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C. Bergeron C, Costa MC, Segura M, de Souza LB, Bleuzé M, Sauvé F. Bacterial microbiota and proinflammatory cytokines in the anal sacs of treated and untreated atopic dogs: Comparison with a healthy control group. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298361. [PMID: 38814946 PMCID: PMC11139270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of anal sacculitis has not been extensively investigated, although atopic dogs seem to be predisposed to the disease. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize and compare the bacterial microbiota and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the anal sacs of dogs from three groups (healthy dogs, untreated atopic dogs and atopic dogs receiving antipruritic treatment or allergen-specific immunotherapy) in order to determine whether changes could be at the origin of anal sacculitis in atopic dogs. Bacterial populations of anal sac secretions from fifteen healthy dogs, fourteen untreated and six treated atopic dogs were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina technology. Proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed with the Luminex multiplex test. Community membership and structure were significantly different between the anal sacs of healthy and untreated atopic dogs (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively) and between those of untreated and treated atopic dogs (P = 0.012 and P = 0.017, respectively). However, the community structure was similar in healthy and treated atopic dogs (P = 0.332). Among the proinflammatory cytokines assessed, there was no significant difference between groups, except for interleukin 8 which was higher in the anal sacs of untreated atopic dogs compared to treated atopic dogs (P = 0.02), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha which was lower in the anal sacs of healthy dogs compared to treated atopic dogs (P = 0.04). These results reveal a dysbiosis in the anal sacs of atopic dogs, which may partially explain the predisposition of atopic dogs to develop bacterial anal sacculitis. Treatments received by atopic dogs (oclacitinib, desloratadine and allergen-specific immunotherapy) shift the microbiota of the anal sacs towards that of healthy dogs. Further studies are required to identify significant cytokines contributing to anal sacculitis in atopic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camylle C. Bergeron
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcio Carvalho Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucilene Bernardi de Souza
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marêva Bleuzé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Sauvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Protschka M, Di Placido D, Moore PF, Büttner M, Alber G, Eschke M. Canine peripheral non-conventional TCRαβ + CD4 -CD8α - double-negative T cells show T helper 2-like and regulatory properties. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400550. [PMID: 38835756 PMCID: PMC11148280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The dog is an important companion animal and also serves as model species for human diseases. Given the central role of T cells in immune responses, a basic understanding of canine conventional T cell receptor (TCR)αβ+ T cells, comprising CD4+ single-positive (sp) T helper (Th) and CD8α+ sp cytotoxic T cell subsets, is available. However, characterization of canine non-conventional TCRαβ+ CD4+CD8α+ double-positive (dp) and TCRαβ+ CD4-CD8α- double-negative (dn) T cells is limited. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of canine dp and dn T cells in comparison with their conventional counterparts. TCRαβ+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy dogs were sorted according to their CD4/CD8α phenotype into four populations (i.e. CD4+ sp, CD8α+ sp, dp, and dn) and selected surface markers, transcription factors and effector molecules were analyzed ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation by RT-qPCR. Novel characteristics of canine dp T cells were identified, expanding the previously characterized Th1-like phenotype to Th17-like and Th2-like properties. Overall, mRNA expression of various Th cell-associated cytokines (i.e. IFNG, IL17A, IL4, IL13) in dp T cells upon stimulation highlights their versatile immunological potential. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the CD4-CD8α- dn phenotype is stable during in vitro stimulation. Strikingly, dn T cells were found to express highest mRNA levels of type 2 effector cytokines (IL4, IL5, and IL13) upon stimulation. Their strong ability to produce IL-4 was confirmed at the protein level. Upon stimulation, the percentage of IL-4-producing cells was even higher in the non-conventional dn than in the conventional CD4+ sp population. Constitutive transcription of IL1RL1 (encoding IL-33Rα) further supports Th2-like properties within the dn T cell population. These data point to a role of dn T cells in type 2 immunity. In addition, the high potential of dn T cells to transcribe the gene encoding the co-inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 and to produce the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 indicates putative immunosuppressive capacity of this population. In summary, this study reveals important novel aspects of canine non-conventional T cells providing the basis for further studies on their effector and/or regulatory functions to elucidate their role in health and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dogs
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Di Placido
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Eschke
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Takahashi K, Okazawa T, Shingaki T, Furuya K, Kimura J, Ohmori K. Tumour necrosis factor-α induces C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 production in canine keratinocytes. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:219-225. [PMID: 38111073 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5 induces skin inflammation in healthy dogs. In addition, CCL5 is overexpressed in the skin of experimental models of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been shown to be upregulated in cAD. However, it remains unclear whether TNF-α induces CCL5 production in canine keratinocytes. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of TNF-α on CCL5 production in canine keratinocyte culture and investigate possible synergy with interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCL5 protein concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the culture supernatant of a cell line of canine progenitor epidermal keratinocyte (CPEK) cells stimulated with TNF-α with or without inhibitors of the TNF receptor signalling pathway. CCL5 protein concentrations also were measured in CPEK cells stimulated with TNF-α in the absence or presence of IFN-γ, a T-helper (Th)1-type cytokine, and/or IL-4, a Th2-type cytokine. RESULTS TNF-α increased CCL5 production in CPEK cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. Inhibitors of the TNF receptor signalling pathway diminished CCL5 production. Although neither IFN-γ nor IL-4 alone induced CCL5 production in CPEK cells, the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and not IL-4, synergistically enhanced CCL5 production in these cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE TNF-α may be involved in skin inflammation in dogs by promoting CCL5 production in keratinocytes. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of TNF-α and IFN-γ suggests that the local Th1-type milieu may aggravate skin inflammation. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of TNF-α-induced CCL5 production of keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Takahashi
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Okazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shingaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Furuya
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Kimura
