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Impaired Inhibition by Avibactam and Resistance to the Ceftazidime-Avibactam Combination Due to the D 179Y Substitution in the KPC-2 β-Lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00451-17. [PMID: 28461318 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00451-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ceftazidime-avibactam antibiotic combination was recently shown to be at risk for the emergence of resistance under treatment. To gain insight into the underlying mechanism, we have analyzed the catalytic properties of a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase type 2 (KPC-2) β-lactamase harboring the D179Y substitution. We show that impaired inhibition by avibactam combined with significant residual activity for ceftazidime hydrolysis accounts for the resistance. In contrast, the D179Y substitution abolished the hydrolysis of aztreonam and imipenem, indicating that these drugs might provide therapeutic alternatives.
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2
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Ourghanlian C, Soroka D, Arthur M. Inhibition by Avibactam and Clavulanate of the β-Lactamases KPC-2 and CTX-M-15 Harboring the Substitution N 132G in the Conserved SDN Motif. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02510-16. [PMID: 28069651 PMCID: PMC5328567 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02510-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The substitution N132G in the SDN motif of class A β-lactamases from rapidly growing mycobacteria was previously shown to impair their inhibition by avibactam but to improve the stability of acyl-enzymes formed with clavulanate. The same substitution was introduced in KPC-2 and CTX-M-15 to assess its impact on β-lactamases from Enterobacteriaceae and evaluate whether it may lead to resistance to the ceftazidime-avibactam combination. Kinetic parameters for the inhibition of the β-lactamases by avibactam and clavulanate were determined by spectrophotometry using nitrocefin as the substrate. The substitution N132G impaired (>1,000-fold) the efficacy of carbamylation of KPC-2 and CTX-M-15 by avibactam. The substitution improved the inhibition of KPC-2 by clavulanate due to reduced deacylation, whereas the presence or absence of N132G resulted in the inhibition of CTX-M-15 by clavulanate. The hydrolysis of amoxicillin and nitrocefin by KPC-2 and CTX-M-15 was moderately affected by the substitution N132G, but that of ceftazidime, ceftaroline, and aztreonam was drastically reduced. Isogenic strains producing KPC-2 and CTX-M-15 were constructed to assess the impact of the substitution N132G on the antibacterial activities of β-lactam-inhibitor combinations. For amoxicillin, the substitution resulted in resistance and susceptibility for avibactam and clavulanate, respectively. For ceftazidime, ceftaroline, and aztreonam, the negative impact of the substitution on β-lactamase activity prevented resistance to the β-lactam-avibactam combinations. In conclusion, the N132G substitution has profound effects on the substrate and inhibition profiles of class A β-lactamases, which are largely conserved in distantly related enzymes. Fortunately, the substitution does not lead to resistance to the ceftazidime-avibactam combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Ourghanlian
- INSERM, U1138, LRMA, Equipe 12 du Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 1138, Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Daria Soroka
- INSERM, U1138, LRMA, Equipe 12 du Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 1138, Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Michel Arthur
- INSERM, U1138, LRMA, Equipe 12 du Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 1138, Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
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3
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Wang D, Chen J, Yang L, Mou Y, Yang Y. Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the KPC variants, KPC-2 and its recently discovered variant KPC-15. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111491. [PMID: 25360633 PMCID: PMC4216079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen different variants (KPC-2 to KPC-17) in the KPC family have been reported, and most current studies are focusing on KPC-2 and KPC-3. The KPC-15 variant, which isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese hospital, was a recently discovered KPC enzyme. To compare the characteristics of KPC-15 and KPC-2, the variants were determined by susceptibility testing, PCR amplification and sequencing, and study of kinetic parameters. The strain harboring the KPC-15 showed resistance to 18 conventional antimicrobial agents, especially to cabapenem antibiotics, and the strain involving the KPC-2 also indicated resistance to cabapenem antibiotics, but both strains