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Sun SR, Wu M, Wulipan F, Shen L, Ma JX, Chen PP, Hu YW, Zhang HD, Xie YH. [Clinical features and treatment outcome of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:324-331. [PMID: 33979978 PMCID: PMC8120126 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical features and effect of prognostic factors in patients with different pathological types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Methods: We collected and analyzed the clinical data of 89 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis who were treated at Huadong Hospital from March 2013 to May 2020. The data were analyzed via log-rank and Cox multivariate analyses. Results: The median overall survival time of the 89 cases was 10.2 months. Patients with B-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis did not reach the median overall survival time. The median overall survival times of T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and NK-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis were 10.2 and 3.0 months, respectively. The pathological type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OS: P=0041, PFS: P=0.015) , ECOG score ≥ 3 (OS: P=0.031, PFS: P=0.030) , hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (OS: P=0.005, PFS: P=0.040) , lymphadenopathy (OS: P=0.007, PFS: P=0.012) , and splenomegaly (OS: P=0.276, PFS: P=0.324) were related to the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Splenectomy could improve the prognosis of patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, especially T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of patients with different pathological types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis were similar but were different in the overall survival rate and the effect of prognostic factors. We suggested that patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should receive more than combined chemotherapy. To improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients, those with B-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and NK-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis promptly require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, patients with T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should consider splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Sun
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fulati Wulipan
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - L Shen
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J X Ma
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - P P Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Y W Hu
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - H D Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Y H Xie
- Department of Hematology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Abstract
Although about 90% of the world's population is infected by EBV only a small subset of the related infections result in neoplastic transformation. EBV is a versatile oncogenic agent involved in a multitude of hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal neoplasms, but the precise role of EBV in the pathogenesis of many of the associated lymphoid/histiocytic proliferations remains hypothetical or not completely understood. Additional studies and use of evolving technologies such as high-throughput next-generation sequencing may help address this knowledge gap and may lead to enhanced diagnostic assessment and the development of potential therapeutic interventions.
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3
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de Mel S, Hue SSS, Jeyasekharan AD, Chng WJ, Ng SB. Molecular pathogenic pathways in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:33. [PMID: 30935402 PMCID: PMC6444858 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Although L-asparaginase-based chemotherapy has resulted in improved response rates, relapse occurs in up to 50% of patients with disseminated disease. There is hence an urgent need for effective targeted therapy, especially for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. Novel insights gleaned from high-throughput molecular and genomic profiling studies in recent years have contributed significantly to the understanding of the molecular biology of ENKTL, which exemplifies many of the hallmarks of cancer. Deregulated pro-proliferative signaling pathways, such as the Janus-associated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Aurora kinase, MYC, and NF-κB, have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. The discovery of the non-canonical function of EZH2 as a pro-proliferative transcriptional co-activator has shed further light on the pathogenesis of ENKTL. Loss of key tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 6q21 also plays an important role. The best-studied examples include PR domain zinc finger protein 1(PRDM1), protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa (PTPRK), and FOXO3. Promoter hypermethylation has been shown to result in the downregulation of other tumor suppressor genes in ENKTL, which may be potentially targeted through hypomethylating agents. Deregulation of apoptosis through p53 mutations and upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin, may provide a further growth advantage to this tumor. A deranged DNA damage response as a result of the aberration of ataxia telangiectasia-related (ATR) kinases can lead to significant genomic instability and may contribute to chemoresistance of ENKTL. Recently, immune evasion has emerged as a critical pathway for survival in ENKTL and may be a consequence of HLA dysregulation or STAT3-driven upregulation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Immunotherapy via inhibition of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling holds great promise as a novel therapeutic option. In this review, we present an overview of the key molecular and pathogenic pathways in ENKTL, organized using the framework of the "hallmarks of cancer" as described by Hanahan and Weinberg, with a focus on those with the greatest translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay de Mel
