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Mendoza-Kuznetsova E, Lokianskiene V, Matise-VanHoutan I, Fiskovich O, Olivry T. Figurate erythema in 11 Eastern European sphynx cats. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:346-353. [PMID: 38284278 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, figurate erythema (FE) represents a heterogenous group of dermatoses with circular or serpiginous erythematous skin lesions; FE has not been reported in cats. OBJECTIVES To report clinical and histological characteristics and outcomes of FE in sphynx cats from Baltic sea-bordering countries. ANIMALS Eleven client-owned sphynx cats with FE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited cases meeting the following criteria: (i) a sphynx breed, (ii) FE with or without scaling, (iii) a chronic, waxing-and-waning course lasting longer than a month and (iv) an absence of other skin diseases. RESULTS Of 11 cats, there were seven Donskoys, one Peterbald, one Ukrainian Levkoy and two presumed Canadian sphynxes; all except one were males, and the age of onset was <12 months in eight cats. Skin lesions lasted between 1.2 and 56 months, and they consisted of erythematous plaques with a linear-to-serpiginous, annular, gyrate or iris configuration predominating on the trunk and extremities. Scaling was often seen trailing the edge of the centrifugally expanding erythema. All cats were otherwise asymptomatic or mildly pruritic. Dermatophytosis was ruled out by special stains and/or fungal cultures in eight cats. Microscopic lesions revealed focal, mild-to-moderate epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, minimal-to-mild dysplasia and subepidermal collagen smudging. Special stains were negative for dermatophytes. The clinical remission of FE was not achieved with diet changes or medical interventions; yet, a spontaneous, transient, partial or complete improvement occurred in most cats. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first report of FE in sphynx cats from Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Gedon NKY, Bizikova P, Olivry T, Mendoza-Kuznetsova E, Oberkirchner U, Robertson JB, Linder KE. Histopathological characterisation of trunk-dominant canine pemphigus foliaceus, and comparison with classic facial and insecticide-triggered forms. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:425-440. [PMID: 37316895 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the clinical features were described recently, the histopathological characterisation of trunk-dominant canine pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is lacking, and whether it differs from classic facial or insecticide-triggered PF is unknown. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES This study describes the histopathological findings of trunk-dominant PF, and compares the results to classic facial and insecticide-triggered PF. ANIMALS Skin biopsies from 103 dogs with clinically characterised trunk-dominant (n = 33), classic facial (n = 26) and insecticide-triggered PF (n = 44) were included. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histological sections, randomised and blinded, were scored for over 50 morphological parameters of pustules, epidermis, dermis, adnexa and crusts. Intact pustule area and width were measured by digital microscopy. RESULTS In trunk-dominant PF, 77 intact pustules were predominantly subcorneal (0.0019-1.940 mm2 area, 0.0470-4.2532 mm wide), and contained from one to over 100 acantholytic keratinocytes. Pustules had boat acantholytic cells, corneocytes, perinuclear eosinophilic rings, neutrophil rosettes, acantholytic cell necrosis, rafts, cling-ons and/or eosinophils. Peripustular epidermal spongiosis, necrosis and lymphocyte exocytosis occurred, as did follicular pustules. Mixed dermal inflammation often contained eosinophils. Trunk-dominant PF did not differ from the other PF groups except for few parameters, such as having fewer rafts (p = 0.003). Additional autoimmune inflammatory patterns occurred in all PF groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Trunk-dominant PF and other canine PF variants are histologically similar, which indicates shared pathomechanisms. The identification of common boat acantholytic cells and corneocyte separation has implications for the mechanisms of acantholysis. The diversity of histopathological and polyautoimmunity features support complicated immune mechanisms. Finally, results indicate that diagnostic biopsies cannot differentiate between these PF variants in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Bizikova
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Keith Emerson Linder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Crawford N, Eder JM, Gonzales AJ, Olivry T. Cytokine transcriptome profiling in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions after IL-31 inhibition with lokivetmab. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 37006124 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The caninised monoclonal antibody lokivetmab (LKV), directed at interleukin (IL)-31, is very effective at controlling pruritus in most dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, evidence exists that IL-31 is not required for the induction of acute allergic skin inflammation, which might explain why this treatment is less efficacious in some dogs with AD. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare the comprehensive transcriptome analysis of house dust mite (HDM)-sensitised dogs with and without treatment with LKV to attest our hypothesis that LKV does not majorly affect acute cytokine/chemokine production. ANIMALS Six HDM-sensitised atopic Maltese-beagle dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-over study, the cytokine profiling of acute AD skin lesions was compared by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), with or without LKV-induced inhibition of IL-31. Skin biopsies were obtained from each dog at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after epicutaneous HDM allergen provocation. RESULTS Macroscopic and microscopic skin lesion scores were not significantly different between the LKV- and nontreatment groups at any time points. Likewise, the results of RNA-Seq analysis revealed no significant difference in the messenger (m)RNA expression of the major cytokines between these two groups. In LKV-treated dogs, IL6, IL9, IL13, IL33, CCL17, and CCL22 were significantly upregulated compared to their baseline expression levels, suggesting that these cytokines are unaffected by IL-31 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IL-31 inhibition is insufficient to prevent the expression of other proinflammatory mediators in acute AD and these could be considered as other potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Crawford
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jordan M Eder
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea J Gonzales
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Banovic F, Olivry T, Artlet B, Rothstein E, Beco L, Linek M, Zabel S, Peters-Kennedy J, Welle M, Wilkes R, Austel M, Linder K. Hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme variant in 17 dogs. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:125-133. [PMID: 36510641 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new canine subgroup defined as 'old-dog' or 'hyperkeratotic' erythema multiforme (HKEM) with marked hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis has been proposed without any detailed description of larger case series. OBJECTIVES We report herein the signalment, clinical signs, treatment outcome, and histopathological and immunological findings in 17 dogs with HKEM. ANIMALS Inclusion criteria were the presence of (i) scaly skin lesions with or without crusting; and (ii) microscopic lesions typical of EM (i.e. a panepidermal cytotoxic lymphocytic dermatitis with or without basal keratinocyte apoptosis); and (iii) microscopic ortho- and/or parakeratotic hyperkeratosis affecting the interfollicular epidermis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical questionnaires and skin biopsies were reviewed. Polymerase chain reactions for epidermotropic viruses and direct immunofluorescence were performed. RESULTS Various breeds were affected with an over-representation of males in their mid-to-late adulthood (median age 9 years). Generalised skin lesions included multifocal-to-coalescing, linear and annular macules and plaques with erythema and adherent firm crusting. Microscopic lesions were specific for EM and featured prominent superficial epidermal apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis and parakeratosis. No drug triggers were identified. Polymerase chain reactions for canine herpesvirus polymerase gene, canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus were negative in all HKEM and canine erosive EM (15 dogs) biopsies. Lesions failed to respond to oral and/or topical antimicrobials. Complete remission of signs was achieved in 9 of 17 dogs (53%) using immunosuppressive regimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme (HKEM) is a chronic, persistent and clinically distinctive erythema multiforme (EM) variant that differs from 'classic' vesiculobullous erosive-to-ulcerative EM in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara Artlet
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily Rothstein
- Animal Allergy and Dermatology Service of Connecticut, Plantsville, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luc Beco
- Cabinet Vétérinaire, Spa, Belgium
| | | | - Sonja Zabel
- VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialist, Dermatology, Allergy & Otology Service, Clackamas, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeanine Peters-Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Monika Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Wilkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology/Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Keith Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Olivry T, Lokianskiene V, Blanco A, Mestre PD, Bergvall K, Beco L. A randomised controlled trial testing the rebound-preventing benefit of four days of prednisolone during the induction of oclacitinib therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:99-106. [PMID: 36330780 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rebound of pruritus occasionally occurs after oclacitinib dose reduction in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES To determine whether an initial 4-day course of prednisolone decreases the probability of a pruritus rebound after reducing the frequency of oclacitinib administration. ANIMALS Forty dogs with mild-to-moderate AD lesions and moderate-to-severe pruritus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs were randomised to receive oclacitinib at 0.4-0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days then once daily, alone or with prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg, orally, twice daily for the first 4 days. Clinicians graded the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)4 and 2D-investigator global assessment (IGA) before and after 28 days; owners assessed the pruritis Visual Analog Scale (PVAS)10 and Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE) on Day (D)0, D4, D14, D21 and D28. We considered a rebound any increase greater than one PVAS10 grade at D21 compared to D14. RESULTS On D21, there were significantly fewer rebounds in the dogs receiving prednisolone (three of 20, 15%) compared to those given oclacitinib alone (nine of 20, 45%; Fisher's test, p = 0.041). Compared to oclacitinib monotherapy, the concurrent administration of prednisolone for the first 4 days led to significantly lower PVAS10 on D4 and D28, CADESI4 and 2D-IGA on D28, and OGATE on D21 and D28 (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-tests). Adverse effects of therapy were minor, intermittent and self-resolving. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The initial addition of 4 days of prednisolone significantly decreased the probability of a rebound of pruritus 1 week after oclacitinib dose reduction. This short concomitant glucocorticoid administration led to a higher skin lesion improvement and improved perception of treatment efficacy with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Blanco
