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Liu W, Akbarpour-Beni M, Movahed S, Gorzi A, Cheraghi E, Amini H. Neutralising the testosterone enanthate-induced oxidative stress in rats uterine tissue by propolis and chicory as natural antioxidants. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of propolis and chicory on oxidative stress of uterine tissue in rats consuming testosterone enanthate. Thirty-five female Wistar rats (8 weeks old and weighing 200±12 g) were randomly divided between five groups (n=8) resistance training+ testosterone enanthate (RT+TE), resistance training+ testosterone enanthate+ chicory (RT+TE+CH), resistance training+ testosterone enanthate+ propolis (RT+TE+PR), control (CO), and sham (RT). The protocols were as follows: exercise protocol including climb on a 1-meter ladder with 26 steps five days a week for eight weeks, received a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight of testosterone weekly for eight weeks, and received a dose of 400 mg/kg proplis and 6 g/kg chicory of body weight all days a week for eight weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as oxidative stress markers. Testosterone treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of SOD and GPX only in RT+TE group compared to the RT+TE+CH and RT+TE+PR groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in mean SOD and GPX levels between RT+TE+CH and RT+TE+PR with CO and RT groups (P>0.05). MDA level was significantly higher in RT+TE group compared to the other groups (P=0.001). This level was also significantly higher in RT+TE+CH group compared to the CO group (P=0.000) and in RT+TE+PR group compared to CO (P=0.000) and RT (P=0.003) groups. Although testosterone enanthate leads to oxidative stress in uterine tissue, propolis and chicory reduced this oxidative stress. It seems that more research can be done on the potential effects of natural antioxidants to neutralise the harmful effects of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui Vocational and Technical College of Sports, Wenzhong Rd, Yaohai District, Hefei, 230013 Anhui, China P.R
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province, Quality Education Research Center for College Students of Anhui, Xinhua University, Wangjiang W Rd, Shushan District, Hefei, 230094 Anhui, China, P.R
| | - M. Akbarpour-Beni
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - S. Movahed
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - A. Gorzi
- Department of sport sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - E. Cheraghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - H. Amini
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Tolou-e-Mehr Non-profit Institute of Higher Education, Qom, Iran
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Efficacy and Safety of "Three Chinese Patent Medicines and Three TCM Prescriptions" for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4654793. [PMID: 35035505 PMCID: PMC8753255 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4654793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy, safety, and precision of TMTP for COVID-19. Methods Randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies were searched in 11 electronic databases. This network meta-analysis included trials using TMTP to treat patients with COVID-19. The traditional pairwise meta-analysis was done by using Stata 15, and Bayesian network meta-analysis was done with WinBUGS. Results 18 trials were included with 2036 participants and 7 drugs. The results showed that LHQW had the most significant effects on improving expectoration, shortness of breath, sore throat, nausea, emesis, inappetence, muscle soreness, and headache, and it could produce the least adverse reactions. XBJ was the best drug for fever, fatigue, and diarrhea, which showed great advantages in lowering WBC levels. XFBD was the most effective drug for cough and chest distress, which had the least exacerbation rate. JHQG was the most effective for rhinobyon and rhinorrhea, while QFPD was the best drug in decreasing CRP levels. Conclusion This study was the first most large-scale and comprehensive research of TMTP for COVID-19. The results showed that LHQW had good efficacy without obvious adverse reactions. Therefore, we believe that it should be firstly recommended for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, XBJ is recommended for patients with a severe fever, fatigue, and diarrhea, and JHQG is recommended for patients with obvious rhinobyon and rhinorrhea; then, XFBD is recommended for patients with cough and chest tightness as the main manifestation. Our findings will help experts develop new COVID-19 treatment guidelines to better guide clinical medication for protecting the health of COVID-19 patients.
