1
|
Feng Y, Gun S. Melatonin supplement induced the hair follicle development in offspring rex rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:167-174. [PMID: 32686230 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the administration of melatonin (MT) to early post-natal fur-bearing animals increases the numbers of hair follicles (HFs). In this study, the effect of maternal MT supplementation on the HF development in offspring was investigated. To explore the potential underlying mechanisms, the expression of the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene was determined in the offspring. The Rex rabbit was the animal model, and 79 same-day-pregnancy females were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 39) or MT treatment (n = 40) group, and 10 mg MT microcapsules was implanted at the base of the neck of rabbits in the treatment group. Skin, lung, liver, muscle, kidney, heart and duodenum samples were collected from the newborn rabbits. The results showed that MT improved fur quality in the offspring rabbits by reducing the diameter of primary and secondary HFs, and increasing the HF population. MT did not affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits, and it did affect the blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin and MT. In the offspring rabbits, MT significantly stimulated MTNR1A gene expression in the skin and heart (p < .01), whereas MTNR1A gene expression was significantly suppressed in the liver and kidney (p < .05). These results revealed that maternal MT supplementation increased HF density, reduced hairiness and improved the fur quality in Rex rabbit offspring. Maternal MT supply may modulate the responses of HFs in the offspring by upregulating the expression of MTNR1A in the skin. In this study, implantation of low-dose MT did not affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits or on the growth of their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sari ARP, Rufaut NW, Jones LN, Sinclair RD. Characterization of Ovine Dermal Papilla Cell Aggregation. Int J Trichology 2016; 8:121-9. [PMID: 27625564 PMCID: PMC5007918 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.188966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The dermal papilla (DP) is a condensation of mesenchymal cells at the proximal end of the hair follicle, which determines hair shaft size and regulates matrix cell proliferation and differentiation. DP cells have the ability to regenerate new hair follicles. These cells tend to aggregate both in vitro and in vivo. This tendency is associated with the ability of papilla cells to induce hair growth. However, human papilla cells lose their hair-inducing activity in later passage number. Ovine DP cells are different from human DP cells since they do not lose their aggregative behavior or hair-inducing activity in culture. Nonetheless, our understanding of ovine DP cells is still limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe the expression of established DP markers in ovine cells and their association with aggregation. Subjects and Methods: Ovine DP cells from three different sheep were compared. Histochemistry, immunoflourescence, and polymerase chain reaction experiments were done to analyze the DP markers. Results: We found that ovine DP aggregates expressed all the 16 markers evaluated, including alkaline phosphatase and versican. Expression of the versican V0 and V3 isoforms, neural cell adhesion molecule, and corin was increased significantly with aggregation, while hey-1 expression was significantly decreased. Conclusions: Overall, the stable expression of numerous markers suggests that aggregating ovine DP cells have a similar phenotype to papillae in vivo. The stability of their molecular phenotype is consistent with their robust aggregative behavior and retained follicle-inducing activity after prolonged culture. Their phenotypic stability in culture contrasts with DP cells from other species, and suggests that a better understanding of ovine DP cells might provide opportunities to improve the hair-inducing activity and therapeutic potential of human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Wolfgang Rufaut
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie Norman Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney Daniel Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akpinar İ, Korgun D, Çetin A, Yesilkaya A, Karaguzel G, Boneval C, Melikoglu M. Epimorphin expression in a rat model of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30:1037-43. [PMID: 25119302 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains unclear. Interactions between the epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme play an important role in normal lung morphogenesis. Epimorphin, a stromal protein, plays a role in epithelial morphogenesis and lung branching, both of which are involved in pulmonary hypoplasia. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between epimorphin and pulmonary hypoplasia associated with CDH in an animal model. METHODS Time-pregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were harvested on D16 and D20, and were divided into control, hypoplastic lungs with CDH (CDH+), and hypoplastic lungs without CDH (CDH-). Both lungs of each fetus were removed and subjected to morphometric and molecular biologic analyses. Lung-to-body weight ratios were calculated. Pulmonary RNA was extracted, and relative mRNA level of epimorphin was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein expression of epimorphin was investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS In groups D16 and D20, lung-to-body weight ratios in subgroups CDH+ were significantly lower than those of controls and CDH-. The relative mRNA expression levels of epimorphin were significantly increased in both lungs in subgroup CDH+ compared with controls and CDH- on D16. Pulmonary epimorphin gene expression levels were significantly decreased in CDH+ group on D20 compared to controls. Western blotting confirmed the qRT-PCR results showing decreased pulmonary epimorphin protein expression in CDH+ hypoplastic lungs compared to controls on D20. CONCLUSION Our study shows that there is an association between the epimorphin expression and pulmonary hypoplasia associated with CDH. Although the cause-effect relationship is far from being established, epimorphin-related mechanisms have a more critical role in early (D16) developmental stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İlke Akpinar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ohyama M, Zheng Y, Paus R, Stenn KS. The mesenchymal component of hair follicle neogenesis: background, methods and molecular characterization. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:89-99. [PMID: 19650868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration occur by an extensive and collaborative crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal skin components. A series of pioneering studies, which revealed an indispensable role of follicular dermal papilla and dermal sheath cells in this crosstalk, has led workers in the field to study in detail the anatomical distribution, functional properties, and molecular signature of the trichogenic dermal cells. The purpose of this paper was to provide a practical summary of the development and recent advances in the study of trichogenic dermal cells. Following a short review of the relevant literature, the methods for isolating and culturing these cells are summarized. Next, the bioassays, both in vivo and in vitro, that enable the evaluation of trichogenic properties of tested dermal cells are described in detail. A list of trichogenic molecular markers identified by those assays is also provided. Finally, this methods review is completed by defining some of the major questions needing resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen CS, Nelson CM, Khauv D, Bennett S, Radisky ES, Hirai Y, Bissell MJ, Radisky DC. Homology with vesicle fusion mediator syntaxin-1a predicts determinants of epimorphin/syntaxin-2 function in mammary epithelial morphogenesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:6877-84. [PMID: 19129200 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805908200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that branching morphogenesis of mammary ductal structures requires the action of the morphogen epimorphin/syntaxin-2. Epimorphin, originally identified as an extracellular molecule, is identical to syntaxin-2, an intracellular molecule that is a member of the extensively investigated syntaxin family of proteins that mediate vesicle trafficking. We show here that, although epimorphin/syntaxin-2 is highly homologous to syntaxin-1a, only epimorphin/syntaxin-2 can stimulate mammary branching morphogenesis. We construct a homology model of epimorphin/syntaxin-2 based on the published structure of syntaxin-1a, and we use this model to identify the structural motif responsible for the morphogenic activity. We identify four residues located within the cleft between helices B and C that differ between syntaxin-1a and epimorphin/syntaxin-2; through site-directed mutagenesis of these four amino acids, we confer the properties of epimorphin for cell adhesion, gene activation, and branching morphogenesis onto the inactive syntaxin-1a template. These results provide a dramatic demonstration of the use of structural information about one molecule to define a functional motif of a second molecule that is related at the sequence level but highly divergent functionally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connie S Chen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giehl KA, Rogers MA, Radivojkov M, Tosti A, de Berker DAR, Weinlich G, Schmuth M, Ruzicka T, Eckstein GN. Pili annulati: refinement of the locus on chromosome 12q24.33 to a 2.9-Mb interval and candidate gene analysis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 160:527-33. [PMID: 19067701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pili annulati is an autosomal dominant hair shaft disorder characterized by alternating light and dark bands in hairs of affected individuals. Recently, a locus for pili