- Clínica Dermatológica, San Antonio de Padua, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luc Beco
- Cabinet Vétérinaire, Spa, Belgium
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Bizikova P, Olivry T, Linder K, Rybnicek J. Spontaneous autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases in animals: a comprehensive review. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:55. [PMID: 36849885 PMCID: PMC9969658 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases (AISBDs) are rare skin disorders of animals that were first identified in dogs but several AISBDs are now recognised in other companion animal species. Most AISBDs in animals are homologues of the human diseases and are thought to share similar pathomechanisms of epidermal and/or mucosal blister formation caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins of the basement membrane zone (BMZ). Disruption of their structural function by the autoantibodies and/or recruited inflammation leads to BMZ fragility, which presents clinically as vesicles, bullae and, later, deep erosions and ulcers. Canine AISBDs are the best characterised, particularly the more common variants such as mucous membrane pemphigoid (48%), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) (26%), and bullous pemphigoid (10%). Exceedingly rare AISBDs in the dog are junctional EBA, mixed AISBD, type-1 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus, linear IgA dermatosis, and pemphigus gestationis. The diagnosis of a specific AISBD is made by combining the clinical features (breed, age, lesion distribution) with histological evidence of subepithelial clefting, but not all AISBDs can be differentiated in this manner and specialised immunological testing is required. This latter, unfortunately, is not readily available and, therefore, the specific AISBD diagnosis often remains unconfirmed. While this limits further understanding of these diseases, it does not prevent clinicians from treating their patients, as the treatment approaches are similar for the different AISBDs in dogs. This review primarily focuses on canine AISBDs, the species for which these diseases have been best characterised, and shorter descriptions of variants in other species are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Thierry Olivry
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Keith Linder
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jan Rybnicek
- Veterinary Dermatology and Dermatopathology Service, Padochov 175, 66491 Ivancice, Czech Republic
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Harvey RG, Olivrī A, Lima T, Olivry T. Effective treatment of canine chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus variants with oclacitinib: Seven cases. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:53-58. [PMID: 36229964 PMCID: PMC10092348 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of canine chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) variants generally requires immunosuppression, which often results in potentially severe adverse effects. Janus kinase inhibitors, like oclacitinib, might be a valuable treatment option due to their rapid inhibition of the action of interferons known to be relevant in the pathogenesis of CCLE. OBJECTIVES To report the efficacy and safety of oral oclacitinib for the treatment of canine CCLE variants. ANIMALS Seven dogs were diagnosed with CCLE based on clinical signs and compatible histopathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oclacitinib was administered at the induction dosage of 0.45 mg/kg twice daily to 1.8 mg/kg once daily. The response to treatment was graded as 'good' when there was ≥50% lesion reduction, or as 'complete remission' if all active lesions had resolved. Complete blood counts were performed at variable intervals. RESULTS A complete remission of all lesions was obtained in the dog with exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus, both dogs with mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus and three of four dogs with facial discoid lupus erythematosus (FDLE); a good response was seen in the remaining dog with FDLE. The first visible improvement of signs was seen within 2-to-3 weeks, while the time to complete remission was around 2 months. Clinical adverse effects were not seen, and haematological parameters remained within the reference range. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oclacitinib may be considered an effective treatment option for different variants of canine CCLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Olivrī
- Veterinary Dermatology Riga, SIA Olivry Consulting, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tatiana Lima
- North Downs Specialist Referral, Bletchingley, UK
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Veterinary Dermatology Riga, SIA Olivry Consulting, Riga, Latvia
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Olivry T, O'Malley A, Chruszcz M. Evaluation of the theoretical risk of cross-reactivity among recently identified food allergens for dogs. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:523-526. [PMID: 36043337 PMCID: PMC9804851 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence of cross-reactivity between allergens of close or distant species. The A-RISC (Allergens'-Relative Identity, Similarity and Cross-reactivity) index helps evaluate the risk of theoretical cross-reactivity between proteins of the same family among different species. OBJECTIVES To report the A-RISC indices for several food allergens of dogs between multiple food sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected several recently characterised food allergens for dogs from fish and chicken (ACTA1, ALDOA, CKM, ENO3, GAPDH, PKM and TPI1), fish (TPM1/2), beef/lamb (PGM1) and corn/potato (WAXY). When quality sequence data were available, A-RISC indices were calculated between multiple animal and plant species that can be used as food sources. For the TPM subunits, A-RISC indices also were calculated with the environmental allergens Bla g 4 and Der f 10, and the Toxocara canis nematode. RESULTS The A-RISC indices suggest a substantial theoretical risk of cross-reactivity between species for all allergens considered. For TPM, this risk also extends to the environmental and nematode allergens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a high theoretical risk of cross-reactivity between allergens of different species used as food sources. The clinical relevance of these elevated A-RISC indices should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNC State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrea O'Malley
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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Lokianskiene V, Bergvall K, Olivry T. A Pilot Randomized Trial to Compare Polyuria and Polydipsia during a Short Course of Prednisolone or Methylprednisolone in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090490. [PMID: 36136706 PMCID: PMC9506298 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glucocorticoids (a.k.a. steroids) are often used to treat allergic skin diseases in dogs, but they commonly cause side-effects, such as increased drinking (polydipsia) and urination (polyuria). Veterinarians have long believed that the steroid methylprednisolone causes less drinking and urination than prednisolone. We performed a clinical trial in which dogs with atopic dermatitis were treated either with prednisolone or methylprednisolone at the beginning of an elimination diet. After two weeks, the owners did not notice any significant increase in drinking. Most dogs had a reduction in the specific gravity (that is the density) of the urine, which signals a more diluted and abundant urine, but there was no significant difference between the two steroids for urine dilution. In conclusion, there were no significant changes in either drinking and urine dilution when giving prednisolone or methylprednisolone to allergic dogs for two weeks. A longer treatment duration or higher doses might give different results, however. Abstract Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat canine allergic disorders, but they frequently cause polyuria and polydipsia (PUPD). At equipotent dosages, oral methylprednisolone is believed to cause less PUPD than prednisolone. We performed a pilot randomized, open, parallel trial with 22 dogs with nonseasonal AD receiving either prednisolone or methylprednisolone at equipotent dosages, once daily for 14 days during the first phase of a restriction–provocation dietary trial. Before and on days 3, 7, and 14 after starting the glucocorticoids, owners estimated water consumption for 24 h. On the same days and before the glucocorticoid was given, owners collected the first-morning urine to determine the urine specific gravity (USG). There were no significant differences between the prednisolone and methylprednisolone groups on days 3, 7, and 14 when comparing the changes in water intake from baseline. Most dogs from both groups exhibited a slight reduction in USG during the study. Still, there was no significant difference in USG changes between the groups on any of these three reevaluation days. In conclusion, the administration of two weeks of oral prednisolone and methylprednisolone at equipotent anti-inflammatory dosages at the beginning of an elimination diet did not lead to significant differences in water intake and USG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Labib A, Yosipovitch G, Olivry T. What can we learn from treating atopic itch in dogs? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:284-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cugmas B, Štruc E, Kovče U, Lužar K, Olivry T. Evaluation of native canine skin color by smartphone-based dermatoscopy. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:299-304. [PMID: 35064590 PMCID: PMC9907669 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skin color, predominantly determined by the chromophores of melanin, hemoglobin, and exogenous carotenoids, is often measured to serve various medical and cosmetic applications. Although colorimetry has been used to evaluate the skin erythema in allergic dogs, the native canine skin color remains unknown. METHODS We measured the skin color in 101 healthy dogs using a calibrated optical system with a smartphone and a mobile dermatoscope DermLite DL1. The results were retrieved in the CIELAB color system and compared to the human color ranges. RESULTS The lightness (L*) of canine skin ranged from 28.5 to 78.3, which is slightly broader than that of human skin. There was a difference of 3.9 in redness (a*) between canine and human skin, but this variation could be attributed to the similarly valued colorimetric error of the optical system. Nonetheless, the skin yellowness was significantly different for dogs and humans (respective median b* of 12.3 versus 16.6, p < 0.01). This difference might be due to canids not being able to accumulate typically yellowish carotenoids. Furthermore, the native canine skin color did not exhibit a typical dependence between the coordinates of lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*), known as the individual typology angle, °ITA. CONCLUSION We reported the first dataset of the native canine skin color in the CIELAB color space. We discovered a similarity in skin lightness and a difference in skin yellowness. However, further studies are needed for a more precise comparison of skin redness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Cugmas
- Biophotonics laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.,Veterinary clinic Zamba, Vets4science Ltd, Celje, Slovenia
| | | | - Urška Kovče
- Veterinary clinic Zamba, Vets4science Ltd, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lužar