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Ferreira SR, Goyeneche AA, Heber MF, Abruzzese GA, Ferrer MJ, Telleria CM, Motta AB. Prenatal testosterone exposure induces insulin resistance, uterine oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111045. [PMID: 33148513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal androgen excess is considered one of the main causes of the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal hyperandrogenization (PH) on the physiology of the adult uterine tissue using a murine model of fetal programming caused by androgen excess in adult female rats. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone and female offspring were studied when adult. Our results showed that PH leads to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Consequently, PH developed insulin resistance and a systemic inflammatory state reflected by increased C-reactive protein. In the uterine tissue, levels of PPAR gamma-an important metabolic sensor in the endometrium-were found to be impaired. Moreover, PH induced a pro-inflammatory and an unbalanced oxidative state in the uterus reflected by increased COX-2, lipid peroxidation, and NF-κB. In summary, our results revealed that PH leads to a compromised metabolic state likely consequence of fetal reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Rocío Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
| | - Alicia Alejandra Goyeneche
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - María Florencia Heber
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Giselle Adriana Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Maria José Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Carlos Marcelo Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alicia Beatriz Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
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Sakumoto R, Hayashi KG, Hosoe M, Iga K, Kizaki K. Pregnancy-associated changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) and cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2 (CYP21A2) expression in the bovine corpus luteum. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:205-213. [PMID: 32037375 PMCID: PMC7297635 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated gene expression profiles of the corpus luteum (CL) at the time of maternal recognition to evaluate the functional changes of the CL during early pregnancy in cows and help
improve reproductive efficiency and avoid defective fetuses. Microarray analyses using a 15 K bovine oligo DNA microarray detected 30 differentially expressed genes and 266 differentially
expressed genes (e.g., PPARD and CYP21A2) in the CL on pregnancy days 15 (P15) and 18 (P18), respectively, compared with the CL on day 15 (NP15) of
non-pregnancy (n = 4 for each group). PPARD expression was the highest while the CYP21A2 expression was the lowest in P15 and P18 compared with that of
NP15. These microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The addition of interferon-τ and supernatants derived from homogenized fetal trophoblast increased
ISG15 and MX1 expressions in the cultured luteal tissue (P < 0.01), but did not affect PPARD and CYP21A2 expressions.
PPARD expression in the luteal tissue was stimulated (P < 0.05) by GW0742, known as a selective PPARD agonist, and PPARD ligands (i.e., arachidonic, linoleic and
linolenic acids). In contrast, CYP21A2 mRNA expression was not affected by both agonist and ligands. The concentration of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2α decreased after
GW0742 stimulation and increased after arachidonic acid stimulation (P < 0.05). The addition of GW0742 and arachidonic acid increased progesterone (P4) concentration. Collectively, these
findings suggest that high expression levels of PPARD and low expression levels of CYP21A2 in the CL during early pregnancy may support P4 production by bovine luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Kosuke Iga
- Division of Livestock and Forage Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Morioka 020-0198, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Ferreira SR, Vélez LM, F Heber M, Abruzzese GA, Motta AB. Prenatal androgen excess alters the uterine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) system. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:1401-1409. [PMID: 31039921 DOI: 10.1071/rd18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that androgen excess induces changes in fetal programming that affect several physiological pathways. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, δ and γ are key mediators of female reproductive functions, in particular in uterine tissues. Thus, we aimed to study the effect of prenatal hyperandrogenisation on the uterine PPAR system. Rats were treated with 2mg testosterone from Day 16 to 19 of pregnancy. Female offspring (PH group) were followed until 90 days of life, when they were killed. The PH group exhibited an anovulatory phenotype. We quantified uterine mRNA levels of PPARα (Ppara ), PPARδ (Ppard ), PPARγ (Pparg ), their regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Ppargc1a ) and nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 (Ncor1 ) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 (Ptgs2 ), and assessed the lipid peroxidation (LP) index and levels of glutathione (GSH) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 . The PH group showed decreased levels of all uterine PPAR isoforms compared with the control group. In addition, PGE2 and Ptgs2 levels were increased in the PH group, which led to a uterine proinflammatory environment, as was LP, which led to a pro-oxidant status that GSH was not able to compensate for. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to androgen excess has a fetal programming effect that affects the gene expression of PPAR isoforms, and creates a misbalanced oxidant-antioxidant state and a proinflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana R Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121 ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro M Vélez
