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Su G, Chen Y, Li X, Shao JW. Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1394510. [PMID: 38817972 PMCID: PMC11137263 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing dreadful losses to humans and animals around the globe. As is known, immune escape is a strategy that benefits the proliferation of IAVs by antagonizing, blocking, and suppressing immune surveillance. The HA protein binds to the sialic acid (SA) receptor to enter the cytoplasm and initiate viral infection. The conserved components of the viral genome produced during replication, known as the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are thought to be critical factors for the activation of effective innate immunity by triggering dependent signaling pathways after recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), followed by a cascade of adaptive immunity. Viral infection-induced immune responses establish an antiviral state in the host to effectively inhibit virus replication and enhance viral clearance. However, IAV has evolved multiple mechanisms that allow it to synthesize and transport viral components by "playing games" with the host. At its heart, this review will describe how host and viral factors interact to facilitate the viral evasion of host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Shao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Zhang Z, Jin H, Zhang X, Bai M, Zheng K, Tian J, Deng B, Mao L, Qiu P, Huang B. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences among COVID-19, influenza, and HIV on the regulation of gene expression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369311. [PMID: 38601162 PMCID: PMC11004287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a infectious disease, coexisting with widespread seasonal and sporadic influenza epidemics globally. Individuals living with HIV, characterized by compromised immune systems, face an elevated risk of severe outcomes and increased mortality when affected by COVID-19. Despite this connection, the molecular intricacies linking COVID-19, influenza, and HIV remain unclear. Our research endeavors to elucidate the shared pathways and molecular markers in individuals with HIV concurrently infected with COVID-19 and influenza. Furthermore, we aim to identify potential medications that may prove beneficial in managing these three interconnected illnesses. Methods Sequencing data for COVID-19 (GSE157103), influenza (GSE185576), and HIV (GSE195434) were retrieved from the GEO database. Commonly expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the three datasets, followed by immune infiltration analysis and diagnostic ROC analysis on the DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using GO/KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hub genes were screened through a Protein-Protein Interaction networks (PPIs) analysis among DEGs. Analysis of miRNAs, transcription factors, drug chemicals, diseases, and RNA-binding proteins was conducted based on the identified hub genes. Finally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) expression verification was undertaken for selected hub genes. Results The analysis of the three datasets revealed a total of 22 shared DEGs, with the majority exhibiting an area under the curve value exceeding 0.7. Functional enrichment analysis with GO/KEGG and GSEA primarily highlighted signaling pathways associated with ribosomes and tumors. The ten identified hub genes included IFI44L, IFI44, RSAD2, ISG15, IFIT3, OAS1, EIF2AK2, IFI27, OASL, and EPSTI1. Additionally, five crucial miRNAs (hsa-miR-8060, hsa-miR-6890-5p, hsa-miR-5003-3p, hsa-miR-6893-3p, and hsa-miR-6069), five essential transcription factors (CREB1, CEBPB, EGR1, EP300, and IRF1), and the top ten significant drug chemicals (estradiol, progesterone, tretinoin, calcitriol, fluorouracil, methotrexate, lipopolysaccharide, valproic acid, silicon dioxide, cyclosporine) were identified. Conclusion This research provides valuable insights into shared molecular targets, signaling pathways, drug chemicals, and potential biomarkers for individuals facing the complex intersection of COVID-19, influenza, and HIV. These findings hold promise for enhancing the precision of diagnosis and treatment for individuals with HIV co-infected with COVID-19 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Institute for Prevention and Control of Infection and Infectious Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Yingkou Central Hospital, Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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Yuan J, Pan J, Zhang X, Gao R. TRIM21 reduces H1N1-induced inflammation and apoptosis by regulating the TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway in A549 cells. Arch Virol 2024; 169:74. [PMID: 38480558 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Triple motif protein 21 (TRIM21) has an antiviral function that inhibits various viral infections. However, its role in the progress of influenza A virus (IAV) infection is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of TRIM21 in IAV infection. RT-qPCR was used to determine the level of TRIM21 mRNA, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The levels of the TRIM21, NP, TBK1, IRF3, p-TBK1, and p-IRF3 proteins were estimated by Western blot. The results showed that, after IAV infection, TRIM21 was upregulated in clinical patient serum and A549 cells, and this was correlated with the IFN response. Overexpression of TRIM21 reduced IAV replication and transcription in in vitro cell experiments. TRIM21 also increased IFN-α and IFN-β levels and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in A549 cells. In addition, overexpression of TRIM21 inhibited IAV-induced apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated that TBK1-IRF3 signaling was activated by TRIM21 and was involved in the inhibitory effect of TRIM21 on virus replication. In summary, our study suggests that TRIM21 inhibits viral replication by activating the TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway, further inhibiting the infection process of IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yuan
