1
|
Xiao F, Cao S, Xiao M, Xie L, Zhao Q. Patterns of home care and community support preferences among older adults with disabilities in China: a latent class analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 36869322 PMCID: PMC9983178 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing in place is the preferred choice for most older adults worldwide. The role of the family as a core care resource has diminished as a result of changes in family structure, thus extending the responsibility for caring for older adults from within the family to outside it and requiring considerably more support from society. However, there is a shortage of formal and qualified caregivers in many countries, and China has limited social care resources. Therefore, it is important to identify home care patterns and family preferences to provide effective social support and reduce government costs. METHODS Data were obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study 2018. Latent class analysis models were estimated using Mplus 8.3. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the influencing factors with the R3STEP method. Lanza's method and the chi-square goodness-of-fit test were used to explore community support preferences among different categories of families of older adults with disabilities. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified based on older adults with disabilities' characteristics (degree of disability, demand satisfaction), caregivers' characteristics (length of providing care, care performance) and living status: Class 1- mild disability and strong care (46.85%); Class 2- severe disability and strong care (43.92%); and Class 3- severe disability and incompetent care (9.24%). Physical performance, geographic region and economic conditions jointly influenced home care patterns (P < 0.05). Home visits from health professionals and health care education were the top two forms of community support that were most preferred by the older adults with disabilities' families (residual > 0). Families in the Class 3 subgroup preferred personal care support more than those in the other two subgroups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Home care is heterogeneous across families. Older adults' degrees of disability and care needs may be varied and complex. We classified different families into homogeneous subgroups to reveal differences in home care patterns. The findings can be used by decision-makers in their attempts to design long-term care arrangements for home care and to adjust the distribution of resources for the needs of older adults with disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songmei Cao
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Xie
- Department of Nursing, First Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
International Comparison of Social Support Policies on Long-Term Care in Workplaces in Aging Societies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063284. [PMID: 35328971 PMCID: PMC8955393 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in the working-age population in aging societies causes a shortage of employees in workplaces due to long-term care (LTC) leave for family and relatives as well as longer working hours or overwork among those remaining in the workplace. We collected and analyzed literature and guidelines regarding social-support policies on LTC in workplaces in seven countries (Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the UK, and the USA) to propose an effective way of occupational health support for those in need. Our analysis indicated the existence of a system that incorporates the public-assistance mechanism of providing unused paid leave to those in need. Additionally, recipients of informal care provided by employees tended to expand to non-family members under the current occupational health system. On the other hand, the health management of employees as informal caregivers remained neglected. Likewise, salary compensation and financial support for LTC-related leave need to be improved. In order to monitor and evaluate the progress and achievement of current legal occupational health systems and programs related to the social support of LTC among employees, the available national and/or state-based quantitative data should be comparable at the international level.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee K, Revelli M, Dickson D, Marier P. Who Cares? Preferences for Formal and Informal Care Among Older Adults in Québec. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:227-234. [PMID: 34886702 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820976436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy makers, practitioners, and scholars are increasingly examining the types of care services (formal vs. informal) offered to older adults. This study evaluates predictors of these adults' preferences for care types in Québec, Canada, based on a province-wide survey inserted in a magazine of the largest seniors' club in Canada (FADOQ). More than twice as many respondents indicated a preference for formal rather than informal care. Multinomial logistic regressions demonstrate that older adults' past and current experiences and perceptions of formal and informal services continue to play an important role in their preference formation regarding care services. The study determined that preferring informal care is significantly more prevalent when one is accustomed to this type of care, and that men are significantly more likely to prefer informal care than women, and that lower-income individuals are less likely to favor formal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Lee
- Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cadet T, Burke SL, Nedjat-Haiem F, Bakk L, Naseh M, Grudzien A, O’Driscoll J, Alcide A. Timing of Immigration Effects Asset Change Among Hispanic Caregivers of Older Family Members. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES 2020; 42:561-572. [PMID: 33041610 PMCID: PMC7537373 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-020-09719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the cultural value of family in Hispanic culture, older Hispanic immigrants are likely to have family caregivers. This study examined the economic implications of caring for older Hispanic adults regarding non-housing financial wealth over time. Using the 2008, 2010, and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and RAND HRS data files, this study compares changes in the non-housing financial wealth between 2008 and 2012 by caregiving and immigration status among Hispanics. This study examined differences in assets between Hispanic caregivers and non-caregivers and more specifically examined the subpopulation of Hispanic caregivers who immigrated prior to and after 1968 as compared to U.S.-born caregivers to better understand the effect of the Immigration and Nationality Amendment Act of 1965 on asset change. Results indicate that caregiving itself did not have a statistically significant association with wealth, but the timing of immigration to the US had a statistically significant correlation (p < .05) with changes in the financial wealth. The findings of this study have implications for policy and program development targeting older adults and caregiving for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cadet
- School of Social Work, Simmons University, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shanna L. Burke
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | | | | | - Mitra Naseh
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Adrienne Grudzien
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Janice O’Driscoll
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Amary Alcide
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bredewold F, Verplanke L, Kampen T, Tonkens E, Duyvendak JW. The care receivers perspective: How care-dependent people struggle with accepting help from family members, friends and neighbours. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:762-770. [PMID: 31815344 PMCID: PMC7187222 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In many countries in north-western Europe, the welfare state is changing, and governments expect a great deal of informal care. In the Netherlands, citizens are also increasingly expected to rely on informal instead of professional care. In this study, we aim to determine to what extent Dutch care-dependent people want to rely on social network members and what reasons they raise for accepting or refusing informal care. To answer this question, we observed 65 so-called 'kitchen table talks', in which social workers assess citizens' care needs and examine to what extent relatives, friends and/or neighbours can provide help and care. We also interviewed 50 professionals and 30 people in need of care. Our findings show that a great deal of informal care is already given (in 46 out of 65 cases), especially between people who have a close emotional bond. For this reason, people in need of care often find it difficult to ask their family members, friends or neighbours for extra assistance. People are afraid to overburden their family members, friends or neighbours. Another reason people in need of care raise against informal care is that they feel ashamed of becoming dependent. Although the government wants to change the meaning of autonomy by emphasising that people are autonomous when they rely on social network members, people who grew up in the heyday of the welfare state feel embarrassed and ashamed when they are not able to reciprocate. Our findings imply that policymakers and social professionals need to reconsider the idea that resources of informal care are inexhaustible and that citizens can look after each other much more than they already do. It is important that social policymakers approach the codes and norms underlying social relations more cautiously because pressure on these relations can have negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Kampen
- University of Humanistic StudiesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Plöthner M, Schmidt K, de Jong L, Zeidler J, Damm K. Needs and preferences of informal caregivers regarding outpatient care for the elderly: a systematic literature review. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:82. [PMID: 30866827 PMCID: PMC6417014 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal caregivers are an essential pillar for ensuring and maintaining the outpatient care of the frail elderly. Due to demographic changes, including an increase in the number of people in need of care as well as changing social structures (full-time employment of women, increasing number of single households, etc.) these informal care structures are fraught by considerable challenges. To support and facilitate informal caregivers in their role of nursing, it is important to identify their preferences, needs, and thus create a preference-oriented system. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify preferences and needs regarding the organization of informal care. The database searches were performed by using EMBASE, Scopus and Dimdi. RESULTS A total of 44 studies were included in the present review. Studies from 17 different countries provide broad international perspectives. Besides the preferences for long-term care structure, the following four principal topics were identified: (1) informational needs; (2) support needs; (3) organizational needs, and (4) needs for societal recognition. CONCLUSION To meet the current challenges in the outpatient or home-based care of elders, it is essential to strengthen the role of informal caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt and further develop informal care structures according to the needs of informal caregivers. However, demographic, financial and cultural aspects of each country need to be considered as these may influence the preferences and needs of informal caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Plöthner