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Susan Swee-Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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4
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Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:18-41. [PMID: 29885408 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to many human neoplasms including hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal tumors. Since our original review of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in 2007, many advances and developments have been reported. In this review, we will examine the recent advances in EBV-associated lymphoid/histiocytic proliferations, dividing them into reactive, B cell, T/NK cell, immunodeficiency-related, and histiocytic/dendritic cell proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Rezk
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA
| | - Lawrence M Weiss
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA; NeoGenomics Laboratories, Aliso Viejo, 92656, CA
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5
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Banerjee S, Uppal T, Strahan R, Dabral P, Verma SC. The Modulation of Apoptotic Pathways by Gammaherpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:585. [PMID: 27199919 PMCID: PMC4847483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a tightly regulated process fundamental for cellular development and elimination of damaged or infected cells during the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It is also an important cellular defense mechanism against viral invasion. In many instances, abnormal regulation of apoptosis has been associated with a number of diseases, including cancer development. Following infection of host cells, persistent and oncogenic viruses such as the members of the Gammaherpesvirus family employ a number of different mechanisms to avoid the host cell’s “burglar” alarm and to alter the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways by either deregulating the expressions of cellular signaling genes or by encoding the viral homologs of cellular genes. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how gammaherpesviruses inhibit cellular apoptosis via virus-encoded proteins by mediating modification of numerous signal transduction pathways. We also list the key viral anti-apoptotic proteins that could be exploited as effective targets for novel antiviral therapies in order to stimulate apoptosis in different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Noida, India
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Roxanne Strahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prerna Dabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
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6
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Fu Q, He C, Mao ZR. Epstein-Barr virus interactions with the Bcl-2 protein family and apoptosis in human tumor cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:8-24. [PMID: 23303627 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human gammaherpesvirus carried by more than 90% of the world's population, is associated with malignant tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoma, extra-nodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas in immune-compromised patients. In the process of infection, EBV faces challenges: the host cell environment is harsh, and the survival and apoptosis of host cells are precisely regulated. Only when host cells receive sufficient survival signals may they immortalize. To establish efficiently a lytic or long-term latent infection, EBV must escape the host cell immunologic mechanism and resist host cell apoptosis by interfering with multiple signaling pathways. This review details the apoptotic pathway disrupted by EBV in EBV-infected cells and describes the interactions of EBV gene products with host cellular factors as well as the function of these factors, which decide the fate of the host cell. The relationships between other EBV-encoded genes and proteins of the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (Bcl) family are unknown. Still, EBV seems to contribute to establishing its own latency and the formation of tumors by modifying events that impact cell survival and proliferation as well as the immune response of the infected host. We discuss potential therapeutic drugs to provide a foundation for further studies of tumor pathogenesis aimed at exploiting novel therapeutic strategies for EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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George LC, Rowe M, Fox CP. Epstein-Barr Virus and the Pathogenesis of T and NK Lymphoma: a Mystery Unsolved. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7:276-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Ishii H, Takahara M, Nagato T, Kis LL, Nagy N, Kishibe K, Harabuchi Y, Klein E. Monocytes enhance cell proliferation and LMP1 expression of nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cells by cell contact-dependent interaction through membrane-bound IL-15. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:48-58. [PMID: 21618217 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancy with poor prognosis and has distinct histological features characterized by angiocentric and polymorphous lymphoreticular infiltrates including inflammatory cells such as granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. Here, we show that the monocytes enhance proliferation as well as LMP1 expression of NNKTL cells by cell contact-dependent interaction through membrane-bound interleukin (IL)-15. We used two EBV-positive NK-cell lines, SNK6 and KAI3, which originated from two patients-SNK6 from a patient with NNKTL and KAI3 from a patient with a severe mosquito allergy. We cocultured the cell lines with granulocytes or monocytes and examined whether proliferation, survival and LMP1 expression of the cells changed. Although cocultured granulocytes did not affect proliferation, survival or LMP1 expression of the cells, cocultured monocytes enhanced both proliferation and LMP1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. These phenomena were not seen when monocytes were placed in a separate chamber. Moreover, the monocyte-inducible proliferation and LMP1 expression were inhibited by treatment with an antibody against IL-15. Furthermore, production of interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10 were enhanced by coculture with monocytes and were inhibited by the antibody. Immunohistological studies confirmed that a number of infiltrating CD14-positive monocytes contacted CD56-positive lymphoma cells in all of 20 NNKTL tissues tested. These results suggest that monocytes enhance cell growth as well as LMP1 expression of NNKTL cells by cell contact-dependent interaction through membrane-bound IL-15. In the microenvironment of NNKTL tissue, a positive feedback loop of interaction between lymphoma cells and monocytes may be present and contribute to lymphoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ishii
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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9
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Rezk SA, Weiss LM. Epstein-Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:1293-304. [PMID: 17707260 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the human herpesvirus family that was initially isolated from a cultured Burkitt lymphoma cell line by Epstein et al in 1964. Subsequent studies have proven that it is the causative agent in most cases of infectious mononucleosis. Primary infection is usually asymptomatic in childhood; but in adulthood, it is associated with a self-limiting infectious mononucleosis syndrome in approximately one third of the cases. EBV has been linked to many human neoplasms including hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal tumors. In this review, we will only discuss the EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, dividing them into B-cell, T/NK-cell, and HIV-related lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Rezk
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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10
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Takahara M, Kis LL, Nagy N, Liu A, Harabuchi Y, Klein G, Klein E. Concomitant increase of LMP1 and CD25 (IL-2-receptor alpha) expression induced by IL-10 in the EBV-positive NK lines SNK6 and KAI3. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:2775-83. [PMID: 17013900 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extranodal, nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas are regularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive, with a type II latency pattern, expressing thus EBNA-1 and LMP1. The contribution of EBV to the tumor development is not known. Similarly to normal natural killer (NK) cells, cell lines derived from malignancies with a NK phenotype require IL-2 for in vitro proliferation. In our effort to explore the contribution of EBV, particularly the role of the LMP1 protein, to the pathogenesis of the NK lymphoma we found that its expression, studied in the NK-lines SNK6 and KAI3, depended on the supply of IL-2 or other cytokines. In the absence of IL-2 other cytokines, such as IL-10 and IFN-gamma, could maintain LMP1, but the cells did not proliferate. When grown in IL-2, the SNK6 cells produced IL-10 and IFN-gamma, and these cytokines mediated the expression of LMP1. IL-10 treatment enhanced, while IFN-gamma receptor blocking antibody reduced, the expression of CD25 and CD54 in the EBV-positive, but not in the EBV-negative lines. IL-10 treated cells required lower amount of IL-2 for proliferation compared to the untreated cells. This effect was seen only with the EBV-positive NK lines in which LMP1 and CD25 were concomitantly upregulated. By this mechanism EBV could have an important role in the development of NK lymphoma since the inflammatory component in the tumor tissue can provide these cytokines.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/growth & development
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/pharmacology
- Interleukin-15/genetics
- Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- LIM Domain Proteins
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takahara
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Nagy ZS, Rui H, Stepkowski SM, Karras J, Kirken RA. A Preferential Role for STAT5, not Constitutively Active STAT3, in Promoting Survival of a Human Lymphoid Tumor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:5032-40. [PMID: 17015686 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATs are believed to play key roles in normal and abnormal cell function. In the present work, we investigated the role of STATs in an IL-2-responsive human lymphoblastic lymphoma-derived cell line, YT. Only STAT3 was found constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated, but not other STATs. Hyperactive STAT3 was not attributable to a pre-existing intermediate affinity IL-2R complex and/or hyperactive Jak activity. Depletion of STAT3 protein expression reduced tumor cell viability with protracted kinetics (72-96 h), while TUNEL assays demonstrated cell death occurred via apoptosis. Interestingly, depletion of STAT5 in this same tumor induced more pronounced cell death compared with STAT3 depletion (24 h). Although