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121 ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Heber
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121 ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giselle A Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121 ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia B Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121 ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Corresponding author
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Guo C, Xu LF, Li HM, Wang W, Guo JH, Jia MQ, Jia R, Jia J. Transcriptomic study of the mechanism of anoikis resistance in head and neck squamous carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6978. [PMID: 31198634 PMCID: PMC6535219 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal epithelial cells rapidly undergo apoptosis as soon as they lose contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is termed as anoikis. However, cancer cells tend to develop a resistance mechanism to anoikis. This acquired ability is termed as anoikis resistance. Cancer cells, with anoikis resistance, can spread to distant tissues or organs via the peripheral circulatory system and cause cancer metastasis. Thus, inhibition of anoikis resistance blocks the metastatic ability of cancer cells. Methods Anoikis-resistant CAL27 (CAL27AR) cells were induced from CAL27 cells using the suspension culture approach. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-Seq to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CAL27ARcells and the parental CAL27 cells. Gene function annotation and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Signaling pathways involved in DEGs were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Analysis results were confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), western blotting, and gene correlation analysis based on the TCGA database. Results GO enrichment analysis indicated that the biological process (BP) of the DEGs was associated with epidermal development, DNA replication, and G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. The analysis of cellular component (CC) showed that the most significant up-regulated genes were related to extracellular exosome. KEGG Pathway analysis revealed that 23 signaling pathways were activated (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05) and 22 signaling pathways were suppressed (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05). The results from the GSEA indicated that in contrast to the inhibition of EGFR signaling pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway was activated. The VEGF signaling pathway possibly activates STAT3 though induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Gene correlation analysis revealed that the VEGFA- STAT3-KLF4-CDKN1A signal axis was not only present in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) but also two other epithelial-derived carcinomas that highly express VEGFA, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling-Feng Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji-Hua Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Qi Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Korbecki J, Bobiński R, Dutka M. Self-regulation of the inflammatory response by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:443-458. [PMID: 30927048 PMCID: PMC6517359 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family includes three transcription factors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. PPAR are nuclear receptors activated by oxidised and nitrated fatty acid derivatives as well as by cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2) during the inflammatory response. This results in the modulation of the pro-inflammatory response, preventing it from being excessively activated. Other activators of these receptors are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (arachidonic acid, ALA, EPA, and DHA). The main function of PPAR during the inflammatory reaction is to promote the inactivation of NF-κB. Possible mechanisms of inactivation include direct binding and thus inactivation of p65 NF-κB or ubiquitination leading to proteolytic degradation of p65 NF-κB. PPAR also exert indirect effects on NF-κB. They promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, or heme oxygenase-1, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., secondary transmitters in inflammatory reactions. PPAR also cause an increase in the expression of IκBα, SIRT1, and PTEN, which interferes with the activation and function of NF-κB in inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Blitek A, Szymanska M. Regulation of expression and role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in luminal epithelial and stromal cells of the porcine endometrium. Theriogenology 2019; 127:88-101. [PMID: 30677596 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-dependent transcription factors. PPARs are important regulators of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune response. Their possible role in the female reproductive tract was demonstrated. In the present study, cultured luminal epithelial (LE) and stromal (ST) cells of the porcine endometrium were used to examine (1) the effect of conceptus exposed medium (CEM) on mRNA and protein expression and DNA binding activity of PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG isoforms, and (2) the effect of PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG agonists on the expression of selected genes, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. The addition of CEM stimulated PPARA expression and DNA binding activity of this isoform in LE and ST cells (P < 0.05). Increased expression of PPARD mRNA in the presence of CEM was detected in ST cells (P < 0.05), while the concentration of PPARG transcripts decreased in