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Tavener SK, Jackson MI, Panickar KS. Immune-Modulating Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Foods in Healthy Canines. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102128. [PMID: 38590952 PMCID: PMC10999821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ketogenic foods limit digestible carbohydrates but contain high fat, and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as improving mitochondrial function. β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), 1 of the ketone bodies, reduces the proinflammatory NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasomes, as well as chemokines in cultures. Objectives We assessed the immune-modulating effects of 2 low-carbohydrate (LoCHO) foods varying in protein and fat and compared their effects with a food replete with high-carbohydrate (HiCHO) in healthy canines. Methods Dogs were fed control food [HiCHO; ketogenic ratio (KR: 0.46) followed by LoCHO_PROT (KR: 0.97), then LoCHO_FAT (KR: 1.63) or LoCHO_FAT followed by LoCHO_PROT. Each food was fed for 5 wk, with collections in the 5th wk; 15 wk feeding total. Gene expression for circulating inflammatory cytokines from 10 dogs was assessed using the Canine RT2 Profiler polymerase chain reaction array, and fold changes were calculated using the ΔΔCt method. Results LoCHO_FAT significantly increased circulating β-hydroxybutyrate compared with both HiCHO and LoCHO_PROT. When compared with HiCHO, there was a significant decrease in several proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in LoCHO_PROT and LoCHO_FAT groups, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)1, CCL8, CCL13, CCL17, CCL24, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1, Interleukin-10 receptor alpha ((IL)-10RA), IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-5, and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (all P < 0.05). Interestingly, a subset of inflammatory proteins that decreased in LoCHO_PROT but not in LoCHO_FAT included IL-33, IL-6 receptor, IL-7, IL-8, Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 11B. In contrast, the decrease in inflammatory markers in LoCHO_FAT, but not in LoCHO_PROT, included complement component 5, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or G-CSF, interferon-γ, IL-3, IL-10RB, IL-17C, Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF)13, TNFSF13B, and TNFSF14. Decreased concentrations of selected cytokines indicate that both low-carbohydrate foods exert an anti-inflammatory effect and provide a strong rationale for testing their efficacy in dogs with inflammatory conditions. Conclusions Both LoCHO_PROT and LoCHO_FAT foods might be important as part of immune-modulating therapeutic nutritional strategies to reduce inflammation to maintain health in canines. Our study identifies several inflammatory genes that are reduced when fed ketogenic food that were not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena K. Tavener
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Matthew I. Jackson
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Kiran S. Panickar
- Science and Technology Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
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Huang P, Hu F, Yang ZB, Pan Y, Zhou R, Yan YN, Wang HZ, Wang C. Matrine regulates Th1/Th2 inflammatory responses by inhibiting the Hsp90/NF-κB signaling axis to alleviate atopic dermatitis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:501-510. [PMID: 36757049 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease. Matrine is the main component of the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora flavescens, and it poses good therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological effects of matrine on AD and its underlying mechanism. An AD mouse model and inflamed human epidermal keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) cells were established. Histopathological aspects were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expressions were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The secretions of cytokines and chemokines were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the proportions of T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells. Herein, our results displayed that matrine diminished AD symptoms and decreased heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) expression. Matrine decreased the Th2 cytokine levels in the ear tissues and serum, and it also significantly repressed inflammatory cytokines (thymus activation regulated chemokine and interleukin-6) secretions by repressing the Hsp90/NF-κB signaling axis in inflamed HaCaT cells. Furthermore, matrine inhibited Th2 differentiation of CD4+ T cells when co-cultured with inflamed HaCaT cells. Matrine can regulate the Th1/Th2 inflammatory response by inhibiting the Hsp90/NF-κB signaling axis to alleviate AD. Therefore, it may be a candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of anorectal, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Chrobak-Chmiel D, Golke A, Kwiecień E, Biegańska MJ, Dembele K, Dziekiewicz-Mrugasiewicz M, Czopowicz M, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Rzewuska M. Is Vitamin D3 a Worthy Supplement Protecting against Secondary Infections in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis? Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010145. [PMID: 36678493 PMCID: PMC9860574 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common, chronic, inflammatory skin disease in dogs worldwide. This disease often predisposes for secondary organisms overgrowth and skin infections with pathogens, such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis. Unfortunately, the causes of this disease in both humans and animals are not fully understood; therefore, the only possible option is a lifelong, symptomatic treatment. The management of CAD is mainly based on limiting contact with allergens and antipruritic therapy, most often with glucocorticoids and antihistamines. A serious problem in this situation is the fact, that long-term administration of glucocorticoids leads to side effects like polyuria, alopecia, increased susceptibility to infection, muscle atrophy, and many others. For this reason, great emphasis is placed on the development of replacement and supportive therapies. It is a well-documented fact that reduced concentrations of serum vitamin D3 contribute to the severity of atopic dermatitis symptoms in humans. Moreover, unlike the most commonly used therapeutic methods, of which the main goal is to ameliorate inflammation and pruritus, namely the symptoms of AD, vitamin D3 supplementation affects some underlying factors of this disease. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of vitamin D3 in CAD, its protective effect against secondary bacterial and fungal infections, and the potential of its supplementation in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-593-60-67
| | - Anna Golke
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata J. Biegańska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kourou Dembele
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dziekiewicz-Mrugasiewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Kim SW, Kim JH. Establishing an experimental model for canine atopic dermatitis through epicutaneous application of Dermatophagoides farinae. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1015915. [PMID: 36337184 PMCID: PMC9632614 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1015915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no established protocol for the development of an experimental canine atopic dermatitis model in laboratory beagles. This study aimed to establish an experimental model that mimics spontaneous canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) clinically, immunologically, and microbiologically, by repeated epicutaneous applications of mite antigens and to describe the entire process including sensitization and provocation in detail for reproducibility. Six intact male laboratory beagle dogs aged 14 months were included in this study. During the sensitization and provocation phase, the house dust mite (HDM) paste consisted of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f ) and mineral oil, which was applied focally to the 10 × 10 cm area of the right groin as evenly as possible. Further, 120 mg of Der f was applied to each dog twice a week for 12 weeks during the sensitization phase and 25 mg and 120 mg was applied to each dog for the first 2 weeks and subsequent 2 weeks, respectively, during the provocation phase. Thereafter, the applied area was covered with a dressing. Skin lesions including erythema, hyperpigmentation, excoriation, and lichenification were induced and exacerbated gradually through the experimental time course in all six dogs. The canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI) score and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) significantly increased after sensitization and provocation. IL-13 and IL-31 levels increased significantly after provocation as a result of the activation of the T helper-2 (Th2) response. On the contrary, the IL-10 levels decreased significantly after sensitization, which suggested a suppression of Tregs activity. After the completion of provocation, skin microbiome analysis showed that Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, which indicated bacterial dysbiosis. This study demonstrated that epicutaneous application of HDM in beagle dogs resulted in the elevation of serum HDM-specific IgE levels and clinical atopic scores, a high TEWL, and microbiome dysbiosis resembling spontaneous CAD. These results suggest that this tailored protocol of epicutaneous exposure to Der f may provide support for the development of the experimental CAD model in laboratory beagles.