were susceptible to polymyxin B and colistin. The conjugation experiments showed that the changes of MIC values to the antibiotics were due to the transferred plasmids. The differences of amino acids were characterised at sites of 119 leucine and 146 lysine with KPC-15 and KPC-2. The minimum evolution tree indicated the KPC alleles evolution, and showed that the KPC-15 appeared to be homogenous with KPC-4 closely. Steady-state kinetic parameters showed the catalytic efficiency of KPC-15 was higher than that of KPC-2 for all tested antibiotics in this study. The catalytic efficiency of KPC-15 caused resistance to β-lactam antibiotics was higher than that of KPC-2. Meanwhile, an evolutionary transformation changed KPC from an efficient carbapenemase to its variants (KPC-15) with better ceftazidimase catalytic efficiency, and the old antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin might play a role in the therapy for multi-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Lab Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University and the Institute of Molecular Diagnostics of Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Lab Medicine, Medical School and the Institute of Molecular Diagnostics of Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghua Mou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Quality Control, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Characterization of the inhibitor-resistant SHV β-lactamase SHV-107 in a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strain coproducing GES-7 enzyme. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:1042-6. [PMID: 22083476 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01444-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae INSRA6884 strain exhibited nonsusceptibility to all penicillins tested (MICs of 64 to >2,048 μg/ml). The MICs of penicillins were weakly reduced by clavulanate (from 2,048 to 512 μg/ml), and tazobactam restored piperacillin susceptibility. Molecular characterization identified the genes bla(GES-7) and a new β-lactamase gene, bla(SHV-107), which encoded an enzyme that differed from SHV-1 by the amino acid substitutions Leu35Gln and Thr235Ala. The SHV-107-producing Escherichia coli strain exhibited only a β-lactam resistance phenotype with respect to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate combination. The kinetic parameters of the purified SHV-107 enzyme revealed a high affinity for penicillins. However, catalytic efficiency for these antibiotics was lower for SHV-107 than for SHV-1. No hydrolysis was detected against oxyimino-β-lactams. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for clavulanic acid was 9-fold higher for SHV-107 than for SHV-1, but the inhibitory effects of tazobactam were unchanged. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that the Thr235Ala substitution affects the accommodation of clavulanate in the binding site and therefore its inhibitory activity.
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5
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Sauvage E, Zervosen A, Dive G, Herman R, Amoroso A, Joris B, Fonzé E, Pratt RF, Luxen A, Charlier P, Kerff F. Structural basis of the inhibition of class A beta-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins by 6-beta-iodopenicillanate. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:15262-9. [PMID: 19919161 DOI: 10.1021/ja9051526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
6-Beta-halogenopenicillanates are powerful, irreversible inhibitors of various beta-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins. Upon acylation of these enzymes, the inhibitors are thought to undergo a structural rearrangement associated with the departure of the iodide and formation of a dihydrothiazine ring, but, to date, no structural evidence has proven this. 6-Beta-iodopenicillanic acid (BIP) is shown here to be an active antibiotic against various bacterial strains and an effective inhibitor of the class A beta-lactamase of Bacillus subtilis BS3 (BS3) and the D,D-peptidase of Actinomadura R39 (R39). Crystals of BS3 and of R39 were soaked with a solution of BIP and their structures solved at 1.65 and 2.2 A, respectively. The beta-lactam and the thiazolidine rings of BIP are indeed found to be fused into a dihydrothiazine ring that can adopt two stable conformations at these active sites. The rearranged BIP is observed in one conformation in the BS3 active site and in two monomers of the asymmetric unit of R39, and is observed in the other conformation in the other two monomers of the asymmetric unit of R39. The BS3 structure reveals a new mode of carboxylate interaction with a class A beta-lactamase active site that should be of interest in future inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sauvage
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines and Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium.