- Veterinary clinic Zamba, Vets4science Ltd, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Tham HL, Olivry T. Determination of the efficacy rate and time-to-efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:155-e44. [PMID: 34883529 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is reported to have a success rate of 50-70% when given for up to 12 months to dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). How soon ASIT is clinically effective is unclear. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy rate (ER) and time-to-efficacy (TTE) of various types of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) administered using conventional dosing regimens using the methodology of a critically appraised topic. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three databases were searched to extract information on the ER and TTE of SCIT in dogs with AD. Herein, "efficacy" was defined as a ≥50% reduction in pruritus and/or skin lesions, and the TTE as the time needed to achieve such a reduction. RESULTS We selected 12 publications including 194 dogs. The ER was significantly higher with the polymerised allergoids coupled with nonoxidized mannan than for the "classic" aqueous and alum-precipitated SCIT types. A TTE of three months or shorter was seen in a significantly higher proportion of dogs receiving mannan-couple allergoids, pullulan-conjugated Der f 2 or tyrosine-adjuvanted than aqueous or alum-precipitated SCIT; with the latter two formulations, the TTE might be nine months or longer in ≤20% of atopic dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In spite of the low number of articles available for review and small number of enrolled dogs, novel SCIT regimens appear to have a faster - and possibly higher - efficacy than the currently available aqueous or alum-precipitated formulations. A standardisation of outcome measures for ASIT clearly is needed to allow a more meaningful comparison between SCIT types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L Tham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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13
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Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Olivry T. IL-31 and IL-31 receptor expression in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:631-e169. [PMID: 34796564 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To optimise the interleukin (IL)-31-blocking therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD), an understanding of the chronology in the expression of IL-31 and its receptor (IL-31RA) is needed. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES (i) To assess the chronological expression of IL-31 in canine AD skin lesions, (ii) to compare it with serum IL-31 levels and macroscopic skin lesion scores, and (iii) to determine the identity of IL-31- and IL-31RA-positive cells. ANIMALS Four atopic dogs sensitised to house dust mites. METHODS AND MATERIALS Skin and blood samples were obtained 0 h, 24 h, 48 and 96 h after allergen provocation. IL-31 and IL-31RA single-staining immunofluorescence (IF), as well as IL-31/CD3, IL-31/CD4 and IL-31RA/β3-tubulin double-staining IF were performed. The IL-31-positive cells were counted subjectively. RESULTS The peak IL-31 expression for three of four dogs occurred 24 h or 48 h postchallenge; it started to decrease at 96 h. There was no significant correlation between the IL-31 expression scores and the serum IL-31 concentrations or the macroscopic skin lesion scores (P = 0.35 and P = 0.36, respectively). The majority of IL-31-positive cells were positive for CD3 (range 91-100%) and CD4 (range 63-100%), indicating that they were helper T (Th) cells. Unexpectedly, sebaceous glands were strongly immunolabelled with IL-31; the extinction of this positivity after immunoabsorption with IL-31 further supported the validity of this immunostaining. The IL-31RA was visualised on keratinocytes and a small proportion of dermal nerves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The early and transient production of IL-31 by Th cells supports the concept of using IL-31 inhibiting strategies as a proactive therapy to prevent flares of AD skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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14
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Olivry T, Pucheu-Haston CM, Mayer U, Bergvall K, Bexley J. Identification of major and minor chicken allergens in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:46-e16. [PMID: 34734435 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergens targeted by serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in dogs clinically allergic to chicken have not been reported. OBJECTIVES To characterise the allergens targeted by sIgE in dogs sensitised and allergic to chicken. ANIMALS Sera from three dogs not sensitised to chicken, from 10 chicken sensitised dogs and from 12 chicken allergic dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting with a commercial chicken extract were utilized. The bands identified on immunoblotting were sequenced by mass spectrometry for allergen characterization. RESULTS Using ELISA, we detected chicken-sIgE above the positive threshold in zero of three (0%) nonsensitised dogs, five of five (100%) chicken-sensitised dogs (a selection criterion), and in seven of 12 (58%) chicken-allergic dogs. Immunoblotting performed with the same extract revealed IgE-bound protein bands in 100% of all chicken-sensitised and -allergic dogs, respectively. To identify the allergens, we excised the corresponding bands on the electrophoretic gel, and submitted them for sequencing by mass spectrometry. We conclusively identified seven major allergens (serum albumin, pyruvate kinase M, enolase 3, creatine kinase M, lactate dehydrogenase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase) and one minor allergen (troponin C), which are relevant to dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We identified herein seven major chicken allergens for dogs, several of which are known to be cross-reactive allergens for humans. Based on their degree of sequence identity, these allergens exhibit the theoretical potential to be cross-reactive between poultry and mammalian meats; six of these allergens already are known to be cross-reactive between chicken and fish species. Future studies should address the clinical relevance and cross-reactivity potential of these chicken allergens in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ursula Mayer
- Anicura Kleintierspezialisten, Max-Josef-Metzger Straße 9, Augsburg, 86157, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Bexley
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
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Olivry T, Saridomichelakis M, Santoro D. Letter regarding "Successful nutritional control of scratching and clinical signs associated with adverse food reaction: A randomized controlled COSCAD'18 adherent clinical trial in dogs in the United States" and "Successful nutritional control of scratching and clinical signs associated with adverse food reaction: A randomized controlled COSCAD'18 adherent clinical trial in dogs in the United Kingdom": About misappropriating the COSCAD'18 for an unintended use. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2563-2564. [PMID: 34694033 PMCID: PMC8692183 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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16
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Olivry T, Paps JS, Amalric N. Transient and reversible reduction of stratum corneum filaggrin degradation products after allergen challenge in experimentally mite-sensitised atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:62-e20. [PMID: 34519121 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A defective skin barrier occurs in dogs with atopic dermatitis, and there is controversy over whether this defect pre-exists, or is secondary to allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVES To study if an allergen challenge decreases the natural moisturising factor (NMF), which contains the main filaggrin degradation products. ANIMALS Four house dust mite (HDM)-sensitised adult atopic dogs from a research colony. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were challenged epicutaneously with HDMs on the right lateral abdomen while the left thorax served as control. We swabbed the skin surface before, and at days (D)1, D2, D3, D7 and D28 after challenge, on both selected sites; swabs were soaked in detergent and frozen until assayed. The NMF components were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). RESULTS The allergen challenge induced moderate skin lesions at the application sites, and also mild erythema at the control areas. The allergen provocation led to significant decreases in the total NMF and its components trans-urocanic acid (t-UCA), pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) and serine on both sites. Lesion scores abated by D7 and the NMF concentrations had re-increased by D28. Skin lesion scores correlated negatively with the total NMF, t-UCA and PCA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In this experimental model, a single epicutaneous allergen challenge led to a transient and reversible decrease in skin surface NMF and its components, and concentrations were negatively correlated with skin lesion scores. These observations suggest that some of the skin barrier anomalies seen in atopic dogs likely develop secondarily to the underlying cutaneous allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Nicolas Amalric
- Synelvia, 516 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Labège, F-31670, France
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17
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Favrot C, Olivry T, Iwasaki T. An international seroprevalence survey of the IgE sensitisation to the Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite and two of its major allergens (Der f 2, Zen 1) in atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:117-e34. [PMID: 34414620 PMCID: PMC9292188 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs with atopic dermatitis are often immunoglobulin (Ig)E-sensitised to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) house dust mites, yet limited data exist on the sensitisation rates to the individual Df allergens, Der f 2 and Zen 1. OBJECTIVES To determine the IgE sensitisation rates to Df, Der f 2 and Zen 1 in atopic dogs from geographically diverse countries. ANIMALS Serum was collected from 32 laboratory dogs in Japan, and 837 atopic dogs from 11 countries from five continents: Asia (Japan, Thailand, Taiwan), Europe (Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, UK), North America (USA), South America (Argentina, Brazil) and Africa (South Africa). METHODS AND MATERIALS We determined Df-, Der f 2- and Zen 1-specific IgE levels by ELISA. Correlations between the IgE values for these three allergens were calculated. RESULTS The IgE seropositivity rates for Df varied between 74% (Argentina) and 100% (the Netherlands, Thailand, South Africa), those for Der f 2 between 12% (Argentina) and 88% (South Africa), and for Zen 1 between 70% (Argentina) and 100% (the Netherlands). Apart from the especially low seropositivity rate for Der f 2-specific IgE in Argentina, the percentage of IgE sensitisation varied little between countries. There was significant correlation between the IgE levels to these three allergens which was highest between Df and Zen 1, and lowest between Zen 1 and Der f 2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The IgE sensitisation to Df is geographically widespread. Der f 2 and Zen 1 are major allergens for dogs in almost all countries where this was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Toshiro Iwasaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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18
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Halliwell R, Pucheu-Haston CM, Olivry T, Prost C, Jackson H, Banovic F, Nuttall T, Santoro D, Bizikova P, Mueller RS. Feline allergic diseases: introduction and proposed nomenclature. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:8-e2. [PMID: 33470016 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline allergic diseases present as challenging problems for clinicians, not least because of the number of reaction patterns of the feline skin, none of which are specific for allergy. Furthermore, there is some controversy over the nomenclature that should be used in their description. OBJECTIVES To review the literature, assess the status of knowledge of the topic and the extent to which these diseases could be categorized as atopic in nature, and make recommendations concerning nomenclature. METHODS Atopic diseases in humans and cats were researched. A comparison then was made of the essential features in the two species. RESULTS There were sufficient similarities between human atopic diseases and the manifestations of feline diseases of presumed allergic aetiology to justify the use of "atopic" to describe some of the feline conditions affecting the skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. However, none of the allergic skin diseases showed features consistent with atopic dermatitis as described in man and the dog. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The term "Feline Atopic Syndrome" (FAS) is proposed to encompass allergic diseases of the skin, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, and "Feline atopic skin syndrome" (FASS) proposed to describe allergic skin disease associated with environmental allergies. We are not aware of any adverse food reactions in cats that are attributable to causes other than immunological reactions against the food itself. We therefore propose an aetiological definition of "Food Allergy" (FA) to describe such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Halliwell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | | | - Hilary Jackson
