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Chen C, Fu R, Wang J, Li X, Chen X, Li Q, Lu D. Genome sequence and transcriptome profiles of pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces penicillatus reveal its interactions with edible fungus Morchella importuna. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2607-2617. [PMID: 34025947 PMCID: PMC8120865 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paecilomyces penicillatus is one of the pathogens of morels, which greatly affects the yield and quality of Morchella spp.. In the present study, we de novo assembled the genome sequence of the fungus P. penicillatus SAAS_ppe1. We analyzed the transcriptional profile of P. penicillatus SAAS_ppe1 infection of Morchella importuna at different stages (3 days and 6 days after infection) and the response of M. importuna using the transcriptome. The assembled genome sequence of P. penicillatus SAAS_ppe1 was 39.78 Mb in length (11 scaffolds; scaffold N50, 6.50 Mb), in which 99.7% of the expected genes were detected. A total of 7.48% and 19.83% clean transcriptional reads from the infected sites were mapped to the P. penicillatus genome at the early and late stages of infection, respectively. There were 3,943 genes differently expressed in P. penicillatus at different stages of infection, of which 24 genes had increased expression with the infection and infection stage, including diphthamide biosynthesis, aldehyde reductase, and NAD (P)H-hydrate epimerase (P < 0.05). Several genes had variable expression trends at different stages of infection, indicating P. penicillatus had diverse regulation patterns to infect M. importuna. GO function, involving cellular components, and KEGG pathways, involving glycerolipid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction were significantly enriched during infection by P. penicillatus. The expression of ten genes in M. importuna increased during the infection and infection stage, and these may regulate the response of M. importuna to P. penicillatus infection. This is the first comprehensive study on P. penicillatus infection mechanism and M. importuna response mechanism, which will lay a foundation for understanding the fungus-fungus interactions, gene functions, and variety breeding of pathogenic and edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rongtao Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Daihua Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, PR China
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Zhu C, Zhang M, Tang Q, Yang Q, Li J, He X, Ye Y. Structure and Activity of the Camellia oleifera Sapogenin Derivatives on Growth and Biofilm Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:14143-14151. [PMID: 31469956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sapogenin is the main block of Camellia oleifera saponin, which was purified and structurally modified by the C28 acylation reaction to synthesize 19 new derivatives. The growth and biofilm inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was measured to evaluate their antibacterial effects. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) assay indicated that the antibacterial activities were significantly enhanced after sapogenin was modified with an aromatic ring or heterocyclic ring and electron-withdrawing substituents at the meta or para position. Among them, the derivative of sapogenin with a 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl acetyl group obviously destroyed bacterial biofilm and made bacteria lysis. 3D-QSAR provides practical information for the structural design of sapogenin derivatives with strong antibacterial activity, and the C. oleifera sapogenin derivative 28-O-(2-mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl)-3β,16α,21β,22α-O-tetrahydroxy-oleantel-2-ene-23-aldehyde (S-16) is an effective candidate as an antibacterial agent for the prevention of bacterial resistance against antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan He
- Gannan Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development , Ganzhou , Jiangxi 341000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
- Gannan Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center for Gannan Oil-Tea Camellia Industrial Development , Ganzhou , Jiangxi 341000 , People's Republic of China