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6
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Inhibitor resistance in the KPC-2 beta-lactamase, a preeminent property of this class A beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 54:890-7. [PMID: 20008772 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00693-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As resistance determinants, KPC beta-lactamases demonstrate a wide substrate spectrum that includes carbapenems, oxyimino-cephalosporins, and cephamycins. In addition, clinical strains harboring KPC-type beta-lactamases are often identified as resistant to standard beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations in susceptibility testing. The KPC-2 carbapenemase presents a significant clinical challenge, as the mechanistic bases for KPC-2-associated phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate resistance by KPC-2 to beta-lactamase inhibitors by determining that clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are hydrolyzed by KPC-2 with partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios, where kinact is the rate constant of enzyme inactivation) of 2,500, 1,000, and 500, respectively. Methylidene penems that contain an sp2-hybridized C3 carboxylate and a bicyclic R1 side chain (dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3]thiazole [penem 1] and dihydropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazine [penem 2]) are potent inhibitors: Km of penem 1, 0.06+/-0.01 microM, and Km of penem 2, 0.006+/-0.001 microM. We also demonstrate that penems 1 and 2 are mechanism-based inactivators, having partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios) of 250 and 50, respectively. To understand the mechanism of inhibition by these penems, we generated molecular representations of both inhibitors in the active site of KPC-2. These models (i) suggest that penem 1 and penem 2 interact differently with active site residues, with the carbonyl of penem 2 being positioned outside the oxyanion hole and in a less favorable position for hydrolysis than that of penem 1, and (ii) support the kinetic observations that penem 2 is the better inhibitor (kinact/Km=6.5+/-0.6 microM(-1) s(-1)). We conclude that KPC-2 is unique among class A beta-lactamases in being able to readily hydrolyze clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. In contrast, penem-type beta-lactamase inhibitors, by exhibiting unique active site chemistry, may serve as an important scaffold for future development and offer an attractive alternative to our current beta-lactamase inhibitors.
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7
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De Meester F, Frère JM, Piette JL, Vanderhaeghe H. Synthesis of (β-methyl3H-6β-iodopenicillanic acid. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580220502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Vilar M, Galleni M, Solmajer T, Turk B, Frère JM, Matagne A. Kinetic study of two novel enantiomeric tricyclic beta-lactams which efficiently inactivate class C beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2215-23. [PMID: 11451677 PMCID: PMC90634 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.8.2215-2223.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed kinetic study of the interaction between two ethylidene derivatives of tricyclic carbapenems, Lek 156 and Lek 157, and representative beta-lactamases and D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidases (DD-peptidases) is presented. Both compounds are very efficient inactivators of the Enterobacter cloacae 908R beta-lactamase, which is usually resistant to inhibition. Preliminary experiments indicate that various extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamases (ACT-1, CMY-1, and MIR-1) are also inactivated. With the E. cloacae 908R enzyme, complete inactivation occurs with a second-order rate constant, k(2)/K', of 2 x 10(4) to 4 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), and reactivation is very slow, with a half-life of >1 h. Accordingly, Lek 157 significantly decreases the MIC of ampicillin for E. cloacae P99, a constitutive class C beta-lactamase overproducer. With the other serine beta-lactamases tested, the covalent adducts exhibit a wide range of stabilities, with half-lives ranging from long (>4 h with the TEM-1 class A enzyme), to medium (10 to 20 min with the OXA-10 class D enzyme), to short (0.2 to 0.4 s with the NmcA class A beta-lactamase). By contrast, both carbapenems behave as good substrates of the Bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamase (class B). The Streptomyces sp. strain R61 and K15 extracellular DD-peptidases exhibit low levels of sensitivity to both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vilar
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de Chimie, Belgium
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9
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Duez C, Vanhove M, Gallet X, Bouillenne F, Docquier J, Brans A, Frère J. Purification and characterization of PBP4a, a new low-molecular-weight penicillin-binding protein from Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:1595-9. [PMID: 11160090 PMCID: PMC95044 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.5.1595-1599.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillin-binding protein 4a (PBP4a) from Bacillus subtilis was overproduced and purified to homogeneity. It clearly exhibits DD-carboxypeptidase and thiolesterase activities in vitro. Although highly isologous to the Actinomadura sp. strain R39 DD-peptidase (B. Granier, C. Duez, S. Lepage, S. Englebert, J. Dusart, O. Dideberg, J. van Beeumen, J. M. Frère, and J. M. Ghuysen, Biochem. J. 282:781-788, 1992), which is rapidly inactivated by many beta-lactams, PBP4a is only moderately sensitive to these compounds. The second-order rate constant (k(2)/K) for the acylation of the essential serine by benzylpenicillin is 300,000 M(-1) s(-1) for the Actinomadura sp. strain R39 peptidase, 1,400 M(-1) s(-1) for B. subtilis PBP4a, and 7,000 M(-1) s(-1) for Escherichia coli PBP4, the third member of this class of PBPs. Cephaloridine, however, efficiently inactivates PBP4a (k(2)/K = 46,000 M(-1) s(-1)). PBP4a is also much more thermostable than the R39 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Duez
