1
|
Ruan YX, Cheung MC. Systematic review of factors influencing loneliness in older-adult migrants. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1129-1141. [PMID: 38613512 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2340736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older-adult migrants constitute a proportion of the global population, and loneliness hinders their adaptation to host areas. However, review studies on risk factors for loneliness target general older-adults without focusing on older-adult migrants. Therefore, this study systematically reviews and synthesizes the factors influencing the loneliness of older-adult migrants. METHOD Five databases were searched and screened for quantitative studies investigating the relationship between risk factors and loneliness among older-adult migrants (over age 50). Finally, 35 articles were included. RESULTS Factors related to loneliness in older-adult migrants were synthesized into sociodemographic, physical health, psychological, interpersonal, and acculturation-related factors. Consistent significant relationships with loneliness were found for a few risk factors, including not having spouses, low subjective financial status, poor self-rated health, poor psychological status, few non-kin ties, low quality of kin and non-kin ties, and a weak sense of belonging to either one's ethnic group or that of the host areas. CONCLUSION This review discusses the unique findings on the risk factors for loneliness in older-adult migrants. Additionally, the current literature on loneliness in older-adult migrants has some research gaps, calling for longitudinal studies with a rigorous design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Ruan
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pollak C, Verghese J, Blumen H. Loneliness and Functional Decline in Aging: A Systematic Review. Res Gerontol Nurs 2023; 16:202-212. [PMID: 37159388 PMCID: PMC10926714 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20230503-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is prevalent in adults aged ≥65 years in the United States and is associated with functional decline. The purpose of the current review was to synthesize evidence on the relationship between loneliness and functional decline using Roy's Adaptation Model as a theoretical framework. A comprehensive review of PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases was performed. Inclusion criteria were samples including adults primarily aged >60 years, peer-reviewed, published in the English language, and included a measure for loneliness and function. A total of 47 studies were analyzed. Most studies examined correlates, risk factors, and predictors of loneliness, rather than the relationship between loneliness and function. Evidence suggests there is bidirectionality in the relationship between loneliness and functional decline. Loneliness is associated with functional decline in aging via multiple possible pathways. Further studies are needed to determine causality and biological mechanisms underlying the relationship. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(4), 202-212.].
Collapse
|
3
|
Paquet C, Whitehead J, Shah R, Adams AM, Dooley D, Spreng RN, Aunio AL, Dubé L. Social Prescription Interventions Addressing Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Meta-Review Integrating On-the-Ground Resources. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e40213. [PMID: 37195738 PMCID: PMC10233446 DOI: 10.2196/40213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social prescription programs represent a viable solution to linking primary care patients to nonmedical community resources for improving patient well-being. However, their success depends on the integration of patient needs with local resources. This integration could be accelerated by digital tools that use expressive ontology to organize knowledge resources, thus enabling the seamless navigation of diverse community interventions and services tailored to the needs of individual users. This infrastructure bears particular relevance for older adults, who experience a range of social needs that impact their health, including social isolation and loneliness. An essential first step in enabling knowledge mobilization and the successful implementation of social prescription initiatives to meet the social needs of older adults is to incorporate the evidence-based academic literature on what works, with on-the-ground solutions in the community. OBJECTIVE This study aims to integrate scientific evidence with on-the-ground knowledge to build a comprehensive list of intervention terms and keywords related to reducing social isolation and loneliness in older adults. METHODS A meta-review was conducted using a search strategy combining terms related to older adult population, social isolation and loneliness, and study types relevant to reviews using 5 databases. Review extraction included intervention characteristics, outcomes (social [eg, loneliness, social isolation, and social support] or mental health [eg, psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety]), and effectiveness (reported as consistent, mixed, or not supported). Terms related to identified intervention types were extracted from the reviewed literature as well as descriptions of corresponding community services in Montréal, Canada, available from web-based regional, municipal, and community data sources. RESULTS The meta-review identified 11 intervention types addressing social isolation and loneliness in older adults by either increasing social interactions, providing instrumental support, promoting mental and physical well-being, or providing home and community care. Group-based social activities, support groups with educational elements, recreational activities, and training or use of information and communication technologies were the most effective in improving outcomes. Examples of most intervention types were found in community data sources. Terms derived from the literature that were the most commonly congruent with those describing existing community services were related to telehealth, recreational activities, and psychological therapy. However, several discrepancies were observed between review-based terms and those addressing the available services. CONCLUSIONS A range of interventions found to be effective at addressing social isolation and loneliness or their impact on mental health were identified from the literature, and many of these interventions were represented in services available to older residents in Montréal, Canada. However, different terms were occasionally used to describe or categorize similar services across data sources. Establishing an efficient means of identifying and structuring such sources is important to facilitate referrals and help-seeking behaviors of older adults and for strategic planning of resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Paquet
- Département de Marketing, Faculté des Sciences de l'Administration, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Whitehead
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rishabh Shah
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alayne Mary Adams
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Damion Dooley
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gender Differences in Correlates of Loneliness among Community-Dwelling Older Koreans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127334. [PMID: 35742581 PMCID: PMC9224515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite a relatively large number of studies exploring late-life loneliness, few studies have compared gender differences in the correlates of loneliness of older adults. Thus, we examined the gender differences in correlates of loneliness among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from a parent study conducted among community-dwelling Koreans 65 years of age or older. Loneliness was measured by the 20-item Revised University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. As potential correlates, demographic, health-related, and social variables were included. Multivariate hierarchical regression analyses were performed separately by gender. Results: Men were more likely to be lonely than women, after controlling for demographic, health-related, and social variables. A social network of family ties and being married were found to be inversely correlated with loneliness in men but not in women. A social network of friendship ties and participation in a variety of community activities were inversely correlated with loneliness in both men and women. Conclusions: A social network of family ties and being married may help reduce late-life loneliness, particularly among men. This study highlights the importance of considering gender differences in the design of strategies for preventing and alleviating late-life loneliness.