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - K. Schmidt
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - L. de Jong
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Zeidler
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| | - K. Damm
- Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH), Leibniz University Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uysal N, Gürol Arslan G, Mete S. The feelings and experiences of hospitalized patients regarding informal caregivers: a qualitative study. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2019; 58:166-181. [PMID: 30321130 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2018.1531102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the views of hospitalized patients regarding family/informal caregivers (ICs). In this study thematic content analysis was used, interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded. The 4 themes and 11 subthemes were determined. Themes: Identity of IC, expectations of IC, feelings about the presence or absence of an IC. Along with feeling positive emotions when ICs were present, patients also felt as though they were a burden on caregivers. Family caregivers are an important social support for patients and they may lead to more meaningful patient outcomes globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Uysal
- a Faculty of Health Science Nursing Department, Florya Halit Aydin Campus , Istanbul Aydin University , Küçükçekmece , Turkey
| | - Gülşah Gürol Arslan
- b Department of Fundamentals Nursing , Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing , Balçova, İzmir , Turkey
| | - Samiye Mete
- c Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Kyrenia , Girne, KKTC , Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Minney MJ, Ranzijn R. "We Had a Beautiful Home . . . But I Think I'm Happier Here": A Good or Better Life in Residential Aged Care. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2015; 56:919-27. [PMID: 26035883 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This qualitative study investigates residents' perspectives on whether a "good life" is possible for older people living in residential aged care (RAC) and offers insight into the services and support needed to sustain their good life. DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen aged care residents (2 male, 11 female) ranging in age from 77 to 95 years, participated in semi-structured interviews in 2 RAC facilities in Adelaide, South Australia. Both facilities employed a model of aged care based on active aging and positive psychology principles called the partners in positive aging (PiPA) model. RESULTS Interpretative phenomenological analysis showed that residents' perception of a good life was centred on the service providers' ability to enhance their physical, social, and psychological well-being while allowing them to maintain their sense of identity. Counter-stereotypically, findings suggest that the aged care environment can provide older people who are physically frail but cognitively intact with a better life than when they were living in their own homes. IMPLICATIONS Psychological good life theory needs to be adapted and modified when considering the needs of cognitively intact older adults in residential care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Minney
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Magill, Australia
| | - Rob Ranzijn
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Magill, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Khashan H, Mishriky A, Selim M, El Sheikh A, BinSaeed AA. Home caregivers' satisfaction with the services provided by Riyadh Military Hospital's home support program. Ann Saudi Med 2011; 31:591-7. [PMID: 22048504 PMCID: PMC3221130 DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.87095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The satisfaction of the family is essential to the success of home care support services. This study aimed to assess home caregivers' satisfaction with support services and to identify potential factors affecting their satisfaction. DESIGN AND SETTINGS The study was conducted in the Family and Community Medicine Department at Riyadh Military Hospital using cross-sectional design over a period of six months. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred forty participants were recruited by systematic random sampling from the division registry. Data were collected through telephone calls using a designed structured interview form. All research ethics principles were followed. RESULTS The response rate was 76.25%. Most caregivers were patients' sons or daughters. The duration of patients' disabling illnesses varied from less than 1 year to up to 40 years. The majority of caregivers agreed that a home care services team provided the proper healthcare-related support to the patients and improved caregivers' self-confidence in caring for their patients. Overall, on a scale of 100%, the median level of satisfaction was 90%, and 73.2% of caregivers had a satisfaction score of 75% or higher. Increased age, female gender, and more frequent home visits were positive independent factors associated with caregivers' satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION Although most caregivers are satisfied with the services provided by a home care support program, there are still areas of deficiency, particularly in physiotherapy, vocational therapy, and social services. The implications are that caregivers need to be educated and trained in caring for their patients and need to gain self-confidence in their skills. The program's administration