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Majewska A, Dembele K, Dziendzikowska K, Prostek A, Gajewska M. Cytokine and Lymphocyte Profiles in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis after Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071037. [PMID: 35891200 PMCID: PMC9323343 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory and pruritic skin disease in dogs. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only identified disease-modifying intervention for allergic diseases. It decreases the symptoms triggered by allergens and prevents recurrence of the disease in the long-term. The aim of our research was to determine how immunotherapy changes the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in dog peripheral blood and the levels of cytokines secreted by these cells during therapy. ASIT was applied for 6 months. Blood samples for further analyses were collected from patients in the third and sixth month of immunotherapy. Six out of seven dogs receiving ASIT showed a positive effect. A reduction in cytokine levels (IL-13, TNF-α) in peripheral blood of cAD patients and changes in the number of specific T cell subpopulations—reduction of Tc cells (CD8+) and increase of activated T cells (CD3+CD25+)—confirmed the beneficial effect of the applied ASIT. In addition, a significantly higher percentage of Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) was noted in cAD patients before treatment compared to healthy dogs. After 3 months of therapy, the percentage of Tregs significantly decreased, and after 6 months, it increased significantly again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59-362-57
| | - Kourou Dembele
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Prostek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
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9
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Martini F, Rostaher A, Favrot C, Fischer N. Interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 plasma levels in atopic dogs before and during immunotherapy. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e1270. [PMID: 34939678 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies suggest that the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) may play an important role in allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). However, there is little known about the function of these cytokines in atopic dogs. This study compared the plasma levels of IL-10 and TGF-ß1 in atopic and control dogs and investigated their changes during different ASIT approaches. METHODS A total of 54 atopic and 32 control dogs were included. Immunotherapy was performed in 30 atopic dogs. The dogs undergoing immunotherapy were allocated to four groups of different ASIT approaches (namely subcutaneous, intralymphatic, sublingual ASIT and subcutaneous ASIT with recombinant allergens). Blood samples were collected at four timepoints throughout the one year of ASIT. Canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index, pruritus visual analogue scale and medication score were recorded at each timepoint. Commercially available ELISA kits were used to quantify IL-10 and TGF-ß1 in plasma. RESULTS There was no significant difference in IL-10 and TGF-ß1 between atopic and control dogs. The IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the intralymphatic group at the end of the study. No significant differences were found in the other groups for both IL-10 and TGF-ß1. CONCLUSION The findings of this work suggest that IL-10 and TGF-ß1 cannot be used to monitor the course of the disease during ASIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Martini
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Fischer
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Outerbridge CA, Jordan TJ. Current Knowledge on Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Treatment. ADVANCES IN SMALL ANIMAL CARE 2021; 2:101-115. [PMID: 35721364 PMCID: PMC9204668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasa.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA,
| | - Tyler J.M. Jordan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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11
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Jasiecka-Mikołajczyk A, Jaroszewski JJ, Maślanka T. Oclacitinib, a Janus Kinase Inhibitor, Reduces the Frequency of IL-4- and IL-10-, but Not IFN-γ-, Producing Murine CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells and Counteracts the Induction of Type 1 Regulatory T Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185655. [PMID: 34577127 PMCID: PMC8472008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to broaden the knowledge and understanding of the effects of oclacitinib (OCL), a Janus kinase inhibitor, on T cells in the context of both the immune mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the drug and its safety. The results indicate that beneficial effects of OCL in the treatment of skin allergic diseases may be partially mediated by the inhibition of IL-4 production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. To a certain extent, the antiproliferative effect of OCL on CD8+ T cells may also contribute to its therapeutic effect. The study found that OCL does not affect the proliferation of CD4+ T cells or the number of IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, OCL was found to counteract the induction of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and to act as a strong inhibitor of IL-10 production in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Thus, these results indicate that beneficial effects of OCL in the treatment of skin allergic diseases are not mediated through: (a) the abolishment of IFN-γ and IL-17-production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; (b) generation of Tr1 cells; (c) inhibition of CD4+ T cell proliferation; (d) induction of IL-10 production in CD4+ T cells. The results of this study strongly suggest that, with respect to the evaluated parameters, OCL exerts a suppressive effect on Th2- but not Th1-mediated immunity.
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12
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Olivry T, Paps JS, Amalric N. Transient and reversible reduction of stratum corneum filaggrin degradation products after allergen challenge in experimentally mite-sensitised atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:62-e20. [PMID: 34519121 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A defective skin barrier occurs in dogs with atopic dermatitis, and there is controversy over whether this defect pre-exists, or is secondary to allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVES To study if an allergen challenge decreases the natural moisturising factor (NMF), which contains the main filaggrin degradation products. ANIMALS Four house dust mite (HDM)-sensitised adult atopic dogs from a research colony. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were challenged epicutaneously with HDMs on the right lateral abdomen while the left thorax served as control. We swabbed the skin surface before, and at days (D)1, D2, D3, D7 and D28 after challenge, on both selected sites; swabs were soaked in detergent and frozen until assayed. The NMF components were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). RESULTS The allergen challenge induced moderate skin lesions at the application sites, and also mild erythema at the control areas. The allergen provocation led to significant decreases in the total NMF and its components trans-urocanic acid (t-UCA), pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) and serine on both sites. Lesion scores abated by D7 and the NMF concentrations had re-increased by D28. Skin lesion scores correlated negatively with the total NMF, t-UCA and PCA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In this experimental model, a single epicutaneous allergen challenge led to a transient and reversible decrease in skin surface NMF and its components, and concentrations were negatively correlated with skin lesion scores. These observations suggest that some of the skin barrier anomalies seen in atopic dogs likely develop secondarily to the underlying cutaneous allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Nicolas Amalric
- Synelvia, 516 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Labège, F-31670, France
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13
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Vargo C, Gogal R, Barber J, Austel M, Banovic F. Characterisation of the serum cytokine profile in feline atopic skin syndrome. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:485-e133. [PMID: 34180094 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) is a pruritic and inflammatory skin disease commonly encountered in cats. Three previous reports evaluated cytokine immune activation in cats diagnosed with feline allergic dermatitis. However, no significant upregulations were observed in allergic cats compared to healthy controls. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in the serum cytokine profile of cats diagnosed with FASS compared to healthy cats, and correlate serum markers with the extent of FASS skin disease using clinical scoring systems. ANIMALS Thirteen client-owned FASS cats and 12 healthy control cats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirteen cytokine and chemokines from the serum of FASS cats and healthy controls were analysed using a commercially available feline-specific multiplex assay. RESULTS Patients with FASS had a significant increase in serum concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-13 and IL-18. In addition, cytokine/chemokines involved in inflammation and chemotaxis [IL-8, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CCL)5, CCL2 and CXCL12], as well as growth factors, stem cell factor and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), also were significantly elevated. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.64) between the serum levels of Flt3L and Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) score was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the activation of a broad array of immune secretory cytokines in the serum of cats with FASS, which are largely associated with a mixed Th1 and Th2 inflammatory response along with specific growth factors. Further larger-sample studies are needed to assess the modulation of serum biomarkers in FASS by pharmacological/therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Vargo
- Departments of, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert Gogal
- Department of, Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - James Barber
- Department of, Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Departments of, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Departments of, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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14
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Kanwal S, Singh SK, Soman SP, Choudhury S, Kumari P, Ram PK, Garg SK. Expression of barrier proteins in the skin lesions and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11418. [PMID: 34075152 PMCID: PMC8169657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases of dogs. Defects in the skin barrier and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines may be the pathogenesis of canine AD. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the gene expression of certain skin barrier proteins and inflammatory cytokines in dogs with AD. Eleven dogs with AD and three healthy dogs were included in the present study. The skin barrier proteins, namely Filaggrin (FLG) and Involucrin (IVL), gene expression was quantified by Real-time PCR in the lesional skin tissues of the atopic dogs and normal skin of the healthy dogs. In addition to the skin proteins, the gene expressions of the interleukin (IL)-13, IL-31, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also quantified in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of these dogs. Compared to the healthy dogs, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) FLG gene expression and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower expression of the IVL gene were quantified in the skin of atopic dogs. Further, the dogs with AD revealed significantly higher expression of TNF-α (P ≤ 0.01), IL-31 (P ≤ 0.05), and IL-13 (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to the healthy dogs. The findings of our present study evidently suggest significantly increased and decreased expressions of FLG and IVL genes, respectively, which may be responsible for disruption of the skin barrier in dogs with AD. While, the over-expressions of TNF-α, IL-31, and IL-13 genes might be attributed to the clinical pathology and manifestations of AD in dogs. However, further studies are warranted to substantiate our hypothesis about pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of AD in dogs by including a large number of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kanwal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Shanker K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India.