Collapse
|
5
|
Alsubheen SA, Oliveira A, Habash R, Goldstein R, Brooks D. Systematic review of psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation of the University of California and Los Angeles loneliness scale in adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-15. [PMID: 34785877 PMCID: PMC8586628 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review assessed the psychometric properties and the cross-cultural adaptation of the University of California and Los Angeles Loneliness scale (UCLA-LS) in adults. A systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO) was conducted from inception until March 2021. We followed the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines for data extraction and evidence synthesis. Eighty-one studies assessed the validity and reliability of the UCLA-LS, translated into many languages, and applied across several countries/societies. Three versions of the 20-item and nine short versions of the UCLA-LS with 3 to 20 questions were identified. High-quality evidence supported the internal structure of the UCLAs: 4, 6, 7 and 10, while low-to moderate-quality evidence supported the construct validity of the UCLAs: 3, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 20. Moderate-quality evidence supported the test-retest reliability of version 3 UCLA-20 with excellent interclass coefficients values of 0.76-0.93. The UCLAs: 4, 6, 7 and 10 had the most robust internal structure and may therefore be the most useful for informing clinicians and social psychologists engaged in assisting those with loneliness. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02494-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A. Alsubheen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, IAHS Building Room 430, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7 Canada
| | - Ana Oliveira
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, IAHS Building Room 430, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7 Canada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
- Lab3R – Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Razanne Habash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Roger Goldstein
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Dina Brooks
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, IAHS Building Room 430, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7 Canada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fokkema T, Ciobanu RO. Older migrants and loneliness: scanning the field and looking forward. Eur J Ageing 2021; 18:291-297. [PMID: 34366756 PMCID: PMC8333153 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Fokkema
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI)-KNAW/University of Groningen, Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511 CV The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruxandra Oana Ciobanu
- Institute of Demography and Socioeconomics, Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, 28 Bd du Pont d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Faculty of Social Work (HETSL|HES-SO), Chemin des Abeilles 14, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jang Y, Choi EY, Park NS, Chiriboga DA, Duan L, Kim MT. Cognitive health risks posed by social isolation and loneliness in older Korean Americans. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:123. [PMID: 33593273 PMCID: PMC7885241 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines associations among social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive health risks in older Korean Americans, focusing on the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between social isolation and objective and subjective measures of cognitive impairment. METHODS Data are from 2061 participants in the Study of Older Korean Americans, a multi-state survey of Korean immigrants age 60 and older (Mage = 73.2, SD = 7.93). Social isolation was indexed with the Lubben Social Network Scale- 6; loneliness, with the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale. Objective and subjective measures of cognitive impairment included the Mini-Mental State Examination and a single-item self-rating of cognitive health. RESULTS In the logistic regression model for objective cognitive impairment, social isolation was significantly associated, but loneliness was not. In the model for subjective cognitive impairment, both social isolation and loneliness were significant factors. However, the effect of social isolation became non-significant when loneliness was considered, suggesting a potential mediating role of loneliness. The subsequent mediation analysis confirmed that the indirect effect of social isolation on subjective cognitive impairment through loneliness was significant (B = .20, SE = .03, 95% CI = .12, .28). CONCLUSION Our analyses provide evidence for the proposed mediating effect of loneliness in the relationship between social isolation and subjective cognitive impairment. Intervention efforts should focus on reducing feelings of loneliness experienced by older immigrants, possibly by engaging them in socially meaningful and cognitively stimulating activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Jang
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, CA, 90089-0411, Los Angeles, USA.