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines and Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Institut de Chimie, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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10
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Perilli M, Felici A, Oratore A, Cornaglia G, Bonfiglio G, Rossolini GM, Amicosante G. Characterization of the chromosomal cephalosporinases produced by Acinetobacter lwoffii and Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:715-9. [PMID: 8851599 PMCID: PMC163186 DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.3.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-lactamases produced by Acinetobacter lwoffii ULA-501, Acinetobacter baumannii ULA-187, and A. baumannii AC-14 strains were purified and characterized, and their kinetic interactions with several beta-lactam molecules, including substrates and inhibitors, were studied in detail. The three enzymes appeared to be cephalosporinases with different acylation efficiencies (kcat/Km ratio values), and their hydrolytic activities were inhibited by benzylpenicillin, piperacillin, and cefotaxime, which did not behave as substrates. Carbenicillin was a substrate for the beta-lactamase from A. lwoffii ULA-501, whereas it acted as a transient inactivator of the enzymes produced by the two A. baumannii strains. Clavulanic acid was unable to inactivate the three beta-lactamases, whereas sulbactam behaved as an inactivator only at a high concentration (1 mM) which is difficult to achieve during antibiotic therapy. Analysis of the interaction with 6-beta-iodopenicillanic acid also allowed us to better discriminate the three beta-lactamases analyzed in the present study, which can be included in the group 1 functional class (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche e di Biometria, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy
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11
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Felici A, Perilli M, Segatore B, Franceschini N, Setacci D, Oratore A, Stefani S, Galleni M, Amicosante G. Interactions of biapenem with active-site serine and metallo-beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:1300-5. [PMID: 7574520 PMCID: PMC162731 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.6.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biapenem, formerly LJC 10,627 or L-627, a carbapenem antibiotic, was studied in its interactions with 12 beta-lactamases belonging to the four molecular classes proposed by R. P. Ambler (Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci. 289:321-331, 1980). Kinetic parameters were determined. Biapenem was readily inactivated by metallo-beta-lactamases but behaved as a transient inhibitor of the active-site serine enzymes tested, although with different acylation efficiency values. Class A and class D beta-lactamases were unable to confer in vitro resistance toward this carbapenem antibiotic. Surprisingly, the same situation was found in the case of class B enzymes from Aeromonas hydrophila AE036 and Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 when expressed in Escherichia coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Felici
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche e di Biometria, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy
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12
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Felici A, Amicosante G. Kinetic analysis of extension of substrate specificity with Xanthomonas maltophilia, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:192-9. [PMID: 7695305 PMCID: PMC162508 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.1.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty beta-lactam molecules, including penicillins, cephalosporins, penems, carbapenems, and monobactams, were investigated as potential substrates for Xanthomonas maltophilia ULA-511, Aeromonas hydrophila AE036, and Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 metallo-beta-lactamases. A detailed analysis of the kinetic parameters examined confirmed these enzymes to be broad-spectrum beta-lactamases with different ranges of catalytic efficiency. Cefoxitin and moxalactam, substrates for the beta-lactamases from X. maltophilia ULA-511 and B. cereus 5/B/6, behaved as inactivators of the A. hydrophila AE036 metallo-beta-lactamase, which appeared to be unique among the enzymes tested in this study. In addition, we report a new, faster, and reliable purification procedure for the B. cereus 5/B/6 metallo-beta-lactamase, cloned in Escherichia coli HB101.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Felici
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche e di Biometria, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy
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13