annulati was mapped to chromosome 12q24.32-24.33 and recombination events defined a critical region of 9.2 cM (3.9 Mb). OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to narrow the size of the candidate region and to identify the pathogenic mutation for pili annulati by analysing the candidate genes. METHODS In three families with 90 individuals, including 40 affected subjects, linkage analysis was performed with 13 microsatellite markers in the candidate region on chromosome 12. Candidate genes were analysed for their expression in hair follicles and other tissues by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and mutation analysis. RESULTS Multipoint LOD score analysis for all three families confirmed the locus on the long arm of chromosome 12 with a maximum LOD score of 12.26 at marker D12S357. In two families, recombinations were identified which narrowed the region to 2.9 Mb containing 36 genes. We analysed the candidate genes in this region by RT-PCR and found that 24 were expressed in human hair follicles. Based on the result of the expression analysis, DNA sequencing of the coding region of the candidate genes was performed; this did not result in the discovery of a causal mutation. CONCLUSION We reduced the critical interval of pili annulati to 2.9 Mb and excluded mutations in the coding region of all 36 possible candidate genes by sequence analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Giehl
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kloepper JE, Tiede S, Brinckmann J, Reinhardt DP, Meyer W, Faessler R, Paus R. Immunophenotyping of the human bulge region: the quest to define useful in situ markers for human epithelial hair follicle stem cells and their niche. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:592-609. [PMID: 18558994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of epithelial hair follicle stem cells (eHFSCs) in the bulge of human hair follicles (HFs) an important quest has started: to define useful markers. In the current study, we contribute to this by critically evaluating corresponding published immunoreactivity (IR) patterns, and by attempting to identify markers for the in situ identification of human eHFSCs and their niche. For this, human scalp skin cryosections of at least five different individuals were examined, employing standard immunohistology as well as increased sensitivity methods. Defined reference areas were compared by quantitative immunohistochemistry for the relative intensity of their specific IR. According to our experience, the most useful positive markers for human bulge cells turned out to be cytokeratin 15, cytokeratin 19 and CD200, but were not exclusive, while beta1 integrin and Lhx2 IR were not upregulated by human bulge keratinocytes. Absent IR for CD34, connexin43 and nestin on human bulge cells may be exploited as negative markers. alpha6 integrin, fibronectin, nidogen, fibrillin-1 and latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-binding protein-1 were expressed throughout the connective tissue sheath of human HFs. On the other hand, tenascin-C was upregulated in the bulge and may thus constitute a component of the bulge stem cell niche of human HFs. These immunophenotyping results shed further light on the in situ expression patterns of claimed follicular 'stem cell markers' and suggest that not a single marker alone but only the use of a limited corresponding panel of positive and negative markers may offer a reasonable and pragmatic compromise for identifying human bulge stem cells in situ.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hirai Y, Takebe K, Nakajima K. Structural optimization of pep7, a small peptide extracted from epimorphin, for effective induction of hair follicle anagen. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:692-9. [PMID: 16098129 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epimorphin is representative of a unique class of stromal membrane-anchored proteins that plays distinct functions depending on its membrane topology. When exposed extracellularly, this molecule acts as a morphoregulator for various tissues including hair follicle epithelia. Previous study identified its functional domain (the pep7 domain: SIEQSCDQDE) for hair follicular morphogenesis followed by the successful generation of a chemically modified active peptide. Here, we report optimization of this peptide by the introduction of sequential mutations and subsequent structural determination. We found that three residues from the C-terminus are dispensable, and alternation of the seventh amino acid to an Alanine residue enhanced activity. To favour the biologically active conformation, epsilon-Acp (NH(CH(2))(5)CO) linked to a Cysteine residue was connected at the N-terminus followed by the introduction of an intramolecular disulphide bridge, the modification process of which could be included in the peptide synthesis. The obtained modified peptide, termed 'EPM (epimorphin-derived) peptide', has a Mw of 950 Da and exerts an inductive effect on hair follicle regeneration at a concentration of approximately 0.00001% or even lower. The action of this EPM peptide was more apparent in mice treated with 1% minoxidil, suggesting its potential clinical benefit as a new type of hair-regenerating agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hirai
