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Huynh DC, Nguyen MP, Ngo DT, Nguyen XH, Nguyen DT, Mai TH, Le TH, Hoang MD, Le KL, Nguyen KQ, Nguyen VH, Kelley KW. A comprehensive analysis of the immune system in healthy Vietnamese people. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30647. [PMID: 38765090 PMCID: PMC11101793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle, diet, socioeconomic status and genetics all contribute to heterogeneity in immune responses. Vietnam is plagued with a variety of health problems, but there are no available data on immune system values in the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to establish reference intervals for immune cell parameters specific to the healthy Vietnamese population by utilizing multi-color flow cytometry (MCFC). We provide a comprehensive analysis of total leukocyte count, quantitative and qualitative shifts within lymphocyte subsets, serum and cytokine and chemokine levels and functional attributes of key immune cells including B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and their respective subpopulations. By establishing these reference values for the Vietnamese population, these data contribute significantly to our understanding of the human immune system variations across diverse populations. These data will be of substantial comparative value and be instrumental in developing personalized medical approaches and optimizing diagnostic strategies for individuals based on their unique immune profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith W Kelley
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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2
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Mitsuyama Y, Matsumoto H, Togami Y, Oda S, Onishi S, Yoshimura J, Murtatsu A, Ito H, Ogura H, Okuzaki D, Oda J. T cell dysfunction in elderly ARDS patients based on miRNA and mRNA integration analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368446. [PMID: 38571958 PMCID: PMC10987699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is respiratory failure that commonly occurs in critically ill patients, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and severity are poorly understood. We evaluated mRNA and miRNA in patients with ARDS and elucidated the pathogenesis of ARDS after performing mRNA and miRNA integration analysis. Methods In this single-center, prospective, observational clinical study of patients with ARDS, peripheral blood of each patient was collected within 24 hours of admission. Sequencing of mRNA and miRNA was performed using whole blood from the ARDS patients and healthy donors. Results Thirty-four ARDS patients were compared with 15 healthy donors. Compared with the healthy donors, 1233 mRNAs and 6 miRNAs were upregulated and 1580 mRNAs and 13 miRNAs were downregulated in the ARDS patients. For both mRNA and miRNA-targeted mRNA, canonical pathway analysis showed that programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) cancer immunotherapy pathway was most activated and the Th2 pathway was most suppressed. For mRNA, the Th1 pathway was most suppressed. miR-149-3p and several miRNAs were identified as upstream regulators. Conclusion miRNAs regulated the PD-1 and PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy pathway and Th2 pathway through miRNA interference action of mRNA. Integrated analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs showed that T cells were dysfunctional in ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Mitsuyama
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Togami
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Oda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Onishi
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yoshimura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arisa Murtatsu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Oda
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Jallah BP, Kuypers DRJ. Impact of Immunosenescence in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients: Associated Clinical Outcomes and Possible Risk Stratification for Immunosuppression Reduction. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:219-238. [PMID: 38386164 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-024-01100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The number of older individuals receiving a kidney transplant as replacement therapy has significantly increased in the past decades and this increase is expected to continue. Older patients have a lower rate of acute rejection but an increased incidence of death with a functioning graft. Several factors, including an increased incidence of infections, post-transplant malignancy and cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality, contribute to this increased risk. Notwithstanding, kidney transplantation is still the best form of kidney replacement therapy in all patients with chronic kidney disease, including in older individuals. The best form of immunosuppression and the optimal dose of these medications in older recipients remains a topic of discussion. Pharmacological studies have usually excluded older patients and when included, patients were highly selected and their numbers insignificant to draw a reasonable conclusion. The reduced incidence of acute rejection in older recipients has largely been attributed to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence refers to the aging of the innate and adaptive immunity, accumulating in phenotypic and functional changes. These changes influences the response of the immune system to new challenges. In older individuals, immunosenescence is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens, a decreased response after vaccinations, increased risk of malignancies and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease is associated with premature immunosenescent changes, and these are independent of aging. The immunosenescent state is associated with low-grade sterile inflammation termed inflammaging. This chronic low-grade inflammation triggers a compensatory immunosuppressive state to avoid further tissue damage, leaving older individuals with chronic kidney disease in an immune-impaired state before kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression after transplantation may further enhance progression of this immunosenescent state. This review covers the role of immunosenescence in older kidney transplant recipients and it details present knowledge of the changes in chronic kidney disease and after transplantation. The impact of immunosuppression on the progression and complications of an immunosenescent state are discussed, and the future direction of a possible clinical implementation of immunosenescence to individualize/reduce immunosuppression in older recipients is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borefore P Jallah
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk R J Kuypers
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Soraci L, Corsonello A, Paparazzo E, Montesanto A, Piacenza F, Olivieri F, Gambuzza ME, Savedra EV, Marino S, Lattanzio F, Biscetti L. Neuroinflammaging: A Tight Line Between Normal Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2023.1001. [PMID: 38300639 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging in the healthy brain is characterized by a low-grade, chronic, and sterile inflammatory process known as neuroinflammaging. This condition, mainly consisting in an up-regulation of the inflammatory response at the brain level, contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Development of this proinflammatory state involves the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, able to induce age-related epigenetic modifications. Indeed, the exposure to environmental compounds, drugs, and infections, can contribute to epigenetic modifications of DNA methylome, histone fold proteins, and nucleosome positioning, leading to epigenetic modulation of neuroinflammatory responses. Furthermore, some epigenetic modifiers, which combine and interact during the life course, can contribute to modeling of epigenome dynamics to sustain, or dampen the neuroinflammatory phenotype. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about neuroinflammaging with a particular focus on epigenetic mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of neuroinflammatory cascades in the central nervous system; furthermore, we describe some diagnostic biomarkers that may contribute to increase diagnostic accuracy and help tailor therapeutic strategies in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ersilia Paparazzo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, Italian National Research Center of Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Biscetti
- Section of Neurology, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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5
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Galvez-Cancino F, Simpson AP, Costoya C, Matos I, Qian D, Peggs KS, Litchfield K, Quezada SA. Fcγ receptors and immunomodulatory antibodies in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:51-71. [PMID: 38062252 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of both cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) as negative regulators of antitumour immunity led to the development of numerous immunomodulatory antibodies as cancer treatments. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based therapies depends not only on their ability to block or engage their targets but also on the antibody's constant region (Fc) and its interactions with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Fc-FcγR interactions are essential for the activity of tumour-targeting antibodies, such as rituximab, trastuzumab and cetuximab, where the killing of tumour cells occurs at least in part due to these mechanisms. However, our understanding of these interactions in the context of immunomodulatory antibodies designed to boost antitumour immunity remains less explored. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the contribution of FcγRs to the in vivo activity of immunomodulatory antibodies and the challenges of translating results from preclinical models into the clinic. In addition, we review the impact of genetic variability of human FcγRs on the activity of therapeutic antibodies and how antibody engineering is being utilized to develop the next generation of cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Galvez-Cancino
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexander P Simpson
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Cristobal Costoya
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Matos
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Danwen Qian
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Karl S Peggs
