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Reese L, Niepmann ST, Düsing P, Hänschke L, Beiert T, Zimmer S, Nickenig G, Bauer R, Jansen F, Zietzer A. Loss of ceramide synthase 5 inhibits the development of experimentally induced aortic valve stenosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14140. [PMID: 38546351 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Inflammation and calcification are hallmarks in the development of aortic valve stenosis (AVS). Ceramides mediate inflammation and calcification in the vascular tissue. The highly abundant d18:1,16:0 ceramide (C16) has been linked to increased cardiovascular mortality and obesity. In this study, we investigate the role of ceramide synthase 5 (CerS5), a critical enzyme for C16 ceramide synthesis, in the development of AVS, particularly in conjunction with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet (Western diet, WD). METHODS We used wild-type (WT) and CerS5-/- mice on WD or normal chow in a wire injury model. We measured the peak velocity to determine AVS development and performed histological analysis of the aortic valve area, immune cell infiltration (CD68 staining), and calcification (von Kossa). In vitro experiments involved measuring the calcification of human aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and evaluating cytokine release from THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic-like cell line, following CerS5 knockdown. RESULTS CerS5-/- mice showed a reduced peak velocity compared to WT only in the experiment with WD. Likewise, we observed reduced immune cell infiltration and calcification in the aortic valve of CerS5-/- mice, but only on WD. In vitro, calcification was reduced after knockdown of CerS5 in VICs, while THP-1 cells exhibited a decreased inflammatory response following CerS5 knockdown. CONCLUSION We conclude that CerS5 is an important mediator for the development of AVS in mice on WD and regulates critical pathophysiological hallmarks of AVS formation. CerS5 is therefore an interesting target for pharmacological therapy and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Reese
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Thomas Niepmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Düsing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea Hänschke
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Genetics & Molecular Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Beiert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Genetics & Molecular Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zietzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Shen J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhao M, Wang Q, Li P, Liu R, Wai Wong VK, Zhang C, Sun X. L-type calcium ion channel-mediated activation of autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells via thonningianin A (TA) alleviates vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176084. [PMID: 37806540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of vascular calcification is incompletely understood, and until now, there have been no effective therapeutics for vascular calcification. The L-type calcium ion channel in the cell membrane is vital for Ca2+ influx. The effect of L-type calcium ion channels on autophagy remains to be elucidated. Here, the natural compound thonningianin A (TA) was found to ameliorate vascular calcification in T2DM via the activation of L-type calcium ion channels. The results showed that TA had a concentration-dependent ability to decrease the transcriptional and translational expression of the calcification-related proteins runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and osteopontin (OPN) (P < 0.01) via ATG7-dependent autophagy in β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)- and high glucose (HG)-stimulated primary mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASMCs) and alleviate aortic vascular calcification in VitD3-stimulated T2DM mice. However, nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type calcium ion channels, reversed TA-induced autophagy and Ca2+ influx in MASMCs. Molecular docking analysis revealed that TA was located in the hydrophobic pocket of Cav1.2 α1C and was mainly composed of the residues Ile, Phe, Ala and Met, which confirmed the efficacy of TA in targeting the L-type calcium channel of Cav1.2 on the cell membrane. Moreover, in an in vivo model of vascular calcification in T2DM mice, nifedipine reversed the protective effects of TA on aortic calcification and the expression of the calcification-related proteins RUNX2, BMP2 and OPN (P < 0.01). Collectively, the present results reveal that the activation of cell membrane L-type calcium ion channels can induce autophagy and ameliorate vascular calcification in T2DM. Thonningianin A (TA) can target and act as a potent activator of L-type calcium ion channels. Thus, this research revealed a novel mechanism for autophagy induction via L-type calcium ion channels and provided a potential therapeutic for vascular calcification in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Shen
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-level Talents, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Interventional Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-level Talents, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, 646000, China; School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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3