- Outpatient of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, No 69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianli Pan
- The Special Department, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Outpatient of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, No 69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Outpatient of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, No 69, Xiju Yuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
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Bauer AN, Majumdar N, Williams F, Rajput S, Pokhrel LR, Cook PP, Akula SM. MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1334. [PMID: 37887044 PMCID: PMC10604607 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans in 1993, the field of miRNA research has grown steeply. These single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules canonically work at the post-transcriptional phase to regulate protein expression. miRNAs are known to regulate viral infection and the ensuing host immune response. Evolving research suggests miRNAs are assets in the discovery and investigation of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we succinctly summarize the latest findings in (i) mechanisms underpinning miRNA regulation of viral infection, (ii) miRNA regulation of host immune response to viral pathogens, (iii) miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics targeting viral pathogens and challenges, and (iv) miRNA patents and the market landscape. Our findings show the differential expression of miRNA may serve as a prognostic biomarker for viral infections in regard to predicting the severity or adverse health effects associated with viral diseases. While there is huge market potential for miRNA technology, the novel approach of using miRNA mimics to enhance antiviral activity or antagonists to inhibit pro-viral miRNAs has been an ongoing research endeavor. Significant hurdles remain in terms of miRNA delivery, stability, efficacy, safety/tolerability, and specificity. Addressing these challenges may pave a path for harnessing the full potential of miRNAs in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais N. Bauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Niska Majumdar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Smit Rajput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Lok R. Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Paul P. Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
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Redenšek Trampuž S, Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Shared miRNA landscapes of COVID-19 and neurodegeneration confirm neuroinflammation as an important overlapping feature. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1123955. [PMID: 37008787 PMCID: PMC10064073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDevelopment and worsening of most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with COVID-19 However, the mechanisms associated with neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients and neurodegenerative sequelae are not clear. The interplay between gene expression and metabolite production in CNS is driven by miRNAs. These small non-coding molecules are dysregulated in most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19.MethodsWe have performed a thorough literature screening and database mining to search for shared miRNA landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurodegeneration. Differentially expressed miRNAs in COVID-19 patients were searched using PubMed, while differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with five most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) were searched using the Human microRNA Disease Database. Target genes of the overlapping miRNAs, identified with the miRTarBase, were used for the pathway enrichment analysis performed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome.ResultsIn total, 98 common miRNAs were found. Additionally, two of them (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-132) were highlighted as promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration, as they are dysregulated in all five most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Additionally, hsa-miR-155 was upregulated in four COVID-19 studies and found to be dysregulated in neurodegeneration processes as well. Screening for miRNA targets identified 746 unique genes with strong evidence for interaction. Target enrichment analysis highlighted most significant KEGG and Reactome pathways being involved in signaling, cancer, transcription and infection. However, the more specific identified pathways confirmed neuroinflammation as being the most important shared feature.DiscussionOur pathway based approach has identified overlapping miRNAs in COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases that may have a valuable potential for neurodegeneration prediction in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, identified miRNAs can be further explored as potential drug targets or agents to modify signaling in shared pathways.Graphical AbstractShared miRNA molecules among the five investigated neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 were identified. The two overlapping miRNAs, hsa-miR-34a and has-miR-132, present potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative sequelae after COVID-19. Furthermore, 98 common miRNAs between all five neurodegenerative diseases together and COVID-19 were identified. A KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses was performed on the list of shared miRNA target genes and finally top 20 pathways were evaluated for their potential for identification of new drug targets. A common feature of identified overlapping miRNAs and pathways is neuroinflammation. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HD, Huntington’s disease; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease.
