1
|
Hao J, Zhang W, Tong R, Huang Z. Febuxostat Prevents the Cytotoxicity of Propofol in Brain Endothelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5471-5478. [PMID: 33681587 PMCID: PMC7931401 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose: A high risk of brain injury has been reported with the usage of general anesthetics such as propofol in infants. Experimental data indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the neurotoxicity induced by propofol. Febuxostat is a novel anti-gout agent recently reported to exert an anti-inflammatory effect. The present study aims to investigate the protective property of febuxostat against the cytotoxicity of propofol in brain endothelial cells as well as the underlying preliminary mechanism. Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was utilized to screen the optimized incubation concentration of febuxostat. bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells were stimulated with 2% propofol in the presence or absence of febuxostat (10, 20 μM) for 24 h. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was conducted to detect cytotoxicity. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated using dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was determined using a commercial kit. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, CXCL-1, PDPN, CXCL8, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were determined using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot and qRT-PCR were utilized to determine the expressions of COX-2 and KLF6. The production of PGE2 was evaluated by ELISA. Results: First, increased LDH release induced by propofol was significantly suppressed by febuxostat. The oxidative stress (elevated ROS levels and decreased GSH level) induced by propofol was alleviated by febuxostat. Second, the upregulated inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12), pro-inflammatory chemokines (CXCL-1, PDPN, and CXCL8), adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and E-selectin), and inflammatory mediators (COX-2 and PGE2) induced by propofol were greatly downregulated by febuxostat. Lastly, the expression of KLF6 was significantly suppressed by propofol but greatly elevated by febuxostat. Conclusion: Febuxostat prevented the cytotoxicity of propofol in brain endothelial cells by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response through KLF6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hao
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Rui Tong
- Department
of Oncologynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zeqing Huang
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China
- . Tel/Fax: +86-024-31916012
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bagis B, Atilla P, Cakar N, Hasanreisoglu U. An immunohistochemical evaluation of cell adhesion molecules in human dental pulp after tooth preparation and application of temporary luting cements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:137-44. [PMID: 19101496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if temporary luting cements used with provisional restorations alter the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in human dental pulp. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-five healthy human premolars and third molars scheduled to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups. Group 1 included untreated teeth as negative control. In groups 2-5, provisional crowns were cemented to the prepared teeth with either eugenol-containing or eugenol-free temporary cement and extracted 24 or 48 h after the treatment. Expression ratio and staining intensity of CAMs, including E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), was investigated in the pulp samples. The assessment of immunohistochemical reactions was performed by 2 independent observers using a semiquantitative scale. RESULTS Significant reductions were recorded in the expression ratio and/or the staining intensity of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in samples removed 48 h after treatment with eugenol-containing cement compared with intact teeth. This reduction was significant only for ICAM-1 for 48-h eugenol-free samples. Moreover, the eugenol-free cement group indicated considerably higher E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression compared with the eugenol-containing group (P < .005) 48 h after the application. The PECAM-1 reactivity was similar for all of the experimental groups. CONCLUSION Application of temporary luting cements after tooth preparation for full crown causes alterations in the expression of endothelial CAMs in the dental pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Bagis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bagis B, Atilla P, Cakar N, Hasanreisoglu U. Immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in human dental pulp: effects of tooth preparation and adhesive application. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:705-11. [PMID: 17324377 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have demonstrated that restorative procedures can initiate pulpal inflammation. Adhesion molecules on endothelial cells mediate the leukocyte-endothelium interaction, which is the fundamental event of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in the endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) of human dental pulp with tooth preparation, and after the application of one-step self-etch adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty healthy human premolars and third molars scheduled to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. Group 1 involved sound intact teeth representing the controls. In group 2, teeth were prepared for full crown and extracted within 2h. Groups 3 and 4 comprised the teeth coated with one-step self-etch adhesive, iBond Gluma inside following the preparation and extracted after 24 and 48h, respectively. Tissue distribution and staining intensity of CAMs including E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 was investigated in the pulp samples using monoclonal antibodies and the streptavidin-biotin-horse-radish immunoperoxidase procedure. The assessment of immunohistochemical reactions was performed by two independent observers using a semi-quantitative scale. RESULTS All the CAMs evaluated were expressed by the healthy pulp tissues. Significant alterations in the distribution and staining intensity of CAMs were detected following tooth preparation. One-step self-etch adhesive tested in the present study induced inflammatory reactions in the pulp (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). CONCLUSION It seems evident that tooth preparation for full crown and application of one-step self-etch adhesive on prepared teeth had a potential to interfere with the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Bagis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Staquet MJ, Couble ML, Roméas A, Connolly M, Magloire H, Hynes RO, Clezardin P, Bleicher F, Farges JC. Expression and localisation of αv integrins in human odontoblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 323:457-63. [PMID: 16341551 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-0104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrin alphabeta heterodimers mediate adhesion to the extracellular matrix and at cell-cell contacts and initiate intracellular signalling cascades in response to a variety of inductive factors. Apart from the expression of alphavbeta3 that we have previously reported, little is known about the expression of integrins in odontoblasts. Here, we investigated the expression of alphav-binding beta integrin subunits in healthy human dental pulp in vivo and in odontoblasts differentiated in vitro. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the expression of alphav, beta1, beta5 and beta8 integrin mRNA, but not beta6, in whole pulp cells. Flow cytometry showed that the alphav and beta1 subunits were the most intensely expressed. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the beta1 subunit was localised in newly differentiated odontoblasts in the root and in mature odontoblasts in the crown, including their intradentinal cell processes. The alphav chain was predominantly expressed by mature odontoblasts and alphavbeta5 was only observed in mature odontoblasts. In vitro differentiated odontoblasts expressed genes for alphav, beta1 and beta5, but not for beta6 and beta8. A comparison of integrin profiles between cultured pulp cells and in vitro differentiated odontoblasts revealed that odontoblast maturation was characterised by a significant increase in the expression of alphav and beta1 subunits and alphavbeta5 integrin. The beta8 subunit was detected in nerve cells only. Histological analysis of teeth from alphav knockout mice showed no obvious structural modification in the odontoblast layer. Thus, human mature odontoblasts express alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5 and perhaps alphavbeta1 integrins, with the possible presence of alpha-beta1 pairs. The roles that these molecules play in the exchange of information throughout the odontoblast layer remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Staquet
- Développement et Régénération des Tissus Dentaires, EA 1892, IFR 62, INSERM ESPRI, Faculté d'Odontologie, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiménez-Marín A, Moreno A, de la Mulas JM, Millán Y, Morera L, Barbancho M, Llanes D, Garrido JJ. Localization of porcine CD29 transcripts and protein in pig cells and tissues by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 104:281-8. [PMID: 15734549 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Revised: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell adhesion proteins with major roles in a variety of biological processes ranging from cell migration to tissue organization, immune and non-immune defense mechanisms and oncogenic transformation. Members of the beta(1) integrin subfamily are composed of a beta(1) subunit (CD29) non-covalently associated with different alpha subunits to constitute a group of transmembrane glycoproteins that participate in many physiologically important events. Here, we have studied the CD29 expression in porcine tissues and cells at two different levels: expression of the CD29 mRNA by RT-PCR and localization of the protein by immunohistochemistry. CD29 transcripts were detected in a variety of tissues and cells: platelets, PBMC, granulocytes, alveolar macrophages, smooth muscle, intestine, lung, liver, spleen, lymph node, skin, testis, heart, kidney and bone marrow. Our results suggest that CD29 gene transcription occurs in all organs examined, although with different intensities. The precise localization of CD29 protein in paraffin-embedded tissues was detected by using a specific polyclonal antibody indicating that its expression is limited to smooth muscle, epithelium cells, endothelium of blood vessels and myeloid cells and is no detectable in cells of the lymphoid lineage. The distribution of the CD29 in normal tissues provide insight into the physiological function of the porcine beta(1) integrins and should be of importance in understanding the role of this integrin family in pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Jiménez-Marín
- Unidad Mixta CSIC-UCO Marcadores Genéticos Moleculares en Animales Domésticos, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel (C5), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paños G, Moreno A, Jiménez-Marín A, Garrido JJ, Martin de la Mulas J, Ordás J, Llanes D. Analysis of Swine β1Integrin (CD29) Epitopes Through Monoclonal Antibodies Developed Using Two Immunization Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 23:271-8. [PMID: 15672604 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2004.23.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to swine beta1 integrin subunit (CD29) using two different immunization strategies. MAb GP4B4 was developed from a mouse immunized with porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), while MAbs GP1A5, GP1A6, and GP4A1 were produced by immunizing mice with a porcine CD29 recombinant protein (rpCD29) developed in our laboratory, which includes the ligand binding site. GP4B4 and UCP1D2 (specific to porcine CD29) immunoprecipitated two bands of approximately 115 and 150 kDa under reducing conditions. The molecule recognized by these two antibodies was studied using flow cytometry and was found in practically all cells studied, displaying a similar reaction pattern. Western blot assays performed with rpCD29 indicated that MAbs GP1A5, GP1A6, and GP4A1 recognized the 30-kDa band for this recombinant protein, confirming their specificity for the beta1, integrin subunit. Immunohistochemical analyses of these MAbs disclosed a morphological pattern associated with smooth muscle, epithelium, and myeloid cells, as expected in MAbs recognizing CD29. This MAb panel could be useful as a general anti-CD29 reagent and would allow further research into this important integrin in swine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paños
- Unidad Mixta CSIC-UCO Marcadores Genéticos Moleculares en Animales Domésticos, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|