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - David A Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Lei Duan
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Miyong T Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park NS, Chiriboga DA, Chung S. The Effect of Social Capital and Family Support on Loneliness among Korean Adults: Intergenerational Differences. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2021.1868239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- University of South Florida, Tampa, South Florida, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chokkanathan S. Prevalence of and risk factors for loneliness in rural older adults. Australas J Ageing 2020; 39:e545-e551. [DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Chokkanathan
- Department of Social Work Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hansen KV. Loneliness among Elderly People: Can Food and Meals Change this Situation? JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-020-09298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn a relationship, it is natural that one person lives longer than the other, leading to many challenges, including the possibility of loneliness. This article focuses on how food and meals can help reduce loneliness among the elderly. There are many reasons for loneliness or emptiness, including being a widow or a widower, illness, and poverty. As the number of elderly people is greatly increasing in all welfare states, meals are an important function that should be maintained throughout life. This study used CurroCus® group interviews, or fast focus groups. Nine CurroCus® groups were conducted, lasting for 37–56 min (average = 45 min). Altogether, 76 persons participated, ranging in age from 60 to 87 years; participants were predominantly female (> 80%). The collected empirical data were recorded, transcribed, and entered into NVivo 11.0. Interviews were analysed using a grounded theory approach. The main findings of this article fall into two main categories: togetherness and life action. Based on the interpretation of respondents’ answers, elderly people make both conscious and unconscious choices that help reduce loneliness. They also gather around food and meals to experience more togetherness. In future research, loneliness strategies carried out unknowingly should be investigated more closely. In addition, elderly participants should self-report on meal activities throughout the day.
Collapse
|
11
|
K. C. AU R, ZHU C. UNMET NEED FOR BELONGING AND LONELINESS IN DETERMINING LIFE SATISFACTION OF MAINLAND CHINESE NEW IMMIGRANTS IN HONG KONG. PSYCHOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.2117/psysoc.2019-a118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuqi ZHU
- Caritas Institute of Higher Education
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen H, Lee JA, Sorkin DH, Gibbs L. "Living happily despite having an illness": Perceptions of healthy aging among Korean American, Vietnamese American, and Latino older adults. Appl Nurs Res 2019; 48:30-36. [PMID: 31266605 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The growingly diverse aging population presents a challenge for the geriatric workforce, particularly its capacity to effectively respond to the sociocultural and linguistic needs of ethnic minority older adults. Informed by research on the importance of culturally-competent care in reducing racial and ethnic health disparities, this study sought to understand the meaning of healthy aging from the perspectives of Korean American, Vietnamese American, and Latino older adults. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 30 participants recruited from community-based organizations in Southern California. RESULTS Several dimensions emerged in the participants' understanding of healthy aging: (1) having good physical and mental health (2) optimism and acceptance; (3) social connectedness; (4) taking charge of one's health; and (5) independence and self-worth. CONCLUSIONS Results could inform the development of a culturally-responsive geriatric healthcare system that takes into account older adults' beliefs, preferences, and needs to promote successful aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Nguyen
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Department of Human Services, 1000 East Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747, United States of America.
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- University of California, Irvine, Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, 100A Berk Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3959, United States of America.
| | - Dara H Sorkin
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 100 Theory, Suite 120, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
| | - Lisa Gibbs
- University of California, Irvine, Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, 200 Manchester, Suite 835, Orange, CA 92865, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park HJ, Morgan T, Wiles J, Gott M. Lonely ageing in a foreign land: Social isolation and loneliness among older Asian migrants in New Zealand. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:740-747. [PMID: 30478970 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ageing does not reduce people's need to connect with family members, friends, and acquaintances, and neither does migration. For those older migrants living in a foreign land, connectedness with others plays a particularly important role in achieving a sense of belonging and sustaining their health and well-being. This paper explores the issues of social isolation and loneliness among older Asian migrants in New Zealand. Data were collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews with Chinese- or Korean-speaking migrants aged between 75 and 84 years (n = 10: all females), and from three focus groups consisting of Chinese- and Korean-speaking migrants (n = 10: 7 females, 3 males) and Chinese professionals (n = 5: 3 females, 2 males) between June 2016 and December 2016. The qualitative data obtained were analysed applying a thematic analysis approach using NVivo software for group analysis by a multidisciplinary research team. The findings from the study show that older Asian migrants experienced high levels of isolation and loneliness at least at some points in their migrant lives. Most participants in this study were living alone or with only their spouse, and this living arrangement was likely to provide fertile ground for isolation and loneliness to grow in the context of later-life migration. It was also observed that their lonely ageing ironically resulted from their efforts to preserve family relationships through avoiding being a burden, while allowing them a sort of space to maintain now barely connected lives. The participants revealed multiple ways of coping with lonely and isolated experiences in their limited social network, and these individual strategies allow us to make suggestions about how best to reduce older migrants' social isolation and loneliness in the New Zealand context and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jae Park
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Tessa Morgan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Wiles
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Merryn Gott