response to CEM in both cell types (P < 0.05). LE and ST cells of the pig endometrium possess PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG proteins, with clear nuclear staining visible predominately in ST cells. In LE cells, activation of PPARG with 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin(PG)J2 down-regulated the expression of genes encoding amino acid transporter 1 (SLC38A1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and enzymes involved in PG synthesis (P < 0.05). In ST cells, activation of PPARD isoform with both agonists used (L-165,041 and cPGI2) and PPARG isoform with 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 increased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, GW9578 (PPARA agonist) and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 stimulated glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1) gene expression in ST cells. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 was also effective in up-regulation of the ratio of BAX/BCL2 mRNA expression and active caspase-3 concentration in ST cells (P < 0.05). Finally, GW9578 stimulated LE and ST cell proliferation, while rosiglitazone (PPARG agonist) increased the number of viable ST but not LE cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that conceptus products differentially modulate PPARs expression and activity in the porcine endometrium. Activation of PPARs may in turn affect nutrient transport, PG synthesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation in this tissue. Therefore, PPAR isoforms seem to play an important role in development and function of the porcine uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Blitek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szymanska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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Szczepańska AA, Łupicka M, Socha BM, Korzekwa AJ. The influence of arachidonic acid metabolites on PPAR and RXR expression in bovine uterine cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 262:27-35. [PMID: 29510153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Three isoforms have been described: alpha (PPARα), delta (PPARδ), and gamma (PPARγ). PPARs heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRs: RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ). PPAR activity can be modulated by several ligands, including arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. The aims of the study were to determine the effect of AA metabolites (prostaglandin [PG]E2, PGF2α, leukotriene [LT]B4, and LTC4) on mRNA (real-time PCR) and protein expression (Western blotting) of PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ, and on mRNA expression of RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ, in bovine epithelial, stromal, and myometrial primary uterine cells and in bovine stromal cells with silenced PPAR genes (N = 10). All PPAR and RXR isoforms were expressed. Prostaglandins affected expression of PPARs only in stromal cells, whereas LTs modulated PPARγ mRNA expression in epithelial and myometrial primary cells. Blockade of signal transduction through PPARs prevented interactions between AA metabolites and PPARs and changed RXR expression comparing with primary stromal cells. In primary stromal uterine cells, mRNA expression of RXRs was higher than that of PPARs. In uterine stromal cells in which intracellular signaling through PPARs was blocked, RXRs seem to take over the role of PPARs and are pivotal for cell functions. This study revealed the reaction of PPARs and RXRs to agonists which naturally occur in the bovine uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Szczepańska
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Tuwima St. 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Łupicka
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Tuwima St. 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - B M Socha
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Tuwima St. 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A J Korzekwa
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Tuwima St. 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland. http://tbr.pan.olsztyn.pl/images/KSIAZKA_KONFERENCYJNA_TBR_30_08_17.pdf
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Socha B, Łupicka M, Szczepańska A, Korzekwa A. PPAR expression throughout the oestrous cycle in the bovine endometrium. Theriogenology 2017; 100:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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PPAR ligand association with prostaglandin F 2 α and E 2 synthesis in the pig corpus luteum—An in vitro study. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 172:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ou HL, Sun D, Peng YC, Wu YL. Novel effects of the cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitor NS-398 on IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-8 expression in human ovarian granulosa cells. Innate Immun 2016; 22:452-65. [PMID: 27312705 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916654011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation is a critical inflammation-like event that is central to ovarian physiology. IL-1β is an immediate early pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates production of several other inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX)-2 and IL-8. NS-398 is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 bioactivity and thus this drug is able to mitigate the COX-2-mediated production of downstream prostaglandins and the subsequent inflammatory response. Here we have investigated the action of NS-398 using a human ovarian granulosa cell line, KGN, by exploring IL-1β-regulated COX-2 and IL-8 expression. First, NS-398, instead of reducing inflammation, appeared to further enhance IL-1β-mediated COX-2 and IL-8 production. Using selective inhibitors targeting various signaling molecules, MAPK and NF-κB pathways both seemed to be involved in the impact of NS-398 on IL-1β-induced COX-2 and IL-8 expression. NS-398 also promoted IL-1β-mediated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation but had no effect on IL-1β-activated MAPK phosphorylation. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that NS-398, in combination with IL-1β, significantly enhanced cell cycle progression involving IL-8. Our findings demonstrate a clear pro-inflammatory function for NS-398 in the IL-1β-mediated inflammatory response of granulosa cells, at least in part, owing to its augmenting effect on the IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Ou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ribeiro ES, Greco LF, Bisinotto RS, Lima FS, Thatcher WW, Santos JE. Biology of Preimplantation Conceptus at the Onset of Elongation in Dairy Cows1. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:97. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.134908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Dirandeh E, Towhidi A, Ansari Pirsaraei Z, Saberifar T, Akhlaghi A, Rezaei Roodbari A. The endometrial expression of prostaglandin cascade components in lactating dairy cows fed different polyunsaturated fatty acids. Theriogenology 2015; 83:206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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An in vitro investigation of the actions of reproductive hormones on the cervix of the ewe in the follicular stage: the effects of 17β-estradiol, oxytocin, FSH, and arachidonic acid on the cervical pathway for the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Theriogenology 2014; 83:1007-14. [PMID: 25586640 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During the periovulatory period, the cervix of the ewe relaxes and this mechanism is thought to be mediated by oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in response to increased concentrations of 17β-estradiol and perhaps FSH. The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro effects of 17β-estradiol, FSH, oxytocin, and arachidonic acid (AA) on the synthesis of PGE2 and on the expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR), cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in explants of cervical tissue collected from ewes in the periovulatory phase of the estrous cycle. Cervical minces from ewes in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle were cultured in supplemented Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium for 48 hours with 17β-estradiol, FSH, oxytocin, or AA. After incubation, the tissue was stored at -80 °C and the media at -20 °C. Western immunoblotting was used to determine relative levels of OTR, cPLA2, and COX-2 in cervical tissue, and the media was analyzed by RIA, to determine the concentration of PGE2. The addition of 17β-estradiol increased the concentration of PGE2 in the media (P = 0.001), the levels of COX-2 (P = 0.02) and OTR (P = 0.006) but not those of cPLA2 (P = 0.15). The addition of FSH increased the levels of COX-2 (P = 0.01) but, it had no effect on the concentration of PGE2 (P = 0.08) or on the levels of OTR (P = 0.07) and cPLA2 (P = 0.15). Oxytocin did not increase the levels of COX-2 (P = 0.38) but increased those of OTR (P = 0.001) and cPLA2 (P = 0.01) but not on the concentration of PGE2 in the media. Arachidonic acid increased the levels of cPLA2 (P = 0.01) and those of COX-2 (P = 0.02) but not the concentration of PGE2 in the media. Our findings suggest that the PGE2-mediated mechanisms of cervical relaxation in the ewe during the follicular phase are stimulated by FSH, 17β-estradiol, oxytocin, and AA. They all appear to act by inducing receptors and enzymes along the synthetic pathway for PGE2.
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Cheng Z, Abayasekara DRE, Ward F, Preece DM, Raheem KA, Wathes DC. Altering n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios affects prostaglandin production by ovine uterine endometrium. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 143:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bogacka I, Bogacki M, Kurzyńska A, Chojnowska K. The involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in prostaglandin F2α production by porcine endometrium. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:309-16. [PMID: 24287039 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) ligands on PGF2α secretion and mRNA expression of prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) in porcine endometrial explants collected on days 10-12 and 14-16 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. The explants were incubated for 6h with: PPARα ligands - WY-14643 (agonist) and MK 886 (antagonist); PPARβ ligands - l-165,041 (agonist) and GW 9662 (antagonist); PPARγ ligands - 15d-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2, agonist), rosiglitazone (agonist) and T0070907 (antagonist). The expression of PGFS mRNA in the endometrium and the concentration of PGF2α in culture media were determined by real time RT-PCR and radioimmunoassay, respectively. During the estrous cycle (days 10-12 and 14-16), the agonists - WY-14643 (PPARα), l-165,041 (PPARβ), PGJ2 and rosiglitazone (PPARγ) - increased PGF2α secretion but did not affect PGFS mRNA abundance. During pregnancy (days 10-12 and 14-16), PPARα and PPARγ ligands did not change PGF2α release, whereas PPARβ agonist augmented PGF2α release on days 14-16 of pregnancy. In addition, WY-14643 and l-165,041 increased PGFS mRNA level in both examined periods of pregnancy. PPARγ agonist (PGJ2) and antagonist (T0070907) enhanced PGFS mRNA abundance in the endometrium on days 10-12 and 14-16 of pregnancy, respectively. The results indicate that PPARs are involved in the production of PGF2α by porcine endometrium, and that the sensitivity of the endometrium to PPAR ligands depends on reproductive status of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bogacka
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Poland.