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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Hong KT, Kang YJ, Choi JY, Yun YJ, Chang IM, Shin HY, Kang HJ, Lee WW. Effects of Korean red ginseng on T-cell repopulation after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood cancer patients. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:68-76. [PMID: 38223820 PMCID: PMC10785244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the survival outcomes of childhood cancer patients have improved, childhood cancer survivors suffer from various degrees of immune dysfunction or delayed immune reconstitution. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on T cell recovery in childhood cancer patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) from the perspective of inflammatory and senescent phenotypes. Methods This was a single-arm exploratory trial. The KRG group (n = 15) received KRG powder from month 1 to month 12 post-ASCT. We compared the results of the KRG group with those of the control group (n = 23). The proportions of T cell populations, senescent phenotypes, and cytokine production profiles were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-ASCT using peripheral blood samples. Results All patients in the KRG group completed the treatment without any safety issues and showed a comparable T cell repopulation pattern to that in the control group. In particular, KRG administration influenced the repopulation of CD4+ T cells via T cell expansion and differentiation into effector memory cell re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) cells. Although the KRG group showed an increase in the number of CD4+ EMRA cells, the expression of senescent and exhausted markers in these cells decreased, and the capacity for senescence-related cytokine production in the senescent CD28- subset was ameliorated. Conclusions These findings suggest that KRG promotes the repopulation of CD4+ EMRA T cells and regulates phenotypical and functional senescent changes after ASCT in pediatric patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Taek Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hee Young Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Red Cross, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Aiello A, Aprile S, Calabrò A, Caldarella R, Caruso C, Ciaccio M, Corsale AM, Dieli F, Di Simone M, Giammanco GM, Mascarella C, Akbar AN, Meraviglia S, Candore G. Sicilian semi- and supercentenarians: identification of age-related T-cell immunophenotype to define longevity trait. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:61-78. [PMID: 37395602 PMCID: PMC10711357 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunophenotype of oldest centenarians, i.e. semi- and supercentenarians, could provide important information about their ability to adapt to factors associated with immune changes, including ageing per se and chronic Cytomegalovirus infection. We investigated, by flow cytometry, variations in percentages and absolute numbers of immune cell subsets, focusing on T cells, and pro-inflammatory parameters in a cohort of 28 women and 26 men (age range 19-110 years). We observed variability in hallmarks of immunosenescence related to age and Cytomegalovirus serological status. The eight oldest centenarians showed the lowest percentages of naïve T cells, due to their age, and the highest percentages of T-effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA), according to their cytomegalovirus status, and high levels of serum pro-inflammatory parameters, although their means were lower than that of remaining 90+ donors. Some of them showed CD8 naïve and TEMRA percentages, and exhaustion/pro-inflammatory markers comparable to the younger ones. Our study supports the suggestion that immune ageing, especially of oldest centenarians, exhibits great variability that is not only attributable to a single contributor but should also be the full result of a combination of several factors. Everyone ages differently because he/she is unique in genetics and experience of life and this applies even more to the immune system; everybody has had a different immunological history. Furthermore, our findings on inflammatory markers, TEMRA and CMV seropositivity in centenarians, discussed in the light of the most recent literature, suggest that these changes might be not unfavourable for centenarians, and in particular for the oldest ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Aprile
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Transfusion Medicine, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Agrigento, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Simone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Mascarella
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gericke C, Kirabali T, Flury R, Mallone A, Rickenbach C, Kulic L, Tosevski V, Hock C, Nitsch RM, Treyer V, Ferretti MT, Gietl A. Early β-amyloid accumulation in the brain is associated with peripheral T cell alterations. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5642-5662. [PMID: 37314431 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fast and minimally invasive approaches for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly anticipated. Evidence of adaptive immune cells responding to cerebral β-amyloidosis has raised the question of whether immune markers could be used as proxies for β-amyloid accumulation in the brain. METHODS Here, we apply multidimensional mass-cytometry combined with unbiased machine-learning techniques to immunophenotype peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a total of 251 participants in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. RESULTS We show that increases in antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells in the blood, particularly CD45RA-reactivated T effector memory (TEMRA) cells, are associated with early accumulation of brain β-amyloid and with changes in plasma AD biomarkers in still cognitively healthy subjects. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that preclinical AD pathology is linked to systemic alterations of the adaptive immune system. These immunophenotype changes may help identify and develop novel diagnostic tools for early AD assessment and better understand clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gericke
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tunahan Kirabali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roman Flury
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Mallone
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Rickenbach
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luka Kulic
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vinko Tosevski
- Mass Cytometry Facility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Center for Prevention and Dementia Therapy, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neurimmune AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neurimmune AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Center for Prevention and Dementia Therapy, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Teresa Ferretti
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Women's Brain Project, Guntershausen, Switzerland
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Center for Prevention and Dementia Therapy, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Song Q, Zhou X, Xu K, Liu S, Zhu X, Yang J. The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1416-1435. [PMID: 37619764 PMCID: PMC10721522 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in human physiology is well recognized. As the NAD+ concentration in human skin, blood, liver, muscle, and brain are thought to decrease with age, finding ways to increase NAD+ status could possibly influence the aging process and associated metabolic sequelae. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor for NAD+ biosynthesis, and in vitro/in vivo studies have demonstrated that NMN supplementation increases NAD+ concentration and could mitigate aging-related disorders such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory responses. The promotion of NMN as an antiaging health supplement has gained popularity due to such findings; however, since most studies evaluating the effects of NMN have been conducted in cell or animal models, a concern remains regarding the safety and physiological effects of NMN supplementation in the human population. Nonetheless, a dozen human clinical trials with NMN supplementation are currently underway. This review summarizes the current progress of these trials and NMN/NAD+ biology to clarify the potential effects of NMN supplementation and to shed light on future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The 2(nd) Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sishi Liu
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Core Facility, The 4(th) Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Guo L, Liu X, Su X. The role of TEMRA cell-mediated immune senescence in the development and treatment of HIV disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284293. [PMID: 37901239 PMCID: PMC10602809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has plagued human society for a long time since its discovery, causing a large number of patients to suffer and costing hundreds of millions of medical services every year. Scientists have found that HIV and antiretroviral therapy accelerate immune aging by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and that terminal effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) are crucial in immune aging. This specific subset of effector memory T cells has terminally differentiated properties and exhibits high cytotoxicity and proinflammatory capacity. We therefore explored and described the interplay between exhaustion features, essential markers, functions, and signaling pathways from previous studies on HIV, antiretroviral therapy, immune senescence, and TEMRA cells. Their remarkable antiviral capacity is then highlighted by elucidating phenotypic changes in TEMRA cells during HIV infection, describing changes in TEMRA cells before, during, and after antiretroviral therapy and other drug treatments. Their critical role in complications and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-HIV superinfection is highlighted. These studies demonstrate that TEMRA cells play a key role in the antiviral response and immune senescence during HIV infection. Finally, we review current therapeutic strategies targeting TEMRA cells that may be clinically beneficial, highlight their potential role in HIV-1 vaccine development, and provide perspectives and predictions for related future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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11
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Tserunyan V, Finley SD. A systems and computational biology perspective on advancing CAR therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 94:34-49. [PMID: 37263529 PMCID: PMC10529846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy signaled a new revolutionary approach to cancer treatment. This method seeks to engineer immune cells expressing an artificially designed receptor, which would endue those cells with the ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. While some CAR therapies received FDA approval and others are subject to clinical trials, many aspects of their workings remain elusive. Techniques of systems and computational biology have been frequently employed to explain the operating principles of CAR therapy and suggest further design improvements. In this review, we sought to provide a comprehensive account of those efforts. Specifically, we discuss various computational models of CAR therapy ranging in scale from organismal to molecular. Then, we describe the molecular and functional properties of costimulatory domains frequently incorporated in CAR structure. Finally, we describe the signaling cascades by which those costimulatory domains elicit cellular response against the target. We hope that this comprehensive summary of computational and experimental studies will further motivate the use of systems approaches in advancing CAR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardges Tserunyan
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Zhao Y, Caron C, Chan YY, Lee CK, Xu X, Zhang J, Masubuchi T, Wu C, Bui JD, Hui E. cis-B7:CD28 interactions at invaginated synaptic membranes provide CD28 co-stimulation and promote CD8 + T cell function and anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:1187-1203.e12. [PMID: 37160118 PMCID: PMC10330546 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
B7 ligands (CD80 and CD86), expressed by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), activate the main co-stimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells in trans. However, in peripheral tissues, APCs expressing B7 ligands are relatively scarce. This raises the questions of whether and how CD28 co-stimulation occurs in peripheral tissues. Here, we report that CD8+ T cells displayed B7 ligands that interacted with CD28 in cis at membrane invaginations of the immunological synapse as a result of membrane remodeling driven by phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and sorting-nexin-9 (SNX9). cis-B7:CD28 interactions triggered CD28 signaling through protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) and promoted CD8+ T cell survival, migration, and cytokine production. In mouse tumor models, loss of T cell-intrinsic cis-B7:CD28 interactions decreased intratumoral T cells and accelerated tumor growth. Thus, B7 ligands on CD8+ T cells can evoke cell-autonomous CD28 co-stimulation in cis in peripheral tissues, suggesting cis-signaling as a general mechanism for boosting T cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Christine Caron