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Matagne A, Ledent P, Monnaie D, Felici A, Jamin M, Raquet X, Galleni M, Klein D, François I, Frère JM. Kinetic study of interaction between BRL 42715, beta-lactamases, and D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:227-31. [PMID: 7695311 PMCID: PMC162513 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.1.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed kinetic study of the interactions between BRL 42715, a beta-lactamase-inhibiting penem, and various beta-lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) and D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidases (DD-peptidases, EC 3.4.16.4) is presented. The compound was a very efficient inactivator of all active-site serine beta-lactamases but was hydrolyzed by the class B, Zn(2+)-containing enzymes, with very different kcat values. Inactivation of the Streptomyces sp. strain R61 extracellular DD-peptidase was not observed, and the Actinomadura sp. strain R39 DD-peptidase exhibited a low level of sensitivity to the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matagne
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
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14
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Danelon GO, Laborde M, Mascaretti OA, Boggio SB, Roveri OA. Synthesis and beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of 6-fluoropenicillanic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 1993; 1:447-55. [PMID: 8087566 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The benzyl 6-fluoro-penicillanate sulfides 4a, 6a, 7a; and sulfones 6c, 7d were synthesized. The conversion to their free acids 4b, 6b, 6d, 7b, 7e and potassium salts 7c, 7f are described. These acids and salt 7c were evaluated as beta-lactamase inhibitors using beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus. The data indicate that substitution of the 6 alpha-hydrogen by a 6 alpha-fluorine atom on 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid (1), leads to loss of beta-lactamase inhibitory activity. In the case of the isomers 6 beta- and 6 alpha-fluoropenicillanic acids the 6 beta-enantiomer proved to be considerably more potent. Potassium salts of 6 beta-fluoropenicillanate sulfide and sulfone were unstable in solid state and in water solution. The fragmentation of the sulfone in two parts in water solution is consistent with the hydrolytic behavior to the penicillanic acid sulfone (2) with 0.5 N NaOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Danelon
- Instituto de Química Orgánica de Síntesis (CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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15
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Matagne A, Ghuysen MF, Frère JM. Interactions between active-site-serine beta-lactamases and mechanism-based inactivators: a kinetic study and an overview. Biochem J 1993; 295 ( Pt 3):705-11. [PMID: 8240281 PMCID: PMC1134617 DOI: 10.1042/bj2950705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between three class A beta-lactamases and three beta-lactamase inactivators (clavulanic acid, sulbactam and olivanic acid MM13902) were studied. Interestingly, the interaction between the Streptomyces cacaoi beta-lactamase and clavulanate indicated little irreversible inactivation. With sulbactam, irreversible inactivation was found to occur with the three studied enzymes, but no evidence for transiently inactivated adducts was found. Irreversible inactivation of the S. albus G and S. cacaoi enzymes was particularly slow. With olivanate, irreversible inactivation was also observed with the three enzymes, but with the S. cacaoi enzyme, no hydrolysis could be detected. A tentative summary of the results found in the literature is also presented (including 6 beta-halogenopenicillanates), and the general conclusions underline the diversity of the mechanisms and the wide variations of the rate constants observed when class A beta-lactamases interact with beta-lactamase inactivators, in agreement with the behaviours of the same enzymes towards their good and poor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matagne
- Laboratorie d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium
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16
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Abstract
The hydrolysis time courses of 22 beta-lactam antibiotics by the class D OXA2 beta-lactamase were studied. Among these, only three appeared to correspond to the integrated Henri-Michaelis equation. 'Burst' kinetics, implying branched pathways, were observed with most penicillins, cephalosporins and with flomoxef and imipenem. Kinetic parameters characteristic of the different phases of the hydrolysis were determined for some substrates. Mechanisms generally accepted to explain such reversible partial inactivations involving branches at either the free enzyme or the acyl-enzyme were inadequate to explain the enzyme behaviour. The hydrolysis of imipenem was characterized by the occurrence of two 'bursts', and that of nitrocefin by a partial substrate-induced inactivation complicated by a competitive inhibition by the hydrolysis product.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ledent
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
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17
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Matagne A, Lamotte-Brasseur J, Frère JM. Interactions between active-site serine beta-lactamases and so-called beta-lactamase-stable antibiotics. Kinetic and molecular modelling studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 217:61-7. [PMID: 8223587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between imipenem and four monobactams and three class A beta-lactamases have been studied in detail. Despite their reputation as being beta-lactamase-stable, some of these compounds were significantly hydrolysed by the enzymes. The results obtained with the Streptomyces albus G beta-lactamase have been analysed in the light of molecular modelling studies. The discussion is extended to include other so-called beta-lactamase-stable antibiotics to demonstrate that this appellation can often be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matagne