- Dermatology Referral Service, 528 Paisley Road West, Glasgow, G51 1RN, UK
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstr 13, Munich, Germany
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19
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Favrot C, Olivry T. On the possible role of food allergy in chronic urticaria in racing horses. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:103-104. [PMID: 34288177 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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20
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Meason-Smith C, Olivry T, Lawhon SD, Hoffmann AR. Malassezia species dysbiosis in natural and allergen-induced atopic dermatitis in dogs. Med Mycol 2021; 58:756-765. [PMID: 31782778 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia dermatitis and otitis are recurrent features of canine atopic dermatitis, increasing the cost of care, and contributing to a reduced quality of life for the pet. The exact pathogenesis of secondary yeast infections in allergic dogs remains unclear, but some have proposed an overgrowth of M. pachydermatis to be one of the flare factors. The distribution of Malassezia populations on healthy and allergic canine skin has not been previously investigated using culture-independent methods. Skin swabs were collected from healthy, naturally affected allergic, and experimentally sensitized atopic dogs. From the extracted DNA, fungal next-generations sequencing (NGS) targeting the ITS region with phylogenetic analysis of sequences for species level classification, and Malassezia species-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed. M. globosa was significantly more abundant on healthy canine skin by both methods (NGS P < .0001, qPCR P < .0001). M. restricta was significantly more abundant on healthy skin by NGS (P = .0023), and M. pachydermatis was significantly more abundant on naturally-affected allergic skin by NGS (P < .0001) and on allergen-induced atopic skin lesions by qPCR (P = .0015). Shifts in Malassezia populations were not observed in correlation with the development of allergen-induced skin lesions. Differences in the lipid dependency of predominant Malassezia commensals between groups suggests a role of the skin lipid content in driving community composition and raises questions of whether targeting skin lipids with therapeutics could promote healthy Malassezia populations on canine skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Meason-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
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21
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Hashimoto T, Mishra SK, Olivry T, Yosipovitch G. Periostin, an Emerging Player in Itch Sensation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2338-2343. [PMID: 34023128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Periostin, an extracellular matrix and matricellular protein, binds to several types of integrins that transduce its signals. Its function in allergic inflammation is the establishment of sustained chronic inflammation through an amplification of T helper type 2‒immune responses. In addition, recent studies have shown a significant role of periostin in itch sensation through direct integrin-mediated stimulation of nerve fibers and interaction with immune and nonimmune cells (e.g., macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and keratinocytes). The objective of this review is to describe the role of periostin in itch induction in human and animal models and its expression in human pruritic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan; Miami Itch center, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Genetics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Miami Itch center, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
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22
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Mishra SK, Wheeler JJ, Pitake S, Ding H, Jiang C, Fukuyama T, Paps JS, Ralph P, Coyne J, Parkington M, DeBrecht J, Ehrhardt-Humbert LC, Cruse GP, Bäumer W, Ji RR, Ko MC, Olivry T. Periostin Activation of Integrin Receptors on Sensory Neurons Induces Allergic Itch. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107472. [PMID: 32268102 PMCID: PMC9210348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allergic itch is a common symptom affecting millions of people and animals, but its pathogenesis is not fully explained. Herein, we show that periostin, abundantly expressed in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), induces itch in mice, dogs, and monkeys. We identify the integrin αVβ3 expressed on a subset of sensory neurons as the periostin receptor. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we inhibited the function of neuronal integrin αVβ3, which significantly reduces periostin-induced itch in mice. Furthermore, we show that the cytokine TSLP, the application of AD-causing MC903 (calcipotriol), and house dust mites all induce periostin secretion. Finally, we establish that the JAK/STAT pathway is a key regulator of periostin secretion in keratinocytes. Altogether, our results identify a TSLP-periostin reciprocal activation loop that links the skin to the spinal cord via peripheral sensory neurons, and we characterize the non-canonical functional role of an integrin in itch. Mishra et al. demonstrate periostin-induced itch in mice, dogs, and monkeys and identify the integrin αVβ3 as the periostin neuronal receptor. They find that keratinocytes release periostin in response to TSLP, thus identifying a possible reciprocal vicious circle implicating the cytokine TSLP and periostin in chronic allergic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; The WM Keck Behavioral Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Joshua J Wheeler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Saumitra Pitake
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Tomoki Fukuyama
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Ralph
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jacob Coyne
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Parkington
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBrecht
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lauren C Ehrhardt-Humbert
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Glenn P Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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23
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Favrot C, Fischer N, Rostaher A, Olivry T. Evaluation of Plasma C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker in Dogs with Atopic -Dermatitis Receiving Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: A Pilot Study. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 163:67-72. [PMID: 33528368 DOI: 10.17236/sat00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this pilot study, we wished to determine if C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could be a useful severity or treatment biomarker for canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Nine atopic dogs received allergen immunotherapy for 1 year. Blood was collected before and at four re-evaluation visits. At each time point, the skin lesions were graded with the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI) 4, and the plasma CRP levels were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We found a significant yet minimal correlation between the CRP levels and the CADESI4 scores. The CRP levels were not significantly different between dogs with AD of increasing severity. Finally, there was no correlation between the percentage change in CADESI4 and CRP values during immunotherapy. In conclusion, the lack of significant difference in CRP levels between dogs of increasing AD severity and lack of correlation between percentage changes in skin lesion and CRP values suggest that this protein would not be a clinically-useful biomarker in atopic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - N Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - A Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - T Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Cugmas B, Viškere D, Štruc E, Olivry T. Evaluation of Erythema Severity in Dermatoscopic Images of Canine Skin: Erythema Index Assessment and Image Sampling Reliability. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21041285. [PMID: 33670225 PMCID: PMC7916917 DOI: 10.3390/s21041285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The regular monitoring of erythema, one of the most important skin lesions in atopic (allergic) dogs, is essential for successful anti-allergic therapy. The smartphone-based dermatoscopy enables a convenient way to acquire quality images of erythematous skin. However, the image sampling to evaluate erythema severity is still done manually, introducing result variability. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the most popular erythema indices (EIs) and dermatologists’ erythema perception, and we measured intra- and inter-rater variability of the currently-used manual image-sampling methods (ISMs). We showed that the EIBRG, based on all three RGB (red, green, and blue) channels, performed the best with an average Spearman coefficient of 0.75 and a typical absolute disagreement of less than 14% with the erythema assessed by clinicians. On the other hand, two image-sampling methods, based on either selecting specific pixels or small skin areas, performed similarly well. They achieved high intra- and inter-rater reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Krippendorff’s alpha well above 0.90. These results indicated that smartphone-based dermatoscopy could be a convenient and precise way to evaluate skin erythema severity. However, better outlined, or even automated ISMs, are likely to improve the intra- and inter-rater reliability in severe erythematous cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Cugmas
- Biophotonics laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Raiņa Blvd., LV-1586 Rīga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-67-033-848
| | - Daira Viškere
- Biophotonics laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Raiņa Blvd., LV-1586 Rīga, Latvia;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 8 Kristapa Helmaņa Str., LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Eva Štruc
- Vetamplify SIA, veterinary services, 57/59-32 Krišjāņa Valdemāra Str., LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline diseases of possible allergic origin with similar clinical phenotypes can have a varied underlying pathogenesis. Clinical phenotype, precise aetiology and underlying immunopathogenesis all need to be considered if advances in this neglected area of dermatology are to be made. OBJECTIVES To document the status of research into the immunopathogenesis of the diseases that fall within the spectrum of the feline atopic syndrome (FAS ), to summarize the conclusions, identify the limitations and recommend future research directions. METHODS AND MATERIALS A search of the literature was undertaken. The strengths and validity of the data and the contributions to our current understanding of the immunopathogenesis were analysed. Skin diseases of presumed allergic aetiology and asthma were assessed separately, as was the role of antibodies, cells and cytokines in each. RESULTS The research varied in its quality and its impact often was limited by a failure to employ strict criteria in case selection. This reflected the difficulties of skin reaction patterns associated with a number of inciting causes. Research into feline asthma was handicapped by the difficulties of investigating clinical material, and much of the useful information was derived from experimental models. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The evidence reviewed was supportive of a role for immunoglobulin (Ig)E in the pathogenesis of both feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) and asthma, albeit not strongly so. The inflammation noted in both FASS and asthma is accompanied by eosinophils and lymphocytes, and these findings, together with the cytokine expression, are suggestive in some (not all) cats of T-helper type 2 immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Halliwell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstr 13, Munich, Germany