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ya-Yuan Chan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takeya Masubuchi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Enfu Hui
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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13
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Rengo C, Valletta A, Liccardo D, Spagnuolo G, Corbi G, De Luca F, Lauria MR, Perrotta A, Rengo G, Ferrara N, Rengo S, Valletta R, Cannavo A. Healthy aging: when periodontal health matters. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2023. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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14
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Lu Y, Ruan Y, Hong P, Rui K, Liu Q, Wang S, Cui D. T-cell senescence: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109202. [PMID: 36470338 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescent T cells are proliferative disabled lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific responses. The development of T-cell senescence in autoimmune diseases contributes to immunological disorders and disease progression. Senescent T cells lack costimulatory markers with the reduction of T cell receptor repertoire and the uptake of natural killer cell receptors. Senescent T cells exert cytotoxic effects through the expression of perforin, granzymes, tumor necrosis factor, and other molecules without the antigen-presenting process. DNA damage accumulation, telomere damage, and limited DNA repair capacity are important features of senescent T cells. Impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of reactive oxygen species contribute to T cell senescence. Alleviation of T-cell senescence could provide potential targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyun Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yongchun Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Pan Hong
- Department of Hematology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Jantz-Naeem N, Böttcher-Loschinski R, Borucki K, Mitchell-Flack M, Böttcher M, Schraven B, Mougiakakos D, Kahlfuss S. TIGIT signaling and its influence on T cell metabolism and immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1060112. [PMID: 36874131 PMCID: PMC9982004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges for successful cancer therapy is the capacity of tumors to evade immune surveillance. Tumor immune evasion can be accomplished through the induction of T cell exhaustion via the activation of various immune checkpoint molecules. The most prominent examples of immune checkpoints are PD-1 and CTLA-4. Meanwhile, several other immune checkpoint molecules have since been identified. One of these is the T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), which was first described in 2009. Interestingly, many studies have established a synergistic reciprocity between TIGIT and PD-1. TIGIT has also been described to interfere with the energy metabolism of T cells and thereby affect adaptive anti-tumor immunity. In this context, recent studies have reported a link between TIGIT and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α), a master transcription factor sensing hypoxia in several tissues including tumors that among others regulates the expression of metabolically relevant genes. Furthermore, distinct cancer types were shown to inhibit glucose uptake and effector function by inducing TIGIT expression in CD8+ T cells, resulting in an impaired anti-tumor immunity. In addition, TIGIT was associated with adenosine receptor signaling in T cells and the kynurenine pathway in tumor cells, both altering the tumor microenvironment and T cell-mediated immunity against tumors. Here, we review the most recent literature on the reciprocal interaction of TIGIT and T cell metabolism and specifically how TIGIT affects anti-tumor immunity. We believe understanding this interaction may pave the way for improved immunotherapy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouria Jantz-Naeem
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Romy Böttcher-Loschinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marisa Mitchell-Flack
- Department of Oncology, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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16
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Kim KH, Pyo H, Lee H, Oh D, Noh JM, Ahn YC, Kim CG, Yoon HI, Lee J, Park S, Jung HA, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Ku BM, Shin EC, Ahn MJ. Association of T Cell Senescence with Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:464-475. [PMID: 35896144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations between immunosenescence and radiation pneumonitis (RP) are largely unknown. We aimed to identify a peripheral blood T cell senescence biomarker to predict RP in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with locally advanced NSCLC who received definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) were prospectively registered (cohort 1, n=23; cohort 2, n=31). Peripheral blood was collected at baseline, during dCRT, and at 1 month post-dCRT. Patients were dichotomized to grade ≥2 (G2+) RP and grade 0-1 (G0-1) RP. Flow cytometry was performed to assess phenotypes and functional properties of T cell subsets. RP incidence was estimated via competing risk analysis. RESULTS Five and six patients exhibited G2+ RP following dCRT in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Patients with G2+ RP exhibited a more aged T cell pool and higher frequencies of senescent CD57+CD28-CD8+ T cells than patients with G0-1 RP at baseline, during dCRT, and at 1 month post-dCRT. These senescent cells exhibited increased granzyme B, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production. Higher baseline frequency of CD57+CD28-CD8+ T cells was an independent predictor of G2+ RP (hazard ratio, 8.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.58-27.45; P<0.001). Recursive partitioning analysis revealed three distinct risk groups stratified by baseline CD57+CD28-CD8+ T cell frequency and lung V20 Gy, with 1-year cumulative G2+ RP incidences of 50.0%, 16.7%, and 0% for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Higher baseline frequencies of CD57+CD28-CD8+ T cells correlated with increased G2+ RP risks. Our results suggest the need for further investigation of the role of T cell senescence on radiation-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongryull Pyo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryul Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ku
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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Han S, Georgiev P, Ringel AE, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. Age-associated remodeling of T cell immunity and metabolism. Cell Metab 2023; 35:36-55. [PMID: 36473467 PMCID: PMC10799654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in remodeling of T cell immunity and is associated with poor clinical outcomes in age-related diseases such as cancer. Among the hallmarks of aging, changes in host and cellular metabolism critically affect the development, maintenance, and function of T cells. Although metabolic perturbations impact anti-tumor T cell responses, the link between age-associated metabolic dysfunction and anti-tumor immunity remains unclear. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of aged T cell metabolism, with a focus on the bioenergetic and immunologic features of T cell subsets unique to the aging process. We also survey insights into mechanisms of metabolic T cell dysfunction in aging and discuss the impacts of aging on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. As the average life expectancy continues to increase, understanding the interplay between age-related metabolic reprogramming and maladaptive T cell immunity will be instrumental for the development of therapeutic strategies for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeongJun Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Georgiev
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison E Ringel
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Lu L, Li X, Liu X, Qiu Z, Han Y, Song X, Li Y, Li X, Cao W, Lv W, Dou Z, Li T. The pattern and magnitude of T cell subsets reconstitution during ten years of ART with viral suppression in HIV-infected patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9647-9667. [PMID: 36490352 PMCID: PMC9792206 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of immune reconstitution in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with controlled viral load has been controversial. We studied the extent and speed of T cell subsets retrieval after long-term antiretroviral treatment. METHODS 662 HIV-infected patients followed at least 2 years whose plasma HIV-1 RNA load <50 copies/mL were evaluated for longitudinal and functional phenotypic indices of immune restoration. Determinants of change in magnitude and importance of recovery have been evaluated using mixed linear regression models. RESULTS Almost all robust immune restorations achieved occurred after 2-3 years of ART. The median CD4 lymphocyte count increased 449 cells/μl (IQR 303-604) from 226 cells/μl (IQR 83-336) at baseline during the third year (P < 0.001); CD4+T lymphocyte rises during the sixth and tenth years were not significant. Naive and memory CD4+T cells'reconstitution occurred in the sixth and eighth years of ART but no significant change thereafter. The change of CD45RA+Naïve and CD45RA-memory CD4+T cell reconstitution is different in baseline CD4+T cell counts <100 cells/μl group and in baseline CD4+T cell counts >100 cells/μl group. Activation antigen expression (CD38 or HLA-DR) on CD8 lymphocytes declined mostly during the first till second year, and after 4 years, activation antigen expression on patient lymphocytes showed no significant change. The proportion of CD4 cells expressing CD28 climbed during the first years and reached normal levels in the second year. CONCLUSIONS Immune restoration was dependent on the capacity of immune system during the first 2-3 year of ART. But the significant change of CD4 and compartments of CD4+T cells could persist until 6-8 years. The pattern of CD38+CD8+, HLA-DR+CD8+, CD28+CD4+ T cells could quickly return to normal level and no significant change after sufficient time of ART. In general, the immune response compared to the baseline status may be the overall effect from the age and time of antiretroviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Dou
