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Giri AK, Sahu NP, Dash G. Improvement in the growth status and carbohydrate utilization of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings with dietary supplementation of chromium picolinate. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:599-616. [PMID: 33611776 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium (Cr) on carbohydrate utilization and growth performance of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fishes were fed with four high carbohydrate (53%), isonitrogenous (crude protein 35%), and isocaloric (415 Kcal, 100 gm-1) experimental diets containing different levels of dietary chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) viz.0, 400, 800, and 1200 μg kg-1 diet. Weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly increased at 800 μg kg-1 diet chromium supplementation (P < 0.05). Cr-Pic supplementation (800 μg kg-1) also significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the protein: DNA ratio in muscle, while DNA: RNA and DNA: tissue ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased indicating higher growth. Significantly higher amylase, protease, and lipase activities were recorded in 800 μg Cr-Pic kg-1 diet fed fishes (P < 0.05), while any of the experimental groups showing no significant (P > 0.05) change in hexokinase activity, indicating normal glycolysis in all. Furthermore, significant (P < 0.05) decrease of glucose-6-phospatase activity in 800 μg Cr-Pic kg-1 diet fed group, showcasing an evidence for protein-sparing action with Cr-Pic supplementation. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum insulin and liver glycogen in 800 μg Cr-Pic kg-1 diet fed fishes denote an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism. However, significantly (P < 0.05) higher ATPase and SOD activities were also observed when chromium supplementation was more than 800 μg kg-1 diet, indicating stress at higher level. The present study indicates that growth and carbohydrate utilization can significantly (P < 0.05) be improved by feeding the L. rohita fingerlings with Cr-Pic (800 μg kg-1 diet) supplemented diet in laboratory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar Giri
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India.
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Gyanaranjan Dash
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
- ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Digha Research Centre, Ramnagar, Medinipur, West Bengal, 721441, India
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Effect of supplemental levels of chromium picolinate on the growth performance, serum traits, carcass characteristics and lipid metabolism of growing-finishing pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800055788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated the effect of chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics and lipid metabolism of growing-finishing pigs. Sixty Landrace ✕ Yorkshire ✕ Duroc (LYD) pigs with a mean initial body weight of 46·65 (s.e. 6·72) kg were randomly allocated into three groups with two replicates. They were supplemented with 0 , 200, or 400 μg/kg (ppb) chromium in the organic form of chromium picolinate for 90 days. Supplementation with chromium picolinate in the pigs’ ration improved their growth performance, enhanced average daily gain (P < 0·05), and increased their food consumption, especially in the 200 ppb group ( P > 0·05). Chromium picolinate supplementation also improved carcass characteristics, as the average back fat thickness was reduced and the loin-eye area was enhanced ( P < 0·05). The serum chromium concentration in the chromium picolinate supplemented groups was approximately twice that of the controls ( P < 0·05). Supplementation with chromium also markedly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG) and urea concentrations in the pig serum ( P < 0·05). Serum insulin was significantly decreased in the 400 ppb group, while serum glucose was decreased in the 200 ppb group ( P < 0·05). Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was reduced and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was increased in the chromium supplementation group. Meanwhile, the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were markedly increased, while LDL-cholesterol was significantly diminished ( P < 0·05) in the 200 ppb group. The adipocyte diameter and volume in the chromium-supplemented groups tended to be larger than in the control ( P = 0·07). In vitro studies indicated that incorporation of [u, 14C]glucose into total lipids (P < 0·05) was increased by chromium supplementation. However, there were no lipolysis differences among the groups (P > 0·05). The carcasses of the pigs that received the chromium supplemented ration contained less oleic acid (C18 : 1) and total unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0·05). On the other hand, the total saturated fatty acid content was higher than that of the controls (P < 0·05). Results in this study demonstrate that chromium picolinate supplementation in pigs has several beneficial effects.