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
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18
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Ledent P, Raquet X, Joris B, Van Beeumen J, Frère JM. A comparative study of class-D beta-lactamases. Biochem J 1993; 292 ( Pt 2):555-62. [PMID: 8389139 PMCID: PMC1134246 DOI: 10.1042/bj2920555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Three class-D beta-lactamases (OXA2, OXA1 and PSE2) were produced and purified to protein homogeneity. 6 beta-Iodopenicillanate inactivated the OXA2 enzyme without detectable turnover. Labelling of the same beta-lactamase with 6 beta-iodo[3H]penicillanate allowed the identification of Ser-70 as the active-site serine residue. In agreement with previous reports, the apparent M(r) of the OXA2 enzyme as determined by molecular-sieve filtration, was significantly higher than that deduced from the gene sequence, but this was not due to an equilibrium between a monomer and a dimer. The heterogeneity of the OXA2 beta-lactamase on ion-exchange chromatography contrasted with the similarity of the catalytic properties of the various forms. A first overview of the enzymic properties of the three 'oxacillinases' is presented. With the OXA2 enzyme, 'burst' kinetics, implying branched pathways, seemed to prevail with many substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ledent
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
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19
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Abstract
The kinetics of a branched-pathway mechanism for a simple enzymic reaction were studied. In this mechanism there is reversible formation of an inactive form of the second complex along the pathway. This substrate-induced inactivation typically results in the progress curve showing a burst. Three parameters can be obtained from the progress curve: the initial rate, the final rate and the rate constant characterizing the transient. The rate constant for the conversion of the inactive form of the complex into the active form can be obtained either from these parameters or by measuring the regain of enzymic activity. The partition ratio can also be obtained from the three parameters; this is the ratio of the rate of conversion of complex into product to the rate of conversion of complex into inactive form. Simulations give guidance to the conditions required for accurate determinations of the rate constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Waley
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, University of Oxford, U.K
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20
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Jacob F, Joris B, Frère JM. Active-site serine mutants of the Streptomyces albus G beta-lactamase. Biochem J 1991; 277 ( Pt 3):647-52. [PMID: 1908220 PMCID: PMC1151291 DOI: 10.1042/bj2770647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
By using site-directed mutagenesis, the active-site serine residue of the Streptomyces albus G beta-lactamase was substituted by alanine and cysteine. Both mutant enzymes were produced in Streptomyces lividans and purified to homogeneity. The cysteine beta-lactamase exhibited a substrate-specificity profile distinct from that of the wild-type enzyme, and its kcat./Km values at pH 7 were never higher than 0.1% of that of the serine enzyme. Unlike the wild-type enzyme, the activity of the mutant increased at acidic pH values. Surprisingly, the alanine mutant exhibited a weak but specific activity for benzylpenicillin and ampicillin. In addition, a very small production of wild-type enzyme, probably due to mistranslation, was detected, but that activity could be selectively eliminated. Both mutant enzymes were nearly as thermostable as the wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jacob
- Centre d'lngénierie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Belgium
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21
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Jacob F, Joris B, Lepage S, Dusart J, Frère JM. Role of the conserved amino acids of the 'SDN' loop (Ser130, Asp131 and Asn132) in a class A beta-lactamase studied by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem J 1990; 271:399-406. [PMID: 2173561 PMCID: PMC1149568 DOI: 10.1042/bj2710399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ser130, Asp131 and Asn132 ('SDN') are highly conserved residues in class A beta-lactamases forming one wall of the active-site cavity. All three residues of the SDN loop in Streptomyces albus G beta-lactamase were modified by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant proteins were expressed in Streptomyces lividans, purified from culture supernatants and their kinetic parameters were determined for several substrates. Ser130 was substituted by Asn, Ala and Gly. The first modification yielded an almost totally inactive protein, whereas the smaller-side-chain mutants (A and G) retained some activity, but were less stable than the wild-type enzyme. Ser130 might thus be involved in maintaining the structure of the active-site cavity. Mutations of Asp131 into Glu and Gly proved to be highly detrimental to enzyme stability, reflecting significant structural perturbations. Mutation of Asn132 into Ala resulted in a dramatically decreased enzymic activity (more than 100-fold) especially toward cephalosporin substrates, kcat. being the most affected parameter, which would indicate a role of Asn132 in transition-state stabilization rather than in ground-state binding. Comparison of the N132A and the previously described N132S mutant enzymes underline the importance of an H-bond-forming residue at position 132 for the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jacob