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Lee GH, Lee JY, Jang J, Kang YJ, Choi SA, Kim HC, Park S, Kim MS, Lee W. Anti‐thymocyte globulin‐mediated immunosenescent alterations of T cells in kidney transplant patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1431. [PMCID: PMC9686013 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Kidney transplant (KT) is the most effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease. The immunosuppressant anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been applied for induction therapy to reduce the risk of acute transplant rejection for patients at high immunological risk. Despite its putative role in replicative stress during immune reconstitution, the effects of ATG on T‐cell immunosenescent changes remain to be understood. Methods Phenotypic and functional features of senescent T cells were examined by flow cytometry in 116 healthy controls (HC) and 95 KT patients for comparative analysis according to ATG treatment and CMV reactivation. The TCR repertoire was analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of KT patients. Results T cells of KT patients treated with ATG (ATG+) show typical immunosenescent features, accumulation of CD28−, CD85j+ or CD57+ T cells, and imbalance of functional T‐cell subsets, compared with untreated KT patients (ATG−). Plasma IL‐15 and CMV‐IgG levels were higher in KT patients than in HCs, and the IL‐15 level positively correlated with the frequency of CD28− T cells in KT patients. ATG+ patients had a higher prevalence of CMV reactivation, which is associated with an increased frequency of CD28− T cells. As a result, ATG+ patients had expanded CMV‐specific T cells and decreased TCR diversity. However, proliferation, cytokine‐producing capacity and polyfunctionality of T cells were preserved in ATG+ patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ATG treatment contributes to the accumulation of senescent T cells, which may have lifelong clinical implications in KT patients. Thus, these patients require long‐term and comprehensive immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hye Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Department of SurgeryKangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular HospitalYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of SurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Won‐Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, and Institute of Infectious DiseasesSeoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research InstituteSeoulSouth Korea
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20
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Singh B, Kumar Rai A. Loss of immune regulation in aged T-cells: A metabolic review to show lack of ability to control responses within the self. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:808-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Radziszewska A, Moulder Z, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. CD8 + T Cell Phenotype and Function in Childhood and Adult-Onset Connective Tissue Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11431. [PMID: 36232733 PMCID: PMC9569696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that destroy pathogen infected and malignant cells through release of cytolytic molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. Although the role of CD8+ T cells in connective tissue diseases (CTDs) has not been explored as thoroughly as that of other immune cells, research focusing on this key component of the immune system has recently gained momentum. Aberrations in cytotoxic cell function may have implications in triggering autoimmunity and may promote tissue damage leading to exacerbation of disease. In this comprehensive review of current literature, we examine the role of CD8+ T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, and dermatomyositis with specific focus on comparing what is known about CD8+ T cell peripheral blood phenotypes, CD8+ T cell function, and CD8+ T cell organ-specific profiles in adult and juvenile forms of these disorders. Although, the precise role of CD8+ T cells in the initiation of autoimmunity and disease progression remains to be elucidated, increasing evidence indicates that CD8+ T cells are emerging as an attractive target for therapy in CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Zachary Moulder
- University College London Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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22
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Matsubara S, Suzuki S, Komori T. Immunohistochemical Phenotype of T Cells Invading Muscle in Inclusion Body Myositis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:825-835. [PMID: 35920309 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory myopathy of aged people with poor response to therapy. To characterize muscle-invading inflammatory cells, we performed immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on muscle biopsies from 10 patients with IBM with durations of illness from 3 to 84 months. At the surface of muscle fibers, 79% and 48% of CD8+ cells were positive for killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1 (KLRG1) and CD57, respectively. CD8+KLRG1+ cells are highly differentiated cytotoxic cells. On an average, 27% of CD8-CD57+KLRG1+ cells at the surface were CD4+. Proportions of CD28+ cells among KLRG1+ cells showed a negative correlation with duration of illness (r = -0.68). These changes indicated progressive differentiation of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, PD-1 expression on CD57+ and CD8+ cells increased early, then fluctuated, and reincreased in later stages. PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 were expressed on adjacent cells including muscle fibers. T cell large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) are potent effector cells and cells with ultrastructure indistinguishable from LGLs were seen in the sarcoplasm along with lymphocytes undergoing degeneration. Together, along the course of IBM, some inflammatory cells retained the potential for cytotoxicity whereas others indicated suppression by exhaustion, senescence, or through the PD-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Matsubara
- From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Laboratory Medicine, Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Zuroff L, Rezk A, Shinoda K, Espinoza DA, Elyahu Y, Zhang B, Chen AA, Shinohara RT, Jacobs D, Alcalay RN, Tropea TF, Chen-Plotkin A, Monsonego A, Li R, Bar-Or A. Immune aging in multiple sclerosis is characterized by abnormal CD4 T cell activation and increased frequencies of cytotoxic CD4 T cells with advancing age. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104179. [PMID: 35868128 PMCID: PMC9305354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosenescence (ISC) describes age-related changes in immune-system composition and function. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong inflammatory condition involving effector and regulatory T-cell imbalance, yet little is known about T-cell ISC in MS. We examined age-associated changes in circulating T cells in MS compared to normal controls (NC). METHODS Forty untreated MS (Mean Age 43·3, Range 18-72) and 49 NC (Mean Age 48·6, Range 20-84) without inflammatory conditions were included in cross-sectional design. T-cell subsets were phenotypically and functionally characterized using validated multiparametric flow cytometry. Their aging trajectories, and differences between MS and NC, were determined using linear mixed-effects models. FINDINGS MS patients demonstrated early and persistent redistribution of naïve and memory CD4 T-cell compartments. While most CD4 and CD8 T-cell aging trajectories were similar between groups, MS patients exhibited abnormal age-associated increases of activated (HLA-DR+CD38+; (P = 0·013) and cytotoxic CD4 T cells, particularly in patients >60 (EOMES: P < 0·001). Aging MS patients also failed to upregulate CTLA-4 expression on both CD4 (P = 0·014) and CD8 (P = 0·009) T cells, coupled with abnormal age-associated increases in frequencies of B cells expressing costimulatory molecules. INTERPRETATION While many aspects of T-cell aging in MS are conserved, the older MS patients harbour abnormally increased frequencies of CD4 T cells with activated and cytotoxic effector profiles. Age-related decreased expression of T-cell co-inhibitory receptor CTLA-4, and increased B-cell costimulatory molecule expression, may provide a mechanism that drives aberrant activation of effector CD4 T cells that have been implicated in progressive disease. FUNDING Stated in Acknowledgements section of manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Zuroff
- The Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ayman Rezk
- The Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Koji Shinoda
- The Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Diego A Espinoza
- The Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yehezqel Elyahu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center; and National Institute for Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Andrew A Chen
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dina Jacobs
- The Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Center for Movement Disorders, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423914, Israel
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology, Perelman school of medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman school of medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center; and National Institute for Biotechnology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Rui Li
- The Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- The Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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24
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Lázničková P, Bendíčková K, Kepák T, Frič J. Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:708788. [PMID: 35822014 PMCID: PMC9261368 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.708788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has grown rapidly in recent decades. Although cured of their original malignancy, these individuals are at increased risk of serious late effects, including age-associated complications. An impaired immune system has been linked to the emergence of these conditions in the elderly and CCS, likely due to senescent immune cell phenotypes accompanied by low-grade inflammation, which in the elderly is known as "inflammaging." Whether these observations in the elderly and CCS are underpinned by similar mechanisms is unclear. If so, existing knowledge on immunosenescent phenotypes and inflammaging might potentially serve to benefit CCS. We summarize recent findings on the immune changes in CCS and the elderly, and highlight the similarities and identify areas for future research. Improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and immunosenescent markers of accelerated immune aging might help us to identify individuals at increased risk of serious health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lázničková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Bendíčková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kepák
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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van Olst L, Coenen L, Nieuwland JM, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, de Wit NM, Kamermans A, Middeldorp J, de Vries HE. Crossing borders in Alzheimer's disease: A T cell's perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114398. [PMID: 35780907 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting millions of people worldwide. While different immunotherapies are imminent, currently only disease-modifying medications are available and a cure is lacking. Over the past decade, immunological interfaces of the central nervous system (CNS) and their role in neurodegenerative diseases received increasing attention. Specifically, emerging evidence shows that subsets of circulating CD8+ T cells cross the brain barriers and associate with AD pathology. To gain more insight into how the adaptive immune system is involved in disease pathogenesis, we here provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of T cells to AD pathology, incorporating changes at the brain barriers. In addition, we review studies that provide translation of these findings by targeting T cells to combat AD pathology and cognitive decline. Importantly, these data show that immunological changes in AD are not confined to the CNS and that AD-associated systemic immune changes appear to affect brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Olst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Coenen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - J M Nieuwland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - C Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N M de Wit
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Middeldorp