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garcia Diaz L, Savundranayagam MY, Kloseck M, Fitzsimmons D. The Role of Cultural and Family Values on Social Connectedness and Loneliness among Ethnic Minority Elders. Clin Gerontol 2019; 42:114-126. [PMID: 29206574 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1395377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ethnic minority elders have high levels of social isolation and loneliness. Assumptions about the family providing enough social support exist in the literature, contradicting ethnic minority elders' reported levels of isolation and loneliness. While structural barriers influence feelings of isolation and loneliness, limited information exists about the role of cultural factors such as acculturation and family values. Accordingly, this study investigated the roles of acculturation and family values on loneliness and social isolation among ethnic minority elders. METHODS Ethnic minority elders (N = 123) completed a questionnaire that assessed their social connectedness, measured by social network and levels of loneliness, and structural factors such as income. Additionally, cultural and family values were assessed by acculturation and the 'family as referents' dimension of familism, which refers to the belief that family members' behaviour should meet with familial expectations. RESULTS Statistical analysis using hierarchical regression indicated that 'family as referents' and acculturation predicted loneliness, but not social network. CONCLUSIONS This study raises the importance of considering cultural values when investigating predictors of loneliness among ethnic minority elders. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings highlight the importance of addressing familial expectations in programs aimed at alleviating loneliness among ethnic minority elders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marita Kloseck
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Western University , London , Canada
| | - Deborah Fitzsimmons
- b School of Nursing and Allied Health , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sohn Y, Woo S, Jo D, Yang E. The Role of the Quality of College‐Based Relationship on Social Media in College‐to‐Work Transition of Korean College Students: The Longitudinal Examination of Intimacy on Social Media, Social Capital, and Loneliness. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
The relationship of community activities with cognitive impairment and depressive mood independent of mobility disorder in Japanese older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 70:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
17
|
Park NS, Jang Y, Lee BS, Chiriboga DA. The relation between living alone and depressive symptoms in older Korean Americans: do feelings of loneliness mediate? Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:304-312. [PMID: 26465083 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1099035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the opposite end of the continuum from social integration, social isolation may put individuals at a greater risk of poor mental health. Conceptualizing living alone as an objective and structural indicator of social isolation and loneliness as subjective perceptions of social isolation, the present study hypothesized that the relation between living alone and depressive symptoms would be mediated by the feelings of loneliness. Using older Korean Americans as the target population, the mediation model was examined in consideration of the contextual factors such as demographics (age, gender, education, perceived income, and length of stay in the USA), health (chronic conditions and functional disability), and general social integration (size of social network and community social cohesion). METHOD Date were drawn from surveys with 209 older Korean Americans in Central Texas (Mage = 69.6, SD = 7.5). Multivariate regression models of depressive symptoms were entered in the following order: (1) demographics, (2) health, (3) living alone, (4) social network/community social cohesion, and (5) loneliness. The mediation effect of loneliness in the relationship between living alone and depressive symptoms was separately examined using the bootstrapping method. RESULTS Loneliness was found to mediate the relation between living alone and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = 1.03, 95% CI = .05-2.08). CONCLUSION The results suggest that subjective perceptions of loneliness may explain the mechanism through which objective social isolation presents risks for depressive symptoms in older Korean Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- a School of Social Work , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- b School of Social Work , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Beom S Lee
- c Department of Mental Health Law and Policy , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - David A Chiriboga
- d Department of Child and Family Studies , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cohen-Mansfield J, Perach R. Interventions for alleviating loneliness among older persons: a critical review. Am J Health Promot 2016; 29:e109-25. [PMID: 24575725 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.130418-lit-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness is common among older persons and has been associated with health and mental health risks. This systematic review examines the utility of loneliness interventions among older persons. DATA SOURCE Thirty-four intervention studies were used. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA: The study was conducted between 1996 and 2011, included a sample of older adults, implemented an intervention affecting loneliness or identified a situation that directly affected loneliness, included in its outcome measures the effects of the intervention or situation on loneliness levels or on loneliness-related measures (e.g., social interaction), and included in its analysis pretest-posttest comparisons. DATA EXTRACTION Studies were accessed using the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, AgeLine, PsycBOOKS, and Google Scholar for the years 1996-2011. DATA SYNTHESIS Interventions were classified based on population, format, and content and were evaluated for quality of design and efficacy. RESULTS Twelve studies were effective in reducing loneliness according to the review criteria, and 15 were evaluated as potentially effective. The findings suggest that it is possible to reduce loneliness by using educational interventions focused on social networks maintenance and enhancement. CONCLUSIONS Multiple approaches show promise, although flawed design often prevents proper evaluation of efficacy. The value of specific therapy techniques in reducing loneliness is highlighted and warrants a wider investigation. Studies of special populations, such as the cognitively impaired, are also needed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Miyawaki CE. Association of social isolation and health across different racial and ethnic groups of older Americans. AGEING & SOCIETY 2015; 35:2201-2228. [PMID: 26494934 PMCID: PMC4610249 DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x14000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation is a social and public health problem that affects people of all ages, especially elders. Previous studies have found that social isolation across numerous industrialised countries is associated with negative health outcomes. However, it is unknown whether and how this association differs by race/ethnicity and age. To begin to address this gap, this study examines the association of social isolation and physical and mental health among Black, White and Hispanic elders in the United States of America. Building on Cornwell and Waite's perceived isolation and social disconnectedness dimension model of social isolation, the author used multi-stage survey data from a nationally representative sample of 3,005 community-residing adults aged 57-85 from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Tests for association were conducted on health by age, gender, marital status, education and race/ethnicity separately. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to test the association of social isolation and health exclusively and separately among these three groups. Results showed that social isolation is strongly associated with physical and mental health. Both perceived isolation and social disconnectedness had a significant negative association with physical and mental health among White elders. For Blacks, social disconnectedness is negatively associated with their physical health while perceived isolation had a negative association with mental health. Among Hispanic elders, there seemed to be no association between social isolation and physical health, but a significant negative association was found with their mental health. Despite various associated patterns, however, social isolation overall was associated with health outcomes that were similar across three elder groups. By identifying factors influencing social isolation and health among minority older Americans, this study has relevance to the development of culturally sensitive health-care practice and services, which may be applicable to minority elders in different countries.