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Bionaz M, Chen S, Khan MJ, Loor JJ. Functional Role of PPARs in Ruminants: Potential Targets for Fine-Tuning Metabolism during Growth and Lactation. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:684159. [PMID: 23737762 PMCID: PMC3657398 DOI: 10.1155/2013/684159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization and biological roles of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isotypes are well known in monogastrics, but not in ruminants. However, a wealth of information has accumulated in little more than a decade on ruminant PPARs including isotype tissue distribution, response to synthetic and natural agonists, gene targets, and factors affecting their expression. Functional characterization demonstrated that, as in monogastrics, the PPAR isotypes control expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory response, development, and growth. Contrary to mouse, however, the PPARγ gene network appears to controls milk fat synthesis in lactating ruminants. As in monogastrics, PPAR isotypes in ruminants are activated by long-chain fatty acids, therefore, making them ideal candidates for fine-tuning metabolism in this species via nutrients. In this regard, using information accumulated in ruminants and monogastrics, we propose a model of PPAR isotype-driven biological functions encompassing key tissues during the peripartal period in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Shuowen Chen
- Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Muhammad J. Khan
- Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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The expression of ERα, OTR, cPLA2, COX-2, and PPARγ in the cervix of the ewe during the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2013; 79:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kurusu S, Sapirstein A, Bonventre JV. Group IVA phospholipase A₂ optimizes ovulation and fertilization in rodents through induction of and metabolic coupling with prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. FASEB J 2012; 26:3800-10. [PMID: 22673578 PMCID: PMC3425826 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-203968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Female mice lacking group IVA phospholipase A(2) (Pla2g4a(-/-)) have a smaller litter size, which is due, in part, to defective implantation. We examined PLA(2)G4A dependence of the processes of ovulation and fertilization. Following induction of ovulation by equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)/human CG (hCG) treatment and mating, ovulation and fertilization rates were reduced significantly in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice as compared to wild-type littermates. Human CG triggered robust ovarian prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production in the preovulatory period that was significantly attenuated in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice. Human CG transiently enhanced ovarian expression of PLA(2)G4A and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in wild-type mice. This PTGS2 induction was decreased in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice and also in immature rats treated with the PLA(2)G4A inhibitor, archidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone. A close spatiotemporal association of PLA(2)G4A with PTGS2 was found in mouse and rat preovulatory follicles examined by immunohistochemistry. Less association was observed with 4 other forms of PLA(2). Our data strongly suggest that PLA(2)G4A amplifies hCG induction of PTGS2 and colocalizes with the induced PTGS2, thus contributing to robust PG production required for optimal ovulation and fertilization in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kurusu
- Department of Medicine and
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Adam Sapirstein
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, and
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Christensen A, Haresign W, Khalid M. Progesterone exposure of the preovulatory follicle in the seasonally anestrous ewe alters the expression of angiogenic growth factors in the early corpus luteum. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1648-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cheng Z, Elmes M, Kirkup S, Abayasekara DRE, Wathes DC. Effects of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin production in ovine fetal chorion cells in vitro in late gestation ewes. Placenta 2011; 32:752-6. [PMID: 21794911 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use an in vitro model of the ovine placenta to determine effects of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on prostaglandin (PG) production. PGs are key regulators of fetal maturation and parturition. STUDY DESIGN Fetal allantochorion tissue (FC) was collected in late pregnancy (day 135). FC cells were isolated and cultured with 0-100 μM of linoleic acid (LA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA) or arachidonic acid (AA) in serum free medium and challenged with control medium, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 μg/ml), dexamethasone (DEX, 5 μM) or a combination of LPS (0.1 μg/ml) with DEX (5 μM). Spent medium was harvested at 2 h and 24 h post challenge for measuring PGs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To assess the effects of treatment on placental 1- and 2-series PGE production. RESULTS LA supplementation inhibited both PGE(1) and PGE(2) production. GLA predominantly stimulated PGE(1) generation, although it also increased PGE(2) production. AA supplementation predominantly increased PGE(2) production, but also stimulated PGE(1). DEX treatment with or without LPS inhibited PG production. Supplementation with n-6 PUFAs attenuated or neutralised the stimulatory effect of LPS challenge on FC cells for both PGE(1) and PGE(2) production. CONCLUSION These data show that supplementation with n-6 PUFAs alters placental PG production, but their precise effects depend on their position in the biosynthetic pathway for PG synthesis. This study supports the possibility that GLA containing oils, widely promoted as dietary supplements, might reduce the risk of pre-term labour by inhibiting the responsiveness of PGE(2) production to LPS challenge in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts.,UK.