| | - Sandeep P Soman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Priyambada Kumari
- College of Biotechnology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Pradeep K Ram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
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15
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Marsella R. Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:547-e151. [PMID: 33891338 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically inherited clinical syndrome that encompasses a diversity of mechanisms and can have a variety of triggers. Development of clinical disease is the result of genetic factors and environmental conditions, which shape the resulting immunological response. Clinical disease becomes evident once a threshold of inflammatory response is achieved. Skin barrier impairment plays a role in promoting cutaneous dysbiosis and increased allergen penetration. Keratinocytes shape the response of dendritic cells and subsequent lymphocytic response. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is one of the links between the damaged skin barrier and the modulation of a T-helper (Th)2 response. It is still unclear whether mutations in skin barrier genes exist in atopic dogs, as they do in humans, or whether the observed alterations are purely secondary to inflammation. A dysregulated immune response with increased Th2, Th17 and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells has been reported. A variety of cytokines [interleukin(IL)-31, IL-34, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor] are proposed as potential biomarkers and treatment targets because they are increased in the serum of atopic dogs when compared to controls, although a correlation between serum levels of these factors and severity of disease is not always present. The main issue with many published studies is that atopic dogs are always only compared to normal controls. Thus, it is unclear whether the changes that we find are truly a signature of cAD or merely a manifestation of nonspecific broad inflammatory responses. Studies considering comparison with other inflammatory diseases different from cAD are urgently needed to correctly identify what is specific to this complicated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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16
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Massimini M, Dalle Vedove E, Bachetti B, Di Pierro F, Ribecco C, D'Addario C, Pucci M. Polyphenols and Cannabidiol Modulate Transcriptional Regulation of Th1/Th2 Inflammatory Genes Related to Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:606197. [PMID: 33763461 PMCID: PMC7982812 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.606197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial allergic disease associated with immune and abnormal skin barrier dysfunction and it is one of the primary causes of pruritus. Using a novel in vitro model of AD, here we tried to revert the alteration of transcriptional regulation of AD canine key genes testing a nutraceutical mixture containing flavonoids, stilbene, and cannabinoids, which are already well-known for their applications within dermatology diseases. The nutraceutical mixture induced in inflamed cells a significant downregulation (p < 0.05) of the gene expression of ccl2, ccl17, and tslp in keratinocytes and of ccl2, ccl17, and il31ra in monocytes. Consistent with the observed alterations of tslp, ccl2, ccl17, and il31ra messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, a significant increase (p < 0.05) of DNA methylation at specific CpG sites on the gene regulatory regions was found. These results lay the foundation for the use of these natural bioactives in veterinary medicine and provide a model for deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action, with potential translation to human research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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17
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Herrmann I, Kradischnig C, Skor O, Pakozdy A, Panakova L. Higher prevalence of seizure activity in a small population of atopic dogs: a retrospective breed- and age-matched study. Vet Dermatol 2020; 32:126-e27. [PMID: 33245178 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered to be a systemic disease in people shown to have an association with epilepsy. However, so far, no data about the association of epilepsy and atopy have been reported in dogs. OBJECTIVES Given the homology between human and canine AD, and the increased incidence of epilepsy in atopic people, we investigated the association between AD and seizure-associated activity in a small canine population. ANIMALS We included 34 atopic dogs and 34 breed- and age range-matched nonatopic dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS We investigated the association between canine AD and signs of seizures in a retrospective, breed- and age range-matched, case-controlled study. Dog owners were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The presence or absence of signs of seizure activity and possible comorbidities were questioned. RESULTS Seven of the 34 atopic dogs also suffered from seizure activity. By contrast, only one dog affected with seizure signs could be identified among the 34 nonatopic dogs. Atopic dermatitis was associated with a higher frequency of seizure activity (McNemar test, P = 0.035; one-sided) and atopic dogs had a higher odds ratio to develop seizures [(95% CI) 7 (0.9-56.9)] compared to the age- and breed-matched nonatopic control group. No other comorbidities were detected. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In our small retrospective study, we observed an increased prevalence of seizure activity in the atopic dog population. Further larger and prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Herrmann
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Clarissa Kradischnig
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Ondrej Skor
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Akos Pakozdy
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
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18
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Anturaniemi J, Zaldívar-López S, Savelkoul HFJ, Elo K, Hielm-Björkman A. The Effect of Atopic Dermatitis and Diet on the Skin Transcriptome in Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:552251. [PMID: 33178726 PMCID: PMC7596200 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.552251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has a hereditary basis that is modified by interactions with the environment, including diet. Differentially expressed genes in non-lesional skin, determined by RNA sequencing before and after a dietary intervention, were compared between dogs with naturally occurring CAD (n = 4) and healthy dogs (n = 4). The dogs were fed either a common commercial heat-processed high carbohydrate food (kibble diet) (n = 4), or a non-processed high fat food (raw meat-based diet) (n = 4). At the end of the diet intervention, 149 differentially expressed transcripts were found between the atopic and healthy dogs. The main canonical pathways altered by the dysregulation of these genes were angiopoietin signaling, epidermal growth factor signaling, activation of angiogenesis, and alterations in keratinocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism. On the other hand, 33 differently expressed transcripts were found between the two diet groups, of which 8 encode genes that are annotated in the current version of the dog genome: immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5 (IGLL5), B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain (CD79B), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), and mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (MRRF). All genes were upregulated in the raw diet group. In conclusion the findings of this study suggest alterations in lipid and keratinocyte metabolism as well as angiogenesis in the skin of atopic dogs. Additionally, a possible enhancement of innate immunity and decrease in oxidative stress was seen in raw food fed dogs, which could have an important role in preventing hypersensitivities and disturbed immunity at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Anturaniemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Genomics and Animal Breeding Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kari Elo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Asahina R, Ueda K, Oshima Y, Kanei T, Kato M, Furue M, Tsukui T, Nagata M, Maeda S. Serum canine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:446-455. [PMID: 32945018 PMCID: PMC7756442 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Serum TARC concentrations are a reliable biomarker for human atopic dermatitis; however, their potential as a biomarker for cAD has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate whether serum TARC concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD. Animals Thirty‐nine dogs with cAD and 42 healthy dogs were recruited. Methods and materials Serum TARC concentrations in dogs with cAD and healthy dogs were measured by sandwich ELISA with anti‐canine TARC antibodies. The clinical severity of cAD was scored using the validated Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04). Serum TARC concentrations were compared between dogs with cAD and healthy controls, and their relationship with CADESI‐04 was examined. Serum TARC concentrations also were measured in 20 dogs with cAD treated with prednisolone or oclacitinib for four weeks. Results Serum TARC concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with cAD than in healthy dogs (P < 0.001). In dogs with cAD, serum TARC concentrations correlated with CADESI‐04 scores (ρ = 0.457, P < 0.01). Furthermore, serum TARC concentrations significantly decreased in treated dogs with the attenuation of clinical signs (P < 0.001). Changes in serum TARC concentrations before and after treatment correlated with those in CADESI‐04 scores (ρ = 0.746, P < 0.001). Conclusions and clinical relevance Serum TARC concentrations have potential as a clinical and research tool for the objective evaluation of disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Asahina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ueda