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
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22
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De Meester F, Matagne A, Dive G, Frère JM. Unexpected influence of ionic strength on branched-pathway interactions between beta-lactamases and beta-halogenopenicillanates. Biochem J 1989; 257:245-9. [PMID: 2537624 PMCID: PMC1135562 DOI: 10.1042/bj2570245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionic strength strongly influenced the turnover/inactivation ratio in the interaction between beta-halogenopenicillanates and some class A beta-lactamases. This suggested the stabilization of a highly charged intermediate by solvation. Those data could be interpreted on the basis of a reaction pathway where an episulphonium ion was transiently formed. The various mechanisms proposed for explaining the formation of the dihydrothiazine chromophore are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Meester
- Laboratoires de Microbiologie et d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
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23
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Amicosante G, Oratore A, Joris B, Galleni M, Frère JM, Van Beeumen J. Chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases of Citrobacter diversus. Interaction with beta-iodopenicillanate and labelling of the active site. Biochem J 1988; 254:891-3. [PMID: 2848500 PMCID: PMC1135166 DOI: 10.1042/bj2540891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Both forms of the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase of Citrobacter diversus react with beta-iodopenicillanate at a rate characteristic of class A beta-lactamases. The active site of form I was labelled with the same reagent. The sequence of the peptide obtained after trypsin hydrolysis is identical with that of a peptide obtained in a similar manner from the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amicosante
- Università degli Studi dell'Aquila Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche e di Biometria, Italy
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24
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De Meester F, Joris B, Lenzini MV, Dehottay P, Erpicium T, Dusart J, Klein D, Ghuysen JM, Frère JM, Van Beeumen J. The active sites of the beta-lactamases of Streptomyces cacaoi and Streptomyces albus G. Biochem J 1987; 244:427-32. [PMID: 2822004 PMCID: PMC1148008 DOI: 10.1042/bj2440427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The active-site serine of the extracellular beta-lactamases of Streptomyces cacaoi and Streptomyces albus G has been labelled with beta-iodopenicillanate. The determination of the sequence of the labelled peptides obtained after trypsin digestion of the denatured proteins indicate both enzymes to be class A beta-lactamases. Surprisingly the two Streptomyces enzymes do not appear to be especially homologous, and none of them exhibited a high degree of homology with the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase. Our data confirm that, as a family of homologous enzymes, class A is rather heterogeneous, with only a small number of conserved residues in all members of the class.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Meester
- Laboratoires de Microbiologie et d'Enzymologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
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25
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Joris B, Jacques P, Frère JM, Ghuysen JM, Van Beeumen J. Primary structure of the Streptomyces R61 extracellular DD-peptidase. 2. Amino acid sequence data. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 162:519-24. [PMID: 3030739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to confirm the Streptomyces codon usage, the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase was fragmented by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the carboxymethylated protein, trypsin digestion of the carboxymethylated protein and trypsin digestion of the protein treated with beta-iodopenicillinate and endoxo-delta 4-tetrahydrophthalic acid. The isolated peptides, which altogether represented more than 50% of the polypeptide chain, were sequenced. The data thus obtained were in excellent agreement with the primary structure of the protein as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene. Though a weak acylating agent, beta-iodopenicillanate reacted selectively with the active site of the DD-peptidase and formed an adduct which mas much more stable than that formed with benzylpenicillin, thus facilitating the isolation and characterization of the active-site peptide.
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26
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De Meester F, Frère JM, Waley SG, Cartwright SJ, Virden R, Lindberg F. 6-beta-Iodopenicillanate as a probe for the classification of beta-lactamases. Biochem J 1986; 239:575-80. [PMID: 3030266 PMCID: PMC1147325 DOI: 10.1042/bj2390575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An inactivator of serine beta-lactamases, 6 beta-iodopenicillanate, can be utilized as a probe in the classification of beta-lactamases. It is a substrate for class-B Zn2+-containing beta-lactamase II. Although it inactivates enzymes from both classes A and C, it is much more efficient for the former group, with which it sometimes interacts following a branched pathway. On the basis of these observations, predictions are made concerning the class to which several enzymes belong.