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Derecka K, Balkwill GD, Garner TP, Hodgman C, Flint APF, Searle MS. Occurrence of a quadruplex motif in a unique insert within exon C of the bovine estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1). Biochemistry 2010; 49:7625-33. [PMID: 20715834 DOI: 10.1021/bi100804f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The 5' end of exon C of the bovine estrogen receptor alpha gene (bov-ESR1) includes a unique G-rich insert, not found in other closely related mammalian genes, which lies close to both a double E-box transcription factor binding site and the site of a single nucleotide (G/A) polymorphism. Biophysical studies, using CD and UV absorbance measurements, show that this 22 base insert leads to the formation of a family of stable G-quadruplex structures which are unaffected by the G/A polymorphism. Multiplex PCR shows that the region including the G-quadruplex is transcribed into RNA, and studies with a synthetic RNA transcript sequence demonstrated formation of a highly stable parallel-folded quadruplex structure. Luciferase reporter constructs demonstrate that the G-rich sequence reduces rates of translation when present in the 5'-UTR of mRNA transcripts. Mutations (GGG to AAA) that destabilize the quadruplex lead to a 15-fold enhancement of translational efficiency, suggesting that a possible biological role of the insert in exon C of the bov-ESR1 is to regulate translation of this exon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Derecka
- School of Biosciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Kirkup SE, Cheng Z, Elmes M, Wathes DC, Abayasekara DRE. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate prostaglandin synthesis by ovine amnion cells in vitro. Reproduction 2010; 140:943-51. [PMID: 20826537 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diets or supplements high in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to influence the timing of parturition. PUFAs are substrates for prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, and PGs play central roles in parturition. Hence, the effects of altering PUFA composition may be mediated through alterations in the type and relative quantities of PGs synthesised. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of a range of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in vitro on PG synthesis by amnion cells of late gestation ewes. The n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6), increased synthesis of two-series PGs. Degree of stimulation induced by the n-6 PUFAs was dependent on the position of the PUFA in the PG synthetic pathway, i.e. PG production of the two-series (principally prostaglandin E(2):PGE(2)) increased progressively with longer chain PUFAs. Effects of n-3 PUFAs on output of PGE(2) were more modest and variable. The two shorter chain n-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4, n-3), induced a small but significant increase in PGE(2) output, while the longest chain n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3) inhibited PGE(2) synthesis. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3, n-6), the PUFA substrate for synthesis of one-series PGs, induced an increase in PGE(1) generation and a decrease in PGE(2) and PGE(3) outputs. Hence, we have demonstrated that PUFA supplementation of ovine amnion cells in vitro affects the type and quantity of PGs synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Kirkup
- Endocrinology, Development, Genomics and Reproduction Group, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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González-Ramos R, Van Langendonckt A, Defrère S, Lousse JC, Colette S, Devoto L, Donnez J. Involvement of the nuclear factor-κB pathway in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1985-94. [PMID: 20188363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. DESIGN A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify all relevant citations. RESULT(S) Our findings highlight the important role of NF-κB in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. In vitro and in vivo studies show that NF-κB-mediated gene transcription promotes inflammation, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of endometriotic cells. Constitutive activation of NF-κB has been demonstrated in endometriotic lesions and peritoneal macrophages of endometriosis patients. Agents blocking NF-κB are effective inhibitors of endometriosis development and some drugs with known NF-κB inhibitory properties have proved efficient at reducing endometriosis-associated symptoms in women. Iron overload activates NF-κB in macrophages. NF-κB activation in macrophages and ectopic endometrial cells stimulates synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, generating a positive feedback loop in the NF-κB pathway and promoting endometriotic lesion establishment, maintenance and development. CONCLUSION(S) NF-κB transcriptional activity