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Cugmas B, Olivry T. Evaluation of skin erythema severity by dermatoscopy in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:183-e46. [PMID: 33404104 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the extent and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD)-related skin lesions, clinical trials enrolling dogs with AD often use categorical scales such as the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI). Despite recent progress in the standardization of these AD-grading scales, the evaluation of the severity of skin lesions (including erythema) remains subjective. OBJECTIVES To validate an optical set-up with a smartphone and a dermatoscope for the objective estimation of skin erythema severity in atopic dogs. ANIMALS Forty-three dogs with AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS An erythema index (EI) was calculated from calibrated skin images and compared to the dermatologist's erythema severity estimate using the erythema grading scale used in the CADESI-04, as well as an ad hoc Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with a continuous palette of red shades. RESULTS We found a strong correlation based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between all erythema valuations: CADESI-04 and VAS: 0.93 [95% CI: (0.85, 0.96)]; CADESI-04 and EI: 0.85 (0.72, 0.92); VAS and EI: 0.82 (0.67, 0.91). There was a good agreement between the objective EI and CADESI-04-based estimates because 71% of samples were classified in the same erythema severity category. When comparing the EI and the VAS, the standard deviation of misestimates was 12% (maximum 100%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The proposed optical set-up has the potential to make erythema severity estimation objective, thus leading to more reliable AD severity scales for the use in experimental canine AD models or in clinical trials enrolling atopic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Cugmas
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Raiņa Bulvaris, Rīga, LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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High EJ, Olivry T. The prevalence of bacterial infections during cyclosporine therapy in dogs: A critically appraised topic. Can Vet J 2020; 61:1283-1289. [PMID: 33299244 PMCID: PMC7659886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine is used to treat immune-mediated and allergic conditions and to prevent transplant rejection. To determine the prevalence of bacterial infections during cyclosporine therapy in dogs, 2 databases were searched and 14 articles reporting usable data were identified. In 828 dogs with atopic dermatitis receiving anti-allergic dosages of cyclosporine, the prevalence of bacterial infections was 11%; these occurred most often in the integument and urinary systems and not in multiple systems. In 95 dogs receiving cyclosporine at higher dosages for other conditions, the prevalence of bacterial infection was 17%, and these infections occurred most often in the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory systems, often occurring at more than one body site. The prevalence of bacterial infections in atopic dogs treated with cyclosporine is low and occurs most often in the skin. When given for immunosuppression, the prevalence of bacterial infections is higher and can affect one or more body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endya J High
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Tham HL, Linder KE, Olivry T. Deep pemphigus (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus) in dogs, cats and horses: a comprehensive review. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:457. [PMID: 33228633 PMCID: PMC7686683 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is the term used to describe a group of rare mucocutaneous autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by flaccid blisters and erosions of the mucous membranes and/or skin. When the autoantibodies target desmosomes in the deep layers of the epidermis, deep pemphigus variants such as pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus develop. In this article, we will review the signalment, clinical signs, histopathology and treatment outcome of pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus in dogs, cats and horses; where pertinent, we compare the animal diseases to their human homologue. Canine, feline and equine pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus have many features similar to the human counterpart. These chronic and often relapsing autoimmune dermatoses require aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. In animals, the partial-to-complete remission of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus vegetans has been achieved with high dose glucocorticoid therapy, with or without adjunct immunosuppressants; the prognosis is grave for paraneoplastic pemphigus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L. Tham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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Thouvenot B, Roitel O, Tomasina J, Hilselberger B, Richard C, Jacquenet S, Codreanu-Morel F, Morisset M, Kanny G, Beaudouin E, Delebarre-Sauvage C, Olivry T, Favrot C, Bihain BE. Transcriptional frameshifts contribute to protein allergenicity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5477-5492. [PMID: 32634131 PMCID: PMC7524509 DOI: 10.1172/jci126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription infidelity (TI) is a mechanism that increases RNA and protein diversity. We found that single-base omissions (i.e., gaps) occurred at significantly higher rates in the RNA of highly allergenic legumes. Transcripts from peanut, soybean, sesame, and mite allergens contained a higher density of gaps than those of nonallergens. Allergen transcripts translate into proteins with a cationic carboxy terminus depleted in hydrophobic residues. In mice, recombinant TI variants of the peanut allergen Ara h 2, but not the canonical allergen itself, induced, without adjuvant, the production of anaphylactogenic specific IgE (sIgE), binding to linear epitopes on both canonical and TI segments of the TI variants. The removal of cationic proteins from bovine lactoserum markedly reduced its capacity to induce sIgE. In peanut-allergic children, the sIgE reactivity was directed toward both canonical and TI segments of Ara h 2 variants. We discovered 2 peanut allergens, which we believe to be previously unreported, because of their RNA-DNA divergence gap patterns and TI peptide amino acid composition. Finally, we showed that the sIgE of children with IgE-negative milk allergy targeted cationic proteins in lactoserum. We propose that it is not the canonical allergens, but their TI variants, that initiate sIgE isotype switching, while both canonical and TI variants elicit clinical allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Françoise Codreanu-Morel
- Unité Nationale d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Martine Morisset
- Unité d’Allergologie, Département de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gisèle Kanny
- Service de Médecine Interne, Immunologie Clinique et Allergologie, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Etienne Beaudouin
- Unité d’Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Metz, Metz, France
| | - Christine Delebarre-Sauvage
- Allergology Center Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Herrmann I, Loft KE, Olivry T. Shortened immunotherapy dose-escalation saves time, but is it safe? A case-control study comparing the rates of adverse reactions between conventional and fast-escalation subcutaneous immunotherapy protocols during the induction phase. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:454-e120. [PMID: 32940395 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only intervention believed to change the course of atopic diseases. As dogs appear to have fewer severe adverse events (AEs) compared to people receiving AIT, a prolonged dose-escalation induction phase might not be needed. OBJECTIVES To report the incidence and characteristics of AEs induced by a fast-escalation subcutaneous immunotherapy (f-SCIT) protocol compared to a conventional (c-SCIT) regimen. ANIMALS One hundred dogs treated with either f- SCIT (Centre 1, 50 dogs) or c-SCIT (Centre 2, 50 dogs). METHODS AND MATERIALS A case-control study retrospectively evaluating AEs during the induction of AIT. We determined the incidence and type of AEs in each SCIT group; we also assessed factors such as self-limitation and the need for AE-associated protocol changes. RESULTS Twelve of 100 dogs (12%) developed a SCIT-attributable AE during the induction phase, with one dog having a local and 11 having systemic reactions (nine Grade I, two Grade II, none of grades III or IV). Dogs treated with the f-SCIT had a significantly higher rate of AEs (11 of 50; 22%) compared to those receiving the c-SCIT (one of 50; 2%). Most of the AEs (10 of 11; 91%) in the f-SCIT group were mild and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The induction phase of f-SCIT is simpler, and the maintenance phase is reached faster than that of the c-SCIT. Despite its higher rate of AEs than with the c-SCIT regimen, the majority of f-SCIT-associated AEs were mild and self-limiting. Whether or not this f-SCIT protocol leads to a faster time-to-efficacy needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Klaus E Loft
- MSPCA Angell Memorial Hospital, 350 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Kiener S, Laprais A, Mauldin EA, Jagannathan V, Olivry T, Leeb T. LAMB3 Missense Variant in Australian Shepherd Dogs with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1055. [PMID: 32906717 PMCID: PMC7565164 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In a highly inbred Australian Shepherd litter, three of the five puppies developed widespread ulcers of the skin, footpads, and oral mucosa within the first weeks of life. Histopathological examinations demonstrated clefting of the epidermis from the underlying dermis within or just below the basement membrane, which led to a tentative diagnosis of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) with autosomal recessive inheritance. Endoscopy in one affected dog also demonstrated separation between the epithelium and underlying tissue in the gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the severity of the clinical signs, all three dogs had to be euthanized. We sequenced the genome of one affected puppy and compared the data to 73 control genomes. A search for private variants in 37 known candidate genes for skin fragility phenotypes revealed a single protein-changing variant, LAMB3:c.1174T>C, or p.Cys392Arg. The variant was predicted to change a conserved cysteine in the laminin β3 subunit of the heterotrimeric laminin-322, which mediates the binding of the epidermal basement membrane to the underlying dermis. Loss-of-function variants in the human LAMB3 gene lead to recessive forms of JEB. We confirmed the expected co-segregation of the genotypes in the Australian Shepherd family. The mutant allele was homozygous in two genotyped cases and heterozygous in three non-affected close relatives. It was not found in 242 other controls from the Australian Shepherd breed, nor in more than 600 other controls. These data suggest that LAMB3:c.1174T>C represents the causative variant. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of a LAMB3-related JEB in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kiener