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - H E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Al Saedi A, Kirk B, Iuliano S, Zanker J, Vogrin S, Jayaram L, Thomas S, Golding C, Navarro-Perez D, Marusic P, Leng S, Nanan R, Duque G. Effects of 3 months of multi-nutrient supplementation on the immune system and muscle and respiratory function of older adults in aged care (The Pomerium Study): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059075. [PMID: 35523505 PMCID: PMC9082724 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosenescence leads to increased morbidity and mortality associated with viral infections and weaker vaccine responses. This has been well documented for seasonal influenza and the current pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which disproportionately impact older adults, particularly those in residential aged care facilities. Inadequate nutrient intakes associated with impaired immunity, respiratory and muscle function are likely to augment the effects of immunosenescence. In this study, we test whether the impact of inadequate nutrition can be reversed using multi-nutrient supplementation, consequently enhancing vaccine responses, reducing the risk of viral infections and improving respiratory and muscle function. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Pomerium Study is a 3-month, single-blind, randomised, controlled trial testing the effects of two daily servings of an oral multi-nutrient supplement (330 kcal, 20 g protein, 1.5 g calcium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate monohydrate (CaHMB), 449 mg calcium, 500 IU vitamin D3 and 25 vitamins and minerals) on the immune system and muscle and respiratory function of older adults in aged care in Melbourne, Australia. 160 older adults (≥75 years old) will be recruited from aged care facilities and randomised to treatment (multi-nutrient supplement) or control (usual care). The primary outcome is a change in T-cell subsets CD8 + and CD28null counts at months 1 and 3. Secondary outcomes measured at baseline and month 3 are multiple markers of immunosenescence (also at 1 month), body composition (bioimpedance), handgrip strength (dynamometer), physical function (short physical performance battery), respiratory function (spirometry) and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Incidence and complications of COVID-19 and/or viral infections (ie, hospitalisation, complications or death) will be recorded throughout the trial, including 3 months after supplementation is ceased. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by Melbourne Health Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref No. HREC/73985/MH-2021, ERM Ref No. RMH73985, Melbourne Health Site Ref No. 2021.115). Written informed consent will be obtained from participants. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made available to key aged care stakeholders, including providers, residents, and government bodies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621000420842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Kirk
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Iuliano
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse Zanker
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lata Jayaram
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane Thomas
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Golding
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Navarro-Perez
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Petra Marusic
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean Leng
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Immune Remodeling, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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27
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CD8 + T Cell Senescence: Lights and Shadows in Viral Infections, Autoimmune Disorders and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063374. [PMID: 35328795 PMCID: PMC8955595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous class of cells that play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response against pathogens and cancer. During their lifetime, they acquire cytotoxic functions to ensure the clearance of infected or transformed cells and, in addition, they turn into memory lymphocytes, thus providing a long-term protection. During ageing, the thymic involution causes a reduction of circulating T cells and an enrichment of memory cells, partially explaining the lowering of the response towards novel antigens with implications in vaccine efficacy. Moreover, the persistent stimulation by several antigens throughout life favors the switching of CD8+ T cells towards a senescent phenotype contributing to a low-grade inflammation that is a major component of several ageing-related diseases. In genetically predisposed young people, an immunological stress caused by viral infections (e.g., HIV, CMV, SARS-CoV-2), autoimmune disorders or tumor microenvironment (TME) could mimic the ageing status with the consequent acceleration of T cell senescence. This, in turn, exacerbates the inflamed conditions with dramatic effects on the clinical progression of the disease. A better characterization of the phenotype as well as the functions of senescent CD8+ T cells can be pivotal to prevent age-related diseases, to improve vaccine strategies and, possibly, immunotherapies in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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28
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Rodés B, Cadiñanos J, Esteban-Cantos A, Rodríguez-Centeno J, Arribas JR. Ageing with HIV: Challenges and biomarkers. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103896. [PMID: 35228014 PMCID: PMC8889090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiretroviral treatment (ART) developed to control HIV infection led to a revolution in the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLWH). PLWH underwent from suffering severe disease and often fatal complications at young ages to having a chronic condition and a life expectancy close to the general population. Nevertheless, chronic age-related diseases increase as PLWH age. The harmful effect of HIV infection on the individual's immune system adds to its deterioration during ageing, exacerbating comorbidities. In addition, PLWH are more exposed to risk factors affecting ageing, such as coinfections or harmful lifestyles. The ART initiation reverses the biological ageing process but only partially, and additionally can have some toxicities that influence ageing. Observational studies suggest premature ageing in PLWH. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the early prediction of unhealthy ageing through validated biomarkers, easy to implement in HIV-clinical settings. The most promising biomarkers are second-generation epigenetic clocks and integrative algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Rodés
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julen Cadiñanos
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Esteban-Cantos
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Centeno
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Arribas
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Nonhuman primates are critically important animal models in which to study complex human diseases, understand biological functions, and address the safety of new diagnostics and therapies proposed for human use. They have genetic, physiologic, immunologic, and developmental similarities when compared to humans and therefore provide important preclinical models of human health and disease. This review highlights select research areas that demonstrate the importance of nonhuman primates in translational research. These include pregnancy and developmental disorders, infectious diseases, gene therapy, somatic cell genome editing, and applications of in vivo imaging. The power of the immune system and our increasing understanding of the role it plays in acute and chronic illnesses are being leveraged to produce new treatments for a range of medical conditions. Given the importance of the human immune system in health and disease, detailed study of the immune system of nonhuman primates is essential to advance preclinical translational research. The need for nonhuman primates continues to remain a high priority, which has been acutely evident during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic. Nonhuman primates will continue to address key questions and provide predictive models to identify the safety and efficiency of new diagnostics and therapies for human use across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
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30
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Hu C, Zhang X, Teng T, Ma ZG, Tang QZ. Cellular Senescence in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Aging Dis 2022; 13:103-128. [PMID: 35111365 PMCID: PMC8782554 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of death around the world. Recently, cellular senescence has received potential attention as a promising target in preventing cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cardiac aging, pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, heart regeneration, hypertension, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and describe the involvement of senescent cardiovascular cells (including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and T cells) in age-related cardiovascular diseases. Then, we highlight the targets (SIRT1 and mTOR) that regulating cellular senescence in cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, we review the evidence that senescent cells can exert both beneficial and detrimental implications in cardiovascular diseases on a context-dependent manner. Finally, we summarize the emerging pro-senescent or anti-senescent interventions and discuss their therapeutic potential in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
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Gámez-García A, Vazquez BN. Nuclear Sirtuins and the Aging of the Immune System. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1856. [PMID: 34946805 PMCID: PMC8701065 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system undergoes major changes with age that result in altered immune populations, persistent inflammation, and a reduced ability to mount effective immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. Aging-associated changes in the immune system are connected to other age-related diseases, suggesting that immune system rejuvenation may provide a feasible route to improving overall health in the elderly. The Sir2 family of proteins, also called sirtuins, have been broadly implicated in genome homeostasis, cellular metabolism, and aging. Sirtuins are key responders to cellular and environmental stress and, in the case of the nuclear sirtuins, they do so by directing responses to chromatin that include gene expression regulation, retrotransposon repression, enhanced DNA damage repair, and faithful chromosome segregation. In the immune system, sirtuins instruct cellular differentiation from hematopoietic precursors and promote leukocyte polarization and activation. In hematopoietic stem cells, sirtuins safeguard quiescence and stemness to prevent cellular exhaustion. Regulation of cytokine production, which, in many cases, requires NF-κB regulation, is the best-characterized mechanism by which sirtuins control innate immune reactivity. In adaptive immunity, sirtuins promote T cell subset differentiation by controlling master regulators, thereby ensuring an optimal balance of helper (Th) T cell-dependent responses. Sirtuins are very important for immune regulation, but the means by which they regulate immunosenescence are not well understood. This review provides an integrative overview of the changes associated with immune system aging and its potential relationship with the roles of nuclear sirtuins in immune cells and overall organismal aging. Given the anti-aging properties of sirtuins, understanding how they contribute to immune responses is of vital importance and may help us develop novel strategies to improve immune performance in the aging organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gámez-García