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Bonin P, Groisillier A, Raimbault A, Guibert A, Boyen C, Tonon T. Molecular and biochemical characterization of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from the model brown alga Ectocarpus sp. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:509-520. [PMID: 26232554 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sugar alcohol mannitol is important in the food, pharmaceutical, medical and chemical industries. It is one of the most commonly occurring polyols in nature, with the exception of Archaea and animals. It has a range of physiological roles, including as carbon storage, compatible solute, and osmolyte. Mannitol is present in large amounts in brown algae, where its synthesis involved two steps: a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (M1PDH) catalyzes a reversible reaction between fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and mannitol-1-phosphate (M1P) (EC 1.1.1.17), and a mannitol-1-phosphatase hydrolyzes M1P to mannitol (EC 3.1.3.22). Analysis of the model brown alga Ectocarpus sp. genome provided three candidate genes for M1PDH activities. We report here the sequence analysis of Ectocarpus M1PDHs (EsM1PDHs), and the biochemical characterization of the recombinant catalytic domain of EsM1PDH1 (EsM1PDH1cat). Ectocarpus M1PDHs are representatives of a new type of modular M1PDHs among the polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (PSLDRs). The N-terminal domain of EsM1PDH1 was not necessary for enzymatic activity. Determination of kinetic parameters indicated that EsM1PDH1cat displayed higher catalytic efficiency for F6P reduction compared to M1P oxidation. Both activities were influenced by NaCl concentration and inhibited by the thioreactive compound pHMB. These observations were completed by measurement of endogenous M1PDH activity and of EsM1PDH gene expression during one diurnal cycle. No significant changes in enzyme activity were monitored between day and night, although transcription of two out of three genes was altered, suggesting different levels of regulation for this key metabolic pathway in brown algal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bonin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Agnès Groisillier
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Alice Raimbault
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Anaïs Guibert
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Boyen
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
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Jacobsen JH, Frigaard NU. Engineering of photosynthetic mannitol biosynthesis from CO2 in a cyanobacterium. Metab Eng 2013; 21:60-70. [PMID: 24269997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
D-Mannitol (hereafter denoted mannitol) is used in the medical and food industry and is currently produced commercially by chemical hydrogenation of fructose or by extraction from seaweed. Here, the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was genetically modified to photosynthetically produce mannitol from CO2 as the sole carbon source. Two codon-optimized genes, mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD) from Escherichia coli and mannitol-1-phosphatase (mlp) from the protozoan chicken parasite Eimeria tenella, in combination encoding a biosynthetic pathway from fructose-6-phosphate to mannitol, were expressed in the cyanobacterium resulting in accumulation of mannitol in the cells and in the culture medium. The mannitol biosynthetic genes were expressed from a single synthetic operon inserted into the cyanobacterial chromosome by homologous recombination. The mannitol biosynthesis operon was constructed using a novel uracil-specific excision reagent (USER)-based polycistronic expression system characterized by ligase-independent, directional cloning of the protein-encoding genes such that the insertion site was regenerated after each cloning step. Genetic inactivation of glycogen biosynthesis increased the yield of mannitol presumably by redirecting the metabolic flux to mannitol under conditions where glycogen normally accumulates. A total mannitol yield equivalent to 10% of cell dry weight was obtained in cell cultures synthesizing glycogen while the yield increased to 32% of cell dry weight in cell cultures deficient in glycogen synthesis; in both cases about 75% of the mannitol was released from the cells into the culture medium by an unknown mechanism. The highest productivity was obtained in a glycogen synthase deficient culture that after 12 days showed a mannitol concentration of 1.1 g mannitol L(-1) and a production rate of 0.15 g mannitol L(-1) day(-1). This system may be useful for biosynthesis of valuable sugars and sugar derivatives from CO2 in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Niels-Ulrik Frigaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark.