should improve physiotherapy, vocational therapy, social services, and procedures for hospital referral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Al-Khashan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Solovieva TI, Walls RT, Hendricks DJ, Dowler DL. Cost of workplace accommodations for individuals with disabilities: with or without personal assistance services. Disabil Health J 2009; 2:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Nyman A, Lund ML. Influences of the social environment on engagement in occupations: The experience of persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Occup Ther 2009; 14:63-72. [PMID: 17366079 DOI: 10.1080/11038120601124562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this explorative study was to describe and enhance the understanding of how persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience the influence of the social environment on their engagement in occupations. Nine persons were interviewed and the data obtained were analysed using a comparative method. The findings revealed that other persons in the social environment influenced informants' experiences of engaging in occupations in two ways, which formed the categories: "Constructive collaboration" and "Insufficient collaboration". These categories had certain properties related to the actions the others undertook to assist the informants during their collaboration. These assisting actions influenced the informants' possibilities to engage in occupations, and also their experience of engagement. The findings also showed that the "Conditions for collaboration" varied and influenced their collaboration, which thereby constituted a third category. The findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of how other persons can facilitate and restrict meaningful occupational experiences. This provides knowledge that can be used by occupational therapists when empowering their clients and those close to them to reflect on their actions and the consequences of these actions to enhance occupational engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Nyman
- Department of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ryan AA, McCann S, McKenna H. Impact of community care in enabling older people with complex needs to remain at home. Int J Older People Nurs 2009; 4:22-32. [PMID: 20925798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2008.00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim. This aim of the study was to explore the impact of community care in enabling older people with complex needs to remain at home. Background. Changing demographic trends and successive government policies have led to an increase in the number of older people with complex needs residing in the community. Design. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from older people (n = 17) and carers (n = 14). Method. Social workers were asked to identify community dwelling older people (65+ years) with multiple needs requiring interventions from a range of health and social care practitioners. Results. Community care enabled older people with complex needs who would otherwise have required residential or nursing home care to remain in their own homes. This was the expressed wish of both the older people and carers interviewed. Conclusions. The provision of high-quality community care for older people is a globally significant challenge and one that requires creative solutions, both at a local and strategic level. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses and other health and social care professionals need to understand the significance of 'home' for older people and take steps to ensure that additional and appropriate resources are targeted towards community care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assumpta Ann Ryan
- Lecturer, School of Nursing and Institute for Nursing Research, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern IrelandLecturer in Psychology, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern IrelandDean of Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wolff JL, Kasper JD, Shore AD. Long-Term Care Preferences Among Older Adults: A Moving Target? J Aging Soc Policy 2008; 20:182-200. [DOI: 10.1080/08959420801977574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Doyle S. Member Checking With Older Women: A Framework for Negotiating Meaning. Health Care Women Int 2007; 28:888-908. [DOI: 10.1080/07399330701615325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Andersson M, Hallberg IR, Edberg AK. Old people receiving municipal care, their experiences of what constitutes a good life in the last phase of life: a qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud 2007; 45:818-28. [PMID: 17540379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Old people's life situation when receiving municipal help and care in their last period of life is sparsely investigated from their own perspective. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of aspects that bring about a good life in the last phase of life among people (75+ years) receiving municipal care. PARTICIPANTS Older people living in a municipality in Southern Sweden being 75 years or older, receiving help and/or care from the municipality, and having a life-threatening disease and/or receiving palliative care were asked to participate. In all 17 people, 10 women and 7 men, aged 78-100 years were included. METHODS Qualitative interviews, with the emphasis on their present life situation especially what brought about a good life, were performed. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The experience was interpreted to be Turning inwards to come to peace with the past, the present and approaching death while being trapped by health complaints. Six categories embraced the experience of aspects that constitute a good life in the last phase of life: Maintaining dignity, Enjoying small things, Feelings of "being at home", Being in the hands of others, trying to adjust, Still being important for other people and Completing life while facing death. CONCLUSION This study confirm theories suggesting that the last phase of life in old age meant focusing inwards, reflecting on the entire life as a way of completing it as well as enjoying small things and also viewing oneself in the perspective of contributing to the future. It also indicated that this phase of life meant being trapped by health complaints and functional limitations. The struggle to maintaining dignity as opposed to being in the hands of others implies that the concept of palliative care may be useful as a framework for providing nursing care to very old people, especially at the end of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Andersson