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu P, Zhang RJ, Li JD, Bi YH, Li Y. Regulatory role of ncRNAs in pulmonary epithelial and endothelial barriers: Molecular therapy clues of influenza-induced acute lung injury. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Cromileptes altivelis microRNA Transcriptome Analysis upon Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Infection and the Effect of cal-miR-155 on Cells Apoptosis and Virus Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102184. [PMID: 36298739 PMCID: PMC9609685 DOI: 10.3390/v14102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate various biological processes. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the primary germs of the Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis), a commercial fish of great importance for Asian aquaculture. However, there is limited available information on the host-virus interactions of C. altivelis. miRNAs have been shown to play key roles in the host response to infection by a variety of pathogens. To better understand the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs, we constructed miRNA transcriptomes and identified immune-related miRNAs of C. altivelis spleen in response to NNV infection. Reads from the three libraries were mapped onto the Danio rerio reference genome. As a result, a total of 942 mature miRNAs were determined, with 266 known miRNAs and 676 novel miRNAs. Among them, thirty-two differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were identified compared to the PBS control. These DEmiRs were targeted on 895 genes, respectively, by using miRanda v3.3a. Then, 14 DEmiRs were validated by qRT-PCR and showed consistency with those obtained from high-throughput sequencing. In order to study the relationship between viral infection and host miRNA, a cell line from C. altivelis brain (CAB) was used to examine the expressions of five known DEmiRs (miR-132-3p, miR-194a, miR-155, miR-203b-5p, and miR-146) during NNV infection. The results showed that one miRNA, cal-miRNA-155, displayed significantly increased expression in response to the virus infection. Subsequently, it was proved that overexpression of cal-miR-155 enhanced cell apoptosis with or without NNV infection and inhibited virus replication in CAB cells. Oppositely, the cal-miRNA-155 inhibitor markedly suppressed apoptosis in CAB cells. The results of the apoptosis-related genes mRNA expression also showed the regulation of cal-miR-155 on the apoptosis process in CAB cells. These findings verify that miR-155 might exert a function as a pro-apoptotic factor in reply to NNV stimulation in CAB cells and help us further study the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of NNV in C. altivelis.
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Micro-Players of Great Significance-Host microRNA Signature in Viral Infections in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810536. [PMID: 36142450 PMCID: PMC9504570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time, more and more is becoming known about micro-players of great significance. This is particularly the case for microRNAs (miRNAs; miR), which have been found to participate in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in both humans and animals. One such process is viral infection in humans and animals, in which the host miRNAs—alone or in conjunction with the virus—interact on two levels: viruses may regulate the host’s miRNAs to evade its immune system, while the host miRNAs can play anti- or pro-viral roles. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to present the key miRNAs involved in viral infections in humans and animals. We summarize the data in the available literature, indicating that the signature miRNAs in human viral infections mainly include 12 miRNAs (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-132, miR-34a, miR -21, miR-16, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-10a), while 10 miRNAs are commonly found in animals (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-145, miR-21, miR-15a/miR-16 cluster, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-122) in this context. Knowledge of which miRNAs are involved in different viral infections and the biological functions that they play can help in understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases, facilitating the future development of therapeutic agents for both humans and animals.