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Otte S, Lengeler JW. The mtl genes and the mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae KAY2026. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 194:221-7. [PMID: 11164312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb09473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mtl operon of Klebsiella pneumoniae KAY2026 (formerly Aerobacter aerogenes 1033-5P14) was shown to contain as the promoter-proximal gene mtlA, encoding a D-mannitol-specific enzyme II transporter (IICBA(Mtl)). This gene is followed by mtlD, coding for a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (MtlD, 382 amino acid residues), and mtlR (MtlR, 195 amino acid residues) coding for a putative repressor, gene mtlR overlaps the termination codon of mtlD. The DNA and protein sequences are highly similar to the corresponding genes (81% identical bp) and proteins (79-85% identical amino acids) of Escherichia coli K-12. A truncated form of MtlD lacking the 162 C-terminal amino acid residues still shows 10% dehydrogenase activity which may explain the controversy in the literature concerning the properties of mannitol-phosphate and other medium-length dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Otte
- Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
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Pogge von Strandmann R, Weigt C, Fischer R, Meyer HE, Kalbitzer HR, Hengstenberg W. Expression, purification and characterization of the enzyme II mannitol-specific domain from Staphylococcus carnosus and determination of the active-site cysteine residue. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 233:116-22. [PMID: 7588734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.116_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The C-terminal B domain of mannitol-specific enzyme II (enzyme IIB) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system for mannitol from Staphylococcus carnosus was subcloned, purified and characterized. In Staphylococcal cells, mannitol-specific enzyme II is composed of a soluble A domain (EIIA) and a transmembrane C domain transporter with a fused enzyme IIB (IIB) domain. We purified large amounts of the IIB domain as an in-frame fusion with six histidine residues. Here, we show that the domain is stable and can be phosphorylated by phosphoenolpyruvate and the phosphotransferase components. It is a dimer over a wide range of pH values and salt conditions. Differences between the published nucleotide sequence data and the mass-spectroscopic data obtained with the purified protein lead to anewed nucleotide sequencing of the gene. Two errors in the original proposed sequence were found, the correction of the second error leading to a frame shift that adds 10 amino acids to the deduced amino acid sequence. The mass of the phosphorylated domain is 20,068 Da, 80 Da more than the mass of the unphosphorylated domain, therefore, no other residues, such as COOH side chains, are directly involved in an additional phosphate linkage concerning the IIB domain. 31P-NMR experiments as well as chemical modification proved that Cys429 is the phosphoamino acid. Titration of the phosphorylated domain during 31P-NMR did not lead to the typical shift for the protonation of the thiophosphate in the resonance spectrum. Thus, the thiophosphate remains in the twofold negatively charged state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pogge von Strandmann
- Arbeitsgruppe Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Abteilung Biologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Teschner W, Serre MC, Garel JR. Enzymatic properties, renaturation and metabolic role of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Biochimie 1990; 72:33-40. [PMID: 2111176 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(90)90170-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic properties, renaturation and metabolic role of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli, and its physicochemical and enzymatic properties were investigated. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain is 45,000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in denaturing conditions. High performance size exclusion chromatography gives an apparent molecular weight of 47,000 for the native enzyme, showing that D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase is a monomeric NAD-dependent dehydrogenase. D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase is rapidly denatured by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Non-superimposable transition curves for the loss of activity and the changes in fluorescence suggest the existence of a partially folded inactive intermediate. The protein can be fully renatured after complete unfolding, and the regain of both native fluorescence and activity occurs rapidly within a few seconds at pH 7.5 and 20 degrees C. Such a high rate of reactivation is unusual for a protein of this size. D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase is specific for mannitol-1-phosphate (or fructose-6-phosphate) as a substrate and NAD+ (or NADH) as a cofactor. Zinc is not required for the activity. The affinity of D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase for the reduced or oxidized form of its substrate or cofactor remains constant with pH. The affinity for NADH is 20-fold higher than for NAD+. The forward and reverse catalytic rate constants of the reaction: mannitol-1-phosphate + NAD+ in equilibrium fructose-6-phosphate + NADH have different pH dependences. The oxidation of mannitol-1-phosphate has an optimum pH of 9.5, while the reduction of fructose-6-phosphate has its maximum rate at pH 7.0. At pH values around neutrality the maximum rate of reduction of fructose-6-phosphate is much higher than that of oxidation of mannitol-1-phosphate. The enzymatic properties of isolated D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase are discussed in relation to the role of this enzyme in the intracellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Teschner
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie Centre, National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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Mann V, Large A, Khan S, Malik Z, Connock MJ. Aromatic alcohol oxidase: A new membrane-bound H2O2-generating enzyme in alimentary tissues of the slugArion ater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402510302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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