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Berta N. Vazquez
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Unitat de Citologia i d’Histologia, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Pickering H, Sen S, Arakawa-Hoyt J, Ishiyama K, Sun Y, Parmar R, Ahn RS, Sunga G, Llamas M, Hoffmann A, Deng M, Bunnapradist S, Schaenman JM, Gjertson DW, Rossetti M, Lanier LL, Reed EF. NK and CD8+ T cell phenotypes predict onset and control of CMV viremia after kidney transplant. JCI Insight 2021; 6:153175. [PMID: 34609965 PMCID: PMC8663544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CMV causes mostly asymptomatic but lifelong infection. Primary infection or reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can be life-threatening. CMV viremia often occurs in solid organ transplant recipients and associates with decreased graft survival and higher mortality. Furthering understanding of impaired immunity that allows CMV reactivation is critical to guiding antiviral therapy and examining the effect of CMV on solid organ transplant outcomes. This study characterized longitudinal immune responses to CMV in 31 kidney transplant recipients with CMV viremia and matched, nonviremic recipients. Recipients were sampled 3 and 12 months after transplant, with additional samples 1 week and 1 month after viremia. PBMCs were stained for NK and T cell markers. PBMC transcriptomes were characterized by RNA-Seq. Plasma proteins were quantified by Luminex. CD8+ T cell transcriptomes were characterized by single-cell RNA-Seq. Before viremia, patients had high levels of IL-15 with concurrent expansion of immature CD56bright NK cells. After viremia, mature CD56dim NK cells and CD28–CD8+ T cells upregulating inhibitory and NK-associated receptors were expanded. Memory NK cells and NK-like CD28–CD8+ T cells were associated with control of viremia. These findings suggest that signatures of innate activation may be prognostic for CMV reactivation after transplant, while CD8+ T cell functionality is critical for effective control of CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Pickering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Subha Sen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janice Arakawa-Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajesh Parmar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard S Ahn
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, and
| | - Gemalene Sunga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Megan Llamas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, and.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mario Deng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suphamai Bunnapradist
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanna M Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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33
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Santoro A, Bientinesi E, Monti D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101422. [PMID: 34391943 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects both natural and acquired immunity and plays a critical role in most chronic diseases in older people. For a long time, immunosenescence has been considered detrimental because it may lead to a low-grade, sterile chronic inflammation we proposed to call "inflammaging" and a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations. Recently, many scientists revised this negative meaning because it can be considered an essential adaptation/remodeling resulting from the lifelong immunological biography of single individuals from an evolutionary perspective. Inflammaging can be considered an adaptive process because it can trigger an anti-inflammatory response to counteract the age-related pro-inflammatory environment. Centenarians represent a valuable model to study the beneficial changes occurring in the IS with age. These extraordinary individuals reached the extreme limits of human life by slowing down the aging process and, in most cases, delaying, avoiding or surviving the major age-associated diseases. They indeed show a complex and heterogeneous phenotype determined by an improved ability to adapt and remodel in response to harmful stimuli. This review aims to point out the intimate relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and how these processes impact unsuccessful aging rather than longevity. We also describe the gut microbiota age-related changes as one of the significant triggers of inflammaging and the sex/gender differences in the immune system of the elderly, contributing to the sex/gender disparity in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and severity of age-related diseases. Finally, we discuss how these phenomena could influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
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34
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Ceeraz S, Thompson CR, Beatson R, Choy EH. Harnessing CD8 +CD28 - Regulatory T Cells as a Tool to Treat Autoimmune Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112973. [PMID: 34831195 PMCID: PMC8616472 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory cell therapy presents a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with autoimmune diseases or who are undergoing transplantation. At present, the CD4+ Treg population has been extensively characterized, as a result of defined phenotypic and functional readouts. In this review article, we discuss the development and biology of CD8+ Tregs and their role in murine and human disease indications. A subset of CD8+ Tregs that lack the surface expression of CD28 (CD8+CD28− Treg) has proved efficacious in preclinical models. CD8+CD28− Tregs are present in healthy individuals, but their impaired functionality in disease renders them less effective in mediating immunosuppression. We primarily focus on harnessing CD8+ Treg cell therapy in the clinic to support current treatment for patients with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Beatson
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Ernest H. Choy
- CREATE Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)29-2068-7092
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Abstract
Inflammaging is associated with chronic diseases, but tissue-specific changes in the immune system remain unknown. In this issue of Immunity, Mogilenko et al. use single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and mass cytometry to describe age-related differences, including the accumulation of age-associated T cells that contribute to inflammaging.
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36
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Arsenović-Ranin N, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Sex-specific remodeling of T-cell compartment with aging: Implications for rat susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:42-59. [PMID: 34418487 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and susceptibility of animals to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model of MS, decrease with aging. Generally, autoimmune diseases develop as the ultimate outcome of an imbalance between damaging immune responses against self and regulatory immune responses (keeping the former under control). Thus, in this review the age-related changes possibly underlying this balance were discussed. Specifically, considering the central role of T cells in MS/EAE, the impact of aging on overall functional capacity (reflecting both overall count and individual functional cell properties) of self-reactive conventional T cells (Tcons) and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), as the most potent immunoregulatory/suppressive cells, was analyzed, as well. The analysis encompasses three distinct compartments: thymus (the primary lymphoid organ responsible for the elimination of self-reactive T cells - negative selection and the generation of Tregs, compensating for imperfections of the negative selection), peripheral blood/lymphoid tissues ("afferent" compartment), and brain/spinal cord tissues ("target" compartment). Given that the incidence of MS and susceptibility of animals to EAE are greater in women/females than in age-matched men/males, sex as independent variable was also considered. In conclusion, with aging, sex-specific alterations in the balance of self-reactive Tcons/Tregs are likely to occur not only in the thymus/"afferent" compartment, but also in the "target" compartment, reflecting multifaceted changes in both T-cell types. Their in depth understanding is important not only for envisaging effects of aging, but also for designing interventions to slow-down aging without any adverse effect on incidence of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, University of Belgrade - Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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37
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Shields BE, Perelygina L, Samimi S, Haun P, Leung T, Abernathy E, Chen MH, Hao L, Icenogle J, Drolet B, Wilson B, Bryer JS, England R, Blumberg E, Wanat KA, Sullivan K, Rosenbach M. Granulomatous Dermatitis Associated With Rubella Virus Infection in an Adult With Immunodeficiency. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:842-847. [PMID: 34037685 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Immunodeficiency-related, vaccine-derived rubella virus (RuV) as an antigenic trigger of cutaneous and visceral granulomas is a rare, recently described phenomenon in children and young adults treated with immunosuppressant agents. Objective To perform a comprehensive clinical, histologic, immunologic, molecular, and genomic evaluation to elucidate the potential cause of an adult patient's atypical cutaneous granulomas. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective evaluation of skin biopsies, nasopharyngeal swabs, and serum samples submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was conducted to assess for RuV using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral genomic sequencing. The samples were obtained from a man in his 70s with extensive cutaneous granulomas mimicking both cutaneous sarcoidosis (clinically) and CD8+ granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (histopathologically). The study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification and genotyping of a novel immunodeficiency-related RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis. Results Immunohistochemistry for RuV capsid protein and RT-PCR testing for RuV RNA revealed RuV in 4 discrete skin biopsies from different body sites. In addition, RuV RNA was detected in the patient's nasopharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR. The full viral genome was sequenced from the patient's skin biopsy (RVs/Philadelphia.PA.USA/46.19/GR, GenBank Accession #MT249313). The patient was ultimately diagnosed with a novel RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that clinicians and pathologists may consider RuV-associated granulomatous dermatitis during evaluation of a patient because it might have implications for the diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis, with RuV serving as a potential antigenic trigger, and for the diagnosis of granulomatous cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with histopathologic features that may prompt an evaluation for immunodeficiency and/or RuV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E Shields
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Assistant Section Editor, JAMA Dermatology
| | - Ludmila Perelygina
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sara Samimi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Paul Haun
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Thomas Leung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Emily Abernathy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min-Hsin Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - LiJuan Hao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph Icenogle
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beth Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Barbara Wilson