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim J, Kim M, Han A, Chin S. The importance of culturally meaningful activity for health benefits among older Korean immigrant living in the United States. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2015; 10:27501. [PMID: 26084272 PMCID: PMC4471217 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v10.27501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that participation in culturally meaningful activity is beneficial for immigrants' health and well-being, yet older Korean immigrants struggle with accepting new cultural perspectives, which can negatively affect their health and well-being. Using in-depth interviews, this study was designed to capture the value of culturally meaningful activities for health among older Korean immigrants. Three themes were identified: (a) improved psychological well-being, (b) enhanced positive emotions and feelings, and (c) social connections developed with others. The findings suggest that by engaging in various culturally meaningful activities, older Korean immigrants gain a sense of social, cultural, and psychological significance in life. This study also provided evidence that older Korean immigrants maintain and develop their cultural identity through culturally meaningful activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services Administration, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - May Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Areum Han
- Department of Physical Education, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungtae Chin
- Department of Taekwondo, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Relationships Between Functional Limitation, Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Coping in Older Korean Immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2015; 17:1643-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
22
|
Chen Y, Hicks A, While AE. Loneliness and social support of older people in China: a systematic literature review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2014; 22:113-123. [PMID: 23714357 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is a serious problem for older people, which can be alleviated by social support. The dramatic population ageing together with social and economic change in China increases the likelihood of loneliness and the availability of different sources of social support of older people. The aim of this review was to identify the prevalence of loneliness and its related factors and sources of social support of older people in China. Electronic literature searches were conducted in September 2011 using Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, China Academic Journal and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Twenty-six papers were identified and reviewed. The prevalence of loneliness varied across the studies, reflecting the different measurements and samples. Marital status, gender, age, educational level, economic level, living arrangements, health status and social support were significant factors related to loneliness. The family was the most important source of social support followed by friends. The receipt of family support improved subjective well-being and mental health, but the effects of support from friends were inconsistent. Chinese older people received relatively little support from neighbours, governmental or other social organisations. Further well-designed studies are needed to identify additional factors related to loneliness and to understand the support from friends, neighbours, formal organisations and other sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim J, Kim H. The experience of acculturative stress-related growth from immigrants' perspectives. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2013; 8:21355. [PMID: 24070225 PMCID: PMC3784669 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v8i0.21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has mainly focused on the positive effects of stress associated with disability and illness, called stress-related growth. Little research has explored positive changes as a result of acculturative stress among a group of immigrants. In particular, older Asian immigrants may experience a high level of stress related to acculturation because they may face more challenges to adapt to and navigate a new culture. This study was designed to capture the characteristics of stress-related growth associated with acculturative stress. Using in-depth interviews among 13 older Korean immigrants, three main themes associated with the stress-coping strategies were identified: (a) the development of mental toughness, (b) engagement in meaningful activities, and (c) promotion of cultural understanding. These themes indicate that by following the stressful acculturation process, participants developed a better understanding of the new culture, engaged in various leisure activities, and enhanced mental strength. This finding provides information on how immigrants deal with acculturative stress and have positive psychological changes, which results in a sense of happiness and psychological well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services Administration, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Hakjun Kim
- Department of Tourism and Leisure Management, Kyung Hee Cyber University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Abstract
ABSTRACTAlthough the loneliness of both older adults and immigrants is frequently asserted, knowledge regarding the implications of immigration for loneliness in later life is limited. In particular, little attention has been directed to the impact of factors that might differentiate individuals within the immigrant population. Using data from the 2007 General Social Survey (GSS-21) conducted by Statistics Canada, this study examined the effects of immigrant status as well as immigrant generation, length of residence in Canada and race/ethnicity on loneliness among adults aged 60 and over (N=10,553). Regression analyses (ordinary least squares) estimating both the general and age-specific effects of immigrant experience on loneliness, indicated that immigrants report higher levels of loneliness than native-born Canadians, that race/ethnicity influenced loneliness particularly among immigrants and that generational status as well as length of residence also had an impact, but one that differed across age groups. Immigration-related variables appeared less consequential for loneliness in the oldest-old (aged 80+) than in younger elderly age groups. These findings attest to the significance of immigrant status for an understanding of loneliness in later life but suggest a need to acknowledge the diversity of immigrant experiences associated with lifecourse and other factors.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Gulick EE, Krause-Parello CA. Factors related to type of companion pet owned by older women. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2012; 50:30-7. [PMID: 23066827 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20121003-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although pets can be valuable companions for older adults, little is known about why older adults select a specific kind of pet. This study examined demographic (e.g., marital status, health status), health (i.e., well-being, loneliness), and environmental characteristics (i.e., living arrangement, type of housing) of 159 older women in terms of whether they had a companion dog or cat. Significantly more women who were married/partnered had dogs, whereas more single women had cats. Significantly more women who lived alone had cats, whereas more women who lived with someone had dogs. Women with companion dogs had significantly lower depressed mood and higher levels of general health, vitality, and total well-being than those with cats. Although loneliness was somewhat greater among women with cats, the difference was not statistically significant. More women living in 55-and-older communities had cats, whereas more women living in private homes had dogs. Practicing psychiatric nurses can use the information generated from this research to advocate for pet companionship in order to enhance well-being in older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsie E Gulick