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Kooshkaki O, Asghari A, Mahdavi R, Azarkar G, Parsamanesh N. Potential of MicroRNAs As Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Respiratory Viruses: A Literature Review. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:544-563. [PMID: 35699380 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through recognition of cognate sequences and interference of transcriptional, translational, or epigenetic processes. Hundreds of miRNA genes have been found in diverse viruses, and many of these are phylogenetically conserved. Respiratory viruses are the most frequent causative agents of disease in humans, with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, the role of miRNAs in respiratory viral gene regulation, as well as host gene regulation during disease progression, has become a field of interest. This review highlighted the importance of various miRNAs and their potential role in fighting with respiratory viruses as therapeutic molecules with a focus on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Department of Hematology, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arghavan Asghari
- Department of Hematology, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Hematology, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Department of Hematology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ghodsiyeh Azarkar
- Department of Hematology, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Department of Hematology, Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
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Elkady G, Chen Y, Hu C, Chen J, Chen X, Guo A. MicroRNA Profile of MA-104 Cell Line Associated With the Pathogenesis of Bovine Rotavirus Strain Circulated in Chinese Calves. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854348. [PMID: 35516441 PMCID: PMC9062783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine rotavirus (BRV) causes massive economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. Elucidating the pathogenesis of BRV would help in the development of more effective measures to control BRV infection. The MA-104 cell line is sensitive to BRV and is thereby a convenient tool for determining BRV–host interactions. Thus far, the role of the microRNAs (miRNAs) of MA-104 cells during BRV infection is still ambiguous. We performed Illumina RNA sequencing analysis of the miRNA libraries of BRV-infected and mock-infected MA-104 cells at different time points: at 0 h post-infection (hpi) (just after 90 min of adsorption) and at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hpi. The total clean reads obtained from BRV-infected and uninfected cells were 74,701,041 and 74,184,124, respectively. Based on these, 579 were categorized as known miRNAs and 144 as novel miRNAs. One hundred and sixty differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in BRV-infected cells in comparison with uninfected MA-104 cells were successfully investigated, 95 of which were upregulated and 65 were downregulated. The target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of the DE miRNAs were examined by bioinformatics analysis. Functional annotation of the target genes with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) suggested that these genes mainly contributed to biological pathways, endocytosis, apoptotic process, trans-Golgi membrane, and lysosome. Pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (mml-miR-486-3p and mml-miR-197-3p), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (mml-miR-204-3p and novel_366), Rap1 (mml-miR-127-3p), cAMP (mml-miR-106b-3p), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (mml-miR-342-5p), T-cell receptor signaling (mml-miR-369-5p), RIG-I-like receptor signaling (mml-miR-504-5p), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (mml-miR-365-1-5p), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling (mml-miR-299-3p) were enriched. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) verified the expression profiles of 23 selected DE miRNAs, which were consistent with the results of deep sequencing, and the 28 corresponding target mRNAs were mainly of regulatory pathways of the cellular machinery and immune importance, according to the bioinformatics analysis. Our study is the first to report a novel approach that uncovers the impact of BRV infection on the miRNA expressions of MA-104 cells, and it offers clues for identifying potential candidates for antiviral or vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Elkady
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Aizhen Guo,
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Yang M, Li J, Deng S, Fan H, Peng Y, Ye G, Wang J, Wei J, Jiang X, Xu Z, Qing L, Wang F, Yang Y, Liu Y. Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Activates Host Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2-, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009)-, and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013)-Infected Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030487. [PMID: 35159296 PMCID: PMC8834034 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing, as is research on the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular infection by coronaviruses, with the hope of developing therapeutic agents against this pandemic. Other important respiratory viruses such as 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV), influenza A viruses, are also responsible for a possible outbreak due to their respiratory susceptibility. However, the interaction of these viruses with host cells and the regulation of post-transcriptional genes remains unclear. In this study, we detected and analyzed the comparative transcriptome profiling of SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009), and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013) infected cells. The results showed that the commonly upregulated genes among the three groups were mainly involved in autophagy, pertussis, and tuberculosis, which indicated that autophagy plays an important role in viral pathogenicity. There are three groups of commonly downregulated genes involved in metabolic pathways. Notably, unlike panH1N1 and H7N9, SARS-CoV-2 infection can inhibit the m-TOR pathway and activate the p53 signaling pathway, which may be responsible for unique autophagy induction and cell apoptosis. Particularly, upregulated expression of IRF1 was found in SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1, and H7N9 infection. Further analysis showed SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1, and H7N9 infection-induced upregulation of lncRNA-34087.27 could serve as a competitive endogenous RNA to stabilize IRF1 mRNA by competitively binding with miR-302b-3p. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- HEK293 Cells
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity/genetics
- Immunity/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-1/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-1/immunology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-1/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/immunology
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/immunology
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/immunology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Seq/methods
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transcriptome/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Jin Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518406, China;
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Hao Fan
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Yun Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Guoguo Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Jinli Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Ling Qing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.P.); (G.Y.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Q.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
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12
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Rojas M, Luz-Crawford P, Soto-Rifo R, Reyes-Cerpa S, Toro-Ascuy D. The Landscape of IFN/ISG Signaling in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages and Its Possible Role in the HIV-1 Latency. Cells 2021; 10:2378. [PMID: 34572027 PMCID: PMC8467246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A key characteristic of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the generation of latent viral reservoirs, which have been associated with chronic immune activation and sustained inflammation. Macrophages play a protagonist role in this context since they are persistently infected while being a major effector of the innate immune response through the generation of type-I interferons (type I IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The balance in the IFN signaling and the ISG induction is critical to promote a successful HIV-1 infection. Classically, the IFNs response is fine-tuned by opposing promotive and suppressive signals. In this context, it was described that HIV-1-infected macrophages can also synthesize some antiviral effector ISGs and, positive and negative regulators of the IFN/ISG signaling. Recently, epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanisms were described, being the N6-methylation (m6A) modification on mRNAs one of the most relevant. The epitranscriptomic regulation can affect not only IFN/ISG signaling, but also type I IFN expression, and viral fitness through modifications to HIV-1 RNA. Thus, the establishment of replication-competent latent HIV-1 infected macrophages may be due to non-classical mechanisms of type I IFN that modulate the activation of the IFN/ISG signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masyelly Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile;
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Daniela Toro-Ascuy
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
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13
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Molecular Pathogenesis and Immune Evasion of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus Inferred from Genes Expression Changes in Infected Porcine Macrophages. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091134. [PMID: 34578166 PMCID: PMC8469936 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in livestock remain poorly understood. Several studies have highlighted the relevant role of macrophages in controlling the systemic dissemination of VSV during infection in different animal models, including mice, cattle, and pigs. To gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms used by VSV to impair the immune response in macrophages, we used microarrays to determine the transcriptomic changes produced by VSV infection in primary cultures of porcine macrophages. The results indicated that VSV infection induced the massive expression of multiple anorexic, pyrogenic, proinflammatory, and immunosuppressive genes. Overall, the interferon (IFN) response appeared to be suppressed, leading to the absence of stimulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). Interestingly, VSV infection promoted the expression of several genes known to downregulate the expression of IFNβ. This represents an alternate mechanism for VSV control of the IFN response, beyond the recognized mechanisms mediated by the matrix protein. Although there was no significant differential gene expression in macrophages infected with a highly virulent epidemic strain compared to a less virulent endemic strain, the endemic strain consistently induced higher expression of all upregulated cytokines and chemokines. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into VSV molecular pathogenesis and immune evasion that warrant further investigation.