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Joshua S Bryer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Ross England
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Emily Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Karolyn A Wanat
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Section Editor, JAMA Dermatology
| | - Kathleen Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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38
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Sulicka-Grodzicka J, Surdacki A, Seweryn M, Mikołajczyk T, Rewiuk K, Guzik T, Grodzicki T. Low-grade chronic inflammation and immune alterations in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors: A contribution to accelerated aging? Cancer Med 2021; 10:1772-1782. [PMID: 33605556 PMCID: PMC7940211 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long‐term consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy result in a high prevalence and early onset of age‐related chronic diseases in survivors. We aimed to examine whether childhood and adolescent cancer survivors (CS) demonstrate biomarkers of accelerated aging. Methods We evaluated 50 young adult CS at 11 [8–15] years after cancer diagnosis, and 30 healthy, age and sex‐matched controls, who were unexposed to cancer therapy. Using a machine‐learning approach, we assessed factors discriminating CS from controls and compared selected biomarkers and lymphocyte subpopulations with data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohort and the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Results Survivors compared with controls had higher levels of C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen. The surface expression of CD38 on T cells was increased, and there was an increase in the percentage of memory T cells in survivors, compared with the unexposed group. The relationships between above cell subpopulations and age were consistent in CS, FHS, and GTEx cohorts, but not in controls. Conclusions Young pediatric cancer survivors differ from age‐related controls in terms of activation of the adaptive immune system and chronic, low‐grade inflammation. These changes resemble aging phenotype observed in older population. Further research in biomarkers of aging in young, adult childhood cancer survivors is warranted, as it may facilitate screening and prevention of comorbidities in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Surdacki
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Seweryn
- Center for Medical Genomics, OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tomasz Mikołajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rewiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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39
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Lioulios G, Fylaktou A, Papagianni A, Stangou M. T cell markers recount the course of immunosenescence in healthy individuals and chronic kidney disease. Clin Immunol 2021; 225:108685. [PMID: 33549833 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in substantial changes in almost all cellular subpopulations within the immune system, including functional and phenotypic alterations. T lymphocytes, as the main representative population of cellular immunity, have been extensively studied in terms of modifications and adjustments during aging. Phenotypic alterations are attributed to three main mechanisms; a reduction of naïve T cell population with a shift to more differentiated forms, a subsequent oligoclonal expansion of naïve T cells characterized by repertoire restriction, and replicative insufficiency after repetitive activation. These changes and the subsequent phenotypic disorders are comprised in the term "immunosenescence". Similar changes seem to occur in chronic kidney disease, with T cells of young patients resembling those of healthy older individuals. A broad range of surface markers can be utilized to identify immunosenescent T cells. In this review, we will discuss the most important senescence markers and their potential connection with impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Lioulios
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- Department of Immunology, National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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40
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Heinbokel T, Quante M, Iske J, Nian Y, Maenosono R, Minami K, Liu Y, Azuma H, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. CTLA4-Ig prolongs graft survival specifically in young but not old mice. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:488-502. [PMID: 32717114 PMCID: PMC7855762 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Elderly organ transplant recipients have remained underrepresented in clinical trials, despite representing a rapidly growing population. Here, we assessed age-specific effects of CTLA4-Ig (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-Ig), a fusion protein blocking costimulatory signaling between antigen-presenting cells and T cells through CD28. Cardiac allografts in young mice (2-3 months) treated with CTLA4-Ig survived indefinitely, whereas 80% of old recipients (18 months) had lost their graft after 100 days. CTLA4-Ig was also significantly less effective in older recipients of skin transplants. CTLA4-Ig reduced CD4+ central memory and effector memory T cells and diminished systemic interferon-gamma levels only in young recipients. These differences corresponded to a reduced expression of CD28 on antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells in old mice. In support, adoptive transfer of old CD4+ T cells that were transfected with a lentiviral vector inducing constant expression of CD28 accelerated the rejection of allogeneic skin grafts in young RAG2-/- recipient mice. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), in contrast, demonstrated an increased expression of CD28 with aging and CTLA4-Ig treatment in old recipients resulted in reduced frequencies, compromised proliferation, and diminished suppressive capacity of Tregs. These findings may prove to have unique clinical consequences for immunosuppression in the growing population of elderly transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Heinbokel
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Nephrology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Quante
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jasper Iske
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ryoichi Maenosono
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Minami
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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41
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Rocamora-Reverte L, Melzer FL, Würzner R, Weinberger B. The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging. Front Immunol 2021; 11:616949. [PMID: 33584708 PMCID: PMC7873351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a tightly regulated network which allows the development of defense mechanisms against foreign antigens and tolerance toward self-antigens. Regulatory T cells (Treg) contribute to immune homeostasis by maintaining unresponsiveness to self-antigens and suppressing exaggerated immune responses. Dysregulation of any of these processes can lead to serious consequences. Classically, Treg cell functions have been described in CD4+ T cells, but other immune cells also harbour the capacity to modulate immune responses. Regulatory functions have been described for different CD8+ T cell subsets, as well as other T cells such as γδT cells or NKT cells. In this review we describe the diverse populations of Treg cells and their role in different scenarios. Special attention is paid to the aging process, which is characterized by an altered composition of immune cells. Treg cells can contribute to the development of various age-related diseases but they are poorly characterized in aged individuals. The huge diversity of cells that display immune modulatory functions and the lack of universal markers to identify Treg make the expanding field of Treg research complex and challenging. There are still many open questions that need to be answered to solve the enigma of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franz Leonard Melzer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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42
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Mazidi M, Shekoohi N, Katsiki N, Rakowski M, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Serum anti-inflammatory and inflammatory markers have no causal impact on telomere length: a Mendelian randomization study. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:739-751. [PMID: 34025845 PMCID: PMC8130476 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers and telomere length (TL), a biological index of aging, is still poorly understood. By applying a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we investigated the causal associations between adiponectin, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and serum uric acid (SUA) with TL. MATERIAL AND METHODS MR was implemented by using summary-level data from the largest ever genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on our interested exposure and TL. Inverse variance weighted method (IVW), weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, MR-Robust Adjusted Profile Score (RAPS), and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) were applied. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS With regard to adiponectin, CRP, leptin, and SUA levels, we found no effect on TL for all 4 types of tests (all p > 0.108). Results of the MR-Egger (p = 0.892) and IVW (p = 0.124) showed that bilirubin had no effect on telomere maintenance, whereas the results of the WM (p = 0.030) and RAPS (p = 0.022) were negative, with higher bilirubin concentrations linked to shorter TL. There was a low likelihood of heterogeneity for all the estimations, except for bilirubin (IVW p = 0.026, MR Egger p = 0.018). MR-PRESSO highlighted no outlier. For all the estimations, we observed negligible intercepts that were indicative of low likelihood of the pleiotropy (all p > 0.161). The results of leave-one-out method demonstrated that the links are not driven because of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that neither the anti-inflammatory nor pro-inflammatory markers tested have any significant causal effect on TL. The casual role of bilirubin on TL still needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Strand, London, UK
| | - Niloofar Shekoohi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michal Rakowski
- Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) & Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of the hematopoietic system enable the purification and massive profiling of precisely defined cell states. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1577-1589. [PMID: 34811546 PMCID: PMC8642243 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell genomics technology has transformed our understanding of complex cellular systems. However, excessive cost and a lack of strategies for the purification of newly identified cell types impede their functional characterization and large-scale profiling. Here, we have generated high-content single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of human blood and bone marrow that quantitatively link the expression of up to 197 surface markers to cellular identities and biological processes across all main hematopoietic cell types in healthy aging and leukemia. These reference maps enable the automatic design of cost-effective high-throughput cytometry schemes that outperform state-of-the-art approaches, accurately reflect complex topologies of cellular systems and permit the purification of precisely defined cell states. The systematic integration of cytometry and proteo-genomic data enables the functional capacities of precisely mapped cell states to be measured at the single-cell level. Our study serves as an accessible resource and paves the way for a data-driven era in cytometry.
