66 amino acids with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif and a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). Multiple sequence alignments revealed that the putative As-nurp1 protein sequence was relatively conserved across species, especially in the bHLH domain. The expression of As-nurp1 is widely distributed during A. sinica development. This is followed by a dramatic downregulation after diapause and is newly upregulated from the larval nauplius stage. Furthermore, As-nurp1 transcripts are highly upregulated under conditions of high salinity and low temperature. These findings suggest that As-nurp1 is stress-related and may act as a protective factor in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the capacity of live brine shrimp Artemia spp. to accumulate metronidazole at different developmental life stages. Metronidazole is used in fish as an antiparasitic medication. An effective drug delivery method is to enrich the Artemia with metronidazole and offer them as live feed to the infected fish, usually ornamental species and other small fishes. Artemia cysts were hatched and then soaked in a metronidazole solution (0.05%) at instars 1-3 of larval development. Our findings indicated that Artemia were able to accumulate metronidazole at levels considered therapeutic to other animals and humans (25-100 mg/kg). However, the levels varied depending on the stage of larval development. Artemia accumulated the highest levels of metronidazole (137-143 mg/kg) when they started filter feeding (instar 2), whereas newly hatched Artemia (instar 1) contained the lowest level (85 mg/kg). Based on this study and a review of the literature, a new protocol recommended for enriching Artemia with metronidazole consists of soaking the Artemia in a 0.05% metronidazole solution for 3 h at room temperature. Because metronidazole is relatively insoluble in water, it must first be dissolved in warm water with continuous stirring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Post Office Box 110910, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Clegg JS. Stress-related proteins compared in diapause and in activated, anoxic encysted embryos of the animal extremophile, Artemia franciscana. J Insect Physiol 2011; 57:660-664. [PMID: 21147115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous work indicated similarities between diapause and anoxic quiescence in encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. That possibility was examined further in the present study through an immunochemical study of the following stress-related proteins in low speed supernatants and pellets: hsc70, artemin, p26, hsp21, LEA Group 1 protein and p8. Changes in the amounts and locations of these proteins occurred during the initial period after release of diapause cysts from females, and after activated (diapause-terminated) cysts were made anoxic. However, with the passage of incubation time the patterns seen in both kinds of cysts were more similar than different, lending further support to the possibility that activated anoxic embryos retain many of the mechanisms operative in the previous diapause condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Clegg
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, Davis, CA 94923, USA.
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Yoshida T, Arii Y, Hino K, Sawatani I, Tanaka M, Takahashi R, Bando T, Mukai K, Fukuo K. High hatching rates after cryopreservation of hydrated cysts of the brine shrimp A. franciscana. Cryo Letters 2011; 32:206-215. [PMID: 21766150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cysts of Artemia franciscana are known to be extremely tolerant to UV and ionizing radiation, hypoxia, dryness, osmotic pressure, and temperatures. However, when cysts are hydrated, their resistance to extreme environmental conditions is markedly reduced, and they subsequently enter a developmental sequence. The hatching rate of hydrated cysts declined when they were rapidly frozen after a short period of hydration but slow freezing improved hatching rates after 6-h hydration (1.4 g H2O per g dry wt). We observed that trehalose content in hydrated cysts was greatly reduced up to 6-h time. DSC analysis showed different thermal profiles at two cooling rates, suggesting the formation of a minuscule ice crystal inside the cells. High hatching rates can be obtained from highly hydrated cysts at slow cooling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yoshida
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
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Silva SNRL, Farias CBB, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Sarubbo LA. Glycerol as substrate for the production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP0992. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:174-83. [PMID: 20417068 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work the influence of the carbon source concentration, of the type and concentration of the nitrogen source and of the cultivation conditions (temperature, aeration and agitation speed) in mineral medium formulated with glycerol was studied for biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP0992. The kinetics of microorganism growth and biosurfactant production have been described for the medium supplemented with 3% glycerol and 0.6% NaNO(3), at 28 degrees C during 120 h under 200 rpm, showing a growth-associated production. The isolated biosurfactant corresponded to a concentration of 8.0 g/l after 96 h. The medium surface tension was reduced to 27.4 mN/m and the emulsification index of hexadecane reached 75-80% after 72 h. A CMC of 700 mg/l and an interfacial tension against hexadecane of 2 mN/m were obtained. The biosurfactant showed stability when submitted at 90 degrees C during 2 h, and thermal (4-120 degrees C) and pH (4-12) stability regarding the surface tension reduction and the emulsification capacity of vegetable oils and hydrocarbons, and tolerance under high salt concentrations (2-10%). The biosurfactant was characterized as a group of rhamnolipids with anionic nature. The crude biosurfactant did not show toxicity against the microcrustacean Artemia salina and the cabbage (Brassica oleracea), while the isolated biosurfactant showed toxicity against the microcrustacean at the CMC. The application of the biosurfactant in diesel recovery from sand was demonstrated by removal percentiles above 85%. The results obtained in this work are noteworthy for possible biosurfactant production from glycerol with potential of application in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N R L Silva
- Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, Boa Vista, CEP, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
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