- Yokohama Yamate Dog and Cat Medical Center, 27-4 Kashiwaba Naka-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0866, Japan
| | - Yuri Oshima
- Dermatology Services for Dogs and Cats, TANDEM Hirano Bld. 1F 2-11-14 Hirano Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0023, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kanei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Animal Life Science Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-1 Tairanoue Sasagawa Asaka-machi Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tsukui
- Animal Life Science Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-1 Tairanoue Sasagawa Asaka-machi Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nagata
- Dermatology Service, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, 815 Ishigami Kawaguchi, Saitama, 333-0823, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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20
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Tengvall K, Bergvall K, Olsson M, Ardesjö-Lundgren B, Farias FHG, Kierczak M, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K, Andersson G. Transcriptomes from German shepherd dogs reveal differences in immune activity between atopic dermatitis affected and control skin. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:315-323. [PMID: 32556497 PMCID: PMC7320941 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors described. We performed mRNA sequencing of non-lesional axillary skin biopsies from nine German shepherd dogs. Obtained RNA sequences were mapped to the dog genome (CanFam3.1) and a high-quality skin transcriptome was generated with 23,510 expressed gene transcripts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by comparing three controls to five treated CAD cases. Using a leave-one-out analysis, we identified seven DEGs: five known to encode proteins with functions related to an activated immune system (CD209, CLEC4G, LOC102156842 (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-like), LOC480601 (regakine-1-like), LOC479668 (haptoglobin-like)), one (OBP) encoding an odorant-binding protein potentially connected to rhinitis, and the last (LOC607095) encoding a novel long non-coding RNA. Furthermore, high mRNA expression of inflammatory genes was found in axillary skin from an untreated mild CAD case compared with healthy skin. In conclusion, we define genes with different expression patterns in CAD case skin helping us understand post-treatment atopic skin. Further studies in larger sample sets are warranted to confirm and to transfer these results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Olsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - B Ardesjö-Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M Kierczak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Selected cytokine expression in dogs with alergic conjunctivitis: Correlation with disease activity. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:33-40. [PMID: 32114248 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canine allergic conjunctivitis (cAC) is described as the most frequent ocular manifestation associated with canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). OBJECTIVES Clinical and immunological characterization of cAD through IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 mRNA expression quantification in canine conjunctivae. PROCEDURES Twenty client-owned dogs with both cAC and cAD and twenty-one healthy controls were enrolled and clinician assessed CADESI-04 and grade of ocular signs were calculated. Conjunctival biopsies were performed on all animals and relative quantification of the interleukins mRNA expression performed by qRT-PCR. The correlation between cytokine gene expression and cAC score was evaluated, as well as CADESI-04 values. RESULTS The qRT-PCR showed a significant gene upregulation of respectively 291.48 (p = 1.306e-09) and 4.85 (p = .00033) folds on IL-6 and IL-12 in dogs with allergic conjunctivitis compared to the control group. Regarding the average expression of TNF-α there were no statistical significant differences between both groups (p = .18). Higher cAC scores were associated with enhanced gene expression of TNF-α and IL-12. No correlation was found between the cytokine gene expression levels and the CADESI-04 values. CONCLUSION An increase of IL6 and IL12 in cAC was found in the studied population. These two cytokines may be potential immunotherapy targets cAC classification.
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Früh SP, Saikia M, Eule J, Mazulis CA, Miller JE, Cowulich JM, Oyesola OO, Webb LM, Peng SA, Cubitt RL, Danko CG, Miller WH, Tait Wojno ED. Elevated circulating Th2 but not group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses characterize canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 221:110015. [PMID: 32058160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease that causes significant morbidity and affects multiple species. AD is highly prevalent in companion dogs, and the clinical management of the disease remains challenging. An improved understanding of the immunologic and genetic pathways that lead to disease could inform the development of novel treatments. In allergic humans and mouse models of AD, the disease is associated with Th2 and group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation that drives type 2 inflammation. Type 2 inflammation also appears to be associated with AD in dogs, but gaps remain in our understanding of how key type 2-associated cell types such as canine Th2 cells and ILC2s contribute to the pathogenesis of canine AD. Here, we describe previously uncharacterized canine ILC2-like cells and Th2 cells ex vivo that produced type 2 cytokines and expressed the transcription factor Gata3. Increased circulating Th2 cells were associated with chronic canine AD. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a unique gene expression signature in T cells in dogs with AD. These findings underline the importance of pro-allergic Th2 cells in orchestrating AD and provide new methods and pathways that can inform the development of improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Früh
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mridusmita Saikia
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeremy Eule
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Christina A Mazulis
- Section of Dermatology and Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julia E Miller
- Section of Dermatology and Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joby M Cowulich
- Section of Dermatology and Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Oyebola O Oyesola
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Seth A Peng
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cubitt
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - William H Miller
- Section of Dermatology and Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elia D Tait Wojno
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
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Piccione ML, DeBoer DJ. Serum IgE against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:507-e153. [PMID: 31642119 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding carbohydrate structures common to plant and insect species. In people, anti-CCD IgE is thought to be clinically irrelevant, but to have the potential to confound serological IgE test interpretations. Previous studies reported the detection of anti-CCD IgE in 24-73% of atopic dog sera; prevalence in healthy dogs has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of anti-CCD IgE in a group of healthy and atopic dogs. ANIMALS Sera from 61 healthy dogs and 101 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were analyzed for IgE against CCD. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sera were analyzed for the presence of anti-CCD IgE and IgE against environmental allergens using a commercial multiplex allergen-specific IgE assay. RESULTS Anti-CCD IgE was detected in 17 of 101 (16.8%) atopic dog sera and eight of 61 (13.1%) healthy dog sera (P = 0.65, Fisher's exact test). All healthy and atopic dogs with anti-CCD IgE had strong reactivity to grass pollens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A similar prevalence of anti-CCD IgE was found in healthy and atopic dogs. Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical significance of anti-CCD IgE antibodies in dogs, how they are best detected and if blocking these antibodies during diagnostic testing has clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Piccione
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Douglas J DeBoer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Phosphodiesterase 4D, miR-203 and selected cytokines in the peripheral blood are associated with canine atopic dermatitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218670. [PMID: 31226136 PMCID: PMC6588236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common complex and multifactorial disease involving immune dysregulation, genetic predisposition, skin barrier defects, environmental factors and allergic sensitization. To date, diagnosis of canine AD relies on a combination of patient history, clinical examination, allergy testing and response to diet trials/therapies with no reliable biomarkers available to distinguish AD from other diseases with similar clinical presentations. A handful of studies to identify potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood of AD dogs and healthy controls have been performed with some showing inconsistent and contradictory results. In this study, we, for the first time, report statistically significant increases in expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and miR-203 in plasma from AD dogs compared to healthy controls. In addition, we report a statistically non-significant change of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, a dramatic decrease of three gene markers (PIAS1, RORA and SH2B1) as well as a panel of differential expression of cytokines in AD dogs in comparison to the healthy controls. Our study provides important insight into the complexities of canine AD, and further studies to verify the specificity of these findings for canine AD at a larger-scale are warranted.