- Department of Morphoregulation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Takebe K, Oka Y, Radisky D, Tsuda H, Tochigui K, Koshida S, Kogo K, Hirai Y. Epimorphin acts to induce hair follicle anagen in C57BL/6 mice. FASEB J 2003; 17:2037-47. [PMID: 14597673 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0386com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epimorphin is a mesenchymal morphogen that has been shown to mediate epithelial-mesenchymal signaling interactions in various organs. We now show that epimorphin functions in hair follicle morphogenesis; using a novel ex vivo organ culture assay, we define a mechanism for epimorphin signaling that may provide insight into general developmental processes. We found that epimorphin was produced by follicular mesenchymal cells and bound selectively to follicular epithelial cells, and that treatment with recombinant epimorphin could stimulate procession of hair follicles from telogen (resting stage) to anagen (growing stage). Based on analyses of epimorphin proteolytic digests that suggested a smaller peptide might be able to substitute for the full-length epimorphin molecule, we determined that pep7, a 10-amino acid peptide, was capable of inducing telogen-to-anagen transition both in the culture assay and in the mouse. That pep7 showed maximal activity only when modified with specific sulfhydryl-reactive reagents suggested that a particular structural conformation of the peptide was essential for activity; molecular dynamics studies were pursued to investigate the active peptide structure. These findings define a previously unknown morphogenic process in the hair follicle that may have applications to many other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Takebe
- EPM project groups, Osaka R and D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries LTD. 1, Taya-cho Sakae-ku, Yokohama 244-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Radisky DC, Hirai Y, Bissell MJ. Delivering the message: epimorphin and mammary epithelial morphogenesis. Trends Cell Biol 2003; 13:426-34. [PMID: 12888295 PMCID: PMC2933193 DOI: 10.1016/s0962-8924(03)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland consists of a highly branched tubular epithelium surrounded by a complex mesenchymal stroma. Epimorphin is an extracellular protein that is expressed by mammary mesenchymal cells that directs epithelial morphogenesis. Depending upon the context of presentation--polar versus apolar--epimorphin can selectively direct two key processes of tubulogenesis: branching morphogenesis (processes involved in tubule initiation and extension) and luminal morphogenesis (required for enlargement of tubule caliber). Here, we outline the fundamentals of mammary gland development and describe the function of epimorphin in these processes. We conclude with a review of recent studies that suggest similar morphogenic roles for epimorphin in other glandular organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Radisky
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Osaka R&D Laboratory (Yokohama-lab), Sumitomo Electric Industries, Yokohama 244, Japan
| | - Mina J. Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shirasaka T, Iizuka M, Yukawa M, Hirai Y, Horie Y, Itou H, Kon-No S, Fukushima T, Watanabe S. Altered expression of epimorphin in ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18:570-7. [PMID: 12702050 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.02972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epimorphin is suggested to play a key role in the morphogenesis of epithelial cells. We focused on epimorphin and attempted to clarify the relationship between expression of this molecule and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Colonic specimens were taken from 23 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 15 with Crohn's disease (CD), six with non-IBD colitis, and 10 normal controls. Distribution and expression of epimorphin protein were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, and expression of epimorphin messenger (m)RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was also examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the normal colonic mucosa, epimorphin was observed around the epithelial cells, in some fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and macrophages. In UC patients, epimorphin around epithelial cells disappeared or decreased, and the number of epimorphin-containing cells (mean + standard error/mm2) was significantly increased in active UC patients (1550.8 +/- 144.2) compared with patients in remission (692.8 +/- 45.8), CD patients (790.0 +/- 31.2), non-IBD colitis patients (710.8 +/- 29.2), and controls (664.8 +/- 39.6) (P < 0.01). The number of bFGF-containing cells was significantly increased in active UC and CD patients compared with UC patients in