modulates key cell processes contributing to the initiation and progression of endometriosis. Because endometriosis is a multifactorial disease, inhibiting NF-κB appears to be a promising strategy for future therapies targeting different cell functions involved in endometriosis development, such as cell adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Upcoming research will elucidate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Clínico San Borja-Arriarán, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Nutrition and metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:63-72. [PMID: 19106709 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32832402a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Coyne GS, Kenny DA, Childs S, Sreenan JM, Waters SM. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the expression of genes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis in the bovine uterus. Theriogenology 2008; 70:772-82. [PMID: 18582926 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a critical role in the regulation of cow fertility. There is emerging evidence that dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) may act as specific regulators of some reproductive processes. In vitro studies suggest that the n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may play pivotal roles by suppressing the synthesis of uterine prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) which is centrally involved in the control of the bovine oestrous cycle and in early embryo survival. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of n-3 PUFA on uterine endometrial mRNA expression of key genes regulating PGF(2alpha) biosynthesis. Beef heifers were fed either a low (CON; n=10) or high (HIGH PUFA; n=10) n-3 PUFA diet for 45 days and endometrial tissues were harvested following slaughter. Following analysis, tissues within each dietary group were ranked on the basis of their PUFA concentrations and the highest (n=7) and lowest (n=7) within each of HIGH PUFA and CON, respectively, were used in gene expression studies. Endometrial n-3 PUFA concentrations were more than two-fold higher (P<0.05) and EPA concentrations alone more than seven-fold higher (P<0.01) in the HIGH PUFA than the CON group. Endometrial concentrations of arachidonic acid, were lower (P<0.001) in the tissues from HIGH PUFA than those from the CON group. Total RNA was isolated from all endometrial tissues and real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR conducted to compare the relative expression of 11 genes with known involvement in uterine biosynthesis of 2-series prostaglandins. Expression of mRNA for prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPAR alpha and delta was increased (P<0.05) while mRNA expression of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) was decreased (P=0.06) in the HIGH PUFA endometrial tissues. Expression of genes coding for the oxytocin receptor (OTR), phospholipase C (PLC), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), PGE(2) 9-ketoreductase (9-KPR), prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS), and the nuclear transcription factor, PPAR gamma was not different (P>0.05) between HIGH PUFA and CON tissues. Overall the results indicate that key genes regulating uterine PGF(2alpha) biosynthesis can be regulated by dietary inclusion of LC n-3 PUFA which may influence uterine function and embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Coyne
- Teagasc, Animal Production Research Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Derecka K, Sheldrick EL, Wathes DC, Abayasekara DRE, Flint APF. A PPAR-independent pathway to PUFA-induced COX-2 expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 287:65-71. [PMID: 18395968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) induce COX-2 in bovine endometrial stromal cells through activation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). We have investigated alternative (PPAR-independent) pathways to COX-2 induction using a reporter construct driven by a COX-2 gene promoter sequence lacking a PPAR response element. This construct was induced by PUFAs, but not by PPAR agonists. PPAR-independent reporter gene expression occurred 6h after PPAR-dependent induction of the endogenous COX-2 gene. In contrast to PPAR-dependent COX-2 induction, which is not affected by NF-kappaB inhibitors, the PPAR-independent pathway was blocked by the NF-kappaB inhibitor MG132 or following deletion of NF-kappaB sites in the COX-2 promoter. The PPAR-independent effect of PUFA was mimicked by the PKC activators 4beta-PMA and prostaglandin F(2alpha), but was not blocked by the PKC inhibitor RO318425. The results demonstrate a pathway to the induction of COX-2 by PUFAs requiring NF-kappaB but not PPAR or PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Derecka
- Division of Animal Physiology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK
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