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Laprais
- The Ottawa Animal Emergency and Specialty Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1K 4C1, Canada;
| | - Elizabeth A. Mauldin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.K.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Olivry T, Mueller RS. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (9): time to flare of cutaneous signs after a dietary challenge in dogs and cats with food allergies. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:158. [PMID: 32448251 PMCID: PMC7247231 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At this time, elimination diets followed by oral food challenges (OFCs) represent the "gold standard" for diagnosing skin-manifesting food allergies (FA) in dogs and cats. Regrettably, there is no clear consensus on how long one should wait for clinical signs to flare after an OFC before diagnosing or ruling-out a FA in a dog or a cat. RESULTS We searched two databases on October 23, 2019 to look for specific information on the time for a flare of clinical signs to occur during OFCs after elimination diets in dogs and cats with skin-manifesting FAs. Altogether, we reviewed the study results of nine papers that included 234 dogs and four articles containing data from 83 cats. As multiple OFCs could be done in the same patient and not all animals included were subjected to an OFC, we were able to compile 315 and 72 times to flare (TTF) after an OFC in dogs and cats, respectively. When regrouping all cases together, about 9% of dogs and 27% of cats exhibited a flare of clinical signs in the first day after an OFC; 21% of dogs and 29% of cats had such relapse by the end of the second day. The time needed for 50 and 90% of dogs to exhibit a deterioration of clinical signs (TTF50 and TTF90) was 5 and 14, respectively; in cats, these times were 4 and 7 days, respectively. By 14 days after an OFC, nearly all food-allergic patients from both species had had a relapse of clinical signs. These results are limited by the likely under-reporting of flares that occur on the first day immediately following an OFC, the time in which IgE-mediated acute allergic reactions typically develop. CONCLUSION Veterinary clinicians performing an OFC need to wait for 14 and 7 days for more than 90% of dogs and cats with a skin-manifesting FA to have a flare of clinical signs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Leeb T, Leuthard F, Jagannathan V, Kiener S, Letko A, Roosje P, Welle MM, Gailbreath KL, Cannon A, Linek M, Banovic F, Olivry T, White SD, Batcher K, Bannasch D, Minor KM, Mickelson JR, Hytönen MK, Lohi H, Mauldin EA, Casal ML. A Missense Variant Affecting the C-Terminal Tail of UNC93B1 in Dogs with Exfoliative Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ECLE). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E159. [PMID: 32028618 PMCID: PMC7074252 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in humans encompasses multiple subtypes that exhibit a wide array of skin lesions and, in some cases, are associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated dogs with exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ECLE), a dog-specific form of chronic CLE that is inherited as a monogenic autosomal recessive trait. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 14 cases and 29 controls confirmed a previously published result that the causative variant maps to chromosome 18. Autozygosity mapping refined the ECLE locus to a 493 kb critical interval. Filtering of whole genome sequence data from two cases against 654 controls revealed a single private protein-changing variant in this critical interval, UNC93B1:c.1438C>A or p.Pro480Thr. The homozygous mutant genotype was exclusively observed in 23 ECLE affected German Shorthaired Pointers and an ECLE affected Vizsla, but absent from 845 controls. UNC93B1 is a transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum and endolysosomes, which is required for correct trafficking of several Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The p.Pro480Thr variant is predicted to affect the C-terminal tail of the UNC93B1 that has recently been shown to restrict TLR7 mediated autoimmunity via an interaction with syndecan binding protein (SDCBP). The functional knowledge on UNC93B1 strongly suggests that p.Pro480Thr is causing ECLE in dogs. These dogs therefore represent an interesting spontaneous model for human lupus erythematosus. Our results warrant further investigations of whether genetic variants affecting the C-terminus of UNC93B1 might be involved in specific subsets of CLE or SLE cases in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (F.L.); (V.J.); (S.K.); (A.L.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.R.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Fabienne Leuthard
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (F.L.); (V.J.); (S.K.); (A.L.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.R.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (F.L.); (V.J.); (S.K.); (A.L.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.R.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Sarah Kiener
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (F.L.); (V.J.); (S.K.); (A.L.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.R.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (F.L.); (V.J.); (S.K.); (A.L.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.R.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Petra Roosje
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.R.); (M.M.W.)
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika M. Welle
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.R.); (M.M.W.)
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Monika Linek
- AniCura Tierärztliche Spezialisten, 22043 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Stephen D. White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Kevin Batcher
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Danika Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Katie M. Minor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - James R. Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.M.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.K.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.K.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth A. Mauldin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.A.M.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Margret L. Casal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.A.M.); (M.L.C.)
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High EJ, Olivry T. Development and validation of a graphic 2D investigator's global assessment instrument for grading the overall severity of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 31:207-e43. [PMID: 31833143 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) use validated instruments that aggregate the extent and severity of selected skin lesions; none of these provides a global assessment of the severity of all lesions. OBJECTIVES To validate an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) instrument to globally evaluate the severity of skin lesions in dogs with AD. ANIMALS Forty dogs with AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS A 2D graphic IGA (2D-IGA) instrument was created to subjectively score, with a single dot, the overall extent and severity of all canine AD lesions. This tool was tested for its validity (content, construct and criterion), reliability (inter- and intraobserver) and sensitivity to change. RESULTS The content of the 2D-IGA was first validated by a supportive vote by the International Committee of Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) membership. Its construct was verified by positive correlations between the 2D-IGA scores and those of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) and the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) (Spearman's rank-order correlation, P < 0.0001). The positive correlation (P < 0.0001) between an Owner Global Assessment of Disease Severity (OGADS) and the 2D-IGA indirectly satisfied its criterion. Scores graded by the same investigator hours apart and those between investigators were positively correlated (P < 0.0001), thereby validating this scale's intra- and interobserver reliabilities. Finally, the changes in 2D-IGA values during treatment were correlated positively with scores of an Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE; P < 0.0001), thus showing its sensitivity to change. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This novel 2D-IGA is a simple static graphic instrument that could be useful for clinical trials testing the efficacy of interventions for canine AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endya J High
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Wheeler JJ, Lascelles BD, Olivry T, Mishra SK. Itch-associated Neuropeptides and Their Receptor Expression in Dog Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:1131-1135. [PMID: 31449313 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most canine visits to veterinarians are related to skin diseases with itch being the chief complaint. Historically, several itch-inducing molecules and pathways have been identified in mice, but whether or not these are similar in dogs is not yet known. Herein, we set out to study the expression of pruritogenic neuropeptides, their cognate receptors with a limited functional validation thereof using a multidisciplinary approach. We demonstrated the expression of somatostatin and other major neuropeptides and receptors in canine dorsal root ganglia neurons. Next, we showed that interleukin-31, serotonin, and histamine activate such neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated the physiological release of somatostatin from dog dorsal root ganglia neurons in response to several endogenous itch mediators. In summary, our results provide the first evidence that dogs use similar pruritogenic pathways to those characterized in mice and we thus identify multiple targets for the future treatment of itch in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Wheeler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27607 Raleigh, USA
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Olivry T, Mueller RS. Critically Appraised Topic on Adverse Food Reactions of Companion Animals (8): Storage Mites in Commercial Pet foods. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:385. [PMID: 31672139 PMCID: PMC6822402 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dogs with year-round atopic dermatitis are often sensitized to Dermatophagoides house dust mites (HDM). Storage mites (SM) are known to grow on cereal-rich foods. Tyrophagus SM can exacerbate clinical signs of allergy in laboratory dogs sensitized to HDM. Consequently, atopic dogs with high-levels of HDM-specific IgE are likely to have a flare of signs after eating a food contaminated with SM; the development of such flares would lead to a false positive diagnosis of food allergy. Herein, we reviewed the published evidence about the growth of SM on commercial dry pet foods. Results We searched two databases on January 25, 2019 for articles providing original information on the growth of SM on commercial dog foods. We found ten articles, five reporting results of laboratory experiments and five from field studies. Storage mites, especially Tyrophagus putrescentiae, can multiply on protein- and fat-rich dog foods. The population growth is higher when the initial mite density is high and when kibbles are crushed. When storage conditions lead to the overgrowth of molds on the kibbles, the mite proliferation is higher. Storage mites do not bore holes in food packages but invade bags via defective seals. In the field, SM contamination usually is undetectable in newly-opened commercial dog foods, and, if present, their number is low. When newly-purchased bags are stored in temperate conditions indoors, little overgrowth—if any—of SM occurs. However, when kept in environmental conditions with higher temperature and humidity, Tyrophagus mites will enter and proliferate in sealed food packages. Conclusions Commercial dry pet foods should be kept indoors and sealed to decrease the risk of contamination with SM. When performing dietary restriction (elimination) and provocation trials for the diagnosis of food allergies in dogs, it seems preferable to choose newly-purchased bags—of both original and testing diets—to reduce the probability of their contamination with SM, especially Tyrophagus putrescentiae. In case of doubt about the presence of SM in any of these foods, one should perform food challenges with single home-cooked ingredients. Storage mite contamination might lead to an erroneous diagnosis of food allergy in HDM-sensitized dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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Favrot C, Fischer N, Olivry T, Zwickl L, Audergon S, Rostaher A. Atopic dermatitis in West Highland white terriers – part I: natural history of atopic dermatitis in the first three years of life. Vet Dermatol 2019; 31:106-110. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nina Fischer