remission, CD and non-IBD colitis patients, and controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Total expression of epimorphin protein and mRNA was increased in the active stage of UC. Expression of the 34 kDa epimorphin isoform decreased or disappeared in 20 out of 23 cases of UC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that altered expression of epimorphin contributes to impaired healing and chronic inflammation in the colonic mucosa of UC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shirasaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Biomedical Research and Development Department, Sumitomo Electric Industries, and Department of Surgery, Yokohama Municipal Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hayashi K, Mochizuki M, Nomizu M, Uchinuma E, Yamashina S, Kadoya Y. Inhibition of hair follicle growth by a laminin-1 G-domain peptide, RKRLQVQLSIRT, in an organ culture of isolated vibrissa rudiment. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:712-8. [PMID: 11918721 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We established a serum-free organ culture system of isolated single vibrissa rudiments taken from embryonic day 13 mice. This system allowed us to test more than 30 laminin-derived cell adhesive peptides to determine their roles on the growth and differentiation of vibrissa hair follicles. We found that the RKRLQVQLSIRT sequence (designated AG-73), which mapped to the LG-4 module of the laminin-alpha1 chain carboxyl-terminal G domain, perturbed the growth of hair follicles in vitro. AG-73 is one of the cell-binding peptides identified from more than 600 systematically synthesized 12 amino acid peptides covering the whole amino acid sequence of the laminin-alpha1, -beta1, and -gamma1 chains, by cell adhesion assay. Other cell-adhesive laminin peptides and a control scrambled peptide, LQQRRSVLRTKI, however, failed to show any significant effects on the growth of hair follicles. The AG-73 peptide binds to syndecan-1, a transmembrane heparan-sulfate proteoglycan. Syndecan-1 was expressed in both the mesenchymal condensation and the epithelial hair peg of developing vibrissa, suggesting that AG-73 binding to the cell surface syndecan-1 perturbed the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions of developing vibrissa. The formation of hair bulbs was aberrant in the explants treated with AG-73. In addition, impaired basement membrane formation, an abnormal cytoplasmic bleb formation, and an unusual basal formation of actin bundles were noted in the AG-73-treated-hair matrix epithelium, indicating that AG-73 binding perturbs various steps of epithelial morphogenesis, including the basement membrane remodeling. We also found a region-specific loss of the laminin-alpha1 chain in the basement membrane at the distal region of the invading hair follicle epithelium, indicating that laminins play a part in hair morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lehnert L, Lerch MM, Hirai Y, Kruse ML, Schmiegel W, Kalthoff H. Autocrine stimulation of human pancreatic duct-like development by soluble isoforms of epimorphin in vitro. J Cell Biol 2001; 152:911-22. [PMID: 11238448 PMCID: PMC2198814 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.152.5.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimorphin was recently described as a mesenchymal factor modulating morphogenesis of murine mammary ducts, skin, liver, and lung in vitro. In this study epimorphin was analyzed in a human, pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (A818-6) which develops single layer epithelial hollow spheres resembling normal pancreatic ductal structures in vitro. Soluble 34- and 31-kD isoforms of epimorphin were found in the culture supernatant of A818-6 cells. In lysates of A818-6 cells we detected the 34-and 31-kD isoforms and the dimers, and in lysates of fibroblasts the 150-kD tetramers of epimorphin additionally. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody against epimorphin (MC-1) efficiently blocked the development of hollow sphere structures from A818-6 cells. Coculture of A818-6 cells with fibroblasts stimulated the development of hollow sphere structures in general and increased differentiation in 5-6-d-old hollow spheres. A818-6 hollow sphere development in the presence of fibroblasts was also blocked by MC-1. In this novel system for human duct-like differentiation of pancreatic epithelial cells, we provide evidence for an autocrine and paracrine function of epimorphin as a major mediator for morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Lehnert
- Molecular Oncology, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine B, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Sumitomo Industries, Yokohama 244-8588, Japan
| | - Marie-Luise Kruse
- First Department of Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Wolff Schmiegel
- Medical Clinic, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr, University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Molecular Oncology, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery
| |
Collapse
|