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Parenterally Administered P24-VP8* Nanoparticle Vaccine Conferred Strong Protection against Rotavirus Diarrhea and Virus Shedding in Gnotobiotic Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040177. [PMID: 31698824 PMCID: PMC6963946 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current live rotavirus vaccines are costly with increased risk of intussusception due to vaccine replication in the gut of vaccinated children. New vaccines with improved safety and cost-effectiveness are needed. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel P24-VP8* nanoparticle vaccine using the gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of human rotavirus infection and disease. Three doses of P24-VP8* (200 μg/dose) intramuscular vaccine with Al(OH)3 adjuvant (600 μg) conferred significant protection against infection and diarrhea after challenge with virulent Wa strain rotavirus. This was indicated by the significant reduction in the mean duration of diarrhea, virus shedding in feces, and significantly lower fecal cumulative consistency scores in post-challenge day (PCD) 1-7 among vaccinated pigs compared to the mock immunized controls. The P24-VP8* vaccine was highly immunogenic in Gn pigs. It induced strong VP8*-specific serum IgG and Wa-specific virus-neutralizing antibody responses from post-inoculation day 21 to PCD 7, but did not induce serum or intestinal IgA antibody responses or a strong effector T cell response, which are consistent with the immunization route, the adjuvant used, and the nature of the non-replicating vaccine. The findings are highly translatable and thus will facilitate clinical trials of the P24-VP8* nanoparticle vaccine.
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Liu X, Mustonen A, Zheng W, Sivasankar MP, Durkes AC. Cigarette Smoke Exposure to Pig Larynx in an Inhalation Chamber. J Voice 2019; 33:846-850. [PMID: 29983221 PMCID: PMC6320720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on the pig larynx using an inhalation chamber. Specifically, we compared the effects of cigarette smoke exposure from either 3 cigarettes per day (3cd) or 15 cigarettes per day (15cd) for 20 days. STUDY DESIGN In vivo prospective design. METHODS Female pigs were exposed via an inhalation chamber to cigarette smoke (3R4F research cigarettes) from 3cd (n = 6) or 15cd (n = 6) for 20 days. Outcomes included histopathology of vocal fold and airway tissues; gene expression of interleukins, TNF-α, and VEGF; protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6; and number of coughs recorded in the chamber. RESULTS Pigs exposed to cigarette smoke from 15cd exhibited mild vocal fold edema as compared to the 3cd group on histopathological evaluation. There was also minimal inflammation of nasal and tracheal tissue characterized by presence of more granulocytes in the 15cd group compared to the 3cd group. Cough frequency was significantly greater for the 15cd group compared to the 3cd group. CONCLUSIONS A custom-designed large animal inhalation chamber successfully challenged pigs repeatedly, to varying levels of cigarette smoke. Future studies will combine such low levels of smoke exposure with other common challenges such as acid reflux to understand the multifactorial causation of laryngeal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Allison Mustonen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Abigail C Durkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Martín‐Oviedo C, Maranillo E, Sañudo JR, Pérez‐Lloret P, Verdú E, Martínez‐Guirado T, Álvarez‐Montero O, Gómez Martín‐Zarco JM, Vázquez T. The Human Laryngeal Innervation Revisited—The Role of the Neural Connections. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:646-651. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Maranillo
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of MedicineComplutense University of Madrid Spain
| | - José Ramón Sañudo
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of MedicineComplutense University of Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez‐Lloret
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of MedicineComplutense University of Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Teresa Vázquez
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of MedicineComplutense University of Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio MarañónMadrid Spain
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Lechien JR, Saussez S, Harmegnies B, Finck C, Burns JA. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Voice Disorders: A Multifactorial Model of Etiology and Pathophysiology. J Voice 2017; 31:733-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shipchandler TZ, Lott DG, Lorenz RR, Friedman AD, Dan O, Strome M. New Mouse Model for Studying Laryngeal Transplantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 118:465-8. [DOI: 10.1177/000348940911800610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Laryngeal transplantation research has been studied in various animal models. For in-depth, immunology-based transplantation research, however, a thoroughly studied animal model must exist. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable surgical technique in mice to serve as a model for further study of laryngeal transplantation. Methods Heterotopic laryngeal transplantation was attempted in 15 immunocompetent mice by use of modifications of previously described techniques established in rats. Results Various microvascular techniques were used that led to 8 successful transplants (of 15) with patent vascularity at the time of sacrifice. The first 7 attempts at transplantation were unsuccessful because of technical difficulties related to vessel size, soft tissue traumatic injury, and venous congestion. Subsequently, 8 transplantation procedures were successfully performed after modifications of the surgical technique. Conclusions This pilot study describes the reproducible surgical techniques performed in using mice for studying laryngeal transplantation. Mice are cost-effective and immunologically well studied, and are thus ideal for further laryngeal transplantation research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G. Lott
- Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Olivia Dan
- Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Hughes OR, Ayling SM, Birchall MA. Innate Immune Response of the Pig Laryngeal Mucosa to Endotracheal Intubation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 154:138-43. [PMID: 26567047 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815617125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to measure the effects of endotracheal intubation on innate immune response within the pig laryngeal mucosa. Study Design Prospective controlled basic science study. Setting The animal experiments and analyses were conducted at the University of Bristol. Samples and Methods Eighteen pigs, matched at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), were used in the study. The pigs were divided into 9 pairs. One of each pair (9 pigs in total) was intubated with an endotracheal tube under general anesthesia for 90 minutes. Two days later, pinch biopsies were taken from the supraglottis (specifically the false cords) and subglottis of both pigs. The experiment was repeated 8 more times. Based on quantitative immunohistochemistry, percentage areas of positive staining for CD172a, CD163, MHC class II, CD14, and CD16 were calculated separately for the epithelium and lamina propria of each biopsy. Results Total areas of laryngeal mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria) expressing CD172a and coexpressing CD163 and CD172a were significantly reduced at 2 days following endotracheal intubation ( P = .039 and P = .037, respectively). MHC class II expression and MHC class II coexpression with CD172a were similarly reduced following intubation ( P = .003 and P = .005, respectively). In the supraglottis, MHC class II coexpression with CD16 and CD14 was also reduced following endotracheal intubation ( P = .037). Conclusions Our results indicate that endotracheal intubation reduces the number of innate immune cells within the upper airway mucosa. This may be an important first step in a cascade leading to chronic wound and scar formation causing airway stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owain R. Hughes
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah M. Ayling
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin A. Birchall
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, and University College London, London, UK
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Philipson CW, Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R. Animal models of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:281-91. [PMID: 23680797 PMCID: PMC3744513 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) has been acknowledged as an emerging cause of gastroenteritis worldwide for over two decades. Epidemiologists are revealing the role of EAEC in diarrheal outbreaks as a more common occurrence than ever suggested before. EAEC induced diarrhea is most commonly associated with travelers, children and immunocompromised individuals however its afflictions are not limited to any particular demographic. Many attributes have been discovered and characterized surrounding the capability of EAEC to provoke a potent pro-inflammatory immune response, however cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying initiation, progression and outcomes are largely unknown. This limited understanding can be attributed to heterogeneity in strains and the lack of adequate animal models. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about EAEC etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. Additionally, current animal models and their limitations will be discussed along with the value of applying systems-wide approaches such as computational modeling to study host-EAEC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra W. Philipson
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA,Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA,Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology; VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA,Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA,Correspondence to: Raquel Hontecillas,
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Birchall MA, Ayling SM, Harley R, Murison PJ, Burt R, Mitchard L, Jones A, Macchiarini P, Stokes CR, Bailey M. Laryngeal transplantation in minipigs: early immunological outcomes. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:556-64. [PMID: 22288599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent tissue-engineering advances, there is no effective way of replacing all the functions of the larynx in those requiring laryngectomy. A recent clinical transplant was a success. Using quantitative immunofluorescence targeted at immunologically relevant molecules, we have studied the early (48 h and 1 week) immunological responses within larynxes transplantated between seven pairs of National Institutes of Health (NIH) minipigs fully homozygous at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus. There were only small changes in expression of some molecules (relative to interindividual variation) and these were clearest in samples from the subglottic region, where the areas of co-expression of CD25(+) CD45RC(-) CD8(-) and of CD163(+) CD172(+) MHC-II(-) increased at 1 week after transplant. In one case, infiltration by recipient T cells was analysed by T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ spectratype analysis; this suggested that changes in the T cell repertoire occur in the donor subglottis mucosal tissues from day 0 to day 7, but that the donor and recipient mucosal Vβ repertoires remain distinct. The observed lack of strong immunological responses to the trauma of surgery and ischaemia provides encouraging evidence to support clinical trials of laryngeal transplantation, and a basis on which to interpret future studies involving mismatches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Birchall
- Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Birchall MA, Kingham PJ, Murison PJ, Ayling SM, Burt R, Mitchard L, Jones A, Lear P, Stokes CR, Terenghi G, Bailey M, Macchiarini P. Laryngeal transplantation in minipigs: vascular, myologic and functional outcomes. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 268:405-14. [PMID: 20842506 PMCID: PMC3192951 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-010-1355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is no effective way of replacing all the functions of the larynx in those requiring laryngectomy. Regenerative medicine offers promise, but cannot presently deliver implants with functioning neuromuscular units. A single well-documented laryngeal transplant in man was a qualified success, but more information is required before clinical trials may be proposed. We studied the early response of the larynx to laryngeal transplantation between 17 pairs of NIH minipigs full matched at the MHC2 locus. Following iterative technical improvements, pigs had good swallowing and a patent airway at 1 week. No significant changes in mucosal blood flux were observed compared with pre-operative measurements. Changes in muscle morphology and fibre phenotype were observed in transplant muscles retrieved after 7 days: the levels of fast and slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein were reduced and embryonic MyHC was up regulated consistent with denervation induced atrophy. At 1 week laryngeal transplantation can result in good swallowing, and is not associated with clinical evidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury in MHC-matched pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Birchall
- Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Bulmer DM, Ali MS, Brownlee IA, Dettmar PW, Pearson JP. Laryngeal mucosa: Its susceptibility to damage by acid and pepsin. Laryngoscope 2010; 120:777-82. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.20665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Trasplante de la laringe: ¿una opción terapéutica para el siglo XXI? Revisión de la literatura. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(08)73280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Larynx Transplant: A Therapeutic Option for the 21st Century? Literature Review. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5735(08)70208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The peripheral nervous system has the intrinsic capacity to regenerate but the reinnervation of muscles is often suboptimal and results in limited recovery of function. Injuries to nerves that innervate complex organs such as the larynx are particularly difficult to treat. The many functions of the larynx have evolved through the intricate neural regulation of highly specialized laryngeal muscles. In this review, we examine the responses of nerves and muscles to injury, focusing on changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors, and highlight differences between the skeletal limb and laryngeal muscle systems. We also describe how artificial nerve conduits have become a useful tool for delivery of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents to promote peripheral nerve repair and might eventually be useful in the treatment of laryngeal nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kingham
- Blond McIndoe Research Laboratories, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laryngeal transplantation remains an increasingly viable option for patients with irreversible disease or damage to the larynx. Successful organ transplantation relies on minimising surgical, ischaemic and immunological insults. The inherent immunogenicity of an organ is dependent on the amount of immunologically active cells within it. The presence of immunologically active cells within non-transplanted NIH-minipigs was investigated and an in vivo laryngeal transplant model was developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative, multiple-colour immunofluorescence using pig-specific monoclonal antibodies was used to assess the normal immunological architecture and the short-term immunological changes associated with 3 h of cold ischaemia and 8 h of reperfusion in an MHC-matched animal model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There is a complex immunological architecture within the non-transplanted, healthy pig larynx. In addition, an in vivo laryngeal transplant model was developed that allowed successful perfusion for 8 h post transplantation. There were significant changes in cell numbers within different anatomical subsites of the larynx. However, the biological significance remains debatable in view of the large range of cell numbers both within and between individual animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Barker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wessex Deanery, Southampton, UK.