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Gerontology and Caring Sciences, P.O. Box 157, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tiegs TJ, Heesacker M, Ketterson TU, Pekich DG, Rittman MR, Rosenbek JC, Stidham BS, Gonzalez-Rothi LJ. Coping by stroke caregivers: sex similarities and differences. Top Stroke Rehabil 2006; 13:52-62. [PMID: 16581630 DOI: 10.1310/cjvw-wcpk-2fcv-369p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Informal care provision presents many challenges. As the population ages, more people are forced to enter the role of informal caretaker. Despite the increase in the need for caregivers and the importance of providing care, there is little empirical research examining how men and women approach and cope with providing care. The current study examined stroke patients and their care providers to assess possible gender differences in the impact of caretaking on caretakers and care recipients. Results indicate no significant difference in patient well-being based on the gender of the caregiver. Some measures indicated that men have advantages as caregivers. Results are discussed with regard to the accuracy and utility of sex-role stereotypes about caregivers. In addition, these data provide potential insight about how to decrease caregiver burden, delay long-term hospitalization of the patient, and increase the quality of life for caretakers and patients.
Collapse
|
17
|
McCann S, Ryan AA, McKenna H. The challenges associated with providing community care for people with complex needs in rural areas: a qualitative investigation. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2005; 13:462-9. [PMID: 16048534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2005.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of recipients and providers of community care in rural areas in Northern Ireland. Additionally, the authors sought to examine the impact of location, housing and environmental factors on the delivery of community care to older people with complex needs. Individual, semistructured interviews were held with service users (n = 17) and family carers (n = 14). Individual and focus group interviews were conducted with care assistants, health and social care professionals, and senior managers from a large health and social care trust and health and social services board in Northern Ireland. The importance of enabling older people to remain in their own homes and communities was emphasised by all participants. The main challenges associated with care provision in rural areas included: difficulties recruiting care assistants; lack of choice of care assistants; isolation; travel and distance between clients and their care assistants; and poor housing conditions. There was a general consensus among participants that the effectiveness of rural community care was perceived to be reliant upon the goodwill of the community. Additionally, changing demographic trends and the predicted shortfall in the number of formal and informal carers were considered key issues for service planners. A number of creative strategies could be used to address many of the limitations associated with rural isolation. These should involve capitalising on available community networks. However, planners should also acknowledge that additional resources are required to maintain older people in rural communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan McCann
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wolff JL, Agree EM. Depression among recipients of informal care: the effects of reciprocity, respect, and adequacy of support. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2004; 59:S173-80. [PMID: 15118023 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/59.3.s173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to examine the relationship of perceived quality of care to depression among recipients of informal long-term care. METHODS Generalized estimating equations were used to generate population-average logistic regression models of prevalent depression, using a sample of 420 disabled community-dwelling women aged 65 or older receiving informal care obtained from the Women's Health and Aging Study Caregiving Survey. RESULTS Findings confirm a substantial prevalence of depression among older women with disabilities and support the hypothesis that perceived reciprocity and respect afforded by one's primary caregiver as well as adequacy of instrumental support all were associated with a lower likelihood of being categorized as depressed, even after controlling for sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial characteristics that are known to be related to depression. DISCUSSION Perceived quality of informal care arrangements has a bearing on the psychological health of care recipients. Individuals in more reciprocal relationships and in relationships where they felt respected and valued were less likely to be depressed than their counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Wolff
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|