IL-2 was able to rescue STAT3-depleted cells from death, it could not compensate for the loss of STAT5. To determine the prosurvival function of STAT3 vs STAT5 within the same tumor model, genes were profiled in STAT3- or STAT5-depleted YT cells by apoptosis-specific microarrays. Several differentially expressed genes were identified. Interestingly, those genes involved in NF-kappaB regulation, such as TNFR-associated factors 2 and 5 and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 10, were readily decreased upon STAT5, but not STAT3, depletion as validated by quantitative RT-PCR. These results suggest that STAT5 and, to a lesser extent, hyperactive STAT3 provide preferential and critical cell survival signals for certain human lymphoid tumors, indicating that nonhyperactive STATs should be considered as therapeutic targets for abrogating tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna S Nagy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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12
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Burgess SC, Young JR, Baaten BJG, Hunt L, Ross LNJ, Parcells MS, Kumar PM, Tregaskes CA, Lee LF, Davison TF. Marek's disease is a natural model for lymphomas overexpressing Hodgkin's disease antigen (CD30). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:13879-84. [PMID: 15356338 PMCID: PMC518847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0305789101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Hodgkin's and many diverse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas overexpress the Hodgkin's disease antigen CD30 (CD30(hi)), a tumor necrosis factor receptor II family member. Here we show that chicken Marek's disease (MD) lymphoma cells are also CD30(hi) and are a unique natural model for CD30(hi) lymphoma. Chicken CD30 resembles an ancestral form, and we identify a previously undescribed potential cytoplasmic signaling domain conserved in chicken, human, and mouse CD30. Our phylogeneic analysis defines a relationship between the structures of human and mouse CD30 and confirms that mouse CD30 represents the ancestral mammalian gene structure. CD30 expression by MD virus (MDV)-transformed lymphocytes correlates with expression of the MDV Meq putative oncogene (a c-Jun homologue) in vivo. The chicken CD30 promoter has 15 predicted high-stringency Meq-binding transcription factor recognition motifs, and Meq enhances transcription from the CD30 promoter in vitro. Plasma proteomics identified a soluble form of CD30. CD30 overexpression is evolutionarily conserved and defines one class of neoplastic transformation events, regardless of etiology. We propose that CD30 is a component of a critical intracellular signaling pathway perturbed in neoplastic transformation. Specific anti-CD30 Igs occurred after infection of genetically MD-resistant chickens with oncogenic MDV, suggesting immunity to CD30 could play a role in MD lymphoma regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Burgess
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 1600, Mississippi State, MS 39762-6100, USA.
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13
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Li XP, Li G, Peng Y, Kung HF, Lin MC. Suppression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 by RNA interference inhibits the metastatic potential of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315:212-8. [PMID: 15013447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic tumor characterized by close association with EBV. Of the EBV-encoded products, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) is thought to be the only oncoprotein playing an essential role in cell transformation as well as tumor metastasis. In this study, we tested the effect of suppressing LMP-1 by RNA interference (RNAi) on the proliferative and metastatic potentials of an EBV-positive NPC cell line, C666. We showed that stably suppressing LMP-1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid significantly altered cell motility, substratum adhesion, and transmembrane invasion ability. However, it has little effect on the rate of cell growth and cell cycle control. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of RNAi in suppressing LMP-1, supporting an important role of LMP-1 in NPC metastasis, and suggested a potential application of RNAi-mediated therapeutic strategy for EBV-related NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Kawa K. Diagnosis and treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated natural killer cell lymphoproliferative disease. Int J Hematol 2003; 78:24-31. [PMID: 12894847 DOI: 10.1007/bf02983236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exhibits tropism for both lymphocytes and epithelial cells and can induce both replicative (productive/lytic) and latent (persistent) infections that result in a variety of human diseases. With regard to lymphocytes, latent EBV infection is linked to development of heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), such as B-cell LPD and T-cell/natural killer cell (T/NK cell) LPD. Unlike B-cell LPD, LPD derived from T-cells and NK cells sometimes has overlapping clinical symptoms, as well as histologic and immunophenotypic features, because both types of cells are derived from a common precursor. However, determination of cell lineage is important in classification of lymphoid neoplasms, and combined modern techniques allows us to distinguish NK cell LPD from T-cell LPD in most instances. Because NK cell LPD seems to be heterogeneous in terms of clinical features, prognosis, and diagnosis and has a monoclonal or polyclonal (or oligoclonal) nature, this review attempts to clarify recent research and clinical findings and to establish diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisei Kawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi City, Osaka, Japan.