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Lu L, Li Y, Dong Q, Fang J, Chen A, Lan Z, Ye Y, Yan J, Liang Q. Wogonin inhibits oxidative stress and vascular calcification via modulation of heme oxygenase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176070. [PMID: 37739306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent and increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and there is no effective treatment so far. Interestingly, using systems pharmacology approach, we have predicted that Wogonin (Wog) exhibited potential activity against VC. Then we validated the effect of Wog on VC using human and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), rat arterial rings and vitamin D3-overloaded mouse models. Our results showed that Wog dose-dependently inhibited calcification of VSMCs and rat arterial rings. Consistently, alizarin red staining and calcium content assay confirmed that Wog inhibited aortic calcification in vitamin D3-overloaded mice. Moreover, by constructing the protein regulating network of Wog in suppressing VC, we found heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) was regulated by Wog. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway participated in the inhibitory role of Wog in VC and HMOX-1 was also involved in this process. Notably, our study revealed that Wog treatment promoted HMOX-1 expression, and reduced ROS levels in VSMCs. Interestingly, both inhibition of HMOX-1 by ZnPP9 and knockdown of HMOX-1 by siRNA independently eliminated the inhibitory effect of Wog on VC. Finally, administration of Wog suppressed aortic calcification in vitamin D3-overloaded mice and this effect was counteracted by ZnPP9,suggesting the crucial role of HMOX-1 in the inhibitory effect of Wog on VC. Collectively, this study combines systems pharmacology-based strategy and experiments to identify the therapeutic potential of Wog for VC via upregulating HMOX-1 and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yining Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Zirong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Yuanzhi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China.
| | - Qingchun Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Slijkhuis N, Towers M, Mirzaian M, Korteland SA, Heijs B, van Gaalen K, Nieuwenhuizen I, Nigg A, van der Heiden K, de Rijke YB, van der Lugt A, Sijbrands EJG, Claude E, van Soest G. Identifying lipid traces of atherogenic mechanisms in human carotid plaque. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117340. [PMID: 37913561 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipids play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque development and are interesting candidate predictive biomarkers. However, the link between circulating lipids, accumulating lipids in the vessel wall, and plaque destabilization processes in humans remains largely unknown. This study aims to provide new insights into the role of lipids in atherosclerosis using lipidomics and mass spectrometry imaging to investigate lipid signatures in advanced human carotid plaque and plasma samples. METHODS We used lipidomics and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to investigate lipid signatures of advanced human carotid plaque and plasma obtained from patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (n = 14 out of 17 whose plaque samples were analyzed by DESI-MSI). Multivariate data analysis and unsupervised clustering were applied to identify lipids that were the most discriminative species between different patterns in plaque and plasma. These patterns were interpreted by quantitative comparison with conventional histology. RESULTS Lipidomics detected more than 300 lipid species in plasma and plaque, with markedly different relative abundances. DESI-MSI visualized the spatial distribution of 611 lipid-related m/z features in plaques, of which 330 m/z features could be assigned based on exact mass, comparison to the lipidomic data, and high mass resolution MSI. Matching spatial lipid patterns to histological areas of interest revealed several molecular species that were colocalized with pertinent disease processes in plaque including specific sphingomyelin and ceramide species with calcification, phospholipids and free fatty acids with inflammation, and triacylglycerols and phosphatidylinositols with fibrin-rich areas. CONCLUSIONS By comparing lipid species in plaque and plasma, we identified those circulating species that were also prominently present in plaque. Quantitative comparison of lipid spectral patterns with histology revealed the presence of specific lipid species in destabilized plaque areas, corroborating previous in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Slijkhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Towers
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suze-Anne Korteland
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van Gaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Nigg
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gijs van Soest
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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5
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Ya'ar Bar S, Pintel N, Abd Alghne H, Khattib H, Avni D. The therapeutic potential of sphingolipids for cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1224743. [PMID: 37608809 PMCID: PMC10440740 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1224743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of CVD. Despite considerable progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms and various treatment options available, significant gaps in therapy necessitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Sphingolipids are a family of lipids that have gained attention in recent years as important players in CVDs and the inflammatory processes that underlie their development. As preclinical studies have shown that targeting sphingolipids can modulate inflammation and ameliorate CVDs, targeting sphingolipids has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the current understanding of sphingolipids' involvement in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, the existing therapeutic approaches and gaps in therapy, and explores the potential of sphingolipids-based drugs as a future avenue for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Ya'ar Bar