- College of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07083, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park NS, Jang Y, Lee BS, Haley WE, Chiriboga DA. The mediating role of loneliness in the relation between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older Korean Americans: do men and women differ? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2012; 68:193-201. [PMID: 22929386 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study conceptualized loneliness as a mediator in the relation between social engagement and depressive symptoms and explored gender differences in the mediation model. Various indices of social engagement were considered including living arrangement, social network, and activity participation. METHOD Using data from 674 community-dwelling Korean American older adults, we first examined the mediation effect of loneliness in the relation between each of 3 indices of social engagement (not living alone, social network, and activity participation) and depressive symptoms. Subsequently, gender differences in the mediation model were examined. RESULTS As hypothesized, loneliness was found to mediate the relation between each of the indices of social engagement and depressive symptoms in both men and women. We also observed gender differences in the strength of mediating effects; the effect of living alone was more likely to be mediated by loneliness among men, whereas women showed greater levels of mediation in the models with social network and activity participation. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that loneliness may explain the mechanism by which deficits in social engagement exerts its effect on depressive symptoms and that gender differences should be considered in interventions targeting social engagement for mental health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Sahin ZA, Tan M. Loneliness, Depression, and Social Support of Patients With Cancer and Their Caregivers. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2012; 16:145-9. [DOI: 10.1188/12.cjon.145-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Victor CR, Burholt V, Martin W. Loneliness and Ethnic Minority Elders in Great Britain: An Exploratory Study. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2012; 27:65-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-012-9161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Choi SH. Testing healthy immigrant effects among late life immigrants in the United States: using multiple indicators. J Aging Health 2011; 24:475-506. [PMID: 22108546 DOI: 10.1177/0898264311425596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested a healthy immigrant effect (HIE) and postimmigration health status changes among late life immigrants. METHODS Using three waves of the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (1994-2000) and the linked mortality file through 2006, this study compared (a) chronic health conditions, (b) longitudinal trajectories of self-rated health, (c) longitudinal trajectories of functional impairments, and (d) mortality between three groups (age 70+): (i) late life immigrants with less than 15 years in the United States (n = 133), (ii) longer term immigrants (n = 672), and (iii) U.S.-born individuals (n = 8,642). Logistic and Poisson regression, hierarchical generalized linear modeling, and survival analyses were conducted. RESULTS Late life immigrants were less likely to suffer from cancer, had lower numbers of chronic conditions at baseline, and displayed lower hazards of mortality during the 12-year follow-up. However, their self-rated health and functional status were worse than those of their counterparts over time. CONCLUSION A HIE was only partially supported among older adults.
Collapse
|
33
|
Heravi-Karimooi M, Rejeh N, Foroughan M, Vaismoradi M. Experience of loneliness in Iranian abused elders. Int Nurs Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Iecovich E, Jacobs JM, Stessman J. Loneliness, social networks, and mortality: 18 years of follow-up. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2011; 72:243-63. [PMID: 21834390 DOI: 10.2190/ag.72.3.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We examined the influence of changes in loneliness and social support networks upon mortality during 18 years of follow-up among an elderly cohort and determined the gender-specific nature of this relationship. The study is based on data collected from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Study (1990-2008), which has followed a representative sample of 605 community-dwelling elderly people. Subjects were randomly selected from an age homogenous cohort born 1920-1921 and were aged 70, 78, and 85 when data were collected at baseline in 1990 and at follow-up in 1998 and 2005. All-cause mortality from age 70-88 was determined according to the National Death Registry. Sense of loneliness was found to be stable among the majority of the respondents. Loneliness among men was found in bivariate analyses to be a risk factor for mortality. Although multivariate analyses found that loneliness was not a significant predictor of mortality, nonetheless several social network factors (marital status at the baseline and living arrangements) were found to predict mortality among men. Loneliness and solitude among elderly men can be a risk factor of mortality. The findings imply that attention should be given to this high risk group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Iecovich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Sociology of Health and Gerontology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dong X, Chang ES, Wong E, Simon M. Perception and negative effect of loneliness in a Chicago Chinese population of older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 54:151-9. [PMID: 21621865 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study aims to investigate the cultural understandings of loneliness, identify the contexts of loneliness, and to examine its effect on the health and well-being of U.S. Chinese older adults. Despite loneliness is one of the main indicators of well-being, little attention has been paid to understanding loneliness among immigrant older adults. This study utilizes both survey questionnaires and semi-structured focus group methods to investigate the feelings of loneliness among U.S. Chinese older adults. Based on interviews with 78 community-dwelling Chinese older adults in Chicago Chinatown, this community-based participatory research study (CBPR) shows loneliness is common among U.S. Chinese older adults. It was frequently identified through emotional isolation and social isolation. Social, psychological and physical health factors could contribute to the experience of loneliness. In addition, the health of older adults with loneliness may be associated with worsening overall health, elder mistreatment, health behavior changes and increased healthcare utilizations. This study has implications for healthcare professionals, social services agencies and policy makers. Our findings point to the needs for healthcare professionals to be more alert of the association of loneliness and adverse health outcomes. Communities and social services agencies should collectively take a lead in reducing social isolation, improving intergenerational relationships, and increasing social networks and companionship for this group of vulnerable older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Dong