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Barker E, Murison P, Macchiarini P, Jones A, Otto C, Rothkoetter HJ, Haverson K, Bailey M, Birchall M, Stokes C. Early immunological changes associated with laryngeal transplantation in a major histocompatibility complex-matched pig model. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 146:503-8. [PMID: 17100771 PMCID: PMC1810420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal transplantation is an increasingly viable proposition for patients with irreversible diseases of the larynx. One human transplant has been performed successfully, but many questions remain before routine transplantation can begin. In order to measure the immunological changes in mismatched transplants, it is first necessary to know the immediate combined effects of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) plus the added insult of major surgery in a fully matched setting. We measured the changes in immunologically active mucosal cells following 3 h of cold ischaemia and 8 h of in situ reperfusion in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched minipig model (n = 4). Biopsies were prepared for quantitative, multiple-colour immunofluorescence histology. The number of immunologically active cells was significantly altered above (supraglottis) and below (subglottis) the vocal cords following transplantation and reperfusion (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the direction of the change differed between the two subsites: cell numbers decreased post-transplant in the supraglottis and increased in the subglottis. Despite the statistical evidence for IRI, these changes were less than the large normal inter- and intrapig variation in cell counts. Therefore, the significance of IRI in exacerbating loss of function or rejection of a laryngeal allograft is open to question. Longer-term studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barker
- Laryngeal Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Rees LEN, Gunasekaran S, Sipaul F, Birchall MA, Bailey M. The isolation and characterisation of primary human laryngeal epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:725-30. [PMID: 16360018 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that the larynx has a prominent immunological component that varies between individuals, and which is influenced by lifestyle factors implicated in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the larynx. In order to explore the mechanisms of such links between laryngeal mucosal immunity and the development of lifestyle-related disease, reliable in vitro models are essential. In this study, we isolated and characterised primary laryngeal epithelial cells from normal individuals and show they can be cultured and manipulated to express MHC class II molecules in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa E N Rees
- Laryngeal Research Group, Division of Veterinary Pathology, Infection and Immunity, Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Birchall MA, Lorenz RR, Berke GS, Genden EM, Haughey BH, Siemionow M, Strome M. Laryngeal transplantation in 2005: a review. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:20-6. [PMID: 16433752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There is no good surgical, medical or prosthetic solution to the problems faced by those with a larynx whose function is irreversibly damaged by tumor or trauma. Over the past 10 years, the pace of research designed to establish laryngeal transplantation as a therapeutic option for these persons has increased steadily. The biggest milestone in this field was the world's first true laryngeal transplant performed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1998. The recipient's graft continues to function well, in many respects, even after 7 years. However, it has also highlighted the remaining barriers to full-scale clinical trials. Stimulated by these observations, several groups have accumulated data which point to answers to some of the outstanding questions surrounding functional reinnervation and immunomodulation. This review seeks to outline the progress achieved in this field by 2005 and to point the way forward for laryngeal transplantation research in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Birchall
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Barker E, Macchiarini P, Murison P, Jones A, Haverson K, Bailey M, Birchall M. An ex vivo model for reperfusion of laryngotracheal grafts. Laryngoscope 2005; 115:699-702. [PMID: 15805884 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000161330.75600.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of an ex vivo model to facilitate the study of ischemia-reperfusion injury in laryngotracheal grafts taken from Minnesota minipigs. STUDY DESIGN This is a descriptive study. METHODS Laryngotracheal grafts from Minnesota minipigs were harvested and placed in cold storage for 3 hours. Autologous blood was used to reperfuse the graft for up to 8 hours using the described reperfusion model. RESULTS By altering retrieval technique and pressures within the graft, we demonstrated healthy grafts after 8 hours of reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo reperfusion offers a range of experimental advantages over in vivo reperfusion including close control of interventions, ease of outcome measurement, and reduction in animal use. This model is now ready to be used for further studies of interventions to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in these grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barker
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Nakai K, Hosokawa K, Yano K, Sakai Y, Takagi S, Kubo T, Kakibuchi M. Rat model of laryngeal transplantation with normal circulation maintained by combination with the tongue. Microsurgery 2003; 23:135-40. [PMID: 12740886 DOI: 10.1002/micr.10110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on laryngeal transplantation used a rat model with physiologically abnormal circulation, because the common carotid artery was used for venous drainage. Since a model with normal circulation is better for accurate assessment, we developed a vascularized laryngeal graft, using the common carotid artery as the arterial supply and the external jugular vein as the venous drainage. The transplant included other tributaries from the tongue and the pharynx by combination with the tongue, because the tributaries from the larynx were very small. Ten transplants were performed. The transplanted organs were examined daily. Seven days after transplantation, the composite grafts were evaluated histologically. The mortality rate was 10%. All composite grafts were fully viable, and their structure was maintained in the remaining nine rats. Our model is appropriate for experiments on laryngeal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Nakai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
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