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hesen Abd Alghne
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College Department of Biotechnology, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College Department of Biotechnology, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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6
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Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Ghiroldi A, Rota P, Coviello S, Tarantino A, La Rocca P, Lavota I, Creo P, Signorelli P, Pappone C, Anastasia L. Sphingolipids and Atherosclerosis: The Dual Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010143. [PMID: 36671005 PMCID: PMC9855164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that play either pro- and anti-atherogenic roles in the formation and maturation of atherosclerotic plaques. Among SLs, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate showed antithetic properties in regulating various molecular mechanisms and have emerged as novel potential targets for regulating the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, maintaining the balance of the so-called ceramide/S1P rheostat is important to prevent the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction, which is the trigger for the entire atherosclerotic process and is strongly associated with increased oxidative stress. In addition, these two sphingolipids, together with many other sphingolipid mediators, are directly involved in the progression of atherogenesis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by promoting the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and influencing the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. The modulation of ceramide and S1P levels may therefore allow the development of new antioxidant therapies that can prevent or at least impair the onset of atherogenesis, which would ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease and significantly reduce their mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Creo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0226437765
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Periostin Augments Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification via β-Catenin Signaling. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081157. [PMID: 36009051 PMCID: PMC9405747 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is closely linked to hyperphosphatemia. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can take up pro-calcific properties and actively augment vascular calcification. Various pro-inflammatory mediators are able to promote VSMC calcification. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of periostin, a matricellular signaling protein, in calcifying human VSMCs and human serum samples. As a result, periostin induced the mRNA expression of pro-calcific markers in VSMCs. Furthermore, periostin augmented the effects of β-glycerophosphate on the expression of pro-calcific markers and aggravated the calcification of VSMCs. A periostin treatment was associated with an increased β-catenin abundance as well as the expression of target genes. The pro-calcific effects of periostin were ameliorated by WNT/β-catenin pathway inhibitors. Moreover, a co-treatment with an integrin αvβ3-blocking antibody blunted the pro-calcific effects of periostin. The silencing of periostin reduced the effects of β-glycerophosphate on the expression of pro-calcific markers and the calcification of VSMCs. Elevated serum periostin levels were observed in hemodialysis patients compared with healthy controls. These observations identified periostin as an augmentative factor in VSMC calcification. The pro-calcific effects of periostin involve integrin αvβ3 and the activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Thus, the inhibition of periostin may be beneficial to reduce the burden of vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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8
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Wi JH, Heo CH, Gwak H, Jung C, Kim SY. Probing Physical Properties of the Cellular Membrane in Senescent Cells by Fluorescence Imaging. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10182-10194. [PMID: 34473497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various types of stress. Although the plasma membrane and its composition are significantly affected by cellular senescence, detailed studies on the physical properties of the plasma membrane have shown inconclusive results. In this study, we utilized both ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence imaging to investigate how membrane properties, such as fluidity, hydrophobicity, and ganglioside GM1 level are affected by cellular senescence. The diffusion coefficient of lipid probes, as well as the type of diffusion determined by an exponent α, which is the slope of the log-log plot of mean squared displacement as a function of time lag, were analyzed. We found that the number of molecules with a lower diffusion coefficient increased as cells became senescent. The changes in the population with a lower diffusion coefficient, observed after methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment, and the increase in ceramide levels, detected using a ceramide-specific antibody, suggest that ceramide-rich lipid rafts were enhanced in senescent cells. Our results emphasize the importance of membrane properties in cellular senescence and might serve as a base for in-depth studies to determine how such domains facilitate the signaling pathway specific to cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hun Wi