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Doerner PG, Liao YH, Ding Z, Wang W, Ivy JL, Bernard JR. Chromium chloride increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:205-13. [PMID: 25195624 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of chromium chloride (CrCl3 ) on healthy skeletal muscle glucose uptake in the absence and presence of submaximal insulin using the rat hindlimb perfusion technique. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an experimental group: basal (Bas), chromium chloride (Cr), submaximal insulin (sIns) or chromium chloride plus submaximal insulin (Cr-sIns). RESULTS Insulin significantly increased [H(3)]-2 deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in the gastrocnemius muscles. Additionally, Cr-sIns displayed greater rates of 2-DG uptake than sIns (Cr-sIns 6.86 ± 0.74 μmol g h(-1) vs. sIns 4.83 ± 0.42 μmol g h(-1)). There was no difference between Cr and Bas treatment groups. It has been speculated that chromium works to increase glucose uptake by increasing insulin signalling. We found that Akt and AS160 phosphorylation was increased in the sINS treatment group, while chromium treatment had no additional effect on Akt or AS160 phosphorylation in the absence or presence of insulin. Cr-sIns significantly increased plasma membrane GLUT4 concentration above that of sIns (Cr-sIns 72.22 ± 12.7%, sIns 53.4 ± 6.1%), but in the absence of insulin, chromium had no effect. CONCLUSION Exposure of healthy skeletal muscle to chromium may increase skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. However, these effects do not appear to result from enhanced insulin signalling proximal to AS160.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Doerner
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - Y.-H. Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science; National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Z. Ding
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - W. Wang
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - J. L. Ivy
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - J. R. Bernard
- Department of Kinesiology; California State University, Stanislaus; Turlock CA USA
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Kwon MJ, Chung HS, Yoon CS, Ko JH, Jun HJ, Kim TK, Lee SH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim MK, Park JH. The effect of chromium on rat insulinoma cells in high glucose conditions. Life Sci 2010; 87:401-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Meyer JA, Spence DM. A perspective on the role of metals in diabetes: past findings and possible future directions. Metallomics 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b817203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Appleton DJ, Rand JS, Sunvold GD, Priest J. Dietary chromium tripicolinate supplementation reduces glucose concentrations and improves glucose tolerance in normal-weight cats. J Feline Med Surg 2002; 4:13-25. [PMID: 11869052 DOI: 10.1053/jfms.2001.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose and insulin metabolism in healthy, non-obese cats was evaluated. Thirty-two cats were randomly divided into four groups and fed experimental diets consisting of a standard diet with 0 ppb (control), 150 ppb, 300 ppb, or 600 ppb added chromium as chromium tripicolinate. Intravenous glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests with minimal model analysis were performed before and after 6 weeks of feeding the test diets. During the glucose tolerance test, glucose concentrations, area under the glucose concentration-time curve, and glucose half-life (300 ppb only), were significantly lower after the trial in cats supplemented with 300 ppb and 600 ppb chromium, compared with values before the trial. Fasting glucose concentrations measured on a different day in the biochemistry profile were also significantly lower after supplementation with 600 ppb chromium. There were no significant differences in insulin concentrations or indices in either the glucose or insulin tolerance tests following chromium supplementation, nor were there any differences between groups before or after the dietary trial.Importantly, this study has shown a small but significant, dose-dependent improvement in glucose tolerance in healthy, non-obese cats supplemented with dietary chromium. Further long-term studies are warranted to determine if the addition of chromium to feline diets is advantageous. Cats most likely to benefit are those with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance from lack of exercise, obesity and old age. Healthy cats at risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes from underlying low insulin sensitivity or genetic factors may also benefit from long-term chromium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Appleton
- Companion Animal Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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Lien TF, Horng YM, Yang KH. Performance, serum characteristics, carcase traits and lipid metabolism of broilers as affected by supplement of chromium picolinate. Br Poult Sci 1999; 40:357-63. [PMID: 10475633 DOI: 10.1080/00071669987458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with chromium picolinate on the performance, serum and carcase traits and lipid metabolism of broilers. In trial 1, 120 1-day-old broilers with an equal number of males and females were assigned at random to 4 groups with 3 replicates. Four treatments with dietary supplements of 0 (control), 800, 1600 and 3200 microg/kg of chromium picolinate were used. In trial 2, 6-week-old broilers (20) were used to determine how supplements of 0, 200, 400 and 800 microg/kg chromium in an incubation medium influence their hepatocyte lipogenic capacity and adipocyte lipolysis, in vitro. 2. Dietary supplements of 1600 and 3200 microg/kg chromium in broiler diets significantly increased food consumption (P<0.05); 1600 microg/kg markedly improved weight gain (P<0.05); 1600 and 3200 microg/kg groups showed increased liver lipid content (P<0.05). However, the abdominal fat content tended to decrease in these 2 groups. 3. Dietary supplements of 1600 and 3200 microg/kg of chromium decreased serum glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations while increasing serum phospholipid content (P<0.05). Insulin concentration decreased only in birds receiving 3200 ppb chromium (P<0.05). Serum triacylglycerol (TG) clearance rate in chromium-supplemented groups was markedly enhanced (P<0.05). 4. In addition, chromium supplemented groups had increased serum HDL contents and also reduced serum VLDL and LDL contents (P<0.05). 5. Trial 2 indicated that lipogenesis from [U-14C]glucose by isolated hepatocytes was significantly enhanced by 400 ppb chromium (P<0.05). 6. The results from this study demonstrate that a supplement of 1600 microg/kg of chromium picolinate in the ration influences the growth, carcase, serum traits and lipid metabolism of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Lien
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi Institute of Technology, Luh Liau Li, Taiwan, ROC.
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Feng W, Ding W, Qian Q, Chai Z. Use of the enriched stable isotope Cr-50 as a tracer to study the metabolism of chromium (III) in normal and diabetic rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998; 63:129-38. [PMID: 9823439 DOI: 10.1007/bf02778872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The activable enriched stable isotope Cr-50 compound Cr2O3 was used as a tracer to study the metabolism of chromium(III) [CR(III)] intragastrically administered in normal and diabetic rats. The comparison of absorption, distribution, and excretion in organs and tissues of the two groups do not show much alteration, but some differences exist indeed. The contents of 51Cr radioactivity of the diabetic rats appear to be of higher retention than in most studied organisms. The urinary 51Cr excretion of diabetics is significantly higher than that of normal rats. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that the insulin-dependent rats generally absorb and excrete more chromium (Cr) than the normal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Feng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Forbes C, Fernandez J, Bunting L, Southern L, Thompson D, Gentry L, Chapa A. Growth and metabolic characteristics of Suffolk and Gulf Coast Native yearling ewes supplemented with chromium tripicolinate. Small Rumin Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(97)00078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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