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27
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Dehottay P, Dusart J, Duez C, Lenzini MV, Martial JA, Frère JM, Ghuysen JM, Kieser T. Cloning and amplified expression in Streptomyces lividans of a gene encoding extracellular beta-lactamase from Streptomyces albus G. Gene X 1986; 42:31-6. [PMID: 3013728 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 4.9-kb DNA fragment containing the bla gene for the extracellular beta-lactamase (BLA) of Streptomyces albus G was cloned in Streptomyces lividans using the conjugative, low-copy-number plasmid pIJ61 as vector. No expression of bla was observed when this DNA fragment was introduced into Escherichia coli HB101 on a plasmid vector. A 1.5-kb PstI-SstI fragment containing the bla gene was cloned in S. lividans on the nonconjugative, high-copy-number plasmid pIJ702. A tenfold higher yield of BLA was obtained from S. lividans carrying this plasmid than from S. albus G grown under optimal production conditions. The BLA from the clone reacts with beta-iodopenicillanate according to a branched pathway which is characteristic of the original S. albus G BLA enzyme.
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28
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29
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The beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99. Chemical properties, N-terminal sequence and interaction with 6 beta-halogenopenicillanates. Biochem J 1985; 228:241-8. [PMID: 2988516 PMCID: PMC1144975 DOI: 10.1042/bj2280241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99 consists of one polypeptide chain of Mr 39000 devoid of disulphide bridges and free thiol groups. It contains an unusually high proportion of tyrosine and tryptophan. The N-terminal sequence exhibits overlaps with the tryptic peptide obtained after labelling the active site with 6 beta-iodopenicillanate. The active-site serine residue is at position 64. The homology with the chromosomal beta-lactamase of Escherichia coli K 12 (ampC gene) is lower within the 25 residues of the N-terminal portion than around the active-site serine residue. The P99 beta-lactamase is inactivated by 6 beta-bromo- and 6 beta-iodo-penicillanate, with a second-order rate constant of 110-140M-1 X s-1 at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0, a value that is much lower than that observed with class-A beta-lactamases.
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30
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Lenzini MV, Frère JM. The beta-lactamase of Streptomyces cacaoi: interaction with cefoxitin and beta-iodopenicillanate. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 1985; 1:25-34. [PMID: 2854843 DOI: 10.3109/14756368509031279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cefoxitin was a very poor substrate for the beta-lactamase of Streptomyces cacaoi (kcat = 2.7 x 10(-4) s-1). In the presence of nitrocefin, a good substrate, cefoxitin behaved as a transient inactivator by immobilizing a large proportion of the enzyme as the acyl enzyme intermediate. The enzyme was also inactivated by beta-iodopenicillanate. In this case, the acyl enzyme rearranged into an alpha-beta unsaturated ester and inactivation was irreversible. In contrast to the situation prevailing with the Streptomyces albus G beta-lactamase, no turn-over of beta-iodopenicillanate was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Lenzini
- Service de Microbiologie, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium
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31
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Charlier P, Dideberg O, Jamoulle JC, Frère JM, Ghuysen JM, Dive G, Lamotte-Brasseur J. Active-site-directed inactivators of the Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces albus G. Biochem J 1984; 219:763-72. [PMID: 6743245 PMCID: PMC1153542 DOI: 10.1042/bj2190763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several types of active-site-directed inactivators (inhibitors) of the Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase were tested. (i) Among the heavy-atom-containing compounds examined, K2Pt(C2O4)2 inactivates the enzyme with a second-order rate constant of about 6 X 10(-2)M-1 X S-1 and has only one binding site located close to the Zn2+ cofactor within the enzyme active site. (ii) Several compounds possessing both a C-terminal carboxylate function and, at the other end of the molecule, a thiol, hydroxamate or carboxylate function were also examined. 3-Mercaptopropionate (racemic) and 3-mercaptoisobutyrate (L-isomer) inhibit the enzyme competitively with a Ki value of 5 X 10 X 10(-9)M. (iii) Classical beta-lactam compounds have a very weak inhibitory potency. Depending on the structure of the compounds, enzyme inhibition may be competitive (and binding occurs to the active site) or non-competitive (and binding causes disruption of the protein crystal lattice). (iv) 6-beta-Iodopenicillanate inactivates the enzyme in a complex way. At high beta-lactam concentrations, the pseudo-first-order rate constant of enzyme inactivation has a limit value of 7 X 10(-4)S-1 X 6-beta-Iodopenicillanate binds to the active site just in front of the Zn2+ cofactor and superimposes histidine-190, suggesting that permanent enzyme inactivation is by reaction with this latter residue.
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32
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Frère JM, Klein D, Kelly JA, Ghuysen JM. Interaction between monobactams and model d-alanyl-d-alanine-cleaving peptidases. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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