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Heo
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRan Gwak
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheulhee Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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9
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Acid Sphingomyelinase, a Lysosomal and Secretory Phospholipase C, Is Key for Cellular Phospholipid Catabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9001. [PMID: 34445706 PMCID: PMC8396676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the main features of human acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), its biosynthesis, processing and intracellular trafficking, its structure, its broad substrate specificity, and the proposed mode of action at the surface of the phospholipid substrate carrying intraendolysosomal luminal vesicles. In addition, we discuss the complex regulation of its phospholipid cleaving activity by membrane lipids and lipid-binding proteins. The majority of the literature implies that ASM hydrolyses solely sphingomyelin to generate ceramide and ignores its ability to degrade further substrates. Indeed, more than twenty different phospholipids are cleaved by ASM in vitro, including some minor but functionally important phospholipids such as the growth factor ceramide-1-phosphate and the unique lysosomal lysolipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. The inherited ASM deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease type A and B, impairs mainly, but not only, cellular sphingomyelin catabolism, causing a progressive sphingomyelin accumulation, which furthermore triggers a secondary accumulation of lipids (cholesterol, glucosylceramide, GM2) by inhibiting their turnover in late endosomes and lysosomes. However, ASM appears to be involved in a variety of major cellular functions with a regulatory significance for an increasing number of metabolic disorders. The biochemical characteristics of ASM, their potential effect on cellular lipid turnover, as well as a potential impact on physiological processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Kukreja RC, Li PL. Regulatory role of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in exosome secretion and osteogenic changes in smooth muscle cells lacking acid ceramidase gene. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21732. [PMID: 34143450 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100385r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (murine gene code: Asah1) (50 kDa) belongs to N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family. This enzyme is located in the lysosome, which mediates conversion of ceramide (CER) into sphingosine and free fatty acids at acidic pH. CER plays an important role in intracellular sphingolipid metabolism and its increase causes inflammation. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling on late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes may control cargo selection, membrane biogenesis, and exosome secretion, which may be fine controlled by lysosomal sphingolipids such as CER. This lysosomal-CER-mTOR signaling may be a crucial molecular mechanism responsible for development of arterial medial calcification (AMC). Torin-1 (5 mg/kg/day), an mTOR inhibitor, significantly decreased aortic medial calcification accompanied with decreased expression of osteogenic markers like osteopontin (OSP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and upregulation of smooth muscle 22α (SM22-α) in mice receiving high dose of Vitamin D (500 000 IU/kg/day). Asah1fl/fl /SMCre mice had markedly increased co-localization of mTORC1 with lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (Lamp-1) (lysosome marker) and decreased co-localization of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 (VPS16) (a multivesicular bodies [MVBs] marker) with Lamp-1, suggesting mTOR activation caused reduced MVBs interaction with lysosomes. Torin-1 significantly reduced the co-localization of mTOR vs Lamp-1, increased lysosome-MVB interaction which was associated with reduced accumulation of CD63 and annexin 2 (exosome markers) in the coronary arterial wall of mice. Using coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), Pi -stimulation significantly increased p-mTOR expression in Asah1fl/fl /SMCre CASMCs as compared to WT/WT cells associated with increased calcium deposition and mineralization. Torin-1 blocked Pi -induced calcium deposition and mineralization. siRNA mTOR and Torin-1 significantly reduce co-localization of mTORC1 with Lamp-1, increased VPS16 vs Lamp-1 co-localization in Pi -stimulated CASMCs, associated with decreased exosome release. Functionally, Torin-1 significantly reduces arterial stiffening as shown by restoration from increased pulse wave velocity and decreased elastin breaks. These results suggest that lysosomal CER-mTOR signaling may play a critical role for the control of lysosome-MVB interaction, exosome secretion and arterial stiffening during AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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