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, 1645 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hacihasanoğlu R, Yildirim A, Karakurt P. Loneliness in elderly individuals, level of dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and influential factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 54:61-6. [PMID: 21514680 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study has been carried out to investigate the level of loneliness, determine the level of dependence in the ADL and influential factors in the elderly people. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 Family Healthcare Centers (FHC) located in central Erzincan, Turkey between March and June 2010. The data of the research was collected using a questionnaire that determined the descriptive and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). Mean score of the UCLA-LS was determined as 51.59 ± 4.44. It was determined that 2% of the elderly ADL were completely dependent, 14.5% were semi-dependent. Factors such as being old, a widow/divorced, having a lower level of education and/or income, living alone, having a chronic disease, poor self-perceived health, lack of visits by relatives or acquaintances, dissatisfaction with the place of living, and being fully dependent while performing daily activities were determined as factors which increased the level of loneliness. Furthermore, factors such as being old, a female, a widow/divorced, living together with a daughter/son, having a chronic disease and poor self-perceived health were found to be influential in dependency. Elderly people who are alone and dependent in fulfilling their ADL should be monitored more closely.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tilvis RS, Laitala V, Routasalo PE, Pitkälä KH. Suffering from loneliness indicates significant mortality risk of older people. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:534781. [PMID: 21423600 PMCID: PMC3056243 DOI: 10.4061/2011/534781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The harmful associates of suffering from loneliness are still in dispute. Objective. To examine the association of feelings of loneliness with all-cause mortality in a general aged population. Methods. A postal questionnaire was sent to randomly selected community-dwelling of elderly people (>74 years) from the Finnish National Population Register. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, living conditions, functioning, health, and need for help. Suffering from loneliness was assessed with one question and participants were categorized as lonely or not lonely. Total mortality was retrieved from the National Population Information System. Results. Of 3687 respondents, 39% suffered from loneliness. Lonely people were more likely to be deceased during the 57-month follow-up (31%) than subjects not feeling lonely (23%, P < .001). Excess mortality (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.21-1.57) of lonely people increased over time. After controlling for age and gender, the mortality risk of the lonely individuals was 1.33 (95% CI = 1.17-1.51) and after further controlling for subjective health 1.17 (CI = 1.02-1.33). The excess mortality was consistent in all major subgroups. Conclusion. Suffering from loneliness is common and indicates significant mortality risk in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reijo S. Tilvis
- Clinics of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, BOX 340, 00290 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Central Union for the Welfare of the Aged, Malmin kauppatie 26, 00700 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venla Laitala
- Clinics of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, BOX 340, 00290 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko E. Routasalo
- Central Union for the Welfare of the Aged, Malmin kauppatie 26, 00700 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisu H. Pitkälä
- Central Union for the Welfare of the Aged, Malmin kauppatie 26, 00700 Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, BOX 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim E. Intergenerational acculturation conflict and Korean American parents' depression symptoms. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2011; 32:687-95. [PMID: 21992260 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.597017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the links between intergenerational acculturation conflict and depression symptoms in 176 Korean American parents of children between the ages of 5 and 10. Approximately, 29% of fathers and 28% of mothers reported increased depression symptoms, which were related to parent-child acculturation conflict. Specific situations related to parental depression symptoms included conflicts over the child's social life, comparing the child with others, expressions of love, the importance of saving face, and proper Korean child's behavior. These findings can be used to develop a family intervention program to decrease parental depression symptoms by reducing parent-child acculturation conflict.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Family and Child Nursing, Seattle, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Theeke LA. Sociodemographic and Health-Related Risks for Loneliness and Outcome Differences by Loneliness Status in a Sample of U.S. Older Adults. Res Gerontol Nurs 2010; 3:113-25. [DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20091103-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
40
|
Yildirim Y, Kocabiyik S. The relationship between social support and loneliness in Turkish patients with cancer. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19:832-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Heravi-Karimooi M, Anoosheh M, Foroughan M, Sheykhi MT, Hajizadeh E. Understanding loneliness in the lived experiences of Iranian elders. Scand J Caring Sci 2010; 24:274-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
42
|
Relationship between social support and fatigue in geriatric patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2010; 14:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of past research concerning longitudinal changes in loneliness in old age and in the factors that correlate with loneliness in older persons. This study examines (a) whether loneliness increases with age, (b) characteristics of the lonely older population, and (c) predictors of becoming lonely in old age. METHODS Data are from the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Aging Study, a national longitudinal study on the health, mental, and social status of people aged 75 and older living in Israel. Loneliness was measured as the frequency at which participants had felt lonely during the last month (range: 0-3). The analysis included two waves of data, with an average gap of 3.5 years between them, with 1147 participants at wave 1 and 588 participants at wave 2. RESULTS Data showed an increase in the mean level of loneliness over time, rising from 0.62 to 0.80, p<0.001. The strongest correlate of being lonely at wave 1 was unmarried status. Different variables predicted loneliness in the married and the unmarried. Among the married, lonelier persons tended to have experienced more traumatic events, had more doctor's visits, and manifested less cognitive vitality. In contrast, among the unmarried, loneliness was higher in those with financial difficulties, poor health, and less social network support. The longitudinal transition to becoming lonely was more likely in women, those with insufficient financial resources, and people with poorer health. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the following implications for the development of preventive programs: (a) helping older persons maintain and develop social networks for preventing increased loneliness, (b) taking demographic factors, health factors, and previous trauma into account when designing interventions, and (c) targeting unmarried women for interventions.