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Riggs C, Narayanan L, Mulligan C, Wills R, Mackin A, Fellman C, Thomason J, Archer T. Alterations in activated T-cell cytokine expression in healthy dogs over the initial 7 days of twice daily dosing with oral cyclosporine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:385-391. [PMID: 30933369 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine is a powerful T-cell inhibitor used in the treatment of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases in the dog. There is limited information on how to best monitor patients on cyclosporine therapy. Currently, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assays are available. Pharmacokinetic assays that measure the concentration of cyclosporine in the blood are used to assess if an appropriate drug concentration has been achieved; however, target blood drug concentrations have not been shown to reliably correlate with suppression of T-cell function in the dog. In human transplant recipients, therapeutic drug monitoring has shifted to include pharmacodynamic-based monitoring. Our laboratory has validated a RT-qPCR assay to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of cyclosporine in the dog. In this study, activated T-cell expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ was measured using RT-qPCR daily for 7 consecutive days in 8 healthy Walker hounds receiving oral cyclosporine at a dosage of 10 mg/kg every 12 hr. Cytokine production was found to be markedly decreased within 24 hr after the initiation of cyclosporine and remained significantly decreased for the duration of the project. Based on these results, cyclosporine causes a rapid drop in T-cell cytokine production that is sustained with continued dosing in healthy dogs. Although performed in healthy dogs, this study demonstrated a marked decrease in cytokine suppression within 24 hr of drug administration, suggesting that pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporine's effects on T cells could be considered within several days of commencing therapy in dogs suffering from life-threatening immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Riggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Charlee Mulligan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Robert Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Andrew Mackin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Claire Fellman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - John Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Todd Archer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
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Rostaher A, Fischer NM, Urwyler A, Favrot C. Circulating CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cell levels in an experimental model of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:511-e171. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rostaher
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nina M. Fischer
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Asahina R, Nishida H, Kamishina H, Maeda S. Expression of IL-33 in chronic lesional skin of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:246-e91. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Asahina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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Zuleger CL, Kang C, Ranheim EA, Kurzman ID, Macklin MD, Newton MA, Wolchok JD, Vail DM, Eriksson E, Albertini MR. Pilot study of safety and feasibility of DNA microseeding for treatment of spontaneous canine melanoma. Vet Med Sci 2017; 3:134-145. [PMID: 29067210 PMCID: PMC5645840 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous canine malignant melanoma provides an excellent pre-clinical model to study DNA vaccines for melanoma immunotherapy. A USDA-approved xenogeneic human tyrosinase (huTYR) plasmid DNA vaccine delivered intramuscularly induces detectable immune responses and has clinical activity in some dogs with melanoma. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and immunogenicity of huTYR plasmid DNA administered to the skin via microseeding in dogs with spontaneous melanoma. DNA microseeding utilizes a modified tattooing device as an alternate and potentially more potent delivery method for DNA immunization. DNA was delivered to shaved inner thigh skin of six companion dogs with melanoma approximately every 14 days for a planned total of four vaccination time points. An anti-huTYR ELISA was used to test pre- and post-treatment sera. Biopsies of treated skin were obtained for detection of huTYR transgene expression. DNA microseeding was well tolerated with no significant toxicity detected beyond local site irritation, and there were no signs of autoimmunity. huTYR-expressing cells were observed in biopsies of huTYR DNA microseeding sites. Increased humoral anti-huTYR antibodies were seen in two of five evaluable dogs following microseeding compared to baseline. DNA microseeding is well tolerated in companion dogs with melanoma. Further investigation is needed to determine if combining DNA microseeding with other immunotherapy regimens potentiates this delivery platform for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L. Zuleger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Chulhi Kang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Erik A. Ranheim
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ilene D. Kurzman
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin School of Veterinary MedicineMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michael D. Macklin
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michael A. Newton
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - David M. Vail
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin School of Veterinary MedicineMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Elof Eriksson
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark R. Albertini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Medical ServiceWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Wagner I, Geh KJ, Hubert M, Winter G, Weber K, Classen J, Klinger C, Mueller RS. Preliminary evaluation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides bound to gelatine nanoparticles as immunotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Rec 2017; 181:118. [PMID: 28526774 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) are a promising new immunotherapeutic treatment option for canine atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this uncontrolled pilot study was to evaluate clinical and immunological effects of gelatine nanoparticle (GNP)-bound CpG ODN (CpG GNP) on atopic dogs. Eighteen dogs with AD were treated for 8 weeks (group 1, n=8) or 18 weeks (group 2, n=10). Before inclusion and after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks (group 1+2), 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks (group 2) 75 µg CpG ODN/dog (bound to 1.5 mg GNP) were injected subcutaneously. Pruritus was evaluated daily by the owner. Lesions were evaluated and serum concentrations and mRNA expressions of interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL) 10 and IL-4 (only mRNA expression) were determined at inclusion and after 8 weeks (group 1+2) and 18 weeks (group 2). Lesions and pruritus improved significantly from baseline to week 8. Mean improvements from baseline to week 18 were 23 per cent and 44 per cent for lesions and pruritus, respectively, an improvement of ≥50 per cent was seen in six out of nine and three out of six dogs, respectively. IL-4 mRNA expression decreased significantly. The results of this study show a clinical improvement of canine AD with CpG GNP comparable to allergen immunotherapy. Controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wagner
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - K J Geh
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - M Hubert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - G Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - K Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - J Classen
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - C Klinger
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - R S Mueller
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Laprais A, Dunston SM, Torres SMF, Favrot C, Olivry T. Evaluation of intraepidermal nerve fibres in the skin of normal and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:355-e80. [PMID: 28133844 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in intraepidermal nerve fibres (IENFs) is rising in human medicine, because variations in fibre density occur in some diseases and these neurites might contribute to disease pathogenesis. An increase in IENF density is seen in human atopic dermatitis (AD); there are no such data in atopic dogs. OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence of IENFs in normal and atopic canine skin. METHODS Eight millimetre skin punch biopsies were taken from six sites of 25 healthy dogs without dermatitis and compared to lesional and nonlesional skin samples of dogs with AD (23 and 14 dogs, respectively). Thirty micrometre-thick paraffin-embedded sections were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for neuronal beta-3 tubulin. Only sections with detectable dermal nerves were then screened for the presence of IENFs. RESULTS IENFs were identified in all 25 normal nasal planum sections, but in only one biopsy collected from each of the normal canine haired skin (NCHS) sites. As there was no significant difference in IENF prevalence between NCHS areas, they were grouped together. The rate of detection of IENFs was significantly higher (one-tailed Fisher's test, P = 0.004) in lesional AD specimens (18 of 23; 78%) than in nonlesional AD (four of 14; 29%) and NCHS specimens (four of 111; 4%, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of IENF detection in nonlesional AD samples was significantly higher than in normal canine skin (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE IENFs are detected more commonly in canine AD than in normal haired skin; these results are comparable to those seen for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Laprais