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15
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Masy E, Adriaenssens E, Montpellier C, Crépieux P, Mougel A, Quatannens B, Goormachtigh G, Faumont N, Meggetto F, Auriault C, Groux H, Coll J. Human monocytic cell lines transformed in vitro by Epstein-Barr virus display a type II latency and LMP-1-dependent proliferation. J Virol 2002; 76:6460-72. [PMID: 12050358 PMCID: PMC136267 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.13.6460-6472.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) classically infects and transforms B lymphocytes in vitro, yielding lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In contrast to other herpesviruses, EBV is not described as an infectious agent for monocytes. However, recent papers described in vitro infection of monocytes leading to abortive or transient viral expression. In the present study, we report the characterization of E1, a monocytic cell line infected and transformed by EBV. This cell line was derived from an LCL by a drastic electroporation and selection of neomycin-resistant cells, unfavorable to B-cell outgrowth. E1 expressed surface molecules of monocytic lineage (CD14, major histocompatibility complex class II, and CD80) and the c-fms gene, a highly specific marker for the monocytic lineage. This cell line is able to phagocytose and secrete proinflammatory monokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8. E1 cells are tumorigenic after injection in nude mice, and a monocytic cell line obtained from one of these tumors (TE1) displayed immunophenotype and functional properties similar to those of E1. We detected the presence of the EBV genome in both cell lines, as well as expression of the EBNA-1 and LMP-1, but not EBNA-2, viral genes, characteristic of a type II latency. LMP-1 influences the phenotype of these monocytic cell lines, as demonstrated by down-regulation of cell proliferation and membrane intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression due to an LMP-1 antisense strategy. This is the first description of a latently infected human monocytic cell line and the first direct demonstration of an instrumental role for LMP-1 in the proliferation of EBV-transformed cell lines expressing a type II latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Masy
- UMR 8527, CNRS/Lille II/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue Calmette, 59021 Lille Cedex, France
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Masciarelli S, Mattioli B, Galletti R, Samoggia P, Chichiarelli S, Mearini G, Mattia E. Antisense to Epstein Barr Virus-encoded LMP1 does not affect the transcription of viral and cellular proliferation-related genes, but induces phenotypic effects on EBV-transformed B lymphocytes. Oncogene 2002; 21:4166-70. [PMID: 12037673 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2001] [Revised: 03/01/2002] [Accepted: 03/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent genes EBNA-2, EBNA-3A, -3C, EBNA-LP and LMP1 are essential for growth transformation and immortalization of B lymphocytes. Among these genes, LMP1 plays a key role in the survival and dissemination of the infected B cells by inducing anti-apoptotic genes and surface expression of several activation antigens and adhesion molecules. We have previously shown that antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed to LMP1 mRNA, effectively suppress LMP1 gene expression and substantially reduce B95.8 cell proliferation. In this study, we have used antisense LMP1 oligomers to investigate whether LMP1 suppression might influence the expression of latent EBV genes with oncogenic potential, anti-apoptotic genes, or affect the phenotype of EBV-infected B95.8 cells. Our data show that LMP1 suppression does not affect the transcription of EBNA-2, EBNA-3A, -3B and -3C genes, or that of bcl-2 and mcl-1 anti-apoptotic genes. In contrast, consistent modifications in the expression of CD39, CD54, CD23, CD11 and CD10 molecules were observed in B95.8 cells after treatment with antisense LMP1. Our findings support the possibility for using LMP1 antisense oligomers as therapeutics in EBV-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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