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14
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Zhang N, Ma Y, Tian Y, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Hu S. Downregulation of microRNA‑221 facilitates H1N1 influenza A virus replication through suppression of type‑IFN response by targeting the SOCS1/NF‑κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:497. [PMID: 33955508 PMCID: PMC8127060 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data has indicated that host microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play essential roles in innate immune responses to viral infection; however, the roles and the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs in influenza A virus (IAV) replication remain unclear. The present study examined on the effects of miRNAs on hemagglutinin (H)1 neuraminidase (N)1 replication and antiviral innate immunity. Using a microarray assay, the expression profiles of miRNA molecules in IAV-infected A549 cells were analyzed. The results indicated that miR-221 was significantly downregulated in IAV-infected A549 cells. It was also observed that IAV infection decreased the expression levels of miR-221 in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Functionally, upregulation of miR-221 repressed IAV replication, whereas knockdown of miR-221 had an opposite effect. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that miR-221 overexpression could enhance IAV-triggered IFN-α and IFN-β production and IFN-stimulated gene expression levels, while miR-221-knockdown had the opposite effect. Target prediction and dual luciferase assays indicated that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) was a direct target of miR-221 in A549 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of SOCS1 efficiently abrogated the influences caused by miR-221 inhibition on IAV replication and the type-I IFN response. It was also found that the miR-221 positively regulated NF-κB activation in IAV-infected A549 cells. Taken together, these data suggested that miR-221-downregulation promotes IAV replication by suppressing type-I IFN response through targeting SOCS1/NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that miR-221 may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for IAV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nali Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Bi K, Diao H. Critical role of microRNAs in host and influenza A (H1N1) virus interactions. Life Sci 2021; 277:119484. [PMID: 33862119 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a type of non-coding RNA, microRNAs are considered to be a new regulator in viral infections. Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection is a serious threat to human health. There is growing evidence supporting that microRNAs play important roles in various cellular infection stages and host antiviral response during H1N1 infection. Some microRNAs defend against H1N1 invasion, while others may promote viral replication. MicroRNAs are implicated in the host-viral interactions and serve versatile functions in it. In this review, we focus on the innate immune response and virus replication regulated by microRNAs during H1N1 infection. MicroRNAs can influence H1N1 virus replication by directly binding to viral compositions and through host cellular pathways. Moreover, microRNAs are involved in multiple antiviral response, including production of interferons (IFNs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling pathway, immune cells development and secretion, activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Furthermore, these regulatory effects of microRNAs suggest its potential clinical significance. In addition, another non-coding RNA, lncRNA, are also mentioned in the review, which can regulate innate immune response and influence virus replication during H1N1 infection as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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16
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Diallo I, Ho J, Laffont B, Laugier J, Benmoussa A, Lambert M, Husseini Z, Soule G, Kozak R, Kobinger GP, Provost P. Altered microRNA Transcriptome in Cultured Human Liver Cells upon Infection with Ebola Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073792. [PMID: 33917562 PMCID: PMC8038836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a virulent pathogen, notorious for inducing life-threatening hemorrhagic fever, that has been responsible for several outbreaks in Africa and remains a public health threat. Yet, its pathogenesis is still not completely understood. Although there have been numerous studies on host transcriptional response to EBOV, with an emphasis on the clinical features, the impact of EBOV infection on post-transcriptional regulatory elements, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), remains largely unexplored. MiRNAs are involved in inflammation and immunity and are believed to be important modulators of the host response to viral infection. Here, we have used small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq), qPCR and functional analyses to obtain the first comparative miRNA transcriptome (miRNome) of a human liver cell line (Huh7) infected with one of the following three EBOV strains: Mayinga (responsible for the first Zaire outbreak in 1976), Makona (responsible for the West Africa outbreak in 2013–2016) and the epizootic Reston (presumably innocuous to humans). Our results highlight specific miRNA-based immunity pathways and substantial differences between the strains beyond their clinical manifestation and pathogenicity. These analyses shed new light into the molecular signature of liver cells upon EBOV infection and reveal new insights into miRNA-based virus attack and host defense strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrissa Diallo
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Jeffrey Ho
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Benoit Laffont
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Jonathan Laugier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Marine Lambert
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Zeinab Husseini
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Geoff Soule
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9, Canada; (G.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kozak
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9, Canada; (G.S.); (R.K.)