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Albarrán-Tamayo F, Murillo-Ortiz B, González Amaro R, López Briones S. Both in vitro T cell proliferation and telomere length are decreased, but CD25 expression and IL-2 production are not affected in aged men. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:775-784. [PMID: 34025848 PMCID: PMC8130486 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is a natural process involving dysfunction of multiple organs and is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, cancer and autoimmune diseases. The functionality of the immune system depends on the capacity of lymphocytes to proliferate in response to antigenic challenges, and telomere length has an important role regulating the number of cell divisions. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between telomere length, interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, CD25 expression and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in aged men. MATERIAL AND METHODS Telomere length was measured by RT-PCR in PBMCs from young and aged men. IL-2 production and CD25 expression were determined by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured by CFSE dilution assays upon in vitro stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A). RESULTS PBMCs from aged men showed a shorter telomere length and a reduced capacity to proliferate in vitro, compared to young men. In contrast, no significant differences in the level of CD25 expression on T lymphocytes, and in vitro production of IL-2 were detected in both groups. In addition, no significant correlation was detected between levels of CD25 expression, IL-2 production, cell proliferation, and telomere length in aged men. CONCLUSIONS In aged men the telomere length shortening and the reduced T cell proliferation are not related to the capacity of IL-2 production and CD25 expression on T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Murillo-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) No. 1 Bajío, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Roberto González Amaro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
| | - Sergio López Briones
- Departamento de Medicina y Nutrición, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, México
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Frasca D, Saada YB, Garcia D, Friguet B. Effects of cellular senescence on metabolic pathways in non-immune and immune cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111428. [PMID: 33383073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular stresses induce cellular senescence and the irreversible arrest of cell proliferation in different cell types. Although blocked in their capacity to divide, senescent cells are metabolically active and are characterized by a different metabolic phenotype as compared to non-senescent cells. Changes observed in senescent cells depend from the cell type and lead to an adaptative flexibility in the type of metabolism. This metabolic reprogramming is needed to cope with survival and with the energetic demands of the senescent program that include the increased secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Yara Bou Saada
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, B2A-IBPS, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, B2A-IBPS, 75005, Paris, France.
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Zöphel D, Hof C, Lis A. Altered Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Immune Cells during Aging: Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010110. [PMID: 33374304 PMCID: PMC7794837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unstoppable process and begins shortly after birth. Each cell of the organism is affected by the irreversible process, not only with equal density but also at varying ages and with different speed. Therefore, aging can also be understood as an adaptation to a continually changing cellular environment. One of these very prominent changes in age affects Ca2+ signaling. Especially immune cells highly rely on Ca2+-dependent processes and a strictly regulated Ca2+ homeostasis. The intricate patterns of impaired immune cell function may represent a deficit or compensatory mechanisms. Besides, altered immune function through Ca2+ signaling can profoundly affect the development of age-related disease. This review attempts to summarize changes in Ca2+ signaling due to channels and receptors in T cells and beyond in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Lis
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-06841-1616318; Fax: +49-(0)-6841-1616302
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Beijnen EMS, van Haren SD. Vaccine-Induced CD8 + T Cell Responses in Children: A Review of Age-Specific Molecular Determinants Contributing to Antigen Cross-Presentation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:607977. [PMID: 33424857 PMCID: PMC7786054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are most common and most severe at the extremes of age, the young and the elderly. Vaccination can be a key approach to enhance immunogenicity and protection against pathogens in these vulnerable populations, who have a functionally distinct immune system compared to other age groups. More than 50% of the vaccine market is for pediatric use, yet to date vaccine development is often empiric and not tailored to molecular distinctions in innate and adaptive immune activation in early life. With modern vaccine development shifting from whole-cell based vaccines to subunit vaccines also comes the need for formulations that can elicit a CD8+ T cell response when needed, for example, by promoting antigen cross-presentation. While our group and others have identified many cellular and molecular determinants of successful activation of antigen-presenting cells, B cells and CD4+ T cells in early life, much less is known about the ontogeny of CD8+ T cell induction. In this review, we summarize the literature pertaining to the frequency and phenotype of newborn and infant CD8+ T cells, and any evidence of induction of CD8+ T cells by currently licensed pediatric vaccine formulations. In addition, we review the molecular determinants of antigen cross-presentation on MHC I and successful CD8+ T cell induction and discuss potential distinctions that can be made in children. Finally, we discuss recent advances in development of novel adjuvants and provide future directions for basic and translational research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M S Beijnen
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD + metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 22:119-141. [PMID: 33353981 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. NAD+ can directly and indirectly influence many key cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, cellular senescence and immune cell function. These cellular processes and functions are critical for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis and for healthy ageing. Remarkably, ageing is accompanied by a gradual decline in tissue and cellular NAD+ levels in multiple model organisms, including rodents and humans. This decline in NAD+ levels is linked causally to numerous ageing-associated diseases, including cognitive decline, cancer, metabolic disease, sarcopenia and frailty. Many of these ageing-associated diseases can be slowed down and even reversed by restoring NAD+ levels. Therefore, targeting NAD+ metabolism has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate ageing-related disease, and extend the human healthspan and lifespan. However, much remains to be learnt about how NAD+ influences human health and ageing biology. This includes a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate NAD+ levels, how to effectively restore NAD+ levels during ageing, whether doing so is safe and whether NAD+ repletion will have beneficial effects in ageing humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Covarrubias
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. .,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Moskalec OV. Characteristics of the Immunoresponse in Elderly People and Autoimmunity. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057020040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Varricchi G, Bencivenga L, Poto R, Pecoraro A, Shamji MH, Rengo G. The emerging role of T follicular helper (T FH) cells in aging: Influence on the immune frailty. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101071. [PMID: 32344191 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The world population is undergoing a rapid expansion of older adults. Aging is associated with numerous changes that affect all organs and systems, including every component of the immune system. Immunosenescence is a multifaceted process characterized by poor response to vaccine and higher incidence of bacterial and viral infections, cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Immunosenescence has been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation referred to as inflammaging, whose underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, including age-related changes affecting components of the innate and adaptive immune system. T follicular helper (TFH) cells, present in lymphoid organs and in peripheral blood, are specialized in providing cognate help to B cells and are required for the production of immunoglobulins. Several subsets of TFH cells have been identified in humans and mice and modifications in TFH cell phenotype and function progressively occur with age. Dysfunctional TFH cells play a role in cancer, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, all conditions particularly prevalent in elderly subjects. A specialized population of Treg cells, named T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, present in lymphoid organs and in peripheral blood, exerts opposing roles to TFH cells in regulating immunity. Indeed, changes in TFH/TFR cell ratio constitute a relevant feature of aging. Herein we discuss the cellular and molecular changes in both TFH cells and TFR cells that occur in aging and recent findings suggesting that TFH cells and/or their subsets could be involved in atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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