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Stanley M Dunston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Sheila M F Torres
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Olivry T, Mayhew D, Paps JS, Linder KE, Peredo C, Rajpal D, Hofland H, Cote-Sierra J. Early Activation of Th2/Th22 Inflammatory and Pruritogenic Pathways in Acute Canine Atopic Dermatitis Skin Lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1961-1969. [PMID: 27342734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Determining inflammation and itch pathway activation in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is fraught with the inability to precisely assess the age of skin lesions, thus affecting the analysis of time-dependent mediators. To characterize inflammatory events occurring during early experimental acute AD lesions, biopsy samples were collected 6, 24, and 48 hours after epicutaneous application of Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mites to sensitized atopic dogs. The skin transcriptome was assessed using a dog-specific microarray and quantitative PCR. Acute canine AD skin lesions had a significant up-regulation of genes encoding T helper (Th) 2 (e.g., IL4, IL5, IL13, IL31, and IL33), Th9 (IL9), and Th22 (IL22) cytokines as well as Th2-promoting chemokines such as CCL5 and CCL17. Proinflammatory (e.g., IL6, LTB, and IL18) cytokines were also up-regulated. Other known pruritogenic pathways were also activated: there was significant up-regulation of genes encoding proteases cathepsin S (CTSS), mast cell chymase (CMA1), tryptase (TPS1) and mastin, neuromedin-B (NMB), nerve growth factor (NGF), and leukotriene-synthesis enzymes (ALOX5, ALOX5AP, and LTA4H). Experimental acute canine house dust mite-induced AD lesions exhibit an activation of innate and adaptive immune responses and pruritogenic pathways similar to those seen in humans with acute AD, thereby validating this model to test innovative therapeutics modalities for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos Peredo
- Stiefel, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Deepak Rajpal
- Safety Assessment, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hans Hofland
- Stiefel, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Majewska A, Gajewska M, Dembele K, Maciejewski H, Prostek A, Jank M. Lymphocytic, cytokine and transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood of dogs with atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:174. [PMID: 27553600 PMCID: PMC4995625 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic and pruritic skin disease in dogs. The development of cAD involves complex interactions between environmental antigens, genetic predisposition and a number of disparate cell types. The aim of the present study was to perform comprehensive analyses of peripheral blood of AD dogs in relation to healthy subjects in order to determine the changes which would be characteristic for cAD. Results The number of cells in specific subpopulations of lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry, concentration of chosen pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, TGF-β1) was determined by ELISA; and microarray analysis was performed on RNA samples isolated from peripheral blood nuclear cells of AD and healthy dogs. The number of Th cells (CD3+CD4+) in AD and healthy dogs was similar, whereas the percentage of Tc (CD3+CD8+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+) cells increased significantly in AD dogs. Increased concentrations of IL-13 and TNF-α, and decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 was observed in AD dogs. The level of IL-4 was similar in both groups of animals. Results of the microarray experiment revealed differentially expressed genes involved in transcriptional regulation (e.g., transcription factors: SMAD2, RORA) or signal transduction pathways (e.g., VEGF, SHB21, PROC) taking part in T lymphocytes lineages differentiation and cytokines synthesis. Conclusions Results obtained indicate that CD8+ T cells, beside CD4+ T lymphocytes, contribute to the development of the allergic response. Increased IL-13 concentration in AD dogs suggests that this cytokine may play more important role than IL-4 in mediating changes induced by allergic inflammation. Furthermore, observed increase in Treg cells in parallel with high concentrations of TNF-α and low levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood of AD dogs point at the functional insufficiency of Treg cells in patients with AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0805-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kourou Dembele
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Maciejewski
- Department of Computer Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Prostek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Jank
- Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Asahina R, Maeda S. A review of the roles of keratinocyte-derived cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in humans and dogs. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:16-e5. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Asahina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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Khodaei H, Alizadeh M. Inhibition of IL-4 but not IFN-γ production by splenocytes of mice immunized with ovalbumin after oral administration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1202208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Pucheu-Haston CM, Bizikova P, Marsella R, Santoro D, Nuttall T, Eisenschenk MNC. Review: Lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines and the T-helper 1-T-helper 2 balance in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:124-e32. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
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Pucheu-Haston CM, Bizikova P, Eisenschenk MNC, Santoro D, Nuttall T, Marsella R. Review: The role of antibodies, autoantigens and food allergens in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:115-e30. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | | | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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Iio A, Motohashi T, Kunisada T, Yasuhira Y, Kamishina H, Maeda S. Preferential gene transcription of T helper 2 cytokines in peripheral CCR4(+) CD4(+) lymphocytes in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2015; 25:199-e50. [PMID: 24840326 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported the involvement of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-positive CD4(+) cells in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis. In humans, CCR4 is selectively expressed on type 2 helper T (Th2) cells; however, a subset of canine CCR4(+) helper T cells has not been determined. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To characterize the transcription profile of CCR4(+) CD4(+) lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy dogs. ANIMALS Three healthy dogs were used. METHODS The transcription levels of type 1 helper T (Th1) and Th2 cytokines in CCR4(+) CD4(+) and CCR4(-) CD4(+) lymphocytes isolated from healthy dogs were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The CCR4(+) CD4(+) lymphocytes preferentially transcribed Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, but not Th1 cytokines, such as interferon-γ. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE CCR4 can be used as a specific marker of Th2 cells for elucidation of the pathogenesis or the establishment of novel therapeutics in canine Th2-associated diseases, such as canine atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Iio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Motohashi
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuma Yasuhira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Gene expression in the skin of dogs sensitized to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:1787-95. [PMID: 25098772 PMCID: PMC4199687 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial allergic skin disease in humans and dogs. Genetic predisposition, immunologic hyperreactivity, a defective skin barrier, and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression in the skin of dogs sensitized to house dust mite antigens. Skin biopsy samples were collected from six sensitized and six nonsensitized Beagle dogs before and 6 hr and 24 hr after challenge using skin patches with allergen or saline as a negative control. Transcriptome analysis was performed by the use of DNA microarrays and expression of selected genes was validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Expression data were compared between groups (unpaired design). After 24 hr, 597 differentially expressed genes were detected, 361 with higher and 226 with lower mRNA concentrations in allergen-treated skin of sensitized dogs compared with their saline-treated skin and compared with the control specimens. Functional annotation clustering and pathway- and co-citation analysis showed that the genes with increased expression were involved in inflammation, wound healing, and immune response. In contrast, genes with decreased expression in sensitized dogs were associated with differentiation and barrier function of the skin. Because the sensitized dogs did not show differences in the untreated skin compared with controls, inflammation after allergen patch test probably led to a decrease in the expression of genes important for barrier formation. Our results further confirm the similar pathophysiology of human and canine atopic dermatitis and revealed genes previously not known to be involved in canine atopic dermatitis.