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9, Canada; (G.S.); (R.K.)
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale, Université du Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Room T1-65, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 48842)
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17
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Wang N, Xu Y, Guo Q, Zhu C, Zhao W, Qian W, Zheng M. Effects of miR-132-3p on progress and epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer via regulating KLF7. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2426-2436. [PMID: 34012590 PMCID: PMC8107552 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) often appear as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this research was to examine miR-132-3p and Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) effects in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine miR-132-3p expression in tissue specimens and 6 cells (A549, H1650, H292, H1299, H1944, BEAS-2b). Luciferase report forecasted the targeting relationship between miR-132-3p and KLF7. The expression of KLF7 and interstitial protein was determined by western blot. Proliferation test and Transwell assay were adopted for examining cell development. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) colorimetric method was used to observe the effects of miR-132-3p and KLF7 on the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of NSCLC tumor cells. In order to determine whether the metastasis of NSCLC tumor cells was epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated, supplementary experiments with E-cadherin and vimentin were performed. Results An increased expression of miR-132-3p was detected in NSCLC. Its mimic promoted the proliferation of tumor cells. As an immediate site of miR-132-3p, KLF7 was reversely adjusted via miR-132-3p and restrained the development of tumor cells in NSCLC, the effects of which were attenuated via KLF7 over-expression. Besides, the presence of EMT-related diversions was confirmed in NSCLC. Conclusions By targeting KLF7, miR-132-3p was capable of promoting the proceeding of NSCLC tumor cells. We discovered miR-132-3p/KLF7 route may exhibit curative target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingkui Guo
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenliang Qian
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhang Y, Xiang X, Lu Y, Li H, Wahaab A, Sharma M, Liu K, Wei J, Li Z, Shao D, Li B, Ma Z, Qiu Y. Downregulation of miR-296-3p by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus activates the IRF1/TNF-α signaling axis in porcine alveolar macrophages. Arch Virol 2021; 166:511-519. [PMID: 33394172 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, species Betaarterivirus suid 1 or 2) is a major pathogen affecting pigs on farms throughout the world. miR-296-3p is a multifunctional microRNA involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response in mice and humans. However, little is known about the biological functions of miR-296-3p in pigs. In this study, we used a highly pathogenic PRRSV-2 (species Betaarterivirus suid 2) strain to show that PRRSV infection robustly downregulates the expression of miR-296-3p in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-296-3p increases the replication of highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV in PAMs. Notably, the overexpression of miR-296-3p inhibited the induction of TNF-α, even with increased viral replication, compared with that in the HP-PRRSV-infected control group. We also demonstrated that miR-296-3p targets IRF1-facilitated viral infection and modulates the expression of TNF-α in PAMs during HP-PRRSV infection and that IRF1 regulates the expression of TNF-α by activating the TNF promoter via IRF1 response elements. In summary, these findings show that HP-PRRSV infection activates the IRF1/TNF-α signaling axis in PAMs by downregulating host miR-296-3p. This extends our understanding of the inflammatory response induced by HP-PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Abdul Wahaab
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mona Sharma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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19
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Martinez-Espinoza I, Banos-Lara MDR, Guerrero-Plata A. The Importance of miRNA Identification During Respiratory Viral Infections. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 3:207-214. [PMID: 34541575 PMCID: PMC8445226 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of small non-coding RNA MicroRNAs (miRNAs) during respiratory viral infections is of critical importance as they are implicated in the viral replication, immune responses and severity of disease pathogenesis. Respiratory viral infections have an extensive impact on human health across the globe. For that is essential to understand the factors that regulate the host response against infections. The differential miRNA pattern induced by respiratory viruses has been reported, including include influenza A virus (IAV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (AdV), and more recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this commentary, we highlight the importance of miRNAs identification and the contribution of these molecules in the modulation of the immune response through the upregulation and downregulation of miRNAs expression in different immune and non-immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Martinez-Espinoza
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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