- Dermatology Unit Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Dive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Lena Zwickl
- Dermatology Unit Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Audergon
- Dermatology Unit Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Favrot C, Bizikova P, Fischer N, Rostaher A, Olivry T. The usefulness of short-course prednisolone during the initial phase of an elimination diet trial in dogs with food-induced atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:498-e149. [PMID: 31617265 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy is a possible cause of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs; it is typically diagnosed following an eight-week elimination diet trial (EDT) and a provocation with the original diet. This lengthy procedure is difficult for owners and its interpretation may be unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To test the effect of prednisolone used in the first weeks of an EDT in order to reduce the total time period for diagnosis. The goal was to perform food challenges earlier than after the traditionally recommended eight weeks. ANIMALS Fifty-three dogs with AD were included in the study. METHODS AND MATERIALS All dogs were fed a commercially available extensively hydrolyzed protein-based commercial pet food and treated with prednisolone for at least two weeks to control pruritus and inflammation. Dogs were challenged two weeks after prednisolone finished, provided that no flare had occurred. Dogs with relapsing signs were fed the hydrolyzate for at least eight weeks with or without further prednisolone treatment. RESULTS Ten of 53 dogs (19%) had no relapse after two weeks off prednisolone: they were subsequently challenged with their regular food, had a relapse of signs and were diagnosed with a food-induced AD within four to six weeks of starting the EDT. In the other dogs, signs remained uncontrolled without prednisolone or relapsed rapidly after its discontinuation: they were considered nonfood-allergic after an eight week EDT. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that a shorter EDT is possible if the allergic pruritus and inflammation are initially controlled with a short course of glucocorticoids. This shortened trial is likely to improve owner adherence and facilitate the diagnosis of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Nina Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Tham HL, Linder KE, Olivry T. Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats and horses: vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome: a comprehensive review. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:251. [PMID: 31324191 PMCID: PMC6639964 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune dermatoses targeting melanocytes have gained attention in human medicine due to their progressive nature and the social impact suffered by affected individuals. In veterinary medicine, vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome are the two autoimmune diseases that are known to affect skin melanocytes.In the first part of this article, we will review the signalment, clinical signs, histopathology and the treatment outcome of vitiligo in dogs, cats and horses; where pertinent, we compare the animal diseases to their human homologue. In a similar fashion, the information on the uveodermatological syndrome in dogs is reviewed and, where relevant, it is compared to the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in humans.Canine, feline and equine vitiligo have many features that mirror their human counterparts. The most effective treatment and outcome of vitiligo in animals remain unclear. The canine uveodermatological syndrome resembles the incomplete VKH variant in humans; for affected individuals, an immediate diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to prevent the development of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L. Tham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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Olivry T, Mueller RS. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (7): signalment and cutaneous manifestations of dogs and cats with adverse food reactions. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:140. [PMID: 31072328 PMCID: PMC6507158 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outside of pruritus, there is no clear consensus on the nature and prevalence of cutaneous manifestations of adverse food reactions (AFRs) in dogs and cats. RESULTS We searched two databases on August 7, 2018, for articles reporting detailed data on the signalment and clinical signs of at least one dog or cat with a cutaneous AFR (CAFR). We identified 233 and 407 citations from which were selected 32 articles reporting original information. Twenty-two articles included data on 825 dogs with CAFRs. The reported age of onset varied from less than one to 13 years of age; a beginning of signs by 6 or 12 months of age was noted in 22 to 38% of dogs, respectively. The female-to-male ratio also varied considerably. Four breeds (German shepherd dogs, West Highland white terriers, Labrador and golden retrievers) accounted for about 40% of affected dogs. Most dogs diagnosed with a CAFR were pruritic, most often in a generalized pattern, with the ears, feet, and abdomen also being frequently affected; the perineum was uncommonly targeted, however. Canine CAFRs presented mainly as recurrent bacterial skin infections, otitis externa and atopic dermatitis. Twelve articles reported novel information on 210 cats with this syndrome. There was no apparent breed and gender predisposition for feline CAFRs, but cats appeared to develop signs later than dogs with the same syndrome. Most cats with a CAFR were pruritic, especially on the head/face and neck, with the abdomen and ears also commonly involved. Symmetric self-induced alopecia, a head-and-neck self-traumatic dermatitis, miliary dermatitis and variants of eosinophilic diseases were the most common manifestations of feline CAFRs. CONCLUSIONS CAFRs affect dogs and cats of any age, any breed, and both genders, with the proportion of juvenile dogs diagnosed about twice that of cats. There are no reliable breed predisposition data. Most patients are pruritic, with half the dogs having generalized pruritus and half the cats scratching their face/head or neck. Canine CAFRs most often manifest as bacterial skin infections, otitis externa or atopic dermatitis; cats with CAFRs will exhibit the expected clinical phenotypes associated with feline hypersensitivity dermatitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Levy BJ, Linder KE, Olivry T. The role of oclacitinib in the management of ischaemic dermatopathy in four dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:201-e63. [PMID: 31006925 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic dermatopathy represents a heterogenous and poorly-characterized canine syndrome that is often refractory to conventional immunosuppression. Janus-kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) are used for the treatment of various human autoimmune diseases, including dermatomyositis. Oclacitinib is a generally well-tolerated, veterinary-approved, nonselective JAKinib that has therapeutic potential as an immunosuppressant. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To describe four cases of treatment refractory juvenile-onset ischaemic dermatopathy that rapidly and durably responded to oclacitinib administration. ANIMALS Four mixed-breed dogs, three 9-month-old male littermates and one 6-month-old female, were presented for generalized patchy alopecia, scarring and ulcerative dermatitis. Microscopic skin lesions were consistent with a severe ischaemic dermatopathy. METHODS AND MATERIALS A complete remission of skin lesions could not be achieved in any dog with glucocorticoids alone, nor when these were combined with adjuvant immunosuppressants. Oclacitinib treatment was then initiated at the dosage of 0.4-0.7 mg/kg twice daily, along with a tapering regimen of oral prednisolone. RESULTS A full clinical remission was achieved within four weeks of starting this combination therapy, with prednisolone being stopped within eight weeks thereof. Remission was maintained in two dogs with lower doses or dosing frequencies of oclacitinib, whereas the two others required persistent twice daily administration of this JAKinib. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oclacitinib was a useful immunosuppressive adjuvant to oral glucocorticoids for the treatment of refractory or severe cases of ischaemic dermatopathy in these four dogs. Such observation warrants further studies of the safety, efficacy and mechanism of action of oclacitinib as an immunosuppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt J Levy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Freudenberg JM, Olivry T, Mayhew DN, Rubenstein DS, Rajpal DK. The Comparison of Skin Transcriptomes Confirms Canine Atopic Dermatitis Is a Natural Homologue to the Human Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:968-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine NC State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute NC State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery University of Georgia 2200 College Station Road Athens GA 30602 USA
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Agler CS, Friedenberg S, Olivry T, Meurs KM, Olby NJ. Genome-wide association analysis in West Highland White Terriers with atopic dermatitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 209:1-6. [PMID: 30885300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease of dogs and humans. In both species, the interplay of genetic and environmental factors affect disease expression. In dogs with AD, differences in the breed studied and in their geographical origin have led to heterogeneity in genetic association and while different loci have been identified, a causative genetic mutation has not. We hypothesized that AD could be mapped in a large cohort of rigorously phenotyped, geographically restricted West Highland White Terriers (WHWT), a breed with a high prevalence of the disease. OBJECTIVES A) Collect phenotypes and DNA from a large cohort of WHWT born in the USA. B) Perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for AD in these dogs to identify associated regions and genes of interest. C) Sequence genes of interest to identify pathologic variants. METHODS We collected DNA from 96 WHWT with AD and 87 controls from the same breed. DNA was isolated and dogs were genotyped using the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. A GWAS was performed using EMMAX and associated regions were examined for genes of interest. Genes with possible relevance to AD were examined more closely in two affected and two normal WHWT using next-generation sequencing. Variants in these genes that were unique to the two affected WHWT were compared to a database of variants derived from whole genome sequencing of 200 non-WHWT dogs across 33 additional breeds. RESULTS The GWAS identified a 2.7 Mb genomic region on CFA3 that included 37 genes. There was a missense variant in the F2R gene in both affected dogs but this variant was also found in 35 dogs in 9 breeds in the database of whole genome sequences for whom the phenotype regarding atopic dermatitis was unknown. CONCLUSIONS Atopic dermatitis in WHWT is associated with a region on CFA3 that contains several candidate genes. Of these, a homozygous variant in the F2R gene present in multiple breeds that also suffer from AD warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary S Agler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Steven Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Kate M Meurs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Paps JS, Olivry T. Proactive maintenance therapy of canine atopic dermatitis with the anti-IL-31 lokivetmab. Can a monoclonal antibody blocking a single cytokine prevent allergy flares? Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:98. [PMID: 30672050 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Once the signs of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) are controlled, the proactive application of topical glucocorticoids can delay disease flares. OBJECTIVES We wished to determine if the proactive administration of the anti-IL-31 lokivetmab would prevent or delay flares of canine AD. ANIMALS We tested this strategy in four Maltese-beagle atopic dogs before enrolling 21 dogs with spontaneous AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS In our acute AD model, house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized dogs were injected once with lokivetmab. After seven days, an HDM suspension was applied epicutaneously, and both skin lesions and pruritus manifestations were quantified for 24 h. In a second study, 21 dogs with spontaneous AD controlled with anti-allergic drugs were treated with lokivetmab per manufacturer's recommendations; all anti-allergic drugs were discontinued within four weeks after the first injection. All dogs were followed prospectively for at least one year and the time-to-flare (TTF) of AD after the last day of anti-allergic treatment was determined. RESULTS In the experimental study, one injection of lokivetmab prevented nearly all expected allergen-induced pruritus manifestations but not skin lesion development. In dogs with spontaneous AD, the median TTF after lokivetmab proactive therapy was 63 days. One-fourth of dogs did not exhibit a flare for at least one year while receiving lokivetmab monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Although lokivetmab seems more effective to prevent pruritus than skin lesions in dogs with experimental AD' it also can delay disease flares in some dogs with the spontaneous disease. Studies are needed to identify those patients most likely to respond to such a proactive regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Olivry T. Could we use the erythema grading of the CADESI4 as a simple instrument for future short-duration clinical trials of dogs with atopic dermatitis? Vet Dermatol 2018; 30:80-81. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; NC State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute; NC State University; Raleigh NC 27606 USA
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Mueller RS, Olivry T. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (6): prevalence of noncutaneous manifestations of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:341. [PMID: 30419909 PMCID: PMC6233561 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many reports describe the cutaneous signs of adverse food reactions (AFR) in the dog and cat. However, various non-cutaneous clinical signs are less well described. Our objective was to systematically evaluate these non-cutaneous signs of AFR in small animals. RESULTS We searched two databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) for pertinent references on non-cutaneous signs of adverse food reactions. Among 117 and 764 articles found in the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, respectively, we selected 47 articles that reported data related to non-cutaneous clinical signs of AFR. Gastrointestinal signs, symmetrical lupoid onychitis, conjunctivitis, sneezing, and anaphylaxis were reported to be associated with AFR in dogs and gastrointestinal and respiratory signs, conjunctivitis, and hyperactive behaviour in cats. In Border terriers with paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia, an underlying AFR should be considered. Of these clinical signs diarrhoea and frequent defecation were most frequently reported to be diet-responsive in dogs; in the cat, these were vomiting and diarrhoea. CONCLUSIONS An elimination diet should be considered early in the work-up of dogs and cats with chronic vomiting and diarrhoea. Other non-cutaneous signs occur less commonly because of AFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S. Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, a cross-reactive clinical allergy has been reported between three chicken and fish meat proteins: beta-enolase, aldolase A and parvalbumin. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if IgE cross-reactivity between chicken and fish also existed in the dog. ANIMALS Sera from dogs with suspected allergic skin disease and with IgE against chicken and fish. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sera were analysed by ELISA and immunoblotting with chicken, white fish (haddock and cod) and salmon extracts. Reciprocal inhibition ELISAs and inhibition immunoblots were then performed. Protein sequencing of bands identified on multiple extracts was determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Out of 53 archived canine sera tested by ELISA against chicken, white fish or salmon, 15 (28%), 12 (23%) and 26 (49%), respectively, had elevated IgE against one, two or all three of these extracts. Seven of the triple-reactive sera were subjected to reciprocal inhibition ELISAs. A >50% inhibition was found between chicken-fish, chicken-salmon and fish-salmon in seven, four and five of seven dogs, respectively. Immunoblotting identified multiple IgE-binding proteins of identical molecular weights in the three extracts; these were partially to fully cross-reactive by inhibition immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry identified nine cross-reactive proteins as: pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, alpha-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-enolase, aldolase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase 1. All of these have been reported previously as fish, shellfish and/or chicken allergens for humans. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Whether any of these newly identified IgE cross-reactive chicken-fish allergens is the cause of clinical allergy needs to be determined in dogs reacting to at least two of these common food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bexley
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
| | - Nicola Kingswell
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Olivry T, Bensignor E, Favrot C, Griffin CE, Hill PB, Mueller RS, Plant JD, Williams HC. Development of a core outcome set for therapeutic clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (COSCAD'18). BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:238. [PMID: 30115047 PMCID: PMC6097451 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, the efficacy of interventions in clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) relied on heterogeneous evaluations of skin lesions and pruritus using unvalidated tools. Although some instruments for clinical signs were validated later, there was little impact on standardizing outcome measures resulting in difficulties in comparing treatment efficacy between trials and impeding meta-analyses. RESULTS Participants in the Outcome Measures subcommittee of the International Committee of Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) collaborated for two years to develop a core outcome set (COS) for canine AD, the COSCAD. This project involved several steps, constantly-re-assessed during online exchanges, to define the scope of this COS, to identify the relevant stakeholders, the domains to be evaluated, the instruments available for measuring agreed-upon domains and how to express outcome measures. This COSCAD'18 was designed principally for therapeutic-but not preventive or proactive-clinical trials enrolling dogs with chronic, nonseasonal (perennial), moderate-to-severe AD. Selected domains were skin lesions, pruritus manifestations and perception of treatment efficacy. Instruments to evaluate these domains were the CADESI4 or CADLI, the 10-point pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS10) and the Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE), respectively. The COSCAD'18 has three outcome measures: the percentages of dogs with veterinarian-assessed skin lesions or owner-rated pruritus manifestation scores in the range of normal dogs or those with mild AD; the third is a good-to-excellent global assessment by the pet owners of their perception of treatment efficacy. Importantly, this COSCAD'18 is not meant to represent the sole-or primary-outcome measures evaluated in a trial; authors are always free to add any others, which they deem will best assess the efficacy of tested interventions. Benchmarks to define a threshold for treatment success were not set, as what constitutes a clinically-relevant therapeutic efficacy is expected to vary greatly depending interventions. CONCLUSIONS This COSCAD'18 should help veterinarians and owners compare the benefits of treatments in future trials. This COS should also facilitate the combination of trial results in future systematic reviews, thereby producing more reliable summary estimates of treatment effects and enhancing evidence-based veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Bensignor
- Dermatology for Animals, Rennes, France.,Dermatology for Animals, Paris, France.,Dermatology for Animals, Nantes, France
| | - Claude Favrot
- Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter B Hill
- Companion Animal Health Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hywel C Williams
- Centre of Evidence-Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham Kings Meadow Campus, Lenton Lane, Nottingham, UK
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Olivry T, Bexley J. Cornstarch is less allergenic than corn flour in dogs and cats previously sensitized to corn. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:207. [PMID: 29945608 PMCID: PMC6020376 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corn appears to be an uncommon food source of allergens in dogs and cats. There is limited information on the nature of the corn allergens in dogs and cats and their presence in the various foodstuffs used in commercial pet foods. The aim of this study was to determine if serum IgE from corn-sensitized dogs and cats recognized proteins in corn flour and cornstarch, which are common sources of carbohydrates in pet foods. Results We selected archived sera from allergy-suspected dogs (40) and cats (40) with either undetectable, low, medium or high serum levels of corn-specific IgE. These sera were tested then by ELISA on plates coated with extracts made from corn kernels, corn flour, cornstarch and the starch used in the commercially-available extensively-hydrolyzed pet food Anallergenic (Royal Canin). Immunoblotting was then performed on the same extracts with some of the sera from moderate-to-high corn-sensitized dogs and cats. Using ELISA, it is mostly the dogs and cats with moderate and high corn-specific IgE levels that also had IgE identifying allergens in the flour (dogs: 20/30 sera, 67% - cats: 20/29, 69%). In contrast, none of the tested sera had measurable IgE against proteins isolated from the cornstarch. Immunoblotting confirmed the existence of numerous major corn allergens in the corn kernel extract, fewer in that of the corn flour, while such allergens were not detectable using this technique in the two cornstarch extracts. Conclusions In this study, ELISA and immunoblotting results suggest that IgE from corn-sensitized dogs are less likely to recognize allergens in cornstarch than in kernel and flour extracts. As corn is not a common allergen source in dogs and cats, and as its starch seems to be less allergenic than its flour, pet foods containing cornstarch as a carbohydrate source are preferable for dogs and cats suspected of suffering from corn allergy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1538-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 Willliam Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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