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Gonzales AJ, Bowman JW, Fici GJ, Zhang M, Mann DW, Mitton-Fry M. Oclacitinib (APOQUEL(®)) is a novel Janus kinase inhibitor with activity against cytokines involved in allergy. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:317-24. [PMID: 24495176 PMCID: PMC4265276 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) enzymes are involved in cell signaling pathways activated by various cytokines dysregulated in allergy. The objective of this study was to determine whether the novel JAK inhibitor oclacitinib could reduce the activity of cytokines implicated in canine allergic skin disease. Using isolated enzyme systems and in vitro human or canine cell models, potency and selectivity of oclacitinib was determined against JAK family members and cytokines that trigger JAK activation in cells. Oclacitinib inhibited JAK family members by 50% at concentrations (IC50 's) ranging from 10 to 99 nm and did not inhibit a panel of 38 non-JAK kinases (IC50 's > 1000 nM). Oclacitinib was most potent at inhibiting JAK1 (IC50 = 10 nM). Oclacitinib also inhibited the function of JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy and inflammation (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13) as well as pruritus (IL-31) at IC50 's ranging from 36 to 249 nM. Oclacitinib had minimal effects on cytokines that did not activate the JAK1 enzyme in cells (erythropoietin, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-12, IL-23; IC50 's > 1000 nM). These results demonstrate that oclacitinib is a targeted therapy that selectively inhibits JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy, inflammation, and pruritus and suggests these are the mechanisms by which oclacitinib effectively controls clinical signs associated with allergic skin disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Gonzales
- Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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McCandless EE, Rugg CA, Fici GJ, Messamore JE, Aleo MM, Gonzales AJ. Allergen-induced production of IL-31 by canine Th2 cells and identification of immune, skin, and neuronal target cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 157:42-8. [PMID: 24321252 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The canine cytokine IL-31 induces pruritus in dogs and can be detected in dogs with atopic dermatitis; however very little is understood around its interactions with specific canine cells. We hypothesize that IL-31 is involved in the progression of allergic skin disease by coordinating the interaction between the immune system with skin and neuronal systems. The goal of the following work was to identify cells that produce IL-31 as well as cells that may respond to this cytokine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from naïve and house dust mite (HDM) allergen-sensitized beagle dogs and used for ex vivo characterization of cytokine production assessed using ELISpot and quantitative immunoassay. Sensitization to HDM allergen induced a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell phenotype characterized by an increase in the production of IL-4 protein. Interestingly, repeated allergen challenge over time also resulted in an increase in IFN-γ. Further evaluation showed that co-stimulation of Th2 polarized cells with antigen and the bacterial component Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) produced higher levels of IL-31 compared to either stimulant alone. Production of IL-31 when PBMCs were stimulated by T cell mitogens suggests T cells as a source of IL-31. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to determine expression of the IL-31 receptor alpha chain in canine cell lines and tissue. Canine monocytic cells, keratinocytes, and dorsal root ganglia were shown to express the IL-31 receptor alpha chain mRNA. In a multifaceted disease such as canine atopic dermatitis, the combination of Th2 polarization and microbial presence may lead to IL-31 mediated effects driving inflammation and pruritus by immune cells, keratinocytes, and direct neuronal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory J Fici
- Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Aleo
- Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Lancto CA, Torres SMF, Hendrickson JA, Martins KV, Rutherford MS. Altered expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin conditions. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:414-21, e90. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A. Lancto
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, 205 VSB; St Paul; MN; 55108; USA
| | - Sheila M. F. Torres
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1365 Gortner Avenue, 337 VMC; St Paul; MN; 55108; USA
| | - Julie A. Hendrickson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, 205 VSB; St Paul; MN; 55108; USA
| | - Kyra V. Martins
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, 205 VSB; St Paul; MN; 55108; USA
| | - Mark S. Rutherford
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, 205 VSB; St Paul; MN; 55108; USA
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Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis is a complex multifactorial disease. Here, Tim Nuttall, Maarja Uri and Richard Halliwell, representing three generations of veterinary dermatologists, describe the research underpinning our understanding of the condition and highlight its relevance to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nuttall
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
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Stahl J, Paps J, Bäumer W, Olivry T. Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite allergen challenges reduce stratum corneum ceramides in an experimental dog model of acute atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2013; 23:497-e97. [PMID: 23140315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramides are essential stratum corneum (SC) lipids and they play a pivotal role in maintaining effective cutaneous barrier function. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at determining the effect of a Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite (Df-HDM) allergen challenge on SC ceramides of atopic dogs experimentally sensitized to these allergens. ANIMALS Six Df-HDM-sensitized atopic Maltese-beagle dogs were used. METHODS Prechallenge SC was obtained by cyanoacrylate stripping. One week later, the dogs were challenged topically with Df-HDM allergens, which resulted in mild to moderate inflammation 24 h later. Two weeks after challenge, SC of lesional and nonlesional skin was obtained. Finally, SC was collected from challenge sites 2 months after lesion resolution. The different SC lipids were quantified blindly by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Significantly lower amounts of ceramides [AH], [AP], [AS], [NP], [EOP], [NS] and [EOS] were observed in lesional SC compared with prechallenge samples, while no significant effect was found on the amount of other lipids, including cholesterol and free fatty acids. The ceramide profile of nonlesional skin generally showed the same postchallenge reduction pattern. Ceramide amounts returned to normal within 2 months after lesion remission. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These findings suggest that the allergic reactions caused by Df-HDM allergens lead to a selective reduction of SC ceramides, not only at sites of inflammation but also at sites away from those of allergen application. There is normalization of ceramide amounts after inflammation subsides. These observations suggest that the deficiency of ceramides observed in canine atopic skin occurs, at least in part, secondary to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Mullin J, Carter S, Williams N, McEwan N, Nuttall T. Transcription of canine toll-like receptor 2, β-defensin 1 and β-defensin 103 in infected atopic skin, non-infected atopic skin, healthy skin and the CPEK cell line. Vet Microbiol 2013; 162:700-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Qeska V, Baumgärtner W, Beineke A. Species-specific properties and translational aspects of canine dendritic cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 151:181-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Klukowska-Rötzler J, Chervet L, Müller EJ, Roosje P, Marti E, Janda J. Expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:54-9.e13-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Marsella R, Sousa CA, Gonzales AJ, Fadok VA. Current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of canine atopic dermatitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:194-207. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Veenhof E, Knol E, Willemse T, Rutten V. Immune responses in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions. Vet Q 2012; 32:87-98. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2012.713170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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