Collapse
|
44
|
Theeke LA. Predictors of loneliness in U.S. adults over age sixty-five. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2009; 23:387-96. [PMID: 19766930 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine sociodemographic and health-related risks for loneliness among older adults using Health and Retirement Study Data. Overall prevalence of loneliness was 19.3%. Marital status, self-report of health, number of chronic illnesses, gross motor impairment, fine motor impairment, and living alone were predictors of loneliness. Age, female gender, use of home care, and frequency of healthcare visits were not predictive. Loneliness is a prevalent problem for older adults in the United States with its own health-related risks. Future research of interventions targeting identified risks would enhance the evidence base for nursing and the problem of loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Theeke
- Department of Health Restoration, West Virginia University School of Nursing, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To use the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Version 3 to (a) explore and compare the levels of loneliness experienced between two groups of older adults (aged 40 years and over) with cerebral palsy, a group who use natural speech to communicate and a group who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and (b) to test the reliability of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) when used with the older adults with cerebral palsy who use a variety of communication modes. METHOD The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) was administered twice to two groups of older participants with cerebral palsy. Group 1 consisted of 11 participants who used natural speech and Group 2 consisted of nine participants who used augmentative and alternative communication systems. The scores from the second assessment were used to calculate test retest reliability. RESULTS The mean loneliness scores for the two groups indicated that older people with cerebral palsy experience more loneliness than older adults without disability. There was no significant difference between the scores of Groups 1 and 2. The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a reliable tool for use with people who communicate using a variety of communication modes. CONCLUSIONS The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) items are pertinent to participants' perceived satisfaction with the quantity and quality of their relationships with others. Policy makers, service providers and the general community have a responsibility to ensure that older people with cerebral palsy are given the support they need to achieve satisfactory relationships and thus facilitate a good quality of life as they age.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
TOPIC Loneliness is a universal human experience recognized since the dawn of time, yet it is unique for every individual. Loneliness can lead to both depression and low self-esteem. PURPOSE This article explicates the concept of loneliness through the examination of its conceptual definition and uses, defining attributes, related concepts, and empirical referents. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Literature review using hand search and database were used as sources of information. CONCLUSION Because loneliness is commonly encountered in nursing situations, the information provided will serve as a framework for assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation of clients.
Collapse
|
47
|
Vassar M, Crosby JW. A Reliability Generalization Study of Coefficient Alpha for the UCLA Loneliness Scale. J Pers Assess 2008; 90:601-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00223890802388624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Vassar
- a Center for Health Sciences , Oklahoma State University
| | - James W. Crosby
- b Department of Psychology and Philosophy , Sam Houston State University
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social and solitary pastimes with the potential to ameliorate the experience of loneliness among older individuals were investigated for the purpose of informing future interventions designed to reduce the negative consequences of social isolation. METHOD Nineteen individual interviews with Australians aged 65 years and older. RESULTS Several pastimes were described by interviewees as instrumental in determining whether the increasing social isolation they experience in older age results in feelings of emotional isolation and thus of loneliness. CONCLUSION The specific behaviours that were found to ameliorate loneliness included utilizing friends and family as an emotional resource, engaging in eating and drinking rituals as a means of maintaining social contacts, and spending time constructively by reading and gardening. Specific recommendations are provided for interventions designed to prevent and treat loneliness among older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pettigrew
- UWA Business School, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Krause-Parello CA. The Mediating Effect of Pet Attachment Support Between Loneliness and General Health in Older Females Living in the Community. J Community Health Nurs 2008; 25:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/07370010701836286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
50
|
Moon JS, Mikami H. Difference in subjective well-being between ethnic